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2. Age Appropriate Digital Services for Young People: Major Reforms
- Author
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Roba Abbas, Rys Farthing, Katina Michael, and Genevieve Smith-Nunes
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,050801 communication & media studies ,02 engineering and technology ,Public relations ,Age appropriate ,Computer Science Applications ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Rules of engagement ,0508 media and communications ,Terms of service ,Hardware and Architecture ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Service user ,Sociology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Set (psychology) - Abstract
Young people's digital lives are bigger than they have ever been. This means that realizing young people's rights now requires a concerted focus on the digital world as well. Terms and Conditions (from Cookies Policies to Terms of Service) are an important part of young people's digital worlds because they set the “rules of engagement” between digital products and young service users. However important, these Terms and Conditions rarely recognize young people's rights, let alone uphold them. This article outlines some of the ways Terms and Conditions fail young people, and why this is problematic from moral, legal, and commercial perspectives. This suggests there is a critical need for Terms and Conditions that uphold rights, and that a Standard around Terms and Conditions may be an effective way of addressing this problem.
- Published
- 2021
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3. Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial
- Author
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Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, David Abdo, Basir Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Amina Abdulle, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Ul Amna Abeer Ul Amna, Katrina Abernethy, Adebanke Aboaba, Hani Abo-Leyah, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Sarah Acheampong, Janet Acheson, Andres Acosta, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Sara Adair, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Carol Adams, Charlotte Adams, Kate Adams, Lisa Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Kirsty Adcock, Jemaimah Addai, Ade Adebiyi, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Debo Ademokun, Sherna Adenwalla, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Joyce Adeyemi, Rina Adhikary, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, John Aeron-Thomas, Debbie Affleck, Dominic Affron, Carmel Afnan, Muhammad Afridi, Zainab A Aftab, Meenakshi Agarwal, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Penny Agent, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Humayun Ahmad, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Asim Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Iram Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sara Ahmed, Sophia Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed Haris Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Giulia Airoldi, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Francis Ajeneye, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Tahir Akbar, Naim Akhtar, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Olajide Akinwumiju, Olugbenro Aktinade, Ahmad Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Narendra Aladangady, Ayaz Alam, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Karina Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Manaf Al-Bayati, Paul Albert, Lorraine Albon, Gemma Alcorn, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, John Alexander, Peter D G Alexander, Charlotte Alford, Julyan Al-Fori, Laith Alghazawi, Bahij Al-Hakim, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Asad Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Hoodo Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohammad Ali, Nayab Ali, Oudai Ali, Sabira Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Abid Alina, Fine Aliyuda, Katrin Alizadeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Saba Al-Juboori, Majid Al-Khalil, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Allameddine Allameddine, Fiona Allan, Rachel Allan, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Beverley Allen, Eireann Allen, Jess Allen, Kerry Allen, Laura Allen, Louise Allen, Poppy Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Lynne Allsop, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Inji Alshaer, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Sara Altaf, Mary Alvarez, Balaal Alyas, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Noor Amar, Sakkarai Ambalavanan, Sarah-Jayne Ambler, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Kenneth Amenyah, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Syed Amin, Tara Amin, Amjad Amjad, Neelma Amjad, Mariam Ammoun, Victoria Amosun, Khaled Amsha, Pugh Amy, Atul Anand, Rekha Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Julie Anderson, Kevin Anderson, Laura Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rory Anderson, Wendy Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Antonette Andrews, Jill Andrews, Susan Andrews, Gregory Andrikopoulos, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Aramburo Angela, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Jessica Annett, Patrick J Anstey, Rebekah Anstey, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, George Apostolides, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Sarah Appleby, Diane Appleyard, Maia Far Aquino, Bianca Araba, Samuel Aransiola, Mariana Araujo, Emily Arbon, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Simon Archer, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Sylvia Armstrong-Fisher, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Sarah Arnott, Dhawal Arora, Kavan Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Andrea Arroyo, Arslam Arter, Ayush Arya, Rita Arya, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Glen Ashby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Samuel Ashcroft, Deborah Asher, Ayesha Ashfaq, Ben Ashford, Suhail Ashgar, Abdul Ashish, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Abd-El-Aziz Ashour, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Arshia Aslam, Harshini Asogan, Abigail Asquith, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Richard Athay-Hunt, Deborah Athorne, Billie Atkins, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Brygitta Atraskiewicz, Claire Atterbury, Abdul Ahmad Attia, Rita Atugonza, Paula Aubrey, Avinash Aujayeb, Aye Chan Thar Aung, Hnin Aung, Kyaw Thu Aung, Ni Aung, Yin Aung, Zaw Myo Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Abdusshakur Auwal, Miriam Avery, Joanne Avis, Georgina Aviss, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Gabriel Awadzi, Atia Awan, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, Amanda Ayers, Jawwad Azam, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ghazala Aziz, N Aziz, Ali Azkoul, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Marta Babores, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Sammy Bacciarelli, Roudi Bachar, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph P Bae, Sibel Bafekr Mishamandani, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Lynsey Bagshaw, Kasra Bahadori, James Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Pippa Bailey, Sarah Bailey, Stephen Bailey, Hamish Baillie, J Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Sanchia Baines, Vikram Bains, Aimi Baird, David Baird, Susan Baird, Tracy Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Charles Baker, Emma Baker, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Josephine Baker, Kenneth Baker, Rebecca Baker, Terri-Anne Baker, Victoria Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Nauman Bakhtiar, Panos Bakoulas, Julie Balaam, Niranjan Balachandran, Andrea Balan, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Alison Balcombe, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Caron Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Rebekah 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Sumit Bokhandi, Maria Bokhar, Saba Bokhari, Sakina Bokhari, Syed Owais Bokhari, Ambrose Boles, Sarah Bollington, Sam Bolton, Charlotte Bomken, Charlotte Bond, Hayley Bond, Helena Bond, Stuart Bond, Thomas Bond, Alice Bone, Georgia Boniface, Wendy Bonnert, Lizzy Bonney, Leigh Boorman, Catherine Booth, Joanne Borbone, Cameron Borhani, Naomi Borman, Rachel Borrell, Mamu Boshir, Fiona Bottrill, Laura Bough, Hayley Boughton, Zoe Boult, Miriam Bourke, Stephen Bourke, Michelle Bourne, Rachel Bousfield, Lucy Boustred, Darren Bowen, Kaye Bowen, Alexandra Bowes, Amy Bowes, Philip Bowker, Louise Bowman, Simon Bowman, Rachel Bowmer, Angie Bowring, Geoff Bowyer, Helen Bowyer, Carmel Boyd, Jenny Boyd, Laura Boyd, Maxine Boyd, Namoi Boyle, Pauline Boyle, Rosalind Boyle, Louise Boyles, Osman Bozdag, Leanna Brace, David Brack, Charlotte Brackstone, Rob Bradburn, Jodie Bradder, Barry Bradley, Clare Jane Bradley, Pamela Bradley, Patrick Bradley, Paul Bradley, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Lynne Bradshaw, Sarah 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Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee F D Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Mark Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Julie Camsooksai, Ana Canabarro, Lisa Canclini, Shaula Mae Candido, Janie Candlish, Cielito Caneja, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Santino Capocci, Noemi Caponi, Angelika Capp, Anne Capps-Jenner, Thomas Capstick, Ishmael Carboo, Nuria Cardenas, Mary Cardwell, Rachel Carey, Simon Carley, Tammy Carlin, Andrew Carlton, Samantha Carmichael, Mandy Carnahan, Rebecca Carnegie, Charlotte Caroline, Emily Carpenter, Jodi Carpenter, David Carr, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Samantha Carrington, Zoe Carrington, Paul Carroll, Caroline Carron, Anne Carstairs, Jonathan Carter, Michael Carter, Moira Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Steven Carter, Simon 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Chandler, Kim J Chandler, Stuart Chandler, Zoe Chandler, Vikki Chandler-Vizard, Sumit Chandra, Navin Chandran, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, Cherry Chang, Yvonne Chang, Josephine Chaplin, Graeme Chapman, John Chapman, Katie Chapman, Laura Chapman, Lianne Chapman, Polly Chapman, Timothy Chapman, Lucy Chappell, Linda Chapple, Amanda Charalambou, Bethan Charles, Dianne Charlton, Sally Charlton, Kevin Chatar, Calvin Chatha, Ritesh Chaube, Muhammad YN Chaudhary, Iram Chaudhry, Nazia Chaudhuri, Muhammad Chaudhury, Anoop Chauhan, Ruchi S Chauhan, Vipul Chauhan, Nicola Chavasse, Iknam Chaven, Rosanna Chavez, Vipal Chawla, Maria Cheadle, Lindsay Cheater, James Cheaveau, Charlotte Cheeld, Michelle Cheeseman, Fang Chen, Hui Min Chen, Terence Chen, Lok Yin Cheng, Zhihang Cheng, Helen Chenoweth, Chun How Cheong, Shiney Cherian, Suzanne Cherif, Mary Cherrie, Helen Cheshire, Barry Chesterson, Betty Cheung, Chee Kay Cheung, Elaine Cheung, Michelle Cheung, Claire Cheyne, Swati Chhabra, Wei Ling Chia, Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Zviedzo A Chikwanha, Sam Chilcott, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen Jie Chin, Rumbidzai Chineka, Amol Chingale, Karen Chinn, Vashira Chiroma, Heather Chisem, Claire Chisenga, Ben Chisnall, Carolyn Chiswick, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Matthew Chiu, Brenda Chivima, Catherine Chmiel, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Vandana Choudhary, Sarah Choudhury, Bing-Lun Chow, Fateha Chowdhury, Mahibbur Chowdhury, Shahid Chowdhury, Victoria Christenssen, Peter Christian, Alexander Christides, Fiona Christie, Daniel Christmas, Thereza Christopherson, Mark Christy, Paris Chrysostomou, Yunli Chua, Shabs Chucha, Dip Chudgar, Richard Chudleigh, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Michael E Chukwu, Izu Chukwulobelu, Chi Y Chung, Ben Church, Elaine Church, Sara R Church, David Churchill, Nicole Cianci, Nick Ciccone, Paola Cicconi, Paola Cinardo, Zdenka Cipinova, Bessie Cipriano, Sarah Clamp, Melanie Clapham, Edel Clare, Sarbjit Clare, Andrew Clark, Charlotte Clark, Diane Clark, Felicity Clark, Gabrielle Clark, James Clark, Katherine Clark, Kaylea Clark, Louise Clark, Lucy Clark, Matthew Clark, Patricia Clark, Richard Clark, Thomas Clark, Wendy Clark, Zoe Clark, Andrea Clarke, Heather Clarke, Mark Clarke, Paul Clarke, Robert Clarke, Roseanne Clarke, Samantha Clarke, Sarah Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Tracy Clarke, Andrew Clarkson, Alleyna Claxton, Kate Clay, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Chris Cleaver, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Jayne Clements, Suzanne Clements, Francesca Clemons, Lee Clifford, Lynne Clifford, Rachael Clifford, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Jonathan Clouston, Samantha Clueit, Andrea Clyne, Michelle Coakley, Peter G L Coakley, Tony Coates, Kathryn Cobain, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Maeve Cockerell, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Olutoyin Coker, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan 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Cooper, Chris Cooper, David Cooper, Helen Cooper, Jamie Cooper, Joanne Cooper, Joshua Cooper, Laura Cooper, Lauren Cooper, Nick Cooper, Rowena Cooper, Emma Cooperwaite, Thomas Cope, Sinead Corbet, Carolyn Corbett, John Corcoran, Chris Cordell, Jessica Cordle, Alasdair Corfield, John Corless, Alison Corlett, Joe Cornwell, Michael Cornwell, Diana Corogeanu, Mirella Corredera, Ruth Corrigan, Catherine Corry, Rita Corser, Denise Cosgrove, Tracey Cosier, Patricia Costa, Charlie Coston, Susannah Cotgrove, Zoe Coton, Lisa-Jayne Cottam, Rhiannon Cotter, Donna Cotterill, Alice Cotton, Caroline Cotton, Katy Cotton, Andrew Coull, James Coulson, David Counsell, David Counter, Cherry Coupland, Ellie Courtney, Julia Courtney, Rebecca Cousins, Alexander Cowan, Elena Cowan, Ruth Cowburn, Richard Cowell, Louise Cowen, Steve Cowman, Amanda Cowton, Debra Anne Cox, Ellie Cox, Giles Cox, Karina Cox, Miriam Cox, Karen Coy, Beverly Craig, Victoria Craig, Felicity Craighead, Matthew Cramp, Beverley Crane, Jacolene Crause, Adrian Crawford, Angie Crawford, Emma Crawford, Isobel Crawford, Richard Crawforth, Sarah Crawshaw, Ben Creagh-Brown, Andrew Creamer, Ryan Creighton, Joanne Cremona, Saveria Cremona, Janet Cresswell, Mark Cribb, Charles Crichton, Declan Crilly, Lauren Crisp, Nikki Crisp, Dominic Crocombe, Maria Croft, Ian Cron, Derrick Crook, Jennifer Crooks, Helen Croot, Harriet Crosby, Sarah Cross, Tim Cross, Amy Crothers, Stephen Crotty, Susan Crouch, Madeleine Crow, Amanda Crowder, Kate Crowley, Teresa Crowley, Rebecca Croysdill, Callum Cruickshank, Conor Cruickshank, Irena Cruickshank, James Cruise, Helen Crumley, Carina Cruz, Trino Cruz Cervera, Dominic Cryans, Guanguo Cui, Helen Cui, Donna Cullen, Lorraine Cullen, Gillian Cummings-Fosong, Marie Cundall, Victoria Cunliffe, Lorraine Cunningham, Neil Cunningham, Nicola Cunningham, Jason Cupitt, Hollie Curgenven, Debra Curley, Gerens Curnow, David Curran, Simon Curran, Craig Currie, Jacqueline Currie, Scarlett Currie, Abi Curtis, 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Davies, Ffyon Davies, Helen Davies, James Davies, Jane Davies, Jeni Davies, Jim Davies, Karen Davies, Kelly Davies, Kim Davies, Louisa Davies, Mark Davies, Matthew Davies, Michelle Davies, Nina Davies, Owen Davies, Patrick Davies, Rachel Davies, Rhys Davies, Ruth Davies, Sarah Davies, Simon Davies, Alison Davis, Gwyneth Davis, Illinos Davis, Julie-Ann Davis, Katherine Davis, Peter Davis, Alexander Davison, Sophia Davison, Mark Davy, Christine Dawe, H Dawe, Mark Dawkins, Danielle Dawson, Elizabeth Dawson, Joy Dawson, Susan Dawson, Tom Dawson, Andrew Daxter, Andrew Day, Helena Day, Jacob Day, Jeremy Day, Lynn Day, Jamie D'Costa, Parijat De, Duneesha de Fonseka, Toni de Freitas, Frederico De Santana Miranda, Eleanor de Sausmarez, Shanika de Silva, Thushan de Silva, Jessica De Sousa, Paulo De Sousa, James de Souza, Anthony de Soyza, Natasha de Vere, Johannes de Vos, Bethan Deacon, Sharon Dealing, Anna Dean, Julie Dean, Katrina Dean, Stephen Dean, Tessa Dean, Jill Deane, James Dear, Effie Dearden, Alison Deary, Catherine Deas, Samuel Debbie, Gabor Debreceni, Vashist Deelchand, Matthew Deeley, Joanne Deery, Emmanuel Defever, Raji Dehulia, Max Deighton, Manuela Del Forno, Arnold Dela Rosa, Lisa Delaney, Amanda Dell, Carrie Demetriou, David DeMets, Jane Democratis, Jacqueline Denham, Emmanuelle Denis, Laura Denley, Craig Denmade, Kathy Dent, Martin Dent, Elise Denton, Tom Denwood, Nishigandh Deole, Darshita Depala, Maria Depante, Randle Derbyshire, Susan Dermody, Amisha Desai, Asmita Desai, Purav Desai, Sanjeev Deshpande, Vai Deshpande, Brendan Devine, Sirjana Devkota, Nicola Dewland, Prakash Dey, Vishal Dey, Rogin Deylami, Jazz Dhaliwal, Kevin Dhaliwal, Jas Dhalliwal, Mandeep Dhanda, Sundip Dhani, Amandeep Dhanoa, Mili Dhar, Devesh Dhasmana, Aman Dhesi, Ekanjali Dhillon, Reiss Dhillon, Pamela Diamond, Priya Dias, Stephanie Diaz, Kayleigh Diaz-Pratt, Debbie Dickerson, Pamela Dicks, Stuart Dickson, Julie Dijo, Sean Dillane, Sarah Diment, Paul Dimitri, Maria Dineen, ThaiHa 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Eagles, Joanne Early, Melissa Earwaker, Nicholas Easom, Clare East, Kim East, Amy Easthope, Fraser Easton, Caroline Eaton, Caroline Eaton-Howell, Ruth Eatough, Adrian Ebbs, Oluwadamilola Ebigbola, Daniel Ebner, Martin Ebon, Sinan Eccles, Chloe Eddings, Michael Eddleston, Maureen Edgar, Katharine Edgerley, Nicholas Edmond, Julie Edmonds, Dave Edmondson, Mary Edmondson, Tracy Edmunds, Alexandra Edwards, Catherine Edwards, Joy Edwards, Kennedy Edwards, Mandy Edwards, Tomos Edwards, Jenny Eedle, Dawn Egginton, Loveth Ehiorobo, Sarah Eisen, Ugochukwu Ekeowa, Mohamed Ekoi, Ayomide Ekunola, Soha El Behery, Moulod El-Agnaf, Mohamed Elbeshy, Kate El-Bouzidi, Jennifer Elder, Mohammed El-Din, Diana Eleanor, Ibrahim Eletu, Eman Elfar, Mayy Magdy Elgamal, Amr Elgohary, Stellios Elia, Jennifer Elias, Tania Elias, Nadia Elkaram, Mohammed El-Karim, Andrew Victor Elkins, Julie Ellam, Nikki Ellard, Laura Nicola Ellerton, Lucy Elliot, Amy Elliott, Chris Elliott, Fiona Elliott, Kerry Elliott, Scott Elliott, Toby Elliott, Annie Ellis, Ann-Marie Ellis, Christine Ellis, Kay Ellis, Kaytie Ellis, Tak-Yan Ellis, Yvette Ellis, Megan Ellison, Rahma Elmahdi, Einas Elmahi, Hannah-May Elmasry, Mohammed Elmi, Najla Elndari, Omer Elneima, Mohamed Elokl, Ahmed Elradi, Mohamed Elsaadany, Sally El-Sayeh, Hana El-Sbahi, Tarek Elsefi, Karim El-Shakankery, Robert Elshaw, Hosni El-Taweel, Sarah Elyoussfi, Jonathan Emberey, Jonathan R Emberson, John Emberton, Julian Emmanuel, Ingrid Emmerson, Michael Emms, Florence Emond, Marieke Emonts, Nicu Enachi, Angila Engden, Katy English, Emma Entwistle, Hene Enyi, Marios Erotocritou, Helen Escreet, Peter Eskander, Hanif Esmail, Lise Estcourt, Amy Evans, Brynach Evans, Chris Evans, Daren Evans, Debra Evans, Gail Evans, Gareth Evans, Jennifer Evans, Lisa Evans, Lynn Evans, Margaret Evans, Michelle Evans, Mim Evans, Morgan Evans, Ranoromanana Evans, Ryan Evans, Teriann Evans, Terry John Evans, Tony Eve, Caroline Everden, Serenydd Everden, Hayley Evison, Lynsey Evison, Penny Eyton-Jones, Jacqueline Faccenda, Leila Fahel, Youstina Fahmay, Sara Fairbairn, Terry Fairbairn, Andy Fairclough, Louise Fairlie, Mark Fairweather, Anne Fajardo, Naomi Falcone, Euan Falconer, Jonathan Falconer, John Fallon, Andrea Fallow, David Faluyi, Victoria Fancois, Qayyum Farah, Novin Fard, Amr Farg, Margaret Farinto, Adam Farmer, Katie Farmer, Toni Farmery, Samantha Farnworth, Faiyaz Farook, Hadia Farooq, Sidrah Farooq, Fiona Farquhar, Karen Farrar, Aaron Farrell, Barbara Farrell, James Farthing, Syeda Farzana, Rahmatu Fasina, Azam Fatemi, Mina Fatemi, Nibah Fatimah, Maria Faulkner, Saul N Faust, Joe Fawke, Sinmidele Fawohunre, Abul Fazal, Kelly Feane, Simon Fearby, Alex Feben, Federico Fedel, Daria Fedorova, James Feely-Henderson, Christopher Fegan, Mae Felongco, Lynsey Felton, Tim Felton, Kate Fenlon, Andrea Fenn, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Stephanie Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, 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Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Vincent Florence, Sharon Floyd, Kelly Flynn, Rachel Flynn, Sara Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Claire Foley, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Daniela Mock Font, Evodian Fonyonga, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Jamie Ford, Kathy Ford, Jennifer Foreman, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Julian Forton, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Theodora Foukanelli, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Caroline Fox, Claire Fox, Daniel Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Yasin Fozdar, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Jason Frankcam, Helen Frankland, Gayle Franklin, Jessica Franklin, Darron Franks, Catherine Fraser, Laura Fraser, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Matthew Free, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Ian Freestone, Eleanor French, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Claire Froneman, Adam Frosh, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Oliver Froud, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Jake Fryer, Janet Fu, Bridget Fuller, Liz Fuller, Neil Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Jenny Fullthorpe, Carrie Fung, Gayle Fung, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Charlene Furtado, Andrew Fyfe, Nytianandan G, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Diana Gabriel, Hadiza Gachi, Rose Gad, Joshua Gahir, Sarveen Gajebasia, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Zacharoula Galani, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, Rebecca Gale, Swetha Gali, Karen Galilee, Bernadette Gallagher, Jude Gallagher, Rosie Gallagher, William Gallagher, Joanne Galliford, Catherine Galloway, Chris Galloway, Emma Galloway, Jacqui Galloway, James Galloway, Laura Gamble, Liz Gamble, Brian Gammon, Jaikumar Ganapathi, Ramesh Ganapathy, Kaminiben Gandhi, Sarah Gandhi, Usha Ganesh, Abrar Gani, Emma-James Garden, Antoni D Gardener, Emma Gardiner, Jill Gardiner, Michael Gardiner, Phil Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Nathan Garlick, Justin Garner, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Kimberley Garnett, Robert Garney, Rosaline Garr, Michael Garstka, Peter Gartan, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Noha Gasmalseed, Michaela Gaspar, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Emma Gaywood, Catherine Geddie, Alison Geddis, Ian Gedge, Sarah Gee, Minerva Gellamucho, Karzan Gelly, Leila Gelmon, Sandra Gelves-Zapata, Gemma Genato, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Chloe George, Sam George, Tina George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Peter Gerard, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Louise Gethin, Hisham Ghanayem, Amardeep Ghattaoraya, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Sudhamay Ghosh, Sarra Giannopoulou, Malick Gibani, Andrew Gibb, Ben Gibbison, Kerry Gibbons, Alex Gibson, Bethan Gibson, Kimberley Gibson, Kirsty Gibson, Sian Gibson, Cat Gilbert, Jeanette Gilbert, Joanne Gilbert, Kayleigh Gilbert, Sean Gilchrist, Benjamin Giles, Mandy Gill, Rose Gill, Lynne Gill, Paul Gillen, Annelies Gillesen, Katherine Gillespie, Matt Gillespie, Elizabeth Gillham, Andrew Gillian, Deborah Gilliland, Robert Gillott, Danielle Gilmour, Kate Gilmour, Theodora Giokanini-Royal, Anna Gipson, Joanna Girling, Rhian Gisby, Angelena Gkioni, Aikaterini Gkoritsa, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Amy Gladwell, James Glanville, Jessica Glasgow, Susannah Glasgow, Jon Glass, Lynn Glass, Sharon Glaysher, Lisa Gledhill, Ana Glennon, John Glover, Kyle Glover, Jan Glover Bengtsson, Chevanthy Gnanalingam, Julie Goddard, Wendy Goddard, Emily Godden, Jo Godden, Gillian Godding, Emma Godson, Gerry Gogarty, Sukanya Gogoi, Aiky Goh, Rebeca Goiriz, Sriya Gokaraju, Philip Gold, Raphael Goldacre, Arthur Goldsmith, Portia Goldsmith, Darren Gomersall, Lucia Gomez, Raquel Gomez-Marcos, Ali Gondal, Celia Gonzalez, Jack Goodall, Bob Goodenough, Laura Goodfellow, James Goodlife, Camelia Goodwin, Elizabeth Goodwin, Jayne Goodwin, Paula Goodyear, Rajiv Gooentilleke, Sharif Goolam-Hossen, Michelle Goonasekara, Sheila Gooseman, Shameer Gopal, Peter Gordon, Sally Gordon, Hugh Gorick, Caitlin Gorman, Claire Gorman, Stuart Gormely, Diana Gorog, Jan Gorry, Michelle Gorst, Thomas Gorsuch, Jayshreebahen Gosai, Rebecca Gosling, Sally Gosling, Georgina Gosney, Vanessa Goss, Dzintars Gotham, Naomi Gott, Elizabeth Goudie, Amanda Gould, Angela Gould, Susan Gould, Lysander Gourbault, Anna Gouveia, Abha Govind, Sharon Gowans, Girish Gowda, Rohit Gowda, Pauline Gowdy, Hannah Gower, Thomas Gower, Pankaj Goyal, Sunil Goyal, Sushant Goyal, Beverley Graham, Clive Graham, Jane Graham, Jonathan Graham, Justin Graham, Libby Graham, Sharon Graham, Matthew Graham-Brown, Julia Grahamslaw, Gianluca Grana, Tracyanne Grandison, Louis Grandjean, Alison Grant, Ann Grant, David Grant, 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Jennie Hale, Carmel Halevy, Paul Halford, William Halford, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Claire Hall, Elizabeth Hall, Emma Hall, Fiona Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Bill Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Becky-Lee Halls, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Bilal Hameed, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Nicola Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Beatrice Hammans, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Leah Hammond, Sara Hammond, Fiona Hammonds, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, Elizabeth Hampson, Jude Hampson, Lucy Hampson, Ozan Hanci, Ian Hancock, Sadiyah Hand, Jasmine Handford, Soran Handrean, Sarah Haney, Sheharyar Hanif, E Hanison, Alison Hanlon, Jennifer Hannah, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Anita Hanson, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Steve Hanson, Helen Hanwell, Mazhar Ul Haq, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Lesley Harden, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Joanna Hardy, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, Carolyn Hargreaves, Emily Hargreaves, James Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Sandra Harlow, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Fiona Harper, Heather Harper, Melanie Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Naomi Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris, Alex Harrison, David Harrison, Julie Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Heli Harvala, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Brigitte Haselden, Kazi Hashem, Mohammed Hashimm, Tadaaki Hashimoto, Imranullah Hashmi, Sarah Haskins, Zena Haslam, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Wagae UI Hassan, Waqar Ul Hassan, Sapna Hassasing, Jane Hassell, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Janice Hastings, Stephanie Hatch, Jonathan Hatton, Sheryl Haviland, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Daniel B Hawcutt, Kadean Hawes, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Annie Hawkins, Catherine Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, Tanya Hawkins, Dan Hawley, Ed Hawley-Jones, Edward Haworth, Cathy Hay, Amna Hayat, Jamal Hayat, Mohamed-Riyal Hayathu, Tamsin Haydon, Anne Hayes, Jonas Hayes, Kate Hayes, Melony Hayes, Vanessa Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Patrick Hayle, Chloe Haylett, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Sarah Haysom, James Hayward, Patrick Haywood, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Amy Hearn, Angela Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Kerry Hebbron, Gemma Hector, Andy Hedges, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Rajdeep Heire, Ulla Hemmila, Cassie Hemmings, Scott 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Hill, Phoebe Hill, Uta Hill, Annette Hilldrith, Elizabeth Hillerby, Catherine Hillman-Cooper, Elisabeth Hilton, Zoe Hilton, Sarah Hinch, Marcus Hinde, Andrew Hindle, Alice Hindmarsh, Paul Hine, Kim Hinshaw, Clare Hird, Alison Hirst, Jemma Hives, Benson Ho, Michaela Hoare, David Hobden, Gill Hobden, Maria Hobrok, Simon Hobson, Renate Hodge, Simon Hodge, Lesley Hodgen, Holly Hodgkins, Louise Hodgkinson, Sally Hodgkinson, David Hodgson, Helen Hodgson, Luke Hodgson, Sheila Hodgson, Gemma Hodkinson, Kenneth Hodson, Matthew Hogben, Lucy Hogg, Lee Hoggett, Abigail Holborow, Catherine Holbrook, Catherine Holden, Melinda Holden, Thomas Holder, Niels Holdhof, Hannah Holdsworth, Lisa Holland, Maureen Holland, Nicky Holland, Marie Hollands, Elizabeth Holliday, Nina Holling, Gillian Hollis, Laszlo Hollos, Linda Holloway, Simon Holloway, Marcus Hollyer, Amy Holman, Ann Holmes, Benjamin Holmes, Megan Holmes, Raphael Holmes, Rebecca Holmes, Kelly Holroyd, Caroline Holt, Lyndsey Holt, Siobhan Holt, Susie Holt, Alexandra Holyome, Marie Home, Toni Home, Renate Homewood, Kate Hong, Laura Hontoria del Hoyo, Clare Hooper, Sarah Hoosdally, Samantha Hope, Susan Hope, Bridget Hopkins, Peter W Horby, Stephanie Horler, Anil Hormis, Daniel Hornan, Nicola Hornby, Zoey Horne, Latoya Horsford, Megan Horsford, Mark Horsford, Valana Horsham, Alexander Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Nicola Horton-Turner, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Leanne Hostler, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Brittany Houghton, Catherine Houghton, Iain Houghton, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Angela Houston, Hamish Houston, Tawedzegwa Hove, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Sarah Howard, Stuart Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Alison Howarth, Diane Howarth, Serena Howe, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Kerry Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Joanne Hoyle, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Naing Zaya Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Chiang Ooi Huah Huah, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Alex Hudson, Cara Hudson, Heather Hudson, Peter Hudson, Oli Hudson, Alison Hufton, Connor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Eithne Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Grace Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Laura Humber, Megan Hume, Charlotte Humphrey, Ismay Humphreys, Alasdair Humphries, Joanne Humphries, Lena Hunold, Fiona Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Sophie Hunt, Al Hunter, Alexandra Hunter, Isobel Hunter, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, George Huntington, Elizabeth Hurditch, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Yusra Husaini, Coralie Huson, Afreen Hussain, Ibraar Hussain, Ifza Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Sajid Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Wasim Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Raheem Hussein, Rebecca Hussey, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Mazen Ibraheim, Abdalla Ibrahim, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Monzeer Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Adetokunbo I Idowu, Muhammad Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Mawara Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Mary Ilsley, Lorna Ilves, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Christopher Imray, Alison Imtiaz, Haider Imtiaz, Claire Ingall, Jack Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Jennifer Inglis, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Peter Inns, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana Ionita, Ilian P Iordanov, Anil Ipe, Adil Iqbal, Madiha Iqbal, Mohammed Iqbal, Faisal Iqbal Sait, Jane Ireland, Robert Irons, Mohannad Irshad, Muhammad S Irshad, Janice Irvine, Val Irvine, Pamela Irving, Robert Irving, Mina Ishak, Erica Isherwood, Aminul Islam, Abdurrahman Islim, Ali Ismail, Omar Ismail, Caroline Ison, M'hamedi Israa, Sharon Isralls, Ali Issa, Monica Ivan, Catrina Ivel, Chineze Ivenso, Ashleigh Ivy, Sophie Iwanikiw, Karen Ixer, Menaka Iyer, Mia Iyer, Calum Jack, Amanda Jackson, Anthony Jackson, Ben Jackson, Beth Jackson, Douglas Jackson, Ella Jackson, Hayley Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jane Jackson, Julie Jackson, Karin Jackson, Lauren Jackson, Melanie Jackson, Nicola Jackson, Shane Jackson, Sharon Jackson, Nikita Jacob, Patricia Jacob, Reni Jacob, Nicola Jacques, Terri-Lisa Jacques-Brown, Anisa Jafar, Daniel Jafferji, Ali Jaffery, Chandrashekar Jagadish, Vijay Jagannathan, Sam Jaggard, Mandeep Jagpal, Fernandez R Jaime, Neemisha Jain, Seema Jain, Susan Jain, Sanjay Jaiswal, Danyal Jajbhay, Thomas Jaki, Bintou Jallow, Yusuf Jaly, Sabine Jamal, Zeba Jamal, Yasmin Jameel, Albie James, Christie James, Kate James, Lee James, Linda James, Mark James, Nicholas James, Olivia James, Rebecca James, Ruth James, Tracy James, Jack Jameson, Aaron Jamison, Phoebe Jane, Azara Janmohamed, Sabrina Jansz, Deepa Japp, Lorraine Jappy, Victor Jardim, Catherine Jardine, Emma Jarnell, Ellie Jarvie, Ann Jarvis, Claire Jarvis, Lisa Jarvis, Rosina Jarvis, Patrycja Jastrzebska, Hafsa Javed, Mays Jawad, Lona Jawaheer, Kauky Jawaid, Anu Jayachandran, Dinakaran Jayachandran, Angelina Jayakumar, Deepak Jayaram, Ravi Jayaram, Geeshath Jayasekera, Thilina Jayatilleke, Abi Jayebalan, Saman Jeddi, Vandana Jeebun, Mohammad S Jeelani, Zeynab Jeewa, Emma Jefferson, Katie Jeffery, Helen Jeffrey, Jenni Jeffrey, Rachel Jeffrey, Sue Jeffrey, Nathan Jeffreys, Benjamin Jeffs, Debbie Jegede, Taylor Jemima, Ifan Jenkin, Alison Jenkins, Christopher Jenkins, David Jenkins, Elinor Jenkins, Sarah Jenkins, Sian Jenkins, Stephen Jenkins, Jacqui Jennings, Louise Jennings, Rebecca Jennings, Virginia Jennings, Ellen Jerome, Douglas Jerry, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Jorge Antonio Jesus Silva, Champa Jetha, Kishan Jethwa, Jeby Jeyachandran, Visuvanathan Jeyakumar, Dharshana Jeyapalan, Shaman Jhanji, Khoo Jian, Zhixin Jiao, Laura Jimenez, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Navin John, Sarah John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Anne-Marie Johnson, Antoinette Johnson, David Johnson, Emma Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Katie Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Nelsonseelan Johnson, Oliver Johnson, Rachel Johnson, Tracy Johnson, Zoe Johnson, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Laura Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed Johnstone, Janet Johnstone, Manohar Joishy, Adam Jones, Alistair Jones, Annabel Jones, Ben Jones, Bryony Jones, Carys Jones, Ceri Jones, Charlotte Jones, Christine E Jones, Debra Jones, Emily Jones, Gareth Jones, Geraldine Jones, Hazel Jones, Jac Jones, James Jones, Jamie Jones, Jessica Jones, Jonathon Jones, Julie Jones, Karen Jones, Kate E Jones, Kevin Jones, Laura Jones, Laura M Jones, Lorna Jones, Louise Jones, Mathew Jones, Nicola Jones, Paul Jones, Rhianna Jones, Ruth E Jones, Samantha Jones, Sophie Jones, Stefanie Jones, Steve Jones, Taya Jones, Tim Jones, Tracey Jones, Ramya Jonnalagadda, Rebecca Jordache, Annette Jose, Sanal Jose, Anna Joseph, Joseph Joseph, Rosane Joseph, Sibet Joseph, Dhaara Joshi, Mehul Joshi, Pratichi Joshi, Revati Joshi, Benz Josiah, Tiffany Joyce, Adriel Ju Wen Kwek, Edward Jude, Parminder Judge, Jessica Juhl, Sirisha Jujjavarapu, Mark Juniper, Edmund Juszczak, Deepthi Jyothish, Kasamu Kabiru Dawa, Mark Kacar, Katarina Kacinova, Nikhil Kadam, Rebecca Kahari, Gail Kakoullis, Azad Kala Bhushan, Richard JK Kalayi, Roobala Kaliannan Periyasami, Efthymia Kallistrou, Seika Kalsoom, Elisa Kam, John Kamara, Mohamed Kamara, Ajay Kamath, Prakash Kamath, Ravindra Kamath, Siddharth Arun Kamerkar, Nick Kametas, Musaiwale Kamfose, Arul Kandaswamy, Leia Kane, Osei Kankam, Thogulava Kannan, Abhinav Kant, Vikas Kapil, Ritoo Kapoor, Sonal Kapoor, Sourjya Kar, Janaka Kara, Vasita Kara, Marina Karakantza, Rona Kark, Nicholas Karunaratne, Natashja Kasianczuk, Vidya Kasipandian, Rizwan Kassam, Janarth Kathirgamachelvam, Victoria Katsande, Kulbinder Kaul, Daljit Kaur, Dervinder Kaur, Jasmin Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur, Satvinder Kaur, Zunaira Kausar, Mohammad AA Kawser, Andrea Kay, Sarah Kay, Jossy N Kayappurathu, Callum Kaye, Ahemd Kazeem, Naved Kazi, Sharon Kaznica, Samantha Kearley, Rachel Kearns, Nichola Kearsley, Joanne Keating, John Keating, Liza Keating, Elizabeth Keddie-Gray, Katie Keen, Natalie Keenan, Jonathan Kefas, Stephen Kegg, Laura Keith, Uzoamaka Keke, Tosin Kelani, Joanne Kellett, Jeremy Kellington, Alison Kelly, Conor Kelly, David Kelly, Diane Kelly, Dominic Kelly, Emma Kelly, Laura Kelly, Martin Kelly, Michael Kelly, Rosalind Kelly, Sinead Kelly, Stephen Kelly, Thomas Kelly, Mary Kelly-Baxter, Marketa Keltos, Timothy Kemp, Kelly Kemsley, Alexandra Kendall-Smith, Sarah Kennard, Ann Kennedy, Caroline Kennedy, James Kennedy, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, Julia Kenny, Kelly Kent, Melanie Kent, Lynne Keogan, Alexander Keough, Clement Kerlin, A Kerr, Andrew Kerr, Maria Kerr, Caroline Kerrison, Anthony Kerry, Samantha Kershaw, Helen Kerslake, Ian Kerslake, Helen Kerss, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Margaret Kevern, Georgina Keyte, Abdul Khadar, Ali Khalid, Muhammad U Khalid, Syed Khalid, Amir Khalil, Asma Khalil, Sijjad Khalil, Abubakar Khan, Ali Khan, Al-Imran Khan, Arham Khan, Asad Khan, Aurangzeb Khan, Burhan Khan, Camran Khan, Fatimah Khan, Kausik Khan, Malik Aamaz Khan, Marria Khan, Mehrunnisha Khan, Mohammad Khan, Mohammed Khan, Nayeem Khan, Omar Khan, Rahe Khan, Rahila Khan, Sabiya Khan, Shabana Khan, Shahul Khan, Shoaib Khan, Tasaduksultan Khan, Waseem Khan, Usman F Khatana, Jibran Khatri, Jyoti Khatri, Hafiza Khatun, Taslima Khatun, Mena Kheia, Jacyntha Khera, Htet Ei Khin, Najaf Khoja, Kiran Khokhar, Jayne Khorsandi, Chloe Khurana, Faith Kibutu, Andrew Kidd, Michelle Kidd, Joe Kidney, Shane Kidney, Will Kieffer, James Kilbane, Caroline Kilby, 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Korcierz, James Korolewicz, George Koshy, Chris Kosmidis, Jalpa Kotecha, Easwari Kothandaraman, Leonidas Koukouflis, Koushan Kouranloo, Rukhsana Kousar'c, Margarita Kousteni, Maja Kovac, Alex Kozak Eskenazia, Kestutis Krasauskas, Raghu Krishnamurthy, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Manju Krishnan, Hari Krishnan, Suzanne Krizak, Sean Krupej, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Soren Kudsk-Iversen, Aurimas Kudzinskas, Chirag Kukadiya, Nainesha Kulkarni, Aditi Kumar, Mayur Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Rita Kumar, Rupa Kumar, Satish Kumar, Vimal Kumar, Arun Kundu, Heinke Kunst, Amit Kurani, Mohammed Kurdy, Rincy Kurian, Vimal Kurmars, Cameron Kuronen-Stewart, Ranganai S Kusangaya, Vlad Kushakovsky, Mandy Kuunal, Apexa Kuverji, Amma Kyei-Mensah, Thyra Kyere-Diabour, Moe Kyi, Nyan M Kyi, Laura Kyle, Karali-Tsilimpari Kyriaki, Julius Labao, Louise Lacey, Nikki Lack, Emma Ladlow, Heather Lafferty, Shondipon Laha, Sushil Lahane, Clement Lai, James Lai, Emma Laing, Robert Laing, Inez Laing-Faiers, Emily Laity, Michelle Lake, Nicki Lakeman, David Lalloo, Fiona Lalloo, Alison Lam, Fiona Lamb, Lucy Lamb, Thomas Lamb, Nick Lambe, Pauline Lambert, Claudia Lameirinhas, Mohammed KG Lami, Abigail Lamikanra, Holly Lamont, Michal Lamparski, Djillali Lamrani, Christine Lanaghan, Rebecca Lanaway, Ivone Lancona-Malcolm, Julia Lancut, Geraldine Landers, Martin J Landray, Matthew Lane, Nicholas Lane, Alidih Lang, Stephen Lang, Daniel Langer, Margaret Langley, Charles Langoya, Emily Langthorne, Taiya Large, Wojciech Lason, Anna Last, Scott Latham, John Latham-Mollart, Afzal Latheef, Darren Latimer, Nang Latt, Carly-Jane Lattimore, Dawn Lau, Eva Lau, Myra Laurenson, Hou Law, Jennifer Law, Jessica Law, Penny Law, Richard Law, Colin Lawler, Mark Lawley, Emma Lawrence, Jo Lawrence, Neil Lawrence, Ryan Lawrie, Jemima Lawson, Joanne Lawson, Louise Lawson, Rebecca Lawton, Michael Lay, Christine Laycock, Reina Layug, Maria Lazo, Vietland Le, Amelia Lea, William Lea, Ian Leadbitter, Thomas Leahy, Richard Lean, Lorna Leandro, Darren Leaning, Sandra Leason, Christina Leaver, Marie Anne Ledingham, Emma Lee, Hannah Lee, Irish Lee, Judith Lee, Sam Lee, Shi Han Lee, Simon Lee, Sindy Lee, Stephanie Lee, Tracey Lee, Xiang Lee, Diana Lees, Jennifer Lees, Helen Legge, Julian Leggett, Katie Leigh-Ellis, Kevan Leighton, Nicky Leitch, Eleni Lekoudis, Petula Lemessy, Nicholas Lemoine, Joana Lemos, Irina Lenchuk, Katy Leng, Katrina Lennon, Liz Lennon, Isabel Lentell, Kelly Leonard, Wen Leong, Nicky Leopold, Oskar Lepiarczyk, Isla Leslie, Eleni Lester, Joe Leung, Ullrich Leuschner, Emma Levell, Chris Levett, Alice Lewin, Michaela Lewin, Alison Lewis, David Lewis, Dee Lewis, Georgina Lewis, Gillian Lewis, Joanne Lewis, Joseph Lewis, Kathryn Lewis, Keir Lewis, Leon Lewis, Lisa Lewis, Marissa Lewis, Rob Lewis, Robert Lewis, Catherine Lewis-Clarke, Lorraine Lewis-Prosser, Katherine Lewiston, Adam Lewszuk, Penny Lewthwaite, Samantha Ley, Anna Li, Jenny Li, Angela Liao, Victoria Licence, David Lieberman, Susan 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Kaatje Lomme, Emily London, Gabriella Long, Natalie Long, Bev Longhurst, Mark Longshaw, Jennifer Lonnen, Caroline Lonsdale, Laura Looby, Ronda Loosley, Paola Lopez, Paula Lopez, Robert Lord, Stuart Lord, Laura Lordache, Kieron Loregnard, Catherine Lorenzen, Claire Lorimer, Francesco Loro, Rachel Lorusso, Eva Loutraris, Robert Loveless, Maxine Lovell, Angeliki Loverdou, Huw Lovett, Daniel Loveys, Andrew Low, Jen Mae Low, Alastair Lowe, Caroline Lowe, Catherine Lowe, Emily Lowe, Faye Lowe, Michael Lowe, Linda Lowrey, Richard Lowsby, Vicki Lowthorpe, Emma Loxley, Gamu Lubimbi, Alexandra Lubina Solomon, Georgia Lucas, Jacob Lucas, Alice Lucey, Olivia Lucey, Suzanne Luck, H Luke, Jane Luke, Hayley Lund, Apurva Lunia, Muriel Lunn, Ji Luo, Julia Lussier, Cindy Nisha Luximon, Elisa Ly, Barrie Lyell, Elisavet Lyka, Sarah Lymn, Audrey Lynas, Ceri Lynch, Daniel Lynch, Daniella Lynch, Stephen Lynch, Helen Lyon, Rea-Grace Maamari, Hannah Mabb, Louies Mabelin, Jessica Macaro, Angela Macauley, Kateryna Macconaill, Chloe Macdonald, Stuart MacDonald, Tania MacDonald, Claire Macfadyen, James G Macfarlane, Jill Macfarlane, Laura Macfarlane, Cara MacGuigan, Lisa MacInnes, Iain MacIntyre, Jill MacIntyre, Kirsten Mack, Callum Mackay, Euan Mackay, Laura Mackay, Alexander Mackenzie, Matt Mackenzie, Robert MacKenzie Ross, Ami Mackey, Patricia Mackey, Fiona Mackie, Robert Mackie, Carolyn Mackinlay, Claire Mackintosh, Katherine Mackintosh, Sheila MacLennan, Mary Joan MacLeod, Michael Macmahon, Andrew MacNair, Catherine Macphee, Iain Macpherson, Catriona Macrae, Allan MacRaild, Eilidh MacVean, Alannah Madden, Mary Madden, Norman Madeja, Karen Madgwick, Pradeep Madhivathanan, Madhavi Madhusudhana, Harriet Madiyiko, Alpha Madu, Lorraine Madziva, Marion Mafham, Nick Magee, Frederick Magezi, Tim Maggs, Negar Maghsoodi, Christopher Magier, Marios Magriplis, Kathryn Maguire, Natasha Mahabir, Subramanian Mahadevan-Bava, Anjanie Maharajh, Ajit Mahaveer, Bal Mahay, Kanta Mahay, Hibo Mahdi, 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Margarit, Georgios Margaritopoulos, Mike Margarson, Fernandez M Maria del Rocio, Teresa Maria Pfyl, Victor Mariano, Helen Maria-Osborn, Ashleigh Maric, Grace Markham, John Markham, Maria Marks, Pamela Marks, Elisabeth Marouzet, Arran Marriott, Cheryl Marriott, Nemonie Marriott, Brian Marsden, Karen Marsden, Paul Marsden, Sarah Marsden, Tracy Marsden, Robyn Marsh, Adam Marshall, Andrew Marshall, Gail Marshall, Henry Marshall, Jaimie Marshall, James Marshall, Jenna Marshall, Nicola Marshall, Riley Marshall, Jennifer Marshall, Samantha Marston, Emmeline Martin, Hayley Martin, Hope Martin, Jane Martin, Karen Martin, Kate Martin, Laila Martin, Michael Martin, Noelia Martin, Tim Martin, Winston Martin, Sarah Martin, Tim Martindale, Marcus Martineau, Alexander Martinez, Lauren Martinez, Jose Carlos Martinez Garrido, Juan Martin-Lazaro, Olivia Martins, Lucas Martins Ferreira, Vijay Kumar Maruthamuthu, Gemma Maryan, Roman Mary-Genetu, Sam Maryosh, Vidan Masani, Diego Maseda, Sheila Mashate, Yasaman Mashhoudi, Al Mashta, Izhaq Masih, Sanna Masih, Nick Maskell, Perry Maskell, Matthew Masoli, Lynn Mason, Rebecca Mason, Richard Mason, Ruth Mason, Claire Mason, Mohammad Masood, Mohammad T Masood, Syed Masood, Syed SME Masood, Aaqib Masud, Lear Matapure, Cristina Matei, Ropafadzo Matewe, Manraj Matharu, Stephy Mathen, Alex Mather, Nicole Mather, Jonathan Mathers, Joanna Matheson, Amal Mathew, Anna Mathew, Moncy Mathew, Verghese Mathew, Caroline Mathews, Jesha Mathews, Kate Mathias, Marion Mathie, Darwin Matila, Wadzanai Matimba-Mupaya, Nashaba Matin, Elina Matisa, Max Matonhodze, Elijah Matovu, Jaysankar Mattappillil, Alison J Matthews, Heather Matthews, Helen Matthews, Sue Matthews, Gwynn Matthias, Fiona Maxton, Adam Maxwell, Gemma Maxwell, Veronica Maxwell, James May, Joanne May, Oliver May, Philippa May, Irving Mayanagao, Matthew Maycock, Graham Mayers, Lee Maynard, Shelley Mayor, Ibreaheim Mazen, Andrea Mazzella, Nyambura Mburu, Mercy Mbwembwe, Martyn McAdam, Eleanor 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Noorann Sheikh, Laura Sheldon, Benjamin Shelley, Sarah Shelton, Anil Shenoy, Julie Shenton, Amy Shepherd, Kate Shepherd, Lorna Shepherd, Scott Shepherd, Rhian Sheppeard, Helen Sheridan, Ray Sheridan, Samuel Sherridan, Leanne Sherris, Susanna Sherwin, Shaad Shibly, Roger Shiers, Chiaki Shioi, Anand Shirgaonkar, Kim Shirley, Adebusola Shonubi, Angela Short, Richard Shortland, Rob Shortman, Rohan Shotton, Sarah Shotton, Ervin Shpuza, Nora Shrestha, Karen Shuker, Jack Shurmer, Gilbert Siame, Loria Siamia, Zanele Sibanda, Claire Sidaway, Seshnag Siddavaram, Nasir Siddique, Sohail Siddique, Nyma Sikondari, Claudia Silva Moniz, Mike Silverstone, Malcolm Sim, Theresa Simangan, Vimbai Simbi, Robert Sime, Oliver Simmons, Richard Simms, Merritt Simon, Natalie Simon, Angela Simpson, Anna Simpson, Danny Simpson, Georgina Simpson, Joanne Simpson, John Simpson, Kerry Simpson, Phillip Simpson, Thomas Simpson, Andrew Simpson, Kathryn Simpson, Cindy Sing, Ankita Singh, Claire Singh, Jayaprakash Singh, Jyoti Singh, Lokeshwar Singh, Manjeet Singh, Nadira Singh, Pankaj Singh, Prabhsimran Singh, Salil Singh, Saurabh Singh, Parag Singhal, Bryan Singizi, Manas Sinha, Utkarsh Sinha, Guy Sisson, Sarah Sithiravel, Karthikadevi Sivakumar, Shanmugasundaram Sivakumar, Darsh Sivakumran, Sivanthi Sivanadarajah, Pasupathy-Rajah Sivasothy, Rebecca Sivers, Alison Sivyer, Nicole Skehan, Robert Skelly, Orlagh Skelton, Imogen Skene, Michael J Skill, Denise Skinner, Tabitha Skinner, Victoria Skinner, Agnieszka Skorko, Iwona Skorupinska, Mariola Skorupinska, Amy Slack, Katie Slack, Wendy Slack, Heather Slade, Helen Slade, Mark Slade, Helen Slater, Lynda Slater, Nicola Slawson, Andrew Sloan, Brendan Sloan, Derek Sloan, Geraldine Sloane, Benjamin Small, Ellen Small, Emma Small, Samuel Small, Karen D Smallshaw, Andy Smallwood, Carien Smit, Aileen Smith, Alex Smith, Amanda Smith, Amy Smith, Andrew Smith, Anna Smith, Camilla Smith, Catherine Smith, Chris Smith, Christopher Smith, Dominic Smith, Eleanor Smith, Harriet Smith, Hazel Smith, Helen Smith, Jacky Smith, Janice Smith, Jessica Smith, Juliet Smith, Karen Smith, Kate Smith, Kathryn Smith, Katie Smith, Kelly Smith, Kerry Smith, Lara Smith, Linda Smith, Lisa Smith, Loren Smith, Maria Smith, Mel Smith, Oliver Smith, Rachel Smith, Rebecca Smith, Richard Smith, Ruth Smith, Sally Smith, Samantha Smith, Stacey Smith, Stephanie Smith, Susan Smith, Imogen Smith, John Smith, Gemma Smithson, Sue Smolen, Sara Smuts, Naoise Smyth, Annette Snell, David Snell, Luke Snell, Beng So, Michelle Soan, Toluleyi Sobande, Alberto Sobrino Diaz, Basit Sohail, Bina Sohail, Herminder Sohal, Roy Soiza, Mary Sokolowski, Olajumoke Solademi, Krishma Solanki, Babak Soleimani, Amanda Solesbury, Reanne Solly, Louise Solomon, Subash Somalanka, Chandrashekaraiah Somashekar, Raj Sonia, Shiu-Ching Soo, Deepti Sood, Pavandeep Soor, Germanda Soothill, Jennifer Soren, Youssef Sorour, Apina Sothinathan, Pragalathan Sothirajah, Najwa Soussi, Donna Southam, David Southern, Iain Southern, Louise Southern, Sara M Southin, Jessica Southwell, Thomas Southworth, Jason Sowter, Claudia Spalding, Enti Spata, Katie Spears, Mark Spears, John Spence, Michelle Spence, Branwell Spencer, Gisele Spencer, Sue Spencer, Tom Spencer, Helen Spicer, Rose Spicer, Helen Spickett, Jennifer Spillane, William Spiller, Kerry Spinks, Michelle Spinks, Nick Spittle, Johanna Sporrer, Karen Spreckley, Janet Spriggs, Oliver Spring, Scott Springworth, Gemma Squires, Jack Squires, Rebecca Squires, Ram Sreenivasan, K Sri Paranthamen, Ramesh Srinivasan, Asha Srirajamadhuveeti, Vino Srirathan, Chloe Stacey, Sybil Stacpoole, Louise Stadon, Tony Staincliffe, Jocasta Staines, Nikki Staines, Katie Stammers, Roxana Stanciu, Grazyna Stanczuk, Helen Stannard, Edward Stanton, Robyn Staples, Simon Stapley, Natalie Staplin, Adam Stark, Michelle Starr, Julie Staves, Rached Stead, Anthea Steel, Charlotte Steel, Conor Steele, John Steer, Vergnano Stefania, Paula Stefanowska, Katie Steinert, Caroline Stemp, Alison Stephens, David Stephensen, Elaine Stephenson, Monique Sterrenburg, Georgia Stevens, Guy Stevens, Melanie Stevens, Will Stevens, Amy Stevenson, Andrew Stevenson, Elaine Stevenson, Lesley Stevenson, Sarah Stevenson, Amanda Stewart, Claire Stewart, Colin Stewart, McKenna Stewart, Rachel Stewart, Rebecca Stewart, Richard Stewart, Jo Stickley, Gemma Stiller, Robert Stirk, Sarah Stirrup, Sarah Stock, Alexander Stockdale, Lynne Stockham, Paul Stockton, Emma Stoddard, Chris Stokes, Ben Stone, Roisin Stone, Sarah Stone, Imogen Storey, Kim Storton, Frederick Stourton, Angela Strachan, Catherine Strait, Ellen Strakosch, Emma Stratton, Jane Stratton, Sam Straw, Luke Streeter, Dieter Streit, Emma Stride, Sally Stringer, Sophia Strong-Sheldrake, Siske Struik, Carmel Stuart, Anna Stubbs, Harrison Stubbs, Ann Sturdy, Sharon Sturney, Matt Stuttard, Cristina Suarez, Karuna Subba, Christian P Subbe, Manjula Subramanian, Venkatram Subramanian, Chinari Subudhi, Rebecca Suckling, Srivatsan Sudershan, Lee Sudlow, Gayle Sugden, Peter Sugden, Rudresh Sukla, Ali Suliman, Fatimah Suliman, Ian Sullivan, Sugrah Sultan, Jennifer Summers, Mark Summerton, Samyukta Sundar, Reka Sundhar, Edmond Sung, Nadia Sunni, Jay Suntharalingam, Amitava Sur, Dharmic Suresh, Shilpa Suresh, Rachel Suri, Michael Surtees, Danielle Suter, Helen Sutherland, Rachel Sutherland, Rebecca Sutherland, Dovile Sutinyte, Deborah Sutton, John Sutton, Sam Sutton, Mihaela Sutu, Marie-Louise Svensson, Sima Svirpliene, Andrew Swain, Thomas Swaine, Christopher Swales, Lorna Swan, Nicola Swarbrick, Tirion Swart, Stephen Sweetman, Samaher Sweity, Ealish Swift, Paul Swift, Pauline Swift, Peter Swift, Rachael Swift, Rachel Swingler, Sophie Swinhoe, Katarzyna Swist-Szulik, Luke Swithenbank, Omair Syed, Catriona Sykes, Daisy Sykes, Eliot Sykes, Luke Sylvester, Dominic Symon, Andrew Syndercombe, Zoe Syrimi, Jen Syson, Gemma Szabo, Tamas Szakmany, Megan Szekely, Matthew Szeto, Maria Tadros, Amr Tageldin, Lucy Tague, Hasan Tahir, Muhammad Tahir, Silvia Taibo, Zsofia Takats, Abigail Takyi, Peter Talbot, Alison Talbot -Smith, James Talbot-Ponsonby, Richard Tallent, Bradley Tallon, Phoebe Tamblin-Hopper, Adrian Tan, Bee T Tan, Hock Tan, Huey Tan, Jade Tan, Keith Tan, WeiTeen Tan, Anand Tana, Xiaohui Tang, Christina Tanney, Tabitha Tanqueray, Emma Tanton, Ran Tao, Mark Taplin, Hayley Tarft, Priyal Taribagil, Obaid Tarin, Syed Tariq, Zeeshan Tariq, David Tarpey, Lisa Tarrant, Antonia Tasiou, Elizabeth Tatam, Margaret L Tate, Kate Tatham, Vera Tavoukjian, Alexander Taylor, Beverley Taylor, Brian Taylor, Charlie Taylor, Charlotte Taylor, David Taylor, Elisabeth Taylor, Janet Taylor, Jennifer Taylor, Joanne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Karen Taylor, Leanne Taylor, Margaret Taylor, Matthew Taylor, Melanie Taylor, Natalie Taylor, Rachael Taylor, Rachel Taylor, Samantha Taylor, Suzanne Taylor, Tina Taylor, Tracey Taylor, Vicky Taylor, Michelle Taylor-Siddons, Thomas Taynton, Amelia Te, Jessica Teasdale, Julie Tebbutt, Caroline Tee, Rajni Tejwani, Seble Tekle, Adam Telfer, Vibha Teli, Jennifer Tempany, Holly Templar, Julie Temple, Natalie Temple, Helen Tench, Yi He Teoh, Lynne Terrett, Louise Terry, Abbi Tervit, Dariusz Tetla, Kate Tettmar, Shirish Tewari, Daniel Tewkesbury, Joana Texeira, ChiaLing Tey, Clare Thakker, Manish Thakker, Amirtharajh Tharmakulasingam, Hilary Thatcher, Andrew Thayanandan, Krishna Thazhatheyil, Eaint Thein, Lambrini Theocharidou, Phyu Thet, Kapeendran Thevarajah, Mayooran Thevendra, Nang Thiri Phoo, Yvette Thirlwall, Muthu Thirumaran, Alice Thomas, Andrew Thomas, Caradog Thomas, Emma Thomas, Enson Thomas, Esther Thomas, Hannah Thomas, Helen Thomas, James Thomas, Karen Thomas, Koshy Thomas, Lucy Thomas, Rachel Thomas, Rebecca Thomas, Rhys Thomas, Ruth Thomas, Samantha Thomas, Sarah Thomas, Sherine Thomas, Tessy Thomas, Vicky Thomas, Rhian Thomas-Turner, Samantha Thomas-Wright, Catherine Thompson, Christopher Thompson, Clara Thompson, Fiona Thompson, Katharine Thompson, Laura Thompson, Liz Thompson, Luke Thompson, Michael Thompson, Orla Thompson, Rebecca Thompson, Roger Thompson, Trevor Thompson, Usilla Thompson, Nicola Thomson, Natasha Thorn, Charlotte Thorne, Nicola Thorne, Wendy Thorne, Jim Thornton, Michael Thornton, Richard Thornton, Sara Thornton, Susan Thornton, Thomas Thornton, Tracey Thornton, Allison Thorpe, Christopher Thorpe, Sarah Thorpe, Paradeep Thozthumparambil, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Hannah Thraves, Elisha Thuesday, Vicky Thwaiotes, Guy Thwaites, Simon Tiberi, Jane Tidman, Serena Tieger, Carey Tierney, Caroline Tierney, Mark Tighe, Sorrell Tilbey, Amanda Tiller, John Timerick, Elizabeth Timlick, Alison Timmis, Hayley Timms, Anne-Marie Timoroksa, Samakomva Tinashe, Heather Tinkler, Marianne Tinkler, Jacqui Tipper, Helen Tivenan, Helen T-Michael, Anne Todd, Jackie Todd, Stacy Todd, Mohamed Tohfa, Helena Tollick, Melanie Tolson, Ana Luisa Tomas, Natalia Tomasova, Sharon Tomlin, Simon Tomlins, Jo Tomlinson, James Tonkin, Ivan Tonna, Catherine Toohey, Kirsty Topham, Mathew Topping, Ruhaif Tousis, Peter Tovey, Gareth Towersey, Jason Towler, Jill Townley, Alain Townsend, Chris Townsend, Richard Tozer, Claire Tranter, Helen Tranter, Jonathan Trattles, Christopher Travill, Sarah Traynor, Karis Treuberg, Mike Trevett, Ascanio Tridente, Sanchia Triggs, Fiona Trim, Thomas Trimble, Alex Trimmings, Tom Trinick, Sven Troedson, Emily Tropman, Amy Trotter, Madeleine Trowsdale Stannard, Nigel Trudgill, Maria Truslove, Shaun Trussell, Tariq Trussell, Sara Tryon, Kyriaki Tsakiridou, Christine Tsang, Hoi Pat Tsang, Peter Tsang, Tan Tsawayo, Kyriaki Karali Tsilimpari, Georgios Tsinaslanidis, Simon Tso, Sally Tucker, Victoria Tuckley, Caroline Tuckwell, Aisha Tufail, Redmond Tully, Grace Tunesi, Saidat Turawa, Killiam Turbitt, Anna Turco, Krystyna Turek, Rezon Turel, Tolga Turgut, Claudia Turley, Alison Turnbull, Aine Turner, Ash Turner, Charlotte Turner, David Turner, Frances Turner, Gail Turner, Kate Turner, Kelly Turner, Louise Turner, Lucy Turner, Marc Turner, Mark Turner, Patricia Turner, Ruth Turner, Sally Turner, Samantha Turner, Susan Turner, Victoria Turner, Sharon Turney, Jon Turvey, Conor Tweed, David Tweed, Rebecca Twemlow, Emma Twohey, Bhavya Tyagi, Vedang Tyagi, Abigail Tyer, Jayne Tyler, Jennifer Tyler, Alison Tyzack, Petros Tzavaras, Mohammad S Uddin, Ruhama Uddin, Ruzena Uddin, Salamat Ullah, Sana Ullah, Sanda Ullah, Athavan Umaipalan, Judith Umeadi, Akudo Umeh, Wilfred Umeojiako, Ben Ummat, Charlotte Underwood, Jonathan Underwood, Laura Unitt, Adam Unsworth, Jasvinder Uppal, Veerpal S Uppal, James Uprichard, Gerry Upson, Masood Ur Rasool, Alison Uriel, Sebastian Urruela, Hiromi Uru, Miranda Usher, Rebecca Usher, Alex UsherRea, Andrew Ustianowski, Jane Uttley, Linda C Vaccari, Uddhav Vaghela, Abhay Vaidya, Bernardas Valecka, Jennifer Valentine, Balan Valeria, Pramodh Vallabhaneni, Pedro Valle Vallines, Luke Vamplew, Ekaterini Vamvakiti, Joannis Vamvakopoulos, Maud van de Venne, Alex van der Meer, Nora van der Stelt, Joseph Vance-Daniel, Rama Vancheeswaran, Caryn Vander Riet, Samuel I Vandeyoon, Padma Vankayalapati, Piyush Vanmali, Chloe Vansomeren, William Van't Hoff, Sejal Vara, Kate Vardigans, Stehen J Vardy, Anu Varghese, Maria Varghese, William Varney, Giulia Varnier, Valeria Vasadi, Olivia Vass, Vimal Vasu, Vasanthi Vasudevan, Manu Vatish, Heloyes Vayalaman, Christopher Vaz, Niki Veale, Sachuda Veerasamy, Bar Velan, Swati Velankar, Luxmi Velauthar, Neyme Veli, Nicola Vella, Anitha Velusamy, Ian Venables, Mavi Venditti, David Veniard, Ramya Venkataramakrishnan, Richard Venn, Robert Venn, Lyn Ventilacion, Joanne Vere, Mark Veres, Stefania Vergnano, Will Verling, Amit Verma, Rachel Vernall, Britney Vernon, Mark Vertue, Jerik Verula, Natalie Vethanayagam, Lucy Veys, Carinna Vickers, Saji Victor, Jennifer Vidler, Wayne Vietri, Bavithra Vijayakumar, Vinod Warrier Vijayaraghavan Nalini, Brigita Vilcinskaite, Neringa Vilimiene, Sudharkar Vimalanathan, Lynn Vinall, Sylvia Vinay, Latha Vinayakarao, Rachel Vincent, Rosie Vincent, Pritpal Virdee, Emma Virgilio, Abdullah M Virk, Elisa Visentin, Jeyakumar Visuvanathan, Karunakaran Vithian, Sorice Vittoria, Elena Vlad, Ben Vlies, Alain Vuylsteke, Eleftheria Vyras, Richard Wach, Beverley Wadams, Susan Wadd, Natalia Waddington, Kirsten Wadsworth, Syed EI Wafa, Daniel Wagstaff, Lynda Wagstaff, Dalia Wahab, Zaroug Wahbi, Abiodun Waheed Adigun, Sawan Waidyanatha, Rachel Wake, Alice Wakefield, William Wakeford, Michelle Wakelin, Fiona Wakinshaw, Andrew Walden, Jane Walden, Lorna Walding, Alexandria Waldron, Gemma Walker, Harriet Walker, Ian Walker, Jasmine Walker, Kevin Walker, Kim Walker, Linda Walker, Marie T Walker, Olivia Walker, Rachel Walker, Rebecca Walker, Susan Walker, Derek Wallbank, Rebecca Wallbutton, Jessica Wallen, Karl Wallendszus, Arabella Waller, Fiona Waller, Rosemary Waller, Gabiel Wallis, Gabriel Wallis, Louise Wallis, Donna Walsh, Elizabeth Walsh, Livia Walsh, Deborah Walstow, Daniel Walter, Alex Walters, Holt Walters, James Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Lucy Walton, Olivia Walton, Sharon Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Thin Wan, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Joanna Ward, Karen Ward, Luke Ward, Nicola Ward, Rachael Ward, Rebecca Ward, Thomas Ward, Tom Ward, Scott A Warden, Adele Wardle, Karen Wardle, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Jade Warren, Lisa Warren, Yolanda Warren, Hannah Warren-Miell, Gill Warwick, Charlotte Washington, Helen Wassall, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Nick Watkins, Abigail Watson, Adam JR Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Paul Watson, Rebecca Watson, Robert Watson, Sandra Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Mark Weatherhead, Nick Weatherly, Paul Weaver, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Kylie Webb, Stephen Webb, Cheryl Websdale, Deborah Webster, Ian Webster, Tim Webster, Kathleen Wedgeworth, Ling Wee, Rebecca Weerakoon, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Immo Weichert, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Samantha Weller, Lucy Wellings, Brian Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, Richard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Lauren Wentworth, Kate Wesseldine, James Wesson, Jim Wesson, Adam West, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Luke Western, Ruth Westhead, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Bill Wetherill, Sharon Wheaver, Helen Wheeler, Ben Whelan, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Alison Whitcher, Abbie White, Andrew White, Benjamin White, Christopher White, Duncan White, Emily White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Stephen White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Julia Whiteley, Sophie Whiteley, Victoria Whiteside, Drew Whitley, Kaitlyn Whitley, Gabriel Whitlingum, David Whitmore, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Andrew Whittingham Hirst, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Robert Whittle, Suzanne Whyte, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Christopher Wignall, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Peter Wilding, Ritchie Wildman, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Donna Wiles, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, Chloe Wilkes, Janet Wilkie, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Helen Wilkinson, Holly Wilkinson, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Martin Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Aimee Williams, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Gail Williams, Gemma Williams, Gina Williams, Hannah Williams, James Williams, Jayne Williams, Jennie Williams, John Williams, Joseph Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Marie Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Rachael Williams, Rupert Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Tamanna Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Rachel Williamson, Helen Williamson, Bruce Willian, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Laura Willmott, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Catherine Willshire, Francesca Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Billy Wilson, Catherine Wilson, Eve Wilson, James Wilson, Karen Wilson, Kate Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Matthew Wilson, Toni Wilson, Evie Wiltsher, Marlar Win, Tin Win, Wut Yee Win Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Phillip Windrum, Kerry Winham-Whyte, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Pascal Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Holly Wissett, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Magda Wolna, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica Sue Yi Wong, Kit Y Wong, Lee Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Yun Man Wong, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Carrie Anne Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Julia Wood, Kathryn Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Michelle Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Ursula Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Luke Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Debra Woods, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Rachel Wookey, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Tim Wreford-Bush, Joanne Wren, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Imogen Wright, Lee Wright, Lianne Wright, Pete Wright, Rachel Wright, Rebecca Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Retno Wulandari, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Zhongyang Xia, Huiyuan Xiao, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Naairah Yaqub, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Julie Yates, Mark Yates, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Andrew Yeatman, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Peter Yew, Kawai Yip, Laura Ylquimiche, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Richard Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Chrissie Yu, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Raisa Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Lynn Zarb, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Marian Zelman, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Veronica Zindonda, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Azam Zubir, Roslin Zuha, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, Will Zuurbier, Sheba Zyengi, and University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
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Male ,Convalescent plasma ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Rate ratio ,0302 clinical medicine ,RA0421 ,RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine ,Medicine ,Hospital Mortality ,030212 general & internal medicine ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Aged, 80 and over ,Medicine(all) ,Mortality rate ,Covid19 ,Articles ,3rd-DAS ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Hospitals ,Treatment Outcome ,Female ,Open label ,Coronavirus Infections ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,RM ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,General & Internal Medicine ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Pandemics ,COVID-19 Serotherapy ,Aged ,Mechanical ventilation ,Science & Technology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Significant difference ,Immunization, Passive ,COVID-19 ,Length of Stay ,NIS ,R1 ,Respiration, Artificial ,United Kingdom ,RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RECOVERY Collaborative Group ,business - Abstract
Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research.
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- 2021
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4. DAS181 Treatment of Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Parainfluenza Virus Infection in Immunocompromised Patients: A Phase 2 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
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Jason Farthing, Stephen Hawley, Cameron R. Wolfe, Roy F. Chemaly, Jimmy Hwang, Stanley Lewis, George Wang, Steven J. Lawrence, Michael Boeckh, Paul Montanez, Jennifer Ho, Rosemary Soave, Sanjeet Dadwal, and Francisco M. Marty
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Adult ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Randomization ,parainfluenza virus ,Recombinant Fusion Proteins ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030106 microbiology ,Placebo-controlled study ,Placebo ,Immunocompromised Host ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,supplemental oxygen ,Internal medicine ,Lower respiratory tract infection ,Clinical endpoint ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Online Only Articles ,Lung ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Mechanical ventilation ,Paramyxoviridae Infections ,business.industry ,DAS181 ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Transplantation ,Major Articles and Commentaries ,immunocompromised ,AcademicSubjects/MED00290 ,Infectious Diseases ,lower respiratory tract infections ,business - Abstract
Background There are no antiviral therapies for parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections. DAS181, a sialidase fusion protein, has demonstrated activity in in vitro and in animal models of PIV. Methods Adult immunocompromised patients diagnosed with PIV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) who required oxygen supplementation were randomized 2:1 to nebulized DAS181 (4.5 mg/day) or matching placebo for up to 10 days. Randomization was stratified by need for mechanical ventilation (MV) or supplemental oxygen (SO). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients reaching clinical stability survival (CSS) defined as returning to room air (RTRA), normalization of vital signs for at least 24 hours, and survival up to day 45 from enrollment. Results A total of 111 patients were randomized to DAS181 (n = 74) or placebo (n = 37). CSS was achieved by 45.0% DAS181-treated patients in the SO stratum compared with 31.0% for placebo (P = .15), whereas patients on MV had no benefit from DAS181. The proportion of patients achieving RTRA was numerically higher for SO stratum DAS181 patients (51.7%) compared with placebo (34.5%) at day 28 (P = .17). In a post hoc analysis of solid organ transplant, hematopoietic cell transplantation within 1 year, or chemotherapy within 1 year, more SO stratum patients achieved RTRA on DAS181 (51.8%) compared with placebo (15.8%) by day 28 (P = .012). Conclusions The primary endpoint was not met, but post hoc analysis of the RTRA component suggests DAS181 may have clinical activity in improving oxygenation in select severely immunocompromised patients with PIV LRTI who are not on mechanical ventilation. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01644877., Immunocompromised adults with severe parainfluenza received nebulized DAS181 or placebo for up to 10 days. The primary endpoint was not met, but a subgroup of severely immunocompromised patients experienced a faster return to room air by day 28 (P = .012).
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- 2021
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5. Free Flap Monitoring, Salvage, and Failure Timing: A Systematic Review
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Warren M. Rozen, Sarah Lonie, David J. Hunter-Smith, Hannah Farthing, Amanda Y. Shen, and Kaiyang Lim
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Salvage Therapy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Free flap ,Plastic Surgery Procedures ,Cochrane Library ,medicine.disease ,Free Tissue Flaps ,Trunk ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Plastic surgery ,Postoperative Complications ,Hematoma ,Systematic review ,Humans ,Medicine ,Surgery, Plastic ,business ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Background Microsurgical free tissue transfer has become a reliable technique with success rates around 99% and around 5% requiring exploration for vascular compromise. Protocols for flap monitoring between plastic surgery units vary. We aimed to elucidate the time period when monitoring is crucial for flap salvage. Methods A systematic search of literature was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Scopus databases from 1966 to July 2018 according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, identifying 3,844 studies with mention of free flap and monitoring or timing or salvage or compromise. Studies were screened for relevance according to predetermined inclusion criteria. Data was extracted from included studies relating to flap type, monitoring, timing and reason for failure, and success of salvage intervention. Results A total of 109 studies featuring 44,031 free flaps were included. A total of 2,549 (5.8%) flaps required return to theater for compromise; 926 (2.1%) were lost and 1,654 (3.7%) were salvaged. In the first 24 hours postoperatively 93.8% of explored flaps are successfully salvaged, by day 2: 83.33%, day 3: 12.1%, and beyond day 4: none were successful. Of the 355 flaps where the cause of failure was reported, 59.5% was venous, 27.9% was arterial, 2.3% was a combination of both, and 10.2% was hematoma or infection. The proportion of flap failures at various recipient sites was highest in the trunk/viscera (7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00, 0.36), followed by limbs (5%, 95% CI 0.02, 0.08), head and neck (3%, 95% CI 0.02, 0.04), and breast ( Conclusion Close flap monitoring is of most value in the first 48 hours postoperatively, facilitating rapid detection of vascular compromise, early salvage, and better outcomes. The location of the flap has implications on its success and certain recipient sites may need particular attention to improve chances of success.
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- 2021
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6. Contralateral Effects of Unilateral Strength and Skill Training: Modified Delphi Consensus to Establish Key Aspects of Cross-Education
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Dawson Kidgell, Franca Deriu, Janet L. Taylor, Jonathan P. Farthing, Roger M. Enoka, Andrea Manca, Tibor Hortobágyi, Simon C. Gandevia, Timothy J. Carroll, and SMART Movements (SMART)
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,Sports medicine ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,MUSCULAR STRENGTH ,Physical strength ,MECHANISMS ,Cross education ,Terminology ,Nonprobability sampling ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,HIGH-INTENSITY ,Exercise ,computer.programming_language ,business.industry ,Consensus Statement ,Usability ,030229 sport sciences ,Action (philosophy) ,Athletic Injuries ,business ,Psychology ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Delphi ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Background Cross-education refers to increased motor output (i.e., force generation, skill) of the opposite, untrained limb following a period of unilateral exercise training. Despite extensive research, several aspects of the transfer phenomenon remain controversial. Methods A modified two-round Delphi online survey was conducted among international experts to reach consensus on terminology, methodology, mechanisms of action, and translational potential of cross-education, and to provide a framework for future research. Results Through purposive sampling of the literature, we identified 56 noted experts in the field, of whom 32 completed the survey, and reached consensus (75% threshold) on 17 out of 27 items. Conclusion Our consensus-based recommendations for future studies are that (1) the term ‘cross-education’ should be adopted to refer to the transfer phenomenon, also specifying if transfer of strength or skill is meant; (2) functional magnetic resonance imaging, short-interval intracortical inhibition and interhemispheric inhibition appear to be promising tools to study the mechanisms of transfer; (3) strategies which maximize cross-education, such as high-intensity training, eccentric contractions, and mirror illusion, seem worth being included in the intervention plan; (4) study protocols should be designed to include at least 13–18 sessions or 4–6 weeks to produce functionally meaningful transfer of strength, and (5) cross-education could be considered as an adjuvant treatment particularly for unilateral orthopedic conditions and sports injuries. Additionally, a clear gap in views emerged between the research field and the purely clinical field. The present consensus statement clarifies relevant aspects of cross-education including neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, and methodological characteristics of the transfer phenomenon, and provides guidance on how to improve the quality and usability of future cross-education studies.
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- 2020
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7. Preventing protein-energy malnutrition after cortical stroke enhances recovery of symmetry in forelimb use during spontaneous exploration
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Phyllis G. Paterson, Sarah A Bater, Jonathan P. Farthing, Gillian D. Muir, Larisa Kathleen Matwee, and Mariam Alaverdashvili
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Protein–energy malnutrition ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Physiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Spontaneous recovery ,Motor Activity ,Protein-Energy Malnutrition ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Brain ischemia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Forelimb ,Diet, Protein-Restricted ,medicine ,Animals ,Stroke ,0303 health sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Acute-phase protein ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Infarct size ,Malnutrition ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Exploratory Behavior ,Cardiology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) commonly arises after stroke. We investigated the effects of preventing PEM on spontaneous recovery of forelimb use, infarct size, and the acute phase response in the chronic post-stroke period. Male, adult, Sprague–Dawley rats were acclimatized to control diet (12.5% protein), tested for pre-stroke forelimb use symmetry in the cylinder test, and exposed to photothrombotic cortical stroke or sham surgery. Food intake was monitored daily, and body weight weekly. Forelimb use was tested on day 4 after surgery, before assignment to control diet or PEM (0.5% protein), with subsequent testing on days 16 and 29. Blood, brain, and liver were collected on day 30. The low protein diet resulted in PEM, measured by decreased body weight (p < 0.001) and food intake (p = 0.016) and increased liver lipid (p < 0.001). Stroke (p = 0.016) and PEM (p = 0.001) independently elicited increases in serum α-2-macroglobulin concentration, whereas PEM alone decreased albumin (p < 0.001). PEM reduced recovery of forelimb use symmetry during exploration on days 16 (p = 0.024) and 29 (p = 0.013) but did not influence infarct size (p = 0.775). Stroke reduced reliance on the stroke-affected forelimb to initiate exploration up until day 29 (p < 0.001); PEM had no influence (p ≥ 0.463). Preventing post-stroke PEM appears to yield direct benefits for certain types of motor recovery. Novelty Preventing post-stroke malnutrition benefits certain types of motor recovery. An acute phase response may contribute to the poorer recovery with malnutrition.
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- 2020
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8. Illness Narratives of Children Living with HIV Who Do Not Know Their HIV Status in Ghana: I’m Sick, But I Don’t Know the Sickness—A Qualitative Study
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Heather Farthing, Irene Pokuaa Ofori, Sampson Antwi, Lorna Renner, Amina Alhassan, Margaret Lartey, Nancy R. Reynolds, Elijah Paintsil, Jonas Tettey Kusah, Kofi Amissah, and Sankofa Study Team
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Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Social Psychology ,Social Stigma ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Truth Disclosure ,medicine.disease_cause ,Ghana ,Article ,Interviews as Topic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Qualitative Research ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,Illness narratives ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health psychology ,Infectious Diseases ,Health promotion ,Family medicine ,Female ,Hiv status ,Thematic analysis ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Despite available guidelines for disclosure of HIV status to children, most children living with HIV are unaware of their diagnosis. We sought to characterize the concepts of illness and treatment among children living with HIV who do not know their status. As part of the Sankofa trial we interviewed 435 children aged 6-18 enrolled in clinical care at pediatric HIV clinics at two teaching hospitals in Ghana. Theoretic thematic analysis generated themes among responses. The children believe they come to the clinic to collect medication, to address specific symptoms, to prevent and treat 'sickness', or as part of their routine. Most children learned of their 'illness' from a family member. A majority (73.5%) of children had never talked about their 'illness' with anyone else; many feared consequences. Children living with HIV who do not know their status exhibit signs of anticipated and internalized stigma regarding their unknown 'illness.' An understanding of the way children conceptualize their illness has implications for health promotion and the provision of appropriate information to children living with HIV.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01701635.A pesar de las pautas disponibles para la divulgación del estado del VIH a los niños, la mayoría de los niños que viven con el VIH desconocen su diagnóstico. Intentamos describir los conceptos de enfermedad y tratamiento entre los niños que viven con el VIH que no conocen su estado de infeccion. Como parte del ensayo Sankofa, entrevistamos a 435 niños de 6 a 18 años inscritos en atención clínica cuidado en clínicas pediátricas de VIH en dos hospitales docentes en Ghana. El análisis temático teórico generó temas entre las respuestas obtenidas. Los niños creen que vienen a la clínica a recoger medicamentos, a tratar síntomas específicos, a prevenir y tratar “condiciones” o como parte de su cuidado rutinario. A traves de entrevistas, aprendimos que la mayoría de los niños aprendieron de su "enfermedad" de un miembro de la familia. Esta mayoría (73.5%) nunca habían hablado sobre su "enfermedad" con nadie más; debido a muchas consecuencias temidas. Los niños que viven con VIH que no conocen su estado, exhiben signos de estigma anticipado e internalizado con respecto a su "enfermedad" desconocida. El entender la forma en que los niños conceptualizan su enfermedad tiene implicaciones para la promoción de la salud y el suministro de información adecuada a los niños que viven con el VIH.
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- 2020
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9. Accounting for space and uncertainty in real‐time location system‐derived contact networks
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Daniel E Dawson, Michael W. Sanderson, Trevor S. Farthing, and Cristina Lanzas
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0106 biological sciences ,Computer science ,biotelemetry ,Contact network ,Space (commercial competition) ,computer.software_genre ,animal behavior ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,global positioning system ,contact network ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Network model ,Original Research ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,business.industry ,R package ,Variety (cybernetics) ,Real-time locating system ,real‐time location ,Polygon ,Global Positioning System ,movement ecology ,Data mining ,lcsh:Ecology ,business ,computer ,radio telemetry - Abstract
Point data obtained from real‐time location systems (RTLSs) can be processed into animal contact networks, describing instances of interaction between tracked individuals. Proximity‐based definitions of interanimal “contact,” however, may be inadequate for describing epidemiologically and sociologically relevant interactions involving body parts or other physical spaces relatively far from tracking devices. This weakness can be overcome by using polygons, rather than points, to represent tracked individuals and defining “contact” as polygon intersections.We present novel procedures for deriving polygons from RTLS point data while maintaining distances and orientations associated with individuals' relocation events. We demonstrate the versatility of this methodology for network modeling using two contact network creation examples, wherein we use this procedure to create (a) interanimal physical contact networks and (b) a visual contact network. Additionally, in creating our networks, we establish another procedure to adjust definitions of “contact” to account for RTLS positional accuracy, ensuring all true contacts are likely captured and represented in our networks.Using the methods described herein and the associated R package we have developed, called contact, researchers can derive polygons from RTLS points. Furthermore, we show that these polygons are highly versatile for contact network creation and can be used to answer a wide variety of epidemiological, ethological, and sociological research questions.By introducing these methodologies and providing the means to easily apply them through the contact R package, we hope to vastly improve network‐model realism and researchers' ability to draw inferences from RTLS data., Point data obtained from real‐time location systems (RTLSs) are often processed into animal contact networks, describing instances of interaction between tracked individuals. Proximity‐based definitions of interanimal “contact,” however, are inadequate for describing epidemiologically and sociologically relevant interactions involving body parts or other physical spaces relatively far from tracking devices. To overcome this weakness, we present novel procedures for deriving polygons from RTLS point data while maintaining distances and orientations associated with individuals' relocation events, allowing researchers to define “contact” as polygon intersections.
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- 2020
10. The Impact of Heat Waves on Emergency Department Visits in Roanoke, Virginia
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Kyle B. Enfield, Wilson Farthing, Wendy M. Novicoff, Sara Windoloski, Margaret Houck, Edmundo Rubio, Robert C. Balling, Erin Markle, Robert E. Davis, John H. Burton, Damon R. Kuehl, and Hyojung Kang
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Adult ,Male ,Hot Temperature ,Adolescent ,Injury control ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Young Adult ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Weather ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Virginia ,Infant ,Human factors and ergonomics ,General Medicine ,Emergency department ,Heat wave ,medicine.disease ,Child, Preschool ,Emergency Medicine ,Female ,Medical emergency ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,business - Published
- 2020
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11. Surgical repair of the supraspinatus: pre- and postoperative architectural changes in the muscle
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Haron Obaid, Cole Beavis, Rohit Sachdeva, Jonathan P. Farthing, and Soo Y. Kim
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Surgical repair ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Shoulder ,business.industry ,Shoulder Joint ,General Medicine ,Isometric exercise ,Postoperative rehabilitation ,Supraspinatus tendon ,Surgery ,Tendon ,Rotator Cuff Injuries ,Tendons ,Rotator Cuff ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Tears ,Humans ,Original Article ,Supraspinatus tears ,Muscle architecture ,business - Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shortening of the tendon and muscle is recognised as a strong predictor of surgical failure of supraspinatus tendon tears. Changes in muscle architecture following repair have not been thoroughly investigated. Hence, we aimed to compare the pre- and postoperative architecture of the supraspinatus. METHODS We recruited eight participants with full-thickness supraspinatus tears. Images of the supraspinatus were captured preoperatively (pre-op) and postoperatively at one month (post-op1), three months (post-op2) and six months (post-op3) in relaxed and contracted states (0º and 60º glenohumeral abduction). Fibre bundle length (FBL), pennation angle (PA) and muscle thickness were quantified. Self-reported function, and maximal isometric abduction and external rotation strengths were assessed. RESULTS The mean FBL increased from pre-op to post-op1 (p = 0.001) in the relaxed state and from pre-op to post-op2 (p = 0.002) in the contracted state. Decrease in FBL was observed from post-op2 to post-op3 in the relaxed state. The mean PA decreased from pre-op to post-op1 (p < 0.001) in the relaxed state, but increased from post-op2 to post-op3 in both relaxed (p = 0.006) and contracted (p = 0.004) states. At post-op3, external rotation (p = 0.009) and abduction (p = 0.005) strengths were greater than at post-op2. Overall function increased by 47.67% from pre-op to post-op3. CONCLUSION Lengthening of the supraspinatus occurs with surgery, altering the length-tension relationship of the muscle, which can compromise muscle function and lead to inferior surgical outcomes. These findings may guide clinicians to optimise loads, velocities and shoulder ranges for effective postoperative rehabilitation.
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- 2022
12. Comparison of Cross-Education and Global Training Effects in Adults and Youth After Unilateral Strength Training
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Aymen Ben Othman, Urs Granacher, Mehdi Chaouachi, Jonathan P. Farthing, Anis Chaouachi, David G. Behm, Abderraouf Hechmi, Centre National de la Medecine et des Sciences des Sports (Tunis) (CNMSS), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, and Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN)
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Weight Lifting ,Strength training ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,education ,Repetition maximum ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Isometric exercise ,Knee extension ,Cross education ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,children ,Isometric Contraction ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Muscle Strength ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Leg press ,crossover ,Physical Education and Training ,Hand Strength ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,training specificity ,Elbow extension ,resistance training ,business ,strength - Abstract
International audience; Chaouachi, A, Ben Othman, A, Chaouachi, M, Hechmi, A, Farthing, JP, Granacher, U, and Behm, DG. Comparison of cross-education and global training effects in adults and youth after unilateral strength training. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2121-2131, 2022-Youth strength training research examining contralateral, homologous (cross-education), and heterologous (global training) effects after unilateral training have provided mixed results and the relationship to adults has not been compared. The objective was to compare adult and youth cross-education and global training effects on dominant and nondominant limb testing. Initially, 15 men and 15 prepubertal boys volunteered for each unilateral chest press (CP), handgrip training, and control groups (n = 89). Individuals trained their dominant limb 3 times per week for 8 weeks and had their dominant and nondominant limbs tested for CP and leg press 1 repetition maximum (1RM), handgrip, knee extension and flexion, and elbow extension and flexion maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). Adult CP training gains were significantly greater than youth with lower-body testing (p = 0.002-0.06), whereas youth CP training gains exceeded adults with upper-body tests (p = 0.03-0.07). Training specificity was evident with greater CP 1RM increases with CP vs. handgrip training for both youth (p < 0.0001) and adults (p < 0.0001). Handgrip training elicited greater gains in handgrip MVICs compared with other strength tests (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, only contralateral CP 1RM showed a training advantage for unilateral CP over unilateral handgrip training. Adults showed greater gains with lower-body testing, whereas youth showed greater gains with upper-body testing.
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- 2022
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13. Repeated unilateral handgrip contractions alter functional connectivity and improve contralateral limb response times: A neuroimaging study
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James Campbell, Uzay E. Emir, Charlotte J. Stagg, Evan C Edmond, Jonathan P. Farthing, C Zich, Justin W. Andrushko, William T. Clarke, and Jacob M. Levenstein
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Serial reaction time ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Supplementary motor area ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,SMA ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Neurochemical ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Orbitofrontal cortex ,Primary motor cortex ,Motor learning ,business - Abstract
In humans, motor learning is underpinned by changes in sensorimotor network functional connectivity (FC). Unilateral contractions increase FC in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA); areas involved in motor planning and execution of the contralateral hand. Therefore, unilateral contractions are a promising approach to augment motor performance in the contralateral hand. In a within-participant, randomized, cross-over design, 15 right-handed adults had two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sessions, where functional-MRI and MR-Spectroscopic Imaging were acquired before and after repeated right-hand contractions at either 5% or 50% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Before and after scanning, response times (RTs) were determined in both hands. Nine minutes of 50% MVC contractions resulted in decreased handgrip force in the contracting hand, and decreased RTs in the contralateral hand. This improved motor performance in the contralateral hand was supported by significant neural changes: increased FC between SMA-SMA and increased FC between right M1 and right Orbitofrontal Cortex. At a neurochemical level, the degree of GABA decline in left M1, left and right SMA correlated with subsequent behavioural improvements in the left-hand. These results support the use of repeated handgrip contractions as a potential modality for improving motor performance in the contralateral hand.Significance StatementEnhanced functional connectivity and decreased inhibition in sensorimotor areas of the brain underpin enhancements in motor performance and learning. In this study we investigated the impact of repeated right handgrip contractions at 50% MVC to improve behaviour, enhance functional connectivity and alter sensorimotor inhibition. We found that after nine minutes of repeated 50% MVC handgrip contractions with the right-hand, left-hand response times were significantly improved. This behavioural improvement was accompanied by altered interhemispheric functional connectivity and neurochemical changes across sensorimotor areas. Repeated unilateral handgrip contractions may be an effective method for enhancing contralateral limb motor performance in rehabilitation settings.
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- 2021
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14. Optimizing Solar-Plus-Storage Deployment on Public Buildings for Climate, Health, Resilience, and Energy Bill Benefits
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Michael T. Craig, Amanda Farthing, and Tony G. Reames
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cost–benefit analysis ,Present value ,business.industry ,Public health ,Climate Change ,Climate change ,General Chemistry ,Environmental economics ,Electric Power Supplies ,Software deployment ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,The Internet ,Electricity ,Cities ,Resilience (network) ,business - Abstract
Climate change, public health, and resilience to power outages are of critical concern to local governments and are increasingly motivating investments in on-site solar and storage. However, designing a solar-plus-storage system to co-optimize for climate, health, resilience, and energy bill benefits requires complex trade-offs that are not captured in current analyses. To fill this gap, we integrate the climate and health impacts of grid-purchased electricity into the REopt Lite optimization model using forward-looking marginal emissions costs. Using this new model, we quantify the impact of including energy bill, climate, health, and/or power outage cost savings on the optimal sizing, battery dispatch, and economic returns of solar-plus-storage on three public building types (a hospital, school, and warehouse) across 14 U.S. cities. We find that monetizing and co-optimizing for climate and health benefits, as compared to only energy bill savings and resilience, increases the net present value of the solar-plus-storage systems by $200k to $5.2M and makes larger systems financially attractive. Our results illustrate significant differences across geographies and building types, highlighting the need for site-specific analyses and associated policies regarding the costs and benefits of solar-plus-storage.
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- 2021
15. The role of parents in adolescent obesity treatment: Results of the TEENS+ randomized clinical pilot trial
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Suzanne E. Mazzeo, Elizabeth L. Adams, Jessica Gokee LaRose, Sarah Farthing, Edmond P. Wickham, Hollie A. Raynor, Ronald K. Evans, and Melanie K. Bean
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Adult ,Parents ,Pediatric Obesity ,Adolescent ,education ,Pilot Projects ,Treatment results ,Adolescent age ,Article ,law.invention ,Body Mass Index ,Randomized controlled trial ,Weight loss ,law ,Medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Parenting ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Repeated measures design ,Adolescent Obesity ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The optimal role for involving parents in adolescent obesity treatment is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that two parent approaches within adolescent obesity treatment are distinct, as evidenced by differential parent outcomes, and determine the preliminary efficacy of each approach on adolescent weight loss. METHODS: Adolescent/parent dyads (N=82; mean adolescent age=13.7±1.2y) participated in TEENS+, a 4-month behavioral weight loss treatment. Participants were randomized to: 1) TEENS+parents as coaches (PAC; parent skills training), or 2) TEENS+parent weight loss (PWL; adult behavioral weight loss). Assessments occurred at 0, 4 (post-treatment), and 7-months. Within- and between-group repeated measures general linear mixed models examined change in parent weight (Δkg; primary outcome); parenting, feeding, weight control strategies, home environment, and adolescent body mass index (ΔBMI; secondary outcomes). RESULTS: PWL parents had greater 4-month weight losses (Δkg(0–4m)=−5.14±4.87kg) compared to PAC (−2.07±3.89kg; between-group p
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- 2021
16. Ipsilesional Motor Cortex Activation with High-force Unimanual Handgrip Contractions of the Less-affected Limb in Participants with Stroke
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Marla J. S. Mickleborough, Forrester S, Hunter G, Layla Gould, Justin W. Andrushko, Gary Linassi, Michael Kelly, Jonathan P. Farthing, Ron Borowsky, Alison R. Oates, and Doug W. Renshaw
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Brain activation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rehabilitation ,Hand Strength ,business.industry ,Brain activity and meditation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Neuroscience ,Motor Cortex ,Stroke Rehabilitation ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Functional Laterality ,Stroke ,Motor task ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Neuroplasticity ,medicine ,Humans ,business ,Stroke recovery ,Motor cortex - Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of severe disability that often presents with unilateral motor impairment. Conventional rehabilitation approaches focus on motor practice of the affected limb and aim to suppress brain activity in the contralesional hemisphere to facilitate ipsilesional hemispheric neuroplasticity subserving motor recovery. Previous research has also demonstrated that exercise of the less-affected limb can promote motor recovery of the affected limb through the interlimb transfer of the trained motor task, termed cross-education. One of the leading theories for cross-education proposes that the interlimb transfer manifests from ipsilateral cortical activity during unimanual motor tasks, and that this ipsilateral cortical activity results in motor related neuroplasticity giving rise to contralateral improvements in motor performance. Conversely, exercise of the less-affected limb promotes contralesional brain activity which is typically viewed as contraindicated in stroke recovery due to the interhemispheric inhibitory influence onto the ipsilesional hemisphere. High-force unimanual handgrip contractions are known to increase ipsilateral brain activation in control participants, but it remains to be determined if this would be observed in participants with stroke. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how parametric increases in handgrip force during repeated contractions with the less-affected limb impacts brain activity bilaterally in participants with stroke and in a cohort of neurologically intact controls. In this study, higher force contractions were found to increase brain activation in the ipsilesional/ipsilateral hemisphere in both groups (p = .002), but no between group differences were observed. These data suggest that high-force exercise with the less-affected limb may promote ipsilesional cortical plasticity to promote motor recovery of the affected-limb in participants with stroke.
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- 2021
17. Minimierung des Kobaltgehalts in verschleißfesten Sinterwerkstoffen
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Jens Wellmann, Adrian Horne, and Les Farthing
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Engineering ,business.industry ,Automotive Engineering ,business ,Manufacturing engineering - Published
- 2019
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18. Dementia in Aboriginal people in Residential Aged Care Facilities in Alice Springs: A Descriptive Study
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Bruce Hocking, Kylie M. Dingwall, Annie Farthing, Alan Cass, Caroline Phillips, Michael Lowe, Heather Jensen, Melissa Lindeman, and Tricia Nagel
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Gerontology ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Population ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Disease ,Audit ,medicine.disease ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,Speech and Hearing ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,medicine ,Dementia ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Descriptive research ,business ,education ,Neurocognitive ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background:A high prevalence of dementia among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders has been reported but knowledge of underlying causes and associations remains limited.Objective:To identify the prevalence of factors that may be associated with the categories of Major neurocognitive disorders (Major NCDs) in Aboriginal people living in residential aged care facilities in Alice Springs in the Northern Territory (NT).Design and Setting:This descriptive cross-sectional study analysed clinical file and cognitive assessment data of participants who were identified as having cognitive impairment between January and June 2016.Method:Screening for the presence of cognitive impairment using the Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA) was undertaken and 58 of 84 Aboriginal people were admitted to the study. Using a clinical file audit, diagnoses of Major NCDs consistent with the DSM-5 classification were made and the prevalence of factors possibly associated with these diagnoses described.Results:Fifty of the 58 participants were diagnosed with a Major NCD. The most frequent diagnoses were Major NCD due to vascular disease (30%), Major NCD due to Alzheimer’s Disease (26%) and Major NCD due to brain injury (20%). Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and alcohol misuse were commonly reported together with hypothyroidism, hypoglycaemia and vitamin D deficiency.Conclusion(s):This study identified possible associations with Major NCDs in this population as well as a different spread of Major NCD diagnoses to previous studies in Aboriginal populations. There is a need for further research to understand the causes of dementia in Australian Aboriginal people and to use this information to appropriately tailor treatment and prevention programmes.
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- 2019
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19. A performance evaluation framework for building fault detection and diagnosis algorithms
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Jessica Granderson, Guanjing Lin, Rupam Singla, Stephen Frank, Xin Jin, and Amanda Farthing
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Building & Construction ,Computer science ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Context (language use) ,State of affairs ,Sample (statistics) ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Fault (power engineering) ,Fault detection and isolation ,Engineering ,Built Environment and Design ,021105 building & construction ,New product development ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Key (cryptography) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Algorithm ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) algorithms for building systems and equipment represent one of the most active areas of research and commercial product development in the buildings industry. However, far more effort has gone into developing these algorithms than into assessing their performance. As a result, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the accuracy and effectiveness of both research-grade FDD algorithms and commercial products—a state of affairs that has hindered the broad adoption of FDD tools. This article presents a general, systematic framework for evaluating the performance of FDD algorithms. The article focuses on understanding the possible answers to two key questions: in the context of FDD algorithm evaluation, what defines a fault and what defines an evaluation input sample? The answers to these questions, together with appropriate performance metrics, may be used to fully specify evaluation procedures for FDD algorithms.
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- 2019
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20. Odontogenic tumors and lesions treated in a single specialist oral and maxillofacial pathology unit in the United Kingdom in 1992–2016
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Keith D. Hunter, Paul M. Speight, Rasha Abdelkarim, Paula M. Farthing, C. D. Franklin, Hannah Crane, B. S. M. S. Siriwardena, Niall O'Neill, and Daniel J. Brierley
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medicine.medical_specialty ,government.form_of_government ,Population ,Odontogenic Tumors ,Odontogenic myxoma ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Ameloblastoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Odontoma ,Oral and maxillofacial pathology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Dentistry (miscellaneous) ,education ,Retrospective Studies ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Retrospective cohort study ,030206 dentistry ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,United Kingdom ,Ameloblastic carcinoma ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pathology, Oral ,government ,Surgery ,Oral Surgery ,business - Abstract
Objectives Odontogenic tumors (ODTs) are a heterogeneous group of lesions derived from elements of tooth-forming tissues. No detailed data on the incidence of odontogenic tumors in the United Kingdom have been published. The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe the range and incidence of odontogenic tumors from 1992 to 2016 in a single specialist unit and to compare this population with others. Study Design By using the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology database, Sheffield (UK), we included both local and referred consultation cases. A proportion of diagnoses were reclassified in accordance with the 2017 World Health Organization classification. Results In total, 559 odontogenic tumors were diagnosed. Overall, the most common lesions were ameloblastoma (196 [33.8%]), odontoma (148 [25.5%]), and odontogenic myxoma (37 [6.3%]), but this varied between local and referral case populations, with odontomas being most common in the local population (43%). The sites affected and the gender and age of patients were similar to other Western populations. Malignant ODTs comprised 33 cases (5.7%), of which 9 (27.3%) were ameloblastic carcinoma. The majority of the malignant ODTs comprised referral cases. Conclusions Here, we present the first detailed data on ODTs within a UK population, and the pattern of incidence from the local population is similar to other Western populations. The exceptional rarity of malignant ODTs emphasizes the need for specialist centers for their treatment to gain diagnostic experience.
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- 2019
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21. When can we stop wearing masks? Agent-based modeling to identify when vaccine coverage makes nonpharmaceutical interventions for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infections redundant in indoor gatherings
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Trevor S. Farthing and Cristina Lanzas
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Infection risk ,education.field_of_study ,indoor transmission ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,COVID-19 ,agent-based model ,Article ,Vaccination ,Intervention (counseling) ,Environmental health ,vaccine ,Pandemic ,Medicine ,business ,education ,nonpharmaceutical interventions - Abstract
As vaccination efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are ramping up worldwide, there are rising concerns that individuals will begin to eschew nonpharmaceutical interventions for preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and attempt to return to pre-pandemic normalcy before vaccine coverage levels effectively mitigate transmission risk. In the U.S.A., some governing bodies have already weakened or repealed guidelines for nonpharmaceutical intervention use, despite a recent spike in national COVID-19 cases and majority population of unvaccinated individuals. Recent modeling suggests that repealing nonpharmaceutical intervention guidelines too early into vaccine rollouts will lead to localized increases in COVID-19 cases, but the magnitude of nonpharmaceutical intervention effects on individual-level SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in fully- and partially-vaccinated populations is unclear. We use a previously-published agent-based model to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor gatherings of varying durations, population densities, and vaccination coverage levels. By simulating nonpharmaceutical interventions in some gatherings but not others, we were able to quantify the difference in SARS-CoV-2 infection risk when nonpharmaceutical interventions were used, relative to scenarios with no nonpharmaceutical interventions. We found that nonpharmaceutical interventions will often reduce secondary attack rates, especially during brief interactions, and therefore there is no definitive vaccination coverage level that makes nonpharmaceutical interventions completely redundant. However, the reduction effect on absolute SARS-CoV-2 infection risk conferred by nonpharmaceutical interventions is likely proportional to COVID-19 prevalence. Therefore, if COVID-19 prevalence decreases in the future, nonpharmaceutical interventions will likely still confer protective effects but potential benefits may be small enough to remain within “effectively negligible” risk thresholds.
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- 2021
22. The Rapid Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Emergency Departments for Underserved Patients Study
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Robert M. Rodriguez, Jesus R. Torres, Anna Marie Chang, Adrianne N. Haggins, Stephanie A. Eucker, Kelli N. O’Laughlin, Erik Anderson, Daniel G. Miller, R. Gentry Wilkerson, Martina Caldwell, Stephen C. Lim, Ali S. Raja, Brigitte M. Baumann, Joseph Graterol, Vidya Eswaran, Brian Chinnock, Graham Nichol, Blair A. Parry, Alaina Hunt, Morgan Kelly, Breena R. Taira, Michael Pham, Joshua Tiao, Kyra Lasko, Mayuri Aivale, Alex Farthing, Nicole Byl, Virginia Chan, Nancy Anaya, Angela H. Wong, Bhanu Chadalawada, and Anna Tupetz
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Younger age ,masks ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Influenza vaccine ,Ethnic group ,MEDLINE ,Vulnerable Populations ,Article ,Health Services Accessibility ,Vaccination Refusal ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Pandemic ,Health care ,Medicine ,Humans ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,COVID-19 ,United States ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Family medicine ,Emergency Medicine ,vaccine hesitancy ,Female ,business ,Emergency Service, Hospital - Abstract
Study objective Emergency departments (EDs) often serve vulnerable populations who may lack primary care and have suffered disproportionate COVID-19 pandemic effects. Comparing patients having and lacking a regular source of medical care and other ED patient characteristics, we assessed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, reasons for not wanting the vaccine, perceived access to vaccine sites, and willingness to get the vaccine as part of ED care. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey conducted from December 10, 2020, to March 7, 2021, at 15 safety net US EDs. Primary outcomes were COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, reasons for vaccine hesitancy, and sites (including EDs) for potential COVID-19 vaccine receipt. Results Of 2,575 patients approached, 2,301 (89.4%) participated. Of the 18.4% of respondents who lacked a regular source of medical care, 65% used the ED as their usual source of health care. The overall rate of vaccine hesitancy was 39%; the range among the 15 sites was 28% to 58%. Respondents who lacked a regular source of medical care were more commonly vaccine hesitant than those who had a regular source of medical care (47% versus 38%, 9% difference, 95% confidence interval 4% to 14%). Other characteristics associated with greater vaccine hesitancy were younger age, female sex, Black race, Latinx ethnicity, and not having received an influenza vaccine in the past 5 years. Of the 61% who would accept a COVID-19 vaccine, 21% stated that they lacked a primary physician or clinic at which to receive it; the vast majority (95%) of these respondents would accept the COVID-19 vaccine as part of their care in the ED. Conclusion ED patients who lack a regular source of medical care are particularly hesitant regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Most COVID-19 vaccine acceptors would accept it as part of their care in the ED. EDs may play pivotal roles in COVID-19 vaccine messaging and delivery to highly vulnerable populations.
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- 2021
23. Managing the Unmanageable Through Interdependence in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents: A Constructivist Grounded Theory
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Pamela Farthing, Munier Nour, Donna C. Rennie, and Jill Bally
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Type 1 diabetes ,Endocrinology ,Constructivist grounded theory ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,business ,Developmental psychology - Published
- 2021
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24. guiBath y : A Graphical User Interface to Estimate Nearshore Bathymetry from Hovering Unmanned Aerial System Imagery
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Katherine L. Brodie, Alexander D. Renaud, Matthew W. Farthing, Tyler Hesser, Nicholas J. Spore, Brittany L. Bruder, and Matthew P. Geheran
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Aerial photography ,business.industry ,Bathymetry ,business ,Geology ,Graphical user interface ,Remote sensing - Abstract
This US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, technical report details guiBathy, a graphical user interface to estimate nearshore bathymetry from imagery collected via a hovering Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). guiBathy provides an end-to-end solution for non-subject-matter-experts to utilize commercia-off-the-shelf UAS to collect quantitative imagery of the nearshore by packaging robust photogrammetric and signal-processing algorithms into an easy-to-use software interface. This report begins by providing brief background on coastal imaging and the photogrammetry and bathymetric inversion algorithms guiBathy utilizes, as well as UAS data collection requirements. The report then describes guiBathy software specifications, features, and workflow. Example guiBathy applications conclude the report with UAS bathymetry measurements taken during the 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season, which compare favorably (root mean square error = 0.44 to 0.72 m; bias = -0.35 to -0.11 m) with in situ survey measurements. guiBathy is a standalone executable software for Windows 10 platforms and will be freely available at www.github.com/erdc.
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- 2021
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25. Azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial
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Eugenia Abaleke, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Alfie Abbott, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Sherif Abdelbadiee, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Basir Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer UA Abeer Ul Amna, Adebanke Aboaba, Hani Abo-Leyah, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmad Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yaa Aceampong, Devikumar Acharya, Janet Acheson, Andres Acosta, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Carol Adams, Kate Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Malgorzata Adamus, Kirsty Adcock, Aderonke Adebiyi, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Aldrin Adeni, Sherna Adenwalla, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Joyce Adeyemi, Elizabeth Adeyeye, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, John Aeron-Thomas, Lynn Afari, Debbie Affleck, Carmel Afnan, Deborah Afolabi, Muhammad Afridi, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Judith Agwada-Akeru, Kwame A Agyapong, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Jonathan Ah-Chuen, Mahin Ahmad, Ashar Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Iram Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sara Ahmed, Syed H Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Sana Ahmer, Dhiraj Ail, Adam Ainsley, Mark Ainsworth, Myriam Aissa, Lucy Aitchson, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Muhammad N Akhtar, Nasim Akhtar, Suha Akili, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Umeh Akudo, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Narendra Aladangady, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Lorraine Albon, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, John Alexander, Peter DG Alexander, Julyan Al-Fori, Bahij Al-Hakim, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Anyat Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohammad Ali, Oudai Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Abid Alina, Katrin Alizaedeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Eireann Allen, Jonathan Allen, Kerry Allen, Louise Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Lynne Allsop, Christine Almadenboyle, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Mary Alvarez, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Sakarai Ambalavanan, Sarah-Jayne Ambler, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Amjad Amjad, Victoria Amosun, Khaled Amsha, Atul Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Julie Anderson, Laura Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rory Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Jill Andrews, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Sarah Appleby, Diane Appleyard, Bianca Araba, Angela Aramburo, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Simon Archer, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Dhawal Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Arslam Arter, Ganesh Arunachalam, Rita Arya, Salma Asam, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Ayesha Ashfaq, Abdul Ashish, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Harshini Asogan, Julia Asplin, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Deborah Athorne, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Ahmed Attiq, Paula Aubrey, Suzannah August, Aye CT Aung, Hnin Aung, Kyaw Thu Aung, Nini Aung, Zaw Myo Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Miriam Avery, Joanne Avis, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Gabriel Awadzi, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, Amanda Ayers, Vivek Ayra, Jawwad Azam, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ghazala Aziz, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Nasaruilla Babajan, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph Bae, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Kasra Bahadori, Gayathri Baijiu, Charles Bailey, Julie Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Peter Bailey, Hamish Baillie, Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Karen Bain, Becky Bainton, David Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Kenneth Baker, Pearl Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Panos Bakoulas, Abhijit Bal, Niranjan Balachandran, Irvin Balagosa, Andrea Balan, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Alison Balcombe, Cheryl Baldwick, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Lisa Baldwin, Rebekah Baldwin-Jones, James Balfour, Ceri Ball, Craig Balmforth, Gabby Bambridge, Alasdair Bamford, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Adefunke Bamgboye, Kasun Bamunuarachchi, Elizabeth Bancroft, Hollie Bancroft, Joyce Banda, Srini Bandi, Nageswar Bandla, Somaditya Bandyopadhyam, Ritwik Banerjee, Sandip Banerjee, Harrison Banks, Luke Banks, Daniel Banner, Oliver Bannister, Christopher Bannon, Laura Banton, Mariamma Baptist, Tanya Baqai, Ananya M Baral, Desislava Baramova, Russell Barber, Emma Barbon, Monica Barbosa, Jamie Barbour, Alexander Barclay, Charlotte Barclay, Stephanie Bareford, Shahedal Bari, Amy Barker, Debbie Barker, Joseph B Barker, Leon Barker, Oliver Barker, Kerry Barker-Williams, Sinha Barkha, Juliana Barla, Gavin Barlow, Richard Barlow, James Barnacle, Alex Barnard, Debi Barnes, Nicky Barnes, Amy Barnett, Debra Barnett, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, William Barnsley, Andrew Barr, David Barr, Shaney Barratt, Manuella Barrera, Fiona Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Jazz Bartholomew, Sarah Bartholomew, Claire Bartlett, Georgina Bartlett, Greg Barton, Jill Barton, Rachael Barton, Rosaleen Baruah, Sonia Baryschpolec, Archana Bashyal, Betsy Basker, Ayten Basoglu, Amira Bassaly, G Bassett, Bengisu Bassoy, Anupam Basumatary, Adam Bataineh, Freddie Batalla, Tristan Bate, Harry John Bateman, Kathryn Bateman, Vhairi Bateman, Eleanor Bates, Hayley Bates, Michelle Bates, Rizvan Batha, Sally Batham, Ana Batista, Amit Batla, Dushyant Batra, Harry Batty, Thomas Batty, Miranda Baum, Carina Bautista, Fatima S Bawani, Simon Bax, Matt Baxter, Nicola Baxter, Hannah Bayes, Farid Bazari, Rohit Bazaz, Ahmad Bazli, Laura Beacham, Hannah Beadle, Wendy Beadles, Philip Beak, Andy Beale, Kathy Beardsal, Jack Bearpark, Karen Beaumont, Matthew Beaumont, Dawn Beaumont-Jewell, Theresa Beaver, Sarah Beavis, Christy Beazley, Sarah Beck, Virginia Beckett, Rosie Beckitt, Heidi Beddall, Seonaid Beddows, Deborah Beeby, Michelle Beecroft, Sally Beer, Jane Beety, Gabriela Bega, Alison Begg, Susan Begg, Sara Beghini, Ayesha Begum, Safia Begum, Teresa Behan, Roya Behrouzi, Jon Beishon, Claire Beith, James Belcher, Holly Belfield, Katherine Belfield, Ajay Belgaumkar, Dina Bell, Gareth Bell, Gillian Bell, Lauren Bell, Louise Bell, Nicholas Bell, Stephanie Bell, Jennifer L Bell, Mary Bellamy, Arianna Bellini, Amanda Bellis, Fionn Bellis, Lesley Bendall, Naveena Benesh, Nicola Benetti, Leonie Benham, Guy Benison-Horner, Ann Bennett, Caroline Bennett, Gillian Bennett, Kristopher Bennett, Lorraine Bennett, Sara Bennett, Vivienne Benson, Andrew Bentley, Ian Benton, Eva Beranova, Matthew Beresford, Colin Bergin, Malin Bergstrom, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Thomas Berriman, Zoe Berry, Kimberley Best, Yvonne Beuvink, Emily Bevan, Sarah Bevins, Tom Bewick, Helen Bexhell, Andrew Bexley, Sonay Beyatli, Fenella Beynon, Arjun Bhadi, Sanjay Bhagani, Shweta Bhagat, Shiv Bhakta, Rekha Bhalla, Mahesh Bhalme, Khushpreet Bhandal, Kulbinder Bhandal, Ravina Bhanot, Prashanth Bhat, Nikhil Bhatia, Rahul Bhatnagar, Janki Bhayani, Deepika Bhojwani, Salimuzzaman Bhuiyan, Anna Bibby, Naheeda Bibi, Salma Bibi, Tihana Bicanic, Julie Bigg, Sarah Biggs, Alphonsa Biju, Andras Bikov, Sophie Billingham, Jessica Billings, Alice Binns, Oliver Bintcliffe, Catherine Birch, Janine Birch, Jenny Birch, Katherine Birchall, Sam Bird, Sumedha Bird, Mark Birt, Kilanalei Bishop, Linda Bishop, Lisa Bishop, Nibedan Biswas, Sahar Biuk, Karen Blachford, Ethel Black, Helen Black, Karen Black, Mairead Black, Polly Black, Sabrina Black, Bethan Blackledge, Joanne Blackler, Samantha Blackley, Helen Blackman, Caroline Blackstock, Francesca Blakemore, Helen Blamey, Sujata Blane, Simon Blankley, Parry Blaxill, Jane Blazeby, Natalie Blencowe, Ben Bloom, Angela Bloss, Hannah Bloxham, Louise Blundell, Susara Blunden, Mark Blunt, Ian Blyth, Kevin Blyth, Andrew Blythe, Karen Bobruk, Pritesh Bodalia, Neena Bodasing, Gabriele Boehmer, Marta Boffito, Sumit Bokhandi, Maria Bokhar, Saba Bokhari, Sakina Bokhari, Syed Owais Bokhari, Ambrose Boles, Matthew Bolton, Helena Bond, Stuart Bond, Thomas Bond, Alice Bone, Georgia Boniface, Lizzy Bonney, Joanne Borbone, Stephanie Borg, Catherine Borra, Samuel Bosompem, Liam Botfield, Fiona Bottrill, Hannah Bouattia, Laura Bough, Hayley Boughton, Zoe Boult, Miriam Bourke, Karen Bourne, Michelle Bourne, Rachel Bousefield, Lucy Boustred, Alexandra Bowes, Amy Bowes, Philip Bowker, Louise Bowman, Simon Bowman, Angie Bowring, Geetha Boyapati, Jenny Boyd, Laura Boyd, Namoi Boyle, Pauline Boyle, Rosalind Boyle, Louise Boyles, Leanna Brace, Jodie Bradder, Clare J Bradley, Pamela Bradley, Patrick Bradley, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Lynne Bradshaw, Zena Bradshaw, Rebecca Brady, Shirin Brady, Marie Branch, Emily Brandl-Salutz, Christina Branfield, Jamie Brannigan, Louise Brassington, Fiona Bray, Nancy Bray, Manny Brazil, Lucy Brear, Tracy Brear, Stephen Brearey, Morwenna Brend, Andrew Brereton, Chris Brewer, Gavin Bridgwood, Sara Brigham, John Bright, Christopher Brightling, Elaine Brinkworth, Robin Brittain-Long, Vianne Britten, Lauren Broad, Sarah Broad, Rosie Broadhurst, Andrew Broadley, Marie Broadway, Christopher Brockelsby, Megan Brocken, Tomos Brockley, Fiona Brogan, Felicity Brokke, Jacob Brolly, David Bromley, Hannah Brooke-Ball, Verity Brooker, Matthew Brookes, Alison Brooks, Kate Brooks, Nicole Brooks, Rachel Brooks, Sophie Brooks, Natalie Broomhead, Chloe Broughton, Nathaniel Broughton, Matt Brouns, Alison Brown, Carly Brown, Catrin Brown, Ellen Brown, Heather Brown, Janet Brown, Louise Brown, Niall Brown, Pauline Brown, Richard Brown, Robert Brown, Steven Brown, Tom Brown, Charlotte Browne, Duncan Browne, Rachel Browne, Stephen Brownlee, David Bruce, Johanna Bruce, Michelle Bruce, Wojciech Brudlo, Nigel Brunskill, Luke Brunton, Margaret Brunton, Jade Bryant, Mark Bryce, Maya Buch, Ruaridh Buchanan, Amanda Buck, Elizabeth Buckingham, Laura Buckley, Philip Buckley, Sarah Buckley, Carol Buckman, George Bugg, Ramadan Bujazia, Shanzay Bukhari, Richard Bulbulia, Alex Bull, Damian Bull, Rhian Bull, Thomas Bull, Sam Bullard, Naomi Bulteel, Katherine Bunclark, Roneleeh Bungue-Tuble, Caroline Burchett, Christy Burden, Thomas G Burden, Sarah Burge, Mika Burgess, Sophia Burgess, Emma Burke, Sara Burnard, Caroline Burnett, Amy Burns, Collette Burns, James Burns, Karen Burns, Daniel Burrage, Kate Burrows, Claire Burston, Ben Burton, Fiona Burton, Angus Butchart, Aaron Butler, Jo Butler, Joanne Butler, Joshua Butler, Peter Butler, Susan Butler, Al-Tahoor Butt, Caryl Butterworth, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Robert Buttery, Heather Button, Daniel Buttress, Jane Byrne, Wendy Byrne, Victoria Byrne-Watts, Ruth Cade, Donna Cairney, Claire Calderwood, James Calderwood, Giorgio Calisti, Debbie Callaghan, Jennifer Callaghan, Claire Callens, Caroline Calver, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Tracey Camburn, David R Cameron, Eleanor Cameron, Fraser Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee FD Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Mark Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Laura Camrasa, Julie Camsooksai, Shaula M Candido, Cielito Caneja, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Angelika Capp, Thomas Capstick, Simon Carley, Tammy Carlin, Samantha Carmichael, Margaret Carmody, Mandy Carnahan, Charlotte Caroline, Patrick Carr, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Zoe Carrington, Jonathan Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Douglas Cartwright, Claire Carty, Jaime Carungcong, Paula Carvelli, Aisling Cashell, Barbara Cassimon, Teresa Castiello, Gail Castle, Melanie Caswell, Ana Maria Catana, Heidi Cate, Susanne Cathcart, Katrina Cathie, Christine Catley, Laura Catlow, Kerry Causer, Luke Cave, Frianne Cawa, Kathryn Cawley, Philippa Cawley, Chloe Caws, Hankins Cendl, Jeva Cernova, Ed Cetti, Stephanie Chabane, Manish Chablani, Cathleen Chabo, David Chadwick, Julie Chadwick, Robert Chadwick, Ela Chakkarapani, Arup Chakraborty, Mallinath Chakraborty, Mollika Chakravorty, James Chalmers, Georgina Chamberlain, Sarah Chamberlain, Carol Chambers, Emma Chambers, Jonathan Chambers, Lucy Chambers, Naomi Chambers, Shreekant Champanerkar, Carmen Chan, Cheuk Chan, Evelyn Chan, Kimberley Chan, Ping Chan, Rebekah (Pui-Ching) Chan, Xin H Chan, Chris Chandler, Kim J Chandler, Zoe Chandler, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, Josephine Chaplin, Graeme Chapman, John Chapman, Katie Chapman, Laura Chapman, Lianne Chapman, Polly Chapman, Timothy Chapman, Lucy Chappell, Amanda Charalambou, Bethan Charles, Dianne Charlton, Kevin Chatar, Calvin Chatha, Priyanka Chaturvedi, Muhammad YN Chaudhary, Iram Chaudhry, Zain Chaudhry, Nazia Chaudhuri, Muhammad Chaudhury, Anoop Chauhan, Milan Chauhan, Ruchi S Chauhan, Nicola Chavasse, James Cheaveau, Michelle Cheeseman, Fang Chen, Hui Min Chen, Terence Chen, Lok Y Cheng, Zhihang Cheng, Ashok Chengappa, Helen Chenoweth, Chun H Cheong, Shiney Cherian, Helen Cheshire, Sarah Chessell, Chee Kay Cheung, Elaine Cheung, Claire Cheyne, Swati Chhabra, Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Sam Chilcott, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen Jie Chin, Amol Chingale, Heather Chisem, Ben Chisnall, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Chipo Chitsenga, Matthew Chiu, Brenda Chivima, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Khayzer Choudhary, Vandana Choudhary, Gary Chow, Muhibbur Chowdhury, Alexander Christides, Alex Christie, Daniel Christmas, Thereza Christopherson, Mark Christy, Paris Chrysostomou, Yunli Chua, Dip Chudgar, Richard Chudleigh, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Izu Chukwulobelu, Favour Chukwunonyerem, Chi Y Chung, Jonathan Chung, Elaine Church, Sara R Church, David Churchill, Paola Cicconi, Zdenka Cipinova, Bessie Cipriano, Sarah Clamp, Melanie Clapham, Edel Clare, Sarbjit Clare, Andrew Clark, Charlotte Clark, Diane Clark, Felicity Clark, Gabrielle Clark, James Clark, Katherine Clark, Lucy Clark, Matthew Clark, Patricia Clark, Richard Clark, Thomas Clark, Zoe Clark, Andrea Clarke, Paul Clarke, Robert Clarke, Roseanne Clarke, Samantha Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Alleyna Claxton, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Chris Cleaver, Jayne Clemens, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Suzanne Clements, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Jonathan Clouston, Samantha Clueit, Andrea Clyne, Peter GL Coakley, Kathryn Cobain, Susan Coburn, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Samantha Cockburn, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rhodri Codd, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Paul F Cofie, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan Colbert, Esther Cole, Jade Cole, Joby Cole, Nicholas Cole, Garry Coleman, Matt Coleman, Holly Coles, Julie Colley, Dawn Collier, Heather Collier, Paul Collini, Emma Collins, Jaimie Collins, Joanne Collins, Nicola Collins, Sally Collins, Vicky Collins, Andrew Collinson, Jennifer Collinson, Madeleine Colmar, Hayley E Colton, James Colton, Katie Colville, Carolyn Colvin, Edward Combes, David Comer, Dónal Concannon, Robin Condliffe, Lynne Connell, Natalie Connell, Gavin Connolly, Emma Connor, Antonia Conroy, Veronica Conteh, Rory Convery, Grainne Conway, Rhiannon Conway, Jo-Anna Conyngham, Eloise Cook, Gemma Cook, Helen Cook, Graham Cooke, Katrina Cooke, Catherine Coombs, Chris Cooper, Jamie Cooper, Joshua Cooper, Lauren Cooper, Rowena Cooper, Sophie Cooper, Thomas Cope, Carolyn Corbett, John Corcoran, Jessica Cordle, Alasdair Corfield, John Corless, Alison Corlett, Pamela Corlett, Michael Cornwell, Diana Corogeanu, Ruth Corrigan, Rita Corser, Jon Cort, Denise Cosgrove, Patricia Costa, Charlie Coston, Susannah Cotgrove, Zoe Coton, Lisa-Jayne Cottam, Rhiannon Cotter, Donna Cotterill, Caroline Cotton, James Coulson, David Counter, Cherry Coupland, Ellie Courtney, Julia Courtney, Elena Cowan, Louise Cowen, Steve Cowman, Amanda Cowton, Ellie Cox, Giles Cox, Karina Cox, Rebecca Cox, Karen Coy, Victoria Craig, Matthew Cramp, Emma Crawford, Isobel Crawford, Sarah Crawshaw, Ben Creagh-Brown, Andrew Creamer, Peter Creber, Joanne Cremona, Janet Cresswell, Mark Cribb, Charles Crichton, Declan Crilly, Lauren Crisp, Nikki Crisp, Dominic Crocombe, Maria Croft, Jennifer Crooks, Harriet Crosby, Tim Cross, Stephen Crotty, Susan Crouch, Madeleine Crow, Rory Crowder, Becky Crowe, Rebecca Croysdill, Irena Cruickshank, James Cruise, Carina Cruz, Trino Cruz Cervera, Dominic Cryans, Guanguo Cui, Gillian Cummings-Fosong, Victoria Cunliffe, Caroline Cunningham, Mishell Cunningham, Neil 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Dosanjh, Paula Dospinescu, Andrew Dougherty, Katie Douglas, Lucy Dowden, Michelle Dower, Sud Dowling, Hayley Downe, Nicola Downer, Charlotte Downes, Rob Downes, Thomas Downes, Damian Downey, Louise Downs, Simon Dowson, Cornel Dragan, Cristina Dragos, Chelsea Drake, Victoria Drew, Olivia Drewett, Celine Driscoll, Helena Drogan, Ronald Druyeh, Simon Drysdale, Hazel Dube, Judith Dube, Stephen Duberley, Simon Dubrey, Roger Duckitt, Hayley Duckles-Leech, Nicola Duff, Helen Duffy, Lionel Dufour, Annette Duggan, Parveen Dugh, Janice Duignan, Simon Dummer, Andrew Duncan, Barrie Duncan, Christopher Duncan, Fullerton Duncan, Alessia Dunn, Damian Dunn, Laura Dunn, Karen Dunne, Fiona Dunning, Aidan Dunphy, Venkat Duraiswamy, Beatriz Duran, Ingrid DuRand, Alison Durie, Emily Durie, Laura Durrans, Hannah Durrington, Akshay Dwarakanath, Laasya Dwarakanath, Ellen Dwyer, Claudia Dyball, Harvey Dymond, Tom Dymond, Chris Eades, Melissa Earwaker, Nicholas Easom, Clare East, Jack Easton, Ruth Eatough, Oluwadamilola Ebigbola, Martin Ebon, Sinan Eccles, Chloe Eddings, Michael Eddleston, Maureen Edgar, Katharine Edgerley, Mary Edmondson, Tracy Edmunds, Alexandra Edwards, Andrea Edwards, Catherine Edwards, Joy Edwards, Kennedy Edwards, Mandy Edwards, Steven Edwards, Jenny Eedle, Dawn Egginton, Sarah Eisen, Ugochukwu Ekeowa, Mohamed Ekoi, Ayomide Ekunola, Kate El Bouzidi, Ashley Elden, Jennifer Elder, Haifa Eldew, Diana Eleanor, Maysoon Elfadil, Eman Elfar, Mayy M Elgamal, Amr Elgohary, Stellios Elia, Jennifer Elias, Tania Elias, Nadia Elkaram, Amin Elkhawad, Andrew V Elkins, Julie Ellam, Nikki Ellard, Laura Nicola Ellerton, Amy Elliott, Fiona Elliott, Kerry Elliott, Valmai Elliott, Annie Ellis, Hayley Ellis, Kaytie Ellis, Tak-Yan Ellis, Yvette Ellis, Rahma Elmahdi, Einas Elmahi, Omer Elneima, Mohamed Elokl, Ahmed Elradi, Mohamed Elsaadany, Sally El-Sayeh, Hana El-Sbahi, Tarek Elsefi, Karim El-Shakankery, Sarah Elyoussfi, Jonathan Emberson, John Emberton, Julian Emmanuel, Ingrid 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Fenn, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Lisa Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari, Catarina Ferreira-De Almeida, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Sarah Ann Filson, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Natalie Fineman, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Marie Fisk, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Christopher Flood, Jonathan Flor, Vincent Florence, Sharon Floyd, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Linda Folkes, Aiwyne Foo, Andrew Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Kathryn Forcer, Jamie Ford, Jennifer Foreman, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Julian Forton, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Caroline Fox, Claire Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Victoria Francois, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Michael Freeborn, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Eleanor French, Anastasia Fries, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Claire Froneman, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Bridget Fuller, Elizabeth Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Hassina Furreed, Waqas Gaba, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Joshua Gahir, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, Swetha Gali, Bernadette Gallagher, Edith Gallagher, Jude Gallagher, William Gallagher, Catherine Galloway, Emma Galloway, Jacqui Galloway, James Galloway, Laura Gamble, Liz Gamble, Brian Gammon, Jaikumar Ganapathi, Ramesh Ganapathy, Kaminiben Gandhi, Sarah Gandhi, Usha Ganesh, Abrar Gani, Iris Garcia Deniz, Antoni D Gardener, Danielle Gardiner, Emma Gardiner, Kirsty Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Nathan Garlick, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Rosaline Garr, Mark Garton, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Emma Gaywood, Catherine Geddie, Sarah Gee, Gemma Genato, Neil Gent, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Nithin George, Sam George, Tina George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Hisham Ghanayem, Auns Ghazanfar, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Arjun Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Sudhamay Ghosh, Sarra 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Julia Greig, Rebecca Grenfell, Teena Grenier, Susan Grevatt, Glaxy Grey, Andrew Gribbin, Ben Griffin, Denise Griffin, Mel Griffin, Sian Griffith, Andrew Griffiths, Daniel Griffiths, David Griffiths, Donna Griffiths, Isabel Griffiths, Nicola Griffiths, Oliver Griffiths, Sofia Grigoriadou, Steph Grigsby, Russell Gritton, Evelina Grobovaite, Clarissa Grondin, Rachel Groome, Liliana Grosu, Jenny Grounds, Jayne Groves, Neil Grubb, Julie Grundy, Francesca Guarino, Sharada Gudur, Shivang Gulati, Vikas Gulia, Pumali Gunasekera, Kirun Gunganah, Jessica Gunn, Emma Gunter, Alok Gupta, Atul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Richa Gupta, Tarun Gupta, Vineet Gupta, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Sambasivarao Gurram, Ishy Gurung, Shraddha Gurung, Hazel Guth, Ruth Habibi, Pamela Hackney, Christian Hacon, Aiman Haddad, Denise Hadfield, Michalis Hadjiandreou, Anna Haestier, Nauman Hafiz, Rana Hafiz-Ur-Rehman, Samantha Hagan, Jack W Hague, Rosemary Hague, Andrew Haigh, Kate Haigh, Christina Haines, Scott Hainey, Morton Hair, Brigid Hairsine, Juraj Hajnik, Anne Haldeos, Carmel Halevy, William Halford, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Chloe Hall, Claire Hall, Emily Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Toni Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Bilal Hameed, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Leah Hammond, Rachel Hammond-Hall, Fiona Hammonds, Nidal Hammoud, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, Jude Hampson, Shi Han Lee, Ozan Hanci, James Hand, Soran Handrean, Georgina Hands, Sheharyar Hanif, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Mazhar U Haq, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, Carolyn Hargreaves, James Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Helen Harizaj, Edward Harlock, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie H Harper, Heather Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Claire Harris, Jade Harris, Julie Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Nichola Harris, David Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Tom Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Hans Hartung, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Neda Hasan, Brigitte Haselden, Mohammed Hashimm, Imranullah Hashmi, Zena Haslam, Abdulhakim Hassan, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Waqar Ul Hassan, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Jonathan Hatton, Jennifer Haugh, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Dan Hawcutt, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Annie Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, Daniel Hawley, Edward Haworth, Cathy Hay, Jamal Hayat, Anne Hayes, Melony Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Patrick Haywood, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Amy Hearn, Angela Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Kerry Hebbron, Neil Hedger, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Rajdeep Heire, David Helm, Ulla Hemmila, Scott Hemphill, Deborah Hemsley, Alistair Henderson, Jennifer Henderson, Steven Henderson, Joanne Henry, Karol Henry, Lavinia Henry, Margo Henry, David Henshall, Gillian Herdman, Rosaleen Herdmangrant, William Herrington, Emilia Heselden, Peta Heslop, Simon Hester, Emily Hetherington, Joseph Hetherington, Andrew Hetreed, Chamila Hettiarachchi, Gihan Hettiarachchi, Hayley Hewer, John Hewertson, Anna Hewetson, Sue Hewins, Claire Hewitt, Davina Hewitt, Richard Hewitt, Robert S Heyderman, Matthis Heydtmann, Joseph Heys, Jonathan Heywood, Meg Hibbert, Naomi Hickey, Alexander Hicks, Jenny Hicks, Scott R Hicks, Daniel Higbee, Jennifer Higgins, Lucy Higgins, Andrew Higham, Martin Highcock, Judith 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Nicola Hornby, Sophie Horrocks, Latoya Horsford, Megan Horsford, Valana Horsham, Alex Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Ejaz Hossain, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Gordon Houston, Hamish Houston, Eleanor Hoverd, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Sarah Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Serena Howe, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Alex Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Desmond Hsu, Hein Htet, Zaw Htet, Naing Z Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Heather Hudson, Alison Hufton, Conor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rhian Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Charlotte Humphrey, Alasdair Humphries, Joanne Humphries, David Hunt, Fiona Hunt, Jane Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, Elizabeth Hurditch, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Y Husaini, Coralie Huson, Ibraar Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Sajid Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Rebecca Hussey, Christopher Hutchcroft, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Kamal Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Muhammad Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Lorna Ilves, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Christopher Imray, Haider Imtiaz, Jack Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Peter Inns, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana 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Sabrina Jansz, Deepa Japp, Catherine Jardine, Ellie Jarvie, Rosina Jarvis, Patrycja Jastrzebska, Hafsa Javed, Lona Jawaheer, Dinakaran Jayachandran, Deepak Jayaram, Geeshath Jayasekera, Lalith Jayasekera, Saman Jeddi, Mohammad S Jeelani, Katie Jeffery, Rachel Jeffrey, Nathan Jeffreys, Benjamin Jeffs, Debbie Jegede, Taylor Jemima, Ifan Jenkin, Alison Jenkins, David Jenkins, Elinor Jenkins, Sarah Jenkins, Sian Jenkins, Stephen Jenkins, Edward Jenner, David Jennings, Jacqui Jennings, Louise Jennings, Virginia Jennings, Ellen Jerome, Douglas Jerry, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Jorge A Jesus Silva, Kishan Jethwa, Abi Jeyabalan, Akhilesh Jha, Shaman Jhanji, Khoo Jian, Zhixin Jiao, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Antoinette Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed 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Muhammad U Khalid, Amir Khalil, Asma Khalil, Sijjad Khalil, Ali Khan, Al-Imran Khan, Asad Khan, Burhan Khan, Fatimah Khan, Kausik Khan, Lubna Khan, Malik A Khan, Marria Khan, Mohammad Khan, Mohammed R Khan, Nayeem Khan, Omar Khan, Rahila Khan, Shabana Khan, Shahul Khan, Tasaduksultan Khan, Waseem Khan, Usman F Khatana, Jibran Khatri, Jyoti Khatri, Sagira Khatun, Taslima Khatun, Chuen R Khaw, Htet HE Khin, Kiran Khokhar, Najaf Khota, Chloe Khurana, Shruti Khurana, Faith Kibutu, Andrew Kidd, Michelle Kidd, Joe Kidney, Shane Kidney, Will Kieffer, Caroline Kilby, Eliz Kilich, Jee Whang Kim, Sarah Kimber, Andy King, Barbara King, Jennifer King, Kirsten King, Rachel King, Sam King, Victoria King, Emily King-Oakley, Laura Kingsmore, Fiona Kinney, Jeremy Kirk, Amy Kirkby, Emily Kirkham, Gemma Kirkman, Ursula Kirwan, Toby Kitching, Laura Kitto, Lauren Kittridge, Sarah Klaczek, Susan Kmachia, Christopher Knapp, Lucy Knibbs, Alicia Knight, Fraser Knight, Marian Knight, Sarah Knight, Steven Knight, Tom Knight, Ellen Knights, Martin Knolle, Carol Knott, Karen Knowles, Laurence Knowles, Emily Knox, Lucy Knox, Oliver Koch, Ronan Kodituwakku, Gouri Koduri, Eirene Kolakaluri, Magdalena Kolodziej, Eirini Kolokouri, Samantha Kon, Mari Kononen, Athanasios Konstantinidis, Imogen Koopmans, Laura Korcierz, James Korolewicz, George Koshy, Chris Kosmidis, Jalpa Kotecha, Easwari Kothandaraman, Rukhsana Kousar, Margarita Kousteni, Alex Kozak Eskenazia, Kestutis Krasauskas, Zuzana Krejcarova, Raghu Krishnamurthy, Manju Krishnan, Suzanne Krizak, Sean Krupej, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Soren Kudsk-Iversen, Aurimas Kudzinskas, Chirag Kukadiya, Nainesha Kulkarni, Aditi Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Rita Kumar, Ritesh Kumar, Rupa Kumar, Satish Kumar, Vimal Kumar, Arun Kundu, Heinke Kunst, Amit Kurani, Mohammed Kurdy, Vimal Kurmars, Cameron Kuronen-Stewart, Ranganai S Kusangaya, Vlad Kushakovsky, Apexa Kuverji, Adriel JW Kwek, Amma Kyei-Mensah, Thyra Kyere-Diabour, Lynsey Kyeremeh, Moe Kyi, Nyan M Kyi, Laura Kyle, Stuart Kyle, Karali-Tsilimpari Kyriaki, Julius Labao, Louise Lacey, Nikki Lack, Emma Ladlow, Heather Lafferty, Shondipon Laha, Sushil Lahane, Clement Lai, James Lai, Robert Laing, Inez Laing-Faiers, Emily Laity, Nicki Lakeman, David Lalloo, Fiona Lalloo, Sarah-Jane Lam, Fiona Lamb, Thomas Lamb, Pauline Lambert, Claudia Lameirinhas, Mohammed KG Lami, Michal Lamparski, Christine Lanaghan, Geraldine Landers, Martin J Landray, Matthew Lane, Nicholas Lane, Matilda Lang, Stephen Lang, Daniel Langer, Maggie Langley, Charles Langoya, Emily Langthorne, Helen Langton, Scott Latham, John Latham-Mollart, Afzal Latheef, Nang Latt, Dawn Lau, Eva Lau, Myra Laurenson, Hou Law, Jessica Law, Penny Law, Richard Law, Emma Lawrence, Ryan Lawrie, Michael Lay, Stephen Laybourne, Christine Laycock, Reina Layug, Maria Lazo, Amelia Lea, William Lea, Ian Leadbitter, Samuel Leafe, Thomas Leahy, Richard Lean, Lorna Leandro, Darren Leaning, Todd Leckie, Marie Anne Ledingham, Emma Lee, Hannah Lee, Irish Lee, Sam Lee, Sindy Lee, Stephanie Lee, Tracey Lee, Xiang Lee, Diana Lees, Helen Legge, Julian Leggett, Katie Leigh-Ellis, Nicky Leitch, Eleni Lekoudis, Nicholas Lemoine, Liz Lennon, Daniel Lenton, Kelly Leonard, Wen Leong, Nicky Leopold, Isla Leslie, Emma Levell, Chris Levett, Alice Lewin, Alison Lewis, David Lewis, Dee Lewis, Joanne Lewis, Joseph Lewis, Kathryn Lewis, Keir Lewis, Leon Lewis, Marie Lewis, Marissa Lewis, Megan Lewis, Rob Lewis, Catherine Lewis-Clarke, Katherine Lewiston, Adam Lewszuk, Penny Lewthwaite, Samantha Ley, Anastasia Liaretidou, Victoria Licence, David Lieberman, Susan Liebeschuetz, Patrick Lillie, Ben Lim, Carys Lim, Ee T Lim, Ivy Lim, Terence Lim, Wei Shen Lim, Wilson Lim, James Limb, Usha Limbu, Dermot Linden, Lotte Lindenbaum, Gabriella Lindergard, Kate Lindley, Emily Lindsay, Mirella Ling, Claire Lingam, Mike Linney, Louise Linsell, Karen Lipscomb, Laura Lipskis, Ana Lisboa, Evangeline Lister, Sam Little, Xuedi Liu, Daniel K Llanera, Martin Llewelyn, Adam Lloyd, Aimee Lloyd, Arwel Lloyd, Charlotte Lloyd, Oliver Lloyd, Richard Lloyd, Lydianne Lock, Sara Lock, Stephen Lock, Jacqueline Locke, Thomas Locke, Teresa Lockett, Gary Lockley-Ault, Heather Loftus, Meg Logan, Chloe Logue, Sook Yin Loh, Siddharth Lokanathan, Tuck-Kay Loke, John-Paul Lomas, Kaatje Lomme, Emily London, Charlotte Long, Gabriella Long, Natalie Long, Bev Longhurst, Jennifer Lonnen, Laura Looby, Ronda Loosley, Pada Lopez, Paula Lopez, Robert W Lord, Claire Lorimer, Francesco Loro, Rachel Lorusso, Robert Loveless, Maxine Lovell, Angeliki Loverdou, Andrew Low, Jen Mae Low, Alastair Lowe, Catherine Lowe, Emily Lowe, Faye Lowe, Michael Lowe, Richard Lowsby, Alexandra Lubina Solomon, Georgia Lucas, Alice Lucey, Suzanne Luck, Jane Luke, Muriel Lunn, Ji Luo, Cindy N Luximon, Barrie Lyell, Ceri Lynch, Daniel Lynch, Daniella Lynch, Stephen Lynch, Claire Ma, Louise Ma, Hannah Mabb, Louies Andrew Mabelin, Jessica Macaro, Kateryna Macconaill, Jill MacCormac, Chloe MacDonald, Sheila MacFadyen, James G MacFarlane, Jill Macfarlane, Laura Macfarlane, Lisa MacInnes, Jill MacIntyre, Kirsten Mack, Callum Mackay, Euan Mackay, Alexander Mackenzie, Matt Mackenzie, Robert MacKenzie Ross, Ami Mackey, Fiona Mackie, Robert Mackie, Carolyn Mackinlay, Claire Mackintosh, Katherine Mackintosh, Colin MacLeod, Mary J MacLeod, Michael Macmahon, Andrew MacNair, Catherine Macphee, Iain Macpherson, Allan MacRaild, Alannah Madden, Mary Madden, Norman Madeja, Paula Madgwick, Madhavi Madhusudhana, Alpha Madu, Lorraine Madziva, Marion Mafham, Emma Magavern, Negar Maghsoodi, Christopher Magier, Marios Magriplis, Natasha Mahabir, Subramanian Mahadevan-Bava, Anjanie Maharajh, Ajit Mahaveer, Bal Mahay, Hibo Mahdi, Thushika Mahendiran, Siva Mahendran, Sarah Maher, Shameera Maheswaran, Parisa Mahjoob-Afag, Ahmed Mahmood, Farhana Mahmood, Hager Mahmoud, Mian Mahmood, Waheed Mahmood, Ewan Mahony, Luke Mair, James Maitland, Rupert Major, Jaydip Majumdar, Mohammad KH Majumder, Stephen Makin, Marius Malanca, Hannah Malcolm, Neeraj Malhan, Gulshan Malik, Mohammed Maljk, Petrina Mallinder, Louise Mallon, Edward Malone, Gracie Maloney, Madhu Mamman, Irene Man, Marco Mancuso-Marcello, Aritri Mandal, Tracy Manders, Lauren Manderson, Justin Mandeville, Roope Manhas, Carmen Maniero, Bobby Mann, Baranitharan Manoharan, Katherine Mansi, Dina Mansour, Isheunesu T Mapfunde, Predeesh Mappa, Hemant Maraj, Gemma Marayan, Clare Marchand, Neil Marcus, Maria Marecka, Gomathi Margabanthu, Jordi Margalef, Lavinia Margarit, Georgios Margaritopoulos, Mike Margarson, Fernandez M Maria del Rocio, Victor Mariano, Ashleigh Maric, Arran Marriott, Nemonie Marriott, Karen Marsden, Paul Marsden, Tracy Marsden, Robyn Marsh, Adam Marshall, Andrew Marshall, Gail Marshall, Henry Marshall, Jaimie Marshall, Jenna Marshall, Nicola Marshall, Emmeline Martin, Hayley Martin, Hope Martin, Jane Martin, Karen Martin, Laila Martin, Michael Martin, Sarah Martin, Winston Martin, Tim Martindale, Marcus Martineau, Anthony Martinelli, Lauren Martinez, Jose Carlos Martinez Garrido, Vijay K Maruthamuthu, Roman Mary-Genetu, Sam Maryosh, Vidan Masani, Diego Maseda, Sheila Mashate, Yasaman Mashhoudi, Sanna Masih, Nick Maskell, Perry Maskell, Jon Maskill, Matthew Masoli, Richard Mason, Ruth Mason, Mohammad Masood, Mohammad T Masood, Syed Masood, Syed SME Masood, Lear Matapure, Cristina Matei, Manraj Matharu, Stephy Mathen, Nicole Mather, Jonathan Mathers, Joanna Matheson, Anna Mathew, Verghese Mathew, Jesha Mathews, Kate Mathias, Wadzanai Matimba-Mupaya, Nashaba Matin, Elina Matisa, Max Matonhodze, Elijah Matovu, Szeto Matthew, Alison Jane Matthews, Edgar Maureen, Maria-Emanuela Maxan, Adam Maxwell, Veronica Maxwell, James May, Joanne May, Peter May, Philippa May, Matthew Maycock, Shelley Mayor, Paul McAlinden, Audrey McAlpine, Graeme McAlpine, Jonathan McAndrew, Hamish McAuley, Sarah McAuliffe, James McBurney, Amanda McCairn, Jake McCammon, Conor McCann, Alexandra McCarrick, Brendan 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Dana Raynard, Nicola Rayner, Jareer Raza, Salman Razvi, Zarine Razvi, Kerry Read, Ajay Reddy, Anvesh Reddy, Harsha Reddy, Ravi Reddy, Aine Redfern-Walsh, Alex Redome, Joan Redome, Anna Reed, Andrew Rees, James Rees, Martyn Rees, Sarah Rees, Stephanie Rees, Tabitha Rees, Fiona Regan, Karen Regan, Susan Regan, Kanchan Rege, Ahmed Rehan, A Rehman, Siddiqur Rehman, Ada Reid, Jeremy Reid, Sharon Reid, Mkyla Reilly, Christina Reith, Alda Remegoso, Dinakaran Rengan, Stephen Renshaw, Remya Renu Vattekkat, Henrik Reschreiter, Glynis Rewitzky, Charles Reynard, Dominic Reynish, Jessica Reynolds, Peter Reynolds, Tom Reynolds, Kat Rhead, Jo Rhodes, Jonathan Rhodes, Naghma Riaz, Emily Rice, Matthew Rice, Mel Rich, Alison Richards, Suaznne Richards, Celia Richardson, Neil Richardson, Nicky Richardson, Joanne Riches, Katie Riches, William Ricketts, Anna Riddell, Laura Riddles, Carrie Ridley, Paul Ridley, Gudrun Rieck, Hannah Riley, Matthew Riley, Phil Riley, Dominic Rimmer, Robert Rintoul, Andrew Riordan, Naomi Rippon, Chloe Rishton, Michael Riste, Jane Ritchie, Andrew Ritchings, Pilar Rivera Ortega, Vanessa Rivers, Syed AS Rizvi, Syed HM Rizvi, Ian Roberts, Karen Roberts, Mark Roberts, Nicky Roberts, Rebecca Roberts, Calum Robertson, Nichola Robertson, Stuart Robertson, Caroline Robinson, Emily Robinson, Emma Robinson, Gisela Robinson, Hannah Robinson, Jemima Robinson, Kate Robinson, Matthew Robinson, Sandra Robinson, Steve Robson, Lisa Roche, Samantha Roche, Natalie Rodden, Alistair Roddick, Jack Roddy, Marion Roderick, Alison Rodger, Faye Rodger, Megan Rodger, Alicia Rodgers, Natasha Rodgers, Penny Rodgers, Sarah Rodrigues, Rocio Rodriguez-Belmonte, Nicholas Roe, Charles C Roehr, Gill Rogers, Jason Rogers, Joanne Rogers, John Rogers, Leigh Rogers, Lindsay Rogers, Michaela Rogers, Naomi Rogers, Paula Rogers, Thomas Rogers, Sakib Rokadiya, Lee Rollins, Jennifer Rollo, Catherine Rolls, Claire Rook, Kevin Rooney, Laura Rooney, Lynsey Rooney, Lace Rosaro, Alastair Rose, Annie Rose, Steve Rose, Zoe Rose, Josephine Rosier, Jennifer Rossdale, Sabrina Rossi, Andrew Ross-Parker, Alex Rothman, Joanne Rothwell, Lindsay Roughley, Guy Rousseau, Kathy Rowan, Neil Rowan, Stephen Rowan, Louise Rowe-Leete, Benjamin Rowlands, Aparajita Roy, Subarna Roy, Anna Roynon-Reed, Sam Rozewicz, Antonio Rubino, Anna Rudenko, Senthan Rudrakumar, Banu Rudran, Shannon Ruff, Prita Rughani, Mike Ruiz, Sharon Rundell, Hitasha Rupani, Darren Rusk, Joseph Russell, Peter Russell, Richard Russell, Cristina Russo, Marieke Rutgers, Aidan Ryan, Brendan Ryan, Lucy Ryan, Matthew Ryan, Pat Ryan, Phil Ryan, Declan Ryan-Wakeling, Chloe Saad, M Saad, Javeson Sabale, Suganya Sabaretnam, Gorka Sacher, Noman Sadiq, Ashiq Saffy, Diaeddin Sagar, Beth Sage, Harkiran Sagoo, Rajnish Saha, Nikhil Sahdev, Jagdeep Sahota, Nooria Said, Sreekanth Sakthi, Abdul Salam, Erika Salciute, Jessica Sale, Gina Saleeb, Mumtaz Saleh, Hizni Salih, Laylan Salih, Sarah Salisbury, Rustam Salman, Jenny Salmon, Dario Salutous, Mfon Sam, Sally Sam, Tinashe Samakovna, Razan Saman, Renaldo Samlal, Emily Sammons, David Sammut, Mark Sammut, Sunitha Sampath, Julia Sampson, Anda Samson, Debbie Samuel, Johnson Samuel, Reena Samuel, Thomas DL Samuel, Elsward Samuels, Theo Samuels, Joanna Samways, Manjula Samyraju, Ilves Sana, Aabid Sanaullah, Veronica Sanchez, Amada Sanchez, Tom Sanctuary, Peter Sandercock, Amy Sanderson, Paul Sanderson, Tom Sanderson, Kuljinder Sandhu, Loveleen Sandhu, Victoria Sandrey, Sarah Sands, Mirriam Sangombe, Matthew Sanju, Rojy Santosh, Jayanta Sanyal, Aureo F Sanz-Cepero, Najam Saqib, Sarbjit Sarai, Dinesh Saralaya, Arun Saraswatula, Avishay Sarfatti, Rebecca Sargent, Beatrix Sari, Rahul Sarkar, Sruthi Sarma, Varun Sarodaya, Zainab Sarwar, Thea Sass, Sonia Sathe, Sobitha Sathianandan, Abilash Sathyanarayanan, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Prakash Satodia, Rachel Saunders, Samantha Saunders, Anne Saunderson, Heather Savill, Karishma Savlani, Matthew Saxton, Amrinder Sayan, Diane Scaletta, Lyndsay Scarratt, Sean Scattergood, Alvin Schadenberg, Alex Schoolmeesters, Natasha Schumacher, Nicola Schunke, Martin Schuster Bruce, Karin Schwarz, Tim Scorrer, Fiona Scothern, A Scott, Anne Scott, Christine Scott, Emily Scott, Kerrie Scott, Stephen Scott, Timothy Scott, Sarah Scourfield, Wendy Scrase, Angela Scullion, Emily Seager, Cathy Seagrave, Eleanor Sear, Isabella Seaton, Anna Seckington, Joanna Sedano, Gabrielle Seddon, Muhammad A Seelarbokus, Christopher Sefton, Matias Segovia, Gillian Sekadde, Georgina Selby, Katharine Sellers, Joseph Selley, Victoria Sellick, Gobika Selvadurai, Brintha Selvarajah, Haresh Selvaskandan, Gary Semple, Nandini Sen, Seema Sen, Namrita Sengreen, Aditya Sengupta, Niladri Sengupta, HoJan Senya, Jaskaran Sethi, Niranjan Setty, Abigail Seward, Teswaree Sewdin, Jack Seymour, Tariq Shafi, Aashni Shah, Ahmar Shah, Anand Shah, Anjnee Shah, Bhavni Shah, Neil Shah, Pallav Shah, Priyank Shah, Qasim Shah, Sarfaraz H Shah, Snehal Shah, Suraj Shah, Syed Shah, Sousan Shahi, Sipan Shahnazari, Ramli Shahrul, Muhammad Shahzeb, Amina Y Shaikh, Rajit Shail, Mariya Shaji, Korah Shalan, Nafe Shami, Nadia Shamim, Kazi Shams, Thomas Shanahan, Paul Shannon, Hamed Sharaf, Asir Sharif, Akhilesh Sharma, Ash Sharma, Mona Sharma, Ojasvi Sharma, Rajeev Sharma, Sanjeev Sharma, Sarkhara Sharma, Alexander Sharp, Charles Sharp, Gemma Sharp, Paula Sharratt, Phoebe Sharratt, Christopher Shaw, David Shaw, Deborah Shaw, Joanne Shaw, Jonathan Shaw, Lisa Shaw, Tomos G Shaw, Anna Shawcross, Jill Shawe, Sophy Shedwell, Jonathan Sheffield, Zak Shehata, Arshiya Sheik, Asif Sheikh, Noorann Sheikh, Benjamin Shelley, Sarah Shelton, Anil Shenoy, Julie Shenton, Amy Shepherd, Lorna Shepherd, Scott Shepherd, Rhian Sheppeard, Helen Sheridan, Ray Sheridan, Samuel Sherridan, Leanne Sherris, Susanna Sherwin, Shaad Shibly, Norma Shields, Chiaki Shioi, Lucy Shipp, Anand Shirgaonkar, Kim Shirley, Adebusola Shonubi, Rohan Shotton, Sarah Shotton, Ervin Shpuza, Nora Shrestha, Karen Shuker, Jack Shurmer, Loria Siamia, Seshnag Siddavaram, Nasir Siddique, Sohail Siddique, Nyma Sikondari, Malcolm Sim, Robert Sime, Oliver Simmons, Richard Simms, Angela Simpson, Anna Simpson, Danny Simpson, Georgina Simpson, Kathryn Simpson, Kerry Simpson, Phillip Simpson, Thomas Simpson, Janet Sinclair, Ankita Singh, Claire Singh, Jayaprakash Singh, Jyoti Singh, Manjeet Singh, Nadira Singh, Pankaj Singh, Prabhsimran Singh, Salil Singh, Parag Singhal, Surendra Singham, Bryan Singizi, Manas Sinha, Sharad Sinha, Utkarsh Sinha, Guy Sisson, Karthikadevi Sivakumar, Shanmugasundaram Sivakumar, Darshi Sivakumaran, Sivanthi Sivanadarajah, Nicole Skehan, Robert Skelly, Jill Skelton, Orlagh Skelton, Imogen Skene, Denise Skinner, Tabitha Skinner, Victoria Skinner, Agnieszka Skorko, Iwona Skorupinska, Mariola Skorupinska, Amy Slack, Katie Slack, Heather Slade, Mark Slade, Holly Slater, Lynda Slater, Nicola Slawson, Andrew Sloan, Brendan Sloan, Derek Sloan, Grace Sluga, Ellen Small, Samuel Small, Karen D Smallshaw, Andy Smallwood, Carien Smit, Aileen Smith, Amanda Smith, Amy Smith, Andrew Smith, Catherine Smith, Chris Smith, Christopher Smith, Dominic Smith, Eleanor Smith, Hazel Smith, Helen Smith, Jacky Smith, Jeannette Smith, Jessica Smith, John Smith, Kate Smith, Kerry Smith, Lara Smith, Lesley Smith, Linda Smith, Lisa Smith, Loren Smith, Lucy Smith, Matthew Smith, Mel Smith, Rachel Smith, Rebecca Smith, Richard Smith, Sally Smith, Stacey Smith, Stephanie Smith, Susan Smith, Sue Smolen, Sara Smuts, Jennifer Smyth, Naoise Smyth, Anette Snell, Alfred So, Beng So, Michelle Soan, Toluleyi Sobande, Alberto Sobrino Diaz, Basit Sohail, Bina Sohail, Roy Soiza, Olajumoke Solademi, Babak Soleimani, Amanda Solesbury, Louise Solomon, Subash Somalanka, Chandrashekaraiah Somashekar, Raj Sonia, Shiu-Ching Soo, Jennifer Soren, Vittoria Sorice, Apina Sothinathan, Pragalathan Sothirajah, Carmen Soto, Najwa Soussi, Donna Southam, David Southern, Iain Southern, Louise Southern, Sara M Southin, Thomas Southworth, Jason Sowter, Claudia Spalding, Enti Spata, Katie Spears, Mark Spears, Branwell Spencer, Gisele Spencer, Sue Spencer, Helen Spickett, Jennifer Spillane, William Spiller, Kerry Spinks, Michelle Spinks, Nick Spittle, Johanna Sporrer, Oliver Spring, Gemma Squires, Jack Squires, Rebecca Squires, Ram Sreenivasan, Ramesh Srinivasan, Asha Srirajamadhuveeti, Vino Srirathan, Sybil Stacpoole, Louise Stadon, Jennifer Stahle, Nikki Staines, Roxana Stanciu, Grazyna Stanczuk, Simon Stapley, Natalie Staplin, Michelle Starr, Rachael Stead, Conor Steele, Paula Stefanowska, Alison Stephens, David Stephensen, Courtney Stephenson, Elaine Stephenson, Monique Sterrenburg, Will Stevens, Amy Stevenson, Andrew Stevenson, Daniel Stevenson, Lesley Stevenson, Sarah Stevenson, Claire Stewart, Grant Stewart, Richard Stewart, Jo Stickley, Beverley Stidolph, Gemma Stiller, Sarah Stirrup, Sarah Stock, Alexander Stockdale, Lynne Stockham, Emma Stoddard, Chris Stokes, Ben Stone, Sarah Stone, Sophia Stone, Imogen Storey, Kim Storton, Frederick Stourton, Angela Strachan, Emma Stratton, Jane Stratton, Sam Straw, Dieter Streit, Emma Stride, Sally Stringer, Sophia Strong-Sheldrake, Siske Struik, Carmel Stuart, Anna Stubbs, Harrison Stubbs, Ann Sturdy, Sharon Sturney, Matt Stuttard, Cristina Suarez, Karuna Subba, Chris Subbe, Manjula Subramanian, Vaidyanathan Subramanian, Venkatram Subramanian, Chinari Subudhi, Rebecca Suckling, Srivatsan Sudershan, Taku Sugai, Peter Sugden, Rudresh Sukla, Ali Suliman, Fatimah Suliman, Sugrah Sultan, Alasdair Summers, Samyukta Sundar, Reka Sundhar, Nadia Sunni, Jay Suntharalingam, Amitava Sur, Dharmic Suresh, Shilpa Suresh, Michael Surtees, Danielle Suter, Helen Sutherland, Rebecca Sutherland, Dovile Sutinyte, Deborah Sutton, Sam Sutton, Amy Sutton-Cole, Mihaela Sutu, Marie-Louise Svensson, Sima Svirpliene, Andrew Swain, Thomas Swaine, Keshav Swarnkar, Tirion Swart, Ealish Swift, Pauline Swift, Rachael Swift, Rachel Swingler, Sophie Swinhoe, Katarzyna Swist-Szulik, Luke Swithenbank, Yasir Syed, Catriona Sykes, Daisy Sykes, Dominic Symon, Lesley Symon, Jen Syson, Gemma Szabo, Tamas Szakmany, Megan Szekely, Matthew Szeto, Maria Tadros, Lucy Tague, Hasan Tahir, Abigail Takyi, James Talbot-Ponsonby, Bradley Tallon, Bee TT Tan, Hock Tan, Huey Tan, WeiTeen Tan, Anand Tana, Rebecca Tangney, Christina Tanney, Tabitha Tanqueray, Emma Tanton, Hayley Tarft, Syed Tariq, David Tarpey, Antonia Tasiou, Elizabeth Tatam, Margaret Louise Tate, Paul Tate, Kate Tatham, Vera Tavoukjian, Alexander Taylor, Andrew Taylor, Beverley Taylor, Claire Taylor, David Taylor, Jennifer Taylor, Joanne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Karen Taylor, Leanne Taylor, Margaret Taylor, Matthew Taylor, Melanie Taylor, Natalie Taylor, Rachael Taylor, Rachel Taylor, Samantha Taylor, Suzanne Taylor, Tracey Taylor, Vicky Taylor, Michelle Taylor-Siddons, Thomas Taynton, Amelia Te, Jessica Teasdale, Julie Tebbutt, Caroline Tee, Adam Telfer, Vibha Teli, Jennifer Tempany, Julie Temple, Natalie Temple, Helen Tench, Yi He Teoh, Lynne Terrett, Louise Terry, Dariusz Tetla, Daniel Tewkesbury, Manish Thakker, Mini Thankachen, Dushen Tharmaratnam, Hilary Thatcher, Andrew Thayanandan, Krishna Thazhatheyil, Eaint Thein, Byron Theron, Phyu Thet, Kapeendran Thevarajah, Brinda Thillainathan, Yvette Thirlwall, Muthu Thirumaran, Alice Thomas, Amy Thomas, Andrew Thomas, Emma Thomas, Enson Thomas, Esther Thomas, Helen Thomas, James Thomas, Karen Thomas, Koshy Thomas, Lucy Thomas, Megan Thomas, Rachel Thomas, Rebecca Thomas, Rhys Thomas, Ruth Thomas, Sarah Thomas, Sherine Thomas, Tessy Thomas, Vicky Thomas, Rhian Thomas-Turner, Catherine Thompson, Christopher Thompson, Clara Thompson, Fiona Thompson, Katharine Thompson, Laura Thompson, Liz Thompson, Orla Thompson, Roger Thompson, Jason Thomson, Nicola Thomson, Natasha Thorn, Charlotte Thorne, Nicola Thorne, Jim Thornton, Richard Thornton, Sarah Thornton, Susan Thornton, Thomas Thornton, Christopher Thorpe, Sarah Thorpe, Paradeep Thozthumparambil, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Hannah Thraves, Guy Thwaites, Simon Tiberi, Serena Tieger, Carey Tierney, Caroline Tierney, Mark Tighe, Sorrell Tilbey, Amanda Tiller, Elizabeth Timlick, Hayley Timms, Anne-Marie Timoroksa, Samakomva Tinashe, Heather Tinkler, Marianne Tinkler, Jacqui Tipper, Sophie Tisi, Helen Tivenan, Suzy Tluk, Helen T-Michael, Anne Todd, Jackie Todd, Stacy Todd, Mohamed Tohfa, Melanie Tolson, Ana L Tomas, Natalia Tomasova, Sharon Tomlin, Simon Tomlins, Ivan Tonna, Kirsty Topham, Mathew Topping, Parisa Torabi, M Estee Torok, Mark Toshner, Ruhaif Tousis, Peter Tovey, Gareth Towersey, Jill Townley, Richard Tozer, Myat T Trafford, Helen Tranter, Christopher Travill, Sarah Traynor, Ascanio Tridente, Sanchia Triggs, Fiona Trim, Alex Trimmings, Tom Trinick, Maria Tripouki, Ashifa Trivedi, Dawn Trodd, Amy Trotter, Madeleine Trowsdale Stannard, Nigel Trudgill, Daniel Trushell-Pottinger, Maria Truslove, Shaun Trussell, Tariq Trussell, Kyriaki Tsakiridou, Christine Tsang, Peter Tsang, Kyriaki K Tsilimpari, Georgios Tsinaslanidis, Simon Tso, Sally Tucker, Aisha Tufail, Redmond Tully, Killian Turbitt, Rezon Turel, Tolga Turgut, Claudia Turley, Alison Turnbull, Aine Turner, Ash Turner, Charlotte Turner, Gail Turner, Kate Turner, Kelly Turner, Lucy Turner, Mark Turner, Patricia Turner, Sally Turner, Samantha Turner, Victoria Turner, Sharon Turney, Jon Turvey, Emma Twohey, Bhavya Tyagi, Vedang Tyagi, Abigail Tyer, Jayne Tyler, Jennifer Tyler, Alison Tyzack, Petros Tzavaras, Mohammad S Uddin, Ruhama Uddin, Salamat Ullah, Sanda Ullah, Athavan Umaipalan, Judith Umeadi, Akudo Umeh, Wilfred Umeojiako, Lizzie Undrell, Adam Unsworth, Veerpal SU Uppal, Gerry Upson, Alison Uriel, Sebastian Urruela, Hiromi Uru, Miranda Usher, Rebecca Usher, Andrew Ustianowski, Linda C Vaccari, Abhay Vaidya, Erika Vainieri, Bernardas Valecka, Jennifer Valentine, Balan Valeria, Luke Vamplew, Ekaterini Vamvakiti, Joannis Vamvakopoulos, Maud van de Venne, Alex van der Meer, Nora van der Stelt, Lynne Van Koutrik, Joseph Vance-Daniel, Rama Vancheeswaran, Samuel I Vandeyoon, Padma Vankayalapati, Chloe Vansomeren, William Van't Hoff, Sejal Vara, Anu Varghese, Maria Varghese, Teena Varghese, William Varney, Giulia Varnier, Valeria Vasadi, Vimal Vasu, Vasanthi Vasudevan, Ramu Vathenen, Manu Vatish, Heloyes Vayalaman, Christopher Vaz, Niki Veale, Bar Velan, Swati Velankar, Luxmi Velauthar, Neyme Veli, Nicola Vella, Anitha Velusamy, Ian Venables, Mavi Venditti, Ramya Venkataramakrishnan, Richard Venn, Robert Venn, Lyn Ventilacion, Mark Veres, Stefania Vergnano, Will Verling, Amit Verma, Britney Vernon, Nathan Vernon, Mark Vertue, Natalie Vethanayagam, Lucy Veys, Jennifer Vidler, Denise Vigni, Vinod W Vijayaraghavan Nalini, Enric Vilar, Neringa Vilimiene, Joseph Villiers, Sylvia Vinay, Latha Vinayakarao, Rachel Vincent, Rosie Vincent, Lisa Vincent Smith, Emma Virgilio, Abdullah M Virk, Elisa Visentin, Karunakaran Vithian, Alain Vuylsteke, Eleftheria Vyras, Richard Wach, Beverley Wadams, Susan Wadd, Natalia Waddington, Kirsten Wadsworth, Syed EI Wafa, Daniel Wagstaff, Lynda Wagstaff, Dalia Wahab, Zaroug Wahbi, Khalilullah Wahdati, Sawan Waidyanatha, Rachel Wake, Alice Wakefield, Emma Wakefield, Harry Wakefield, William Wakeford, Fiona Wakinshaw, Andrew Walden, Lorna Walding, Claire Walker, Ian Walker, Kevin Walker, Kim Walker, Linda Walker, Marie Walker, Rachel Walker, Susan Walker, Elaine Wall, Rebecca Wallbutton, Jessica Wallen, Karl Wallendszus, Arabella Waller, Michael Waller, Rosemary Waller, Gabriel Wallis, Louise Wallis, Donna Walsh, Elizabeth Walsh, Lani Walshaw, Daniel Walter, Holt Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Maggie Walton, Michael Walton, Olivia Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Thin Wan, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Katie Ward, Luke Ward, Rachael Ward, Thomas Ward, Scott A Warden, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Tobias Wareham, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Lisa Warren, Yolanda Warren, Hannah Warren-Miell, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Adam JR Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Paul Watson, Robert Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Nick Weatherly, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Stephen Webb, Ian Webster, Tim Webster, Ling Wee, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Freshtah Weidi, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Samantha Weller, Claire Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, RIchard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Lauren Wentworth, Kate Wesseldine, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Bill Wetherall, Helen Wheeler, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Jenny Whitbread, Benjamin White, Catherine White, Christopher White, Duncan White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Sophie Whiteley, Gabriel Whitlingum, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Christopher Wignall, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Karen Wild, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Peter Wilding, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Felicity Williams, Gail Williams, Hannah Williams, James Williams, Jennie Williams, John Williams, Joseph JR Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Marie Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Tamanna Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Francesca Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Debbie Wilson, James Wilson, Kate Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Toni Wilson, Tim Wilson, Marlar Win, Tin T Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Nicola Window, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Martin Winstanley, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Stephen Wisdom, Martin Wiselka, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Elena Wolodimeroff, Chi-Hung Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica SY Wong, Kit Y Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Caroline Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Michelle Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Jill Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Elizabeth Woodward, Zoe Woodward, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Imogen Wright, Lianne Wright, Rachel Wright, Caroline Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Johnathan Wubetu, Retno Wulandari, Kim Wyness, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Zhongyang Xia, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Michael Yanney, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Mark Yates, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Khin Yein, Robert Yellon, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Peter Yew, Kawai Yip, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, Cissy Yong, Jemma Yorke, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Gail Young, Louise Young, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Chrissie Yu, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Ausra Zdanaviciene, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Jane Zhixin, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei T Zin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Azam Zubir, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, National Institute for Health Research, UK Research and Innovation, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, Horby, PW, Roddick, A, Spata, E, Staplin, N, Emberson, JR, Pessoa-Amorim, G, Peto, L, Day, J, Thwaites, G, Mafham, M, Haynes, R, and Landray, MJ
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Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Azithromycin ,ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/humanitarian_conflict_response_institute ,Rate ratio ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,RA0421 ,Oxygen therapy ,RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Hospital Mortality ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,azithromycin ,education.field_of_study ,Covid19 ,clinical trial ,General Medicine ,3rd-DAS ,Middle Aged ,Hospitalization ,Survival Rate ,Treatment Outcome ,Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute ,Female ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,RM ,Population ,COVID-19/drug therapy ,Azithromycin/therapeutic use ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pharmacotherapy ,Tocilizumab ,Medicine, General & Internal ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Internal medicine ,General & Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Survival rate ,Mechanical ventilation ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,NIS ,Length of Stay ,R1 ,United Kingdom ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment ,RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RECOVERY Collaborative Group ,chemistry ,Relative risk ,business ,RA ,Anaesthesia Pain and Critical Care - Abstract
The RECOVERY trial is supported by a grant to the University of Oxford from UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and NIHR (MC_PC_19056) and by core funding provided by NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Department for International Development, Health Data Research UK, the Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, the NIHR Health Protection Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, and NIHR Clinical Trials Unit Support Funding. TJ is supported by a grant from UK Medical Research Council (MC_UU_0002/14) and an NIHR Senior Research Fellowship (NIHR-SRF-2015-08-001). WSL is supported by core funding provided by NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre. Background: Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatory actions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once per day by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatment groups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment and were twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants and local study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to the outcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) were eligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was 65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomly allocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall, 561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median 10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days (rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98-1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, no significant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87-1·03; p=0·24). Interpretation: In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restricted to patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication. Publisher PDF
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- 2021
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26. Evaluation of individual and ensemble probabilistic forecasts of COVID-19 mortality in the US
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Estee Y Cramer, Evan L Ray, Velma K Lopez, Johannes Bracher, Andrea Brennen, Alvaro J Castro Rivadeneira, Aaron Gerding, Tilmann Gneiting, Katie H House, Yuxin Huang, Dasuni Jayawardena, Abdul H Kanji, Ayush Khandelwal, Khoa Le, Anja Mühlemann, Jarad Niemi, Apurv Shah, Ariane Stark, Yijin Wang, Nutcha Wattanachit, Martha W Zorn, Youyang Gu, Sansiddh Jain, Nayana Bannur, Ayush Deva, Mihir Kulkarni, Srujana Merugu, Alpan Raval, Siddhant Shingi, Avtansh Tiwari, Jerome White, Neil F Abernethy, Spencer Woody, Maytal Dahan, Spencer Fox, Kelly Gaither, Michael Lachmann, Lauren Ancel Meyers, James G Scott, Mauricio Tec, Ajitesh Srivastava, Glover E George, Jeffrey C Cegan, Ian D Dettwiller, William P England, Matthew W Farthing, Robert H Hunter, Brandon Lafferty, Igor Linkov, Michael L Mayo, Matthew D Parno, Michael A Rowland, Benjamin D Trump, Yanli Zhang-James, Samuel Chen, Stephen V Faraone, Jonathan Hess, Christopher P Morley, Asif Salekin, Dongliang Wang, Sabrina M Corsetti, Thomas M Baer, Marisa C Eisenberg, Karl Falb, Yitao Huang, Emily T Martin, Ella McCauley, Robert L Myers, Tom Schwarz, Daniel Sheldon, Graham Casey Gibson, Rose Yu, Liyao Gao, Yian Ma, Dongxia Wu, Xifeng Yan, Xiaoyong Jin, Yu-Xiang Wang, YangQuan Chen, Lihong Guo, Yanting Zhao, Quanquan Gu, Jinghui Chen, Lingxiao Wang, Pan Xu, Weitong Zhang, Difan Zou, Hannah Biegel, Joceline Lega, Steve McConnell, VP Nagraj, Stephanie L Guertin, Christopher Hulme-Lowe, Stephen D Turner, Yunfeng Shi, Xuegang Ban, Robert Walraven, Qi-Jun Hong, Stanley Kong, Axel van de Walle, James A Turtle, Michal Ben-Nun, Steven Riley, Pete Riley, Ugur Koyluoglu, David DesRoches, Pedro Forli, Bruce Hamory, Christina Kyriakides, Helen Leis, John Milliken, Michael Moloney, James Morgan, Ninad Nirgudkar, Gokce Ozcan, Noah Piwonka, Matt Ravi, Chris Schrader, Elizabeth Shakhnovich, Daniel Siegel, Ryan Spatz, Chris Stiefeling, Barrie Wilkinson, Alexander Wong, Sean Cavany, Guido España, Sean Moore, Rachel Oidtman, Alex Perkins, David Kraus, Andrea Kraus, Zhifeng Gao, Jiang Bian, Wei Cao, Juan Lavista Ferres, Chaozhuo Li, Tie-Yan Liu, Xing Xie, Shun Zhang, Shun Zheng, Alessandro Vespignani, Matteo Chinazzi, Jessica T Davis, Kunpeng Mu, Ana Pastore y Piontti, Xinyue Xiong, Andrew Zheng, Jackie Baek, Vivek Farias, Andreea Georgescu, Retsef Levi, Deeksha Sinha, Joshua Wilde, Georgia Perakis, Mohammed Amine Bennouna, David Nze-Ndong, Divya Singhvi, Ioannis Spantidakis, Leann Thayaparan, Asterios Tsiourvas, Arnab Sarker, Ali Jadbabaie, Devavrat Shah, Nicolas Della Penna, Leo A Celi, Saketh Sundar, Russ Wolfinger, Dave Osthus, Lauren Castro, Geoffrey Fairchild, Isaac Michaud, Dean Karlen, Matt Kinsey, Luke C. Mullany, Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett, Lauren Shin, Katharine Tallaksen, Shelby Wilson, Elizabeth C Lee, Juan Dent, Kyra H Grantz, Alison L Hill, Joshua Kaminsky, Kathryn Kaminsky, Lindsay T Keegan, Stephen A Lauer, Joseph C Lemaitre, Justin Lessler, Hannah R Meredith, Javier Perez-Saez, Sam Shah, Claire P Smith, Shaun A Truelove, Josh Wills, Maximilian Marshall, Lauren Gardner, Kristen Nixon, John C. Burant, Lily Wang, Lei Gao, Zhiling Gu, Myungjin Kim, Xinyi Li, Guannan Wang, Yueying Wang, Shan Yu, Robert C Reiner, Ryan Barber, Emmanuela Gakidou, Simon I. Hay, Steve Lim, Chris J.L. Murray, David Pigott, Heidi L Gurung, Prasith Baccam, Steven A Stage, Bradley T Suchoski, B. Aditya Prakash, Bijaya Adhikari, Jiaming Cui, Alexander Rodríguez, Anika Tabassum, Jiajia Xie, Pinar Keskinocak, John Asplund, Arden Baxter, Buse Eylul Oruc, Nicoleta Serban, Sercan O Arik, Mike Dusenberry, Arkady Epshteyn, Elli Kanal, Long T Le, Chun-Liang Li, Tomas Pfister, Dario Sava, Rajarishi Sinha, Thomas Tsai, Nate Yoder, Jinsung Yoon, Leyou Zhang, Sam Abbott, Nikos I Bosse, Sebastian Funk, Joel Hellewell, Sophie R Meakin, Katharine Sherratt, Mingyuan Zhou, Rahi Kalantari, Teresa K Yamana, Sen Pei, Jeffrey Shaman, Michael L Li, Dimitris Bertsimas, Omar Skali Lami, Saksham Soni, Hamza Tazi Bouardi, Turgay Ayer, Madeline Adee, Jagpreet Chhatwal, Ozden O Dalgic, Mary A Ladd, Benjamin P Linas, Peter Mueller, Jade Xiao, Yuanjia Wang, Qinxia Wang, Shanghong Xie, Donglin Zeng, Alden Green, Jacob Bien, Logan Brooks, Addison J Hu, Maria Jahja, Daniel McDonald, Balasubramanian Narasimhan, Collin Politsch, Samyak Rajanala, Aaron Rumack, Noah Simon, Ryan J Tibshirani, Rob Tibshirani, Valerie Ventura, Larry Wasserman, Eamon B O’Dea, John M Drake, Robert Pagano, Quoc T Tran, Lam Si Tung Ho, Huong Huynh, Jo W Walker, Rachel B Slayton, Michael A Johansson, Matthew Biggerstaff, and Nicholas G Reich
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Geospatial analysis ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Probabilistic logic ,Staffing ,computer.software_genre ,Scientific modelling ,Health care ,Econometrics ,National level ,business ,computer ,Independent research - Abstract
Short-term probabilistic forecasts of the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States have served as a visible and important communication channel between the scientific modeling community and both the general public and decision-makers. Forecasting models provide specific, quantitative, and evaluable predictions that inform short-term decisions such as healthcare staffing needs, school closures, and allocation of medical supplies. Starting in April 2020, the US COVID-19 Forecast Hub (https://covid19forecasthub.org/) collected, disseminated, and synthesized tens of millions of specific predictions from more than 90 different academic, industry, and independent research groups. A multi-model ensemble forecast that combined predictions from dozens of different research groups every week provided the most consistently accurate probabilistic forecasts of incident deaths due to COVID-19 at the state and national level from April 2020 through October 2021. The performance of 27 individual models that submitted complete forecasts of COVID-19 deaths consistently throughout this year showed high variability in forecast skill across time, geospatial units, and forecast horizons. Two-thirds of the models evaluated showed better accuracy than a naïve baseline model. Forecast accuracy degraded as models made predictions further into the future, with probabilistic error at a 20-week horizon 3-5 times larger than when predicting at a 1-week horizon. This project underscores the role that collaboration and active coordination between governmental public health agencies, academic modeling teams, and industry partners can play in developing modern modeling capabilities to support local, state, and federal response to outbreaks. Significance Statement This paper compares the probabilistic accuracy of short-term forecasts of reported deaths due to COVID-19 during the first year and a half of the pandemic in the US. Results show high variation in accuracy between and within stand-alone models, and more consistent accuracy from an ensemble model that combined forecasts from all eligible models. This demonstrates that an ensemble model provided a reliable and comparatively accurate means of forecasting deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic that exceeded the performance of all of the models that contributed to it. This work strengthens the evidence base for synthesizing multiple models to support public health action.
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- 2021
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27. Sepsis: when a simple infection becomes deadly
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Jessie Howell, William J. Peveler, Michael E. Murphy, Carl S. Goodyear, Jennifer Gracie, Tansy C. Hammarton, Simon Pybus, Mohammad Saiful Islam Sajib, Colin Graham, J. Kenneth Baillie, Melanie Jimenez, Gill Thomson, Taya Forde, Andrew G. Farthing, and Alice Garrett
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Sepsis ,Immune system ,business.industry ,Inflammatory response ,Immunology ,medicine ,food and beverages ,Inflammation ,General Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.disease ,Shut down - Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy body by working around the clock to recognize and respond to infection. Inflammation is part of the immune system’s protective response to an infection. The inflammatory response is incredibly powerful, so much so that it can damage the body’s cells if it is not tightly controlled. Sometimes, inflammation affects the whole body—this is called sepsis. The powerful and complex mechanisms in place to wipe out the infection can cause serious damage to healthy cells and tissues. Uncontrolled inflammation can cause irreversible damage to the body’s organs, such as the kidneys, eventually causing organs to shut down. If sepsis is not treated rapidly, it can lead to death. In this article, we describe the symptoms and diagnosis of sepsis and some of the current research being performed to better understand this dangerous process.
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- 2021
28. Structural Characterization of SARS-CoV-2: Where We Are, and Where We Need to Be
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Shamar L M Lale-Farjat, Rebecca J Farthing, Giuseppina Mariano, and Julien R. C. Bergeron
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,COVID19 ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,coronavirus ,Review ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Biochemistry ,Viral infection ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pandemic ,structural biology ,Medicine ,Molecular Biosciences ,Intensive care medicine ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Molecular Biology ,Coronavirus ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,cryo-EM ,business - Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread in humans in almost every country, causing the disease COVID-19. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, research efforts have been strongly directed towards obtaining a full understanding of the biology of the viral infection, in order to develop a vaccine and therapeutic approaches. In particular, structural studies have allowed to comprehend the molecular basis underlying the role of many of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins, and to make rapid progress towards treatment and preventive therapeutics. Despite the great advances that have been provided by these studies, many knowledge gaps on the biology and molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection still remain. Filling these gaps will be the key to tackle this pandemic, through development of effective treatments and specific vaccination strategies.
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- 2020
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29. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines: Management of Strongyloidiasis February 2018-Compact Version>
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Anton Le Mair, Marco Albonico, Paul Kelly, Donald A. P. Bundy, Zeno Bisoffi, Peter H. Katelaris, Michael Farthing, Lorenzo Savioli, Dora Buonfrate, and Peter L. Chiodini
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Burden of disease ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Public health ,Gastroenterology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Strongyloides stercoralis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Strongyloidiasis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business - Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis is a soil-transmitted helminth, but it has a unique life cycle that can be completed in the human host, in a process known as autoinfection. Worldwide, the burden of disease is substantial (300 to 400 million infections). Strongyloidiasis is mainly prevalent in the tropics and subtropics, but there is as yet no global public health strategy for controlling the parasite.
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- 2020
30. Posterior circulation stroke: an easily overlooked complication of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
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James Farthing, Mohiuddin Sharief, Irfan M Ahmed, and Tahir Nazir
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Catheter ablation ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Electrocardiography ,0302 clinical medicine ,Postoperative Complications ,Internal medicine ,Thromboembolism ,Heart rate ,Atrial Fibrillation ,medicine ,Palpitations ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Stroke ,business.industry ,Brain ,Atrial fibrillation ,General Medicine ,Cardiac dysrhythmia ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Ablation ,Reminder of Important Clinical Lesson ,Cardiology ,Catheter Ablation ,medicine.symptom ,Complication ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Factor Xa Inhibitors - Abstract
Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has established itself as a safe and proven rhythm control strategy for selected patients with AF over the past decade. Thromboembolic complications of catheter ablation are becoming rare in anticoagulated patients with a risk of stroke reported as 0.3%. A particular challenge is posed by clinical presentation due to ischaemic stroke involving the posterior circulation following catheter ablation because of its substantial differences from the carotid territory stroke, making the timely diagnosis and treatment very difficult. It is crucial to keep an index of clinical suspicion in patients presenting with neurological deficits related to vertebrobasilar circulation following ablation. We describe the case of a man who presented with dizziness and palpitations after radiofrequency catheter ablation of AF. He was found to be in AF with a rapid ventricular response. His dizziness was initially attributed to the cardiac dysrhythmia. As his symptoms continued despite heart rate control, he underwent further investigations and was eventually diagnosed with a posterior circulation stroke resulting in left cerebellar infarction. He was treated with antiplatelet therapy and improved significantly over the following few days. We review and present an up-to-date brief literature review on the complications of catheter ablation of AF and describe pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment options for posterior circulation stroke after AF ablation. This case aims to raise awareness among clinicians about posterior circulation stroke after AF ablation.
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- 2020
31. Barriers Remain: Perceptions and Uses of Comics by Mental Health and Social Care Library Users
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Anthony Farthing and Ernesto Priego
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Cultural Studies ,Comics studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,Higher education ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Information science ,education ,Libraries ,Context (language use) ,Library science ,Comics ,Comic books, strips, etc.--Study and teaching ,Education ,Library and Information Science, Medical Humanities, Comics Scholarship ,HV ,Reading (process) ,lcsh:AZ20-999 ,AZ20-999 ,Library education ,Archives--Study and teaching ,media_common ,Medical education ,business.industry ,General Arts and Humanities ,Educational psychology ,Creativity ,lcsh:History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,Mental health ,Anthropology ,RC0321 ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,Comic books, strips, etc ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
This article is part of a larger study investigating the perceived value of using comics as an information resource in the teaching and training of mental health and social care professionals in a higher education setting.We surveyed 108 library users at the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, which specialises in mental health and social care and is a centre for both treatment and training. The study showed that most participants believed that comics have a potential role to play in mental health care training, and that challenges remain in getting comics perceived in ways that are not limited by existing prejudices or socio-cultural assumptions.Amongst other findings, the study found no significant association between the age or gender of participants and their attitudes to comics in an academic context. Participants considered that the most useful application of comics within the mental health and social care domain was their potential use in medical or therapeutic settings with young people. Even when our sample was not dominated by participants who reported reading comics regularly, the study showed that recent experience of reading comics seems to positively influence how comfortable participants feel about using comics for teaching or learning.Publisher’s Note: This article was originally published with an incorrect peer review statement, which said that this article was an internally reviewed editorial. This has now been amended to reflect the fact that this is a piece of research that underwent double blind peer review by two external reviewers.
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- 2020
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32. Contralateral effects of unilateral training: sparing of muscle strength and size after immobilization
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Layla Gould, Justin W. Andrushko, and Jonathan P. Farthing
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Restraint, Physical ,Arm Injuries ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Physiology ,business.industry ,Strength training ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Resistance Training ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,Muscular Disorders, Atrophic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Physiology (medical) ,Arm ,Muscle strength ,Humans ,Medicine ,Muscle Strength ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The contralateral effects of unilateral strength training, known as cross-education of strength, date back well over a century. In the last decade, a limited number of studies have emerged demonstrating the preservation or “sparing” effects of cross-education during immobilization. Recently published evidence reveals that the sparing effects of cross-education show muscle site specificity and involve preservation of muscle cross-sectional area. The new research also demonstrates utility of training with eccentric contractions as a potent stimulus to preserve immobilized limb strength across multiple modes of contraction. The cumulative data in nonclinical settings suggest that cross-education can completely abolish expected declines in strength and muscle size in the range of ∼13% and ∼4%, respectively, after 3–4 weeks of immobilization of a healthy arm. The evidence hints towards the possibility that unique mechanisms may be involved in preservation effects of cross-education, as compared with those that lead to functional improvements under normal conditions. Cross-education effects after strength training appear to be larger in clinical settings, but there is still only 1 randomized clinical trial demonstrating the potential utility of cross-education in addition to standard treatment. More work is necessary in both controlled and clinical settings to understand the potential interaction of neural and muscle adaptations involved in the observed sparing effects, but there is growing evidence to advocate for the clinical utility of cross-education.
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- 2018
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33. The pathology of oral cancer
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Paula M. Farthing and Paul M. Speight
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Disease ,Oral cavity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,Papillomaviridae ,General Dentistry ,Mouth neoplasm ,biology ,business.industry ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Cancer ,030206 dentistry ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ,stomatognathic diseases ,Oropharyngeal Neoplasm ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Etiology ,Mouth Neoplasms ,business - Abstract
The term 'oral cancer' describes a range of malignancies that may arise in and around the oral cavity. Over 90% of such lesions are squamous cell carcinomas, but even these may be divided into different entities based on site, aetiology and prognosis. In particular, squamous carcinomas in the oral cavity (oral cancer) should be regarded as a different disease to carcinomas arising in the oropharynx. Oropharyngeal cancer is associated with infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and shows different clinical and histological features. This short review summarises the pathology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer, and describes some of the main prognostic factors that pathologists use to assist clinicians in planning appropriate management.
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- 2018
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34. Energy savings and usability of zero-client computing in office settings
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Rois Langner, Kim Trenbath, and Amanda Farthing
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business.product_category ,business.industry ,Computer science ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Usability ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Client ,computer.software_genre ,Computer Science Applications ,Zero (linguistics) ,Virtual machine ,Power consumption ,Laptop ,021105 building & construction ,Operating system ,021108 energy ,business ,computer ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
This study provides a detailed comparison of the power consumption, usability, and applicability of virtual machines (VMs)—accessed through zero-client devices—and traditional laptop computers in o...
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- 2018
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35. Cross-education does not improve early and late-phase rehabilitation outcomes after ACL reconstruction: a randomized controlled clinical trial
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Alli Gokeler, Jonathan P. Farthing, Jos J. A. M. van Raay, Reinoud W Brouwer, Tjerk Zult, Tibor Hortobágyi, Inge Zijdewind, SMART Movements (SMART), and Movement Disorder (MD)
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Anterior cruciate ligament ,Hamstring Muscles ,Knee Injuries ,Quadriceps Muscle ,Cross education ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Late phase ,medicine ,Humans ,Knee ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Muscle Strength ,Anterior Cruciate Ligament ,030222 orthopedics ,Rehabilitation ,Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ,business.industry ,Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ,Resistance Training ,Recovery of Function ,030229 sport sciences ,Clinical trial ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Orthopedic surgery ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Surgery ,Self Report ,business ,Hamstring - Abstract
PURPOSE: Limited evidence suggests that cross-education affords clinical benefits in the initial 8 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, but it is unknown if such cross-education effects are reproducible and still present in later phases of rehabilitation. We examined whether cross-education, as an adjuvant to standard therapy, would accelerate the rehabilitation up to 26 weeks after ACL reconstruction by attenuating quadriceps weakness.METHODS: ACL-reconstructed patients were randomized into experimental (n = 22) and control groups (n = 21). Both groups received standard care after ACL reconstruction. In addition, the experimental group strength trained the quadriceps of the non-operated leg during weeks 1-12 after surgery (i.e., cross-education). Self-reported knee function was assessed with the Hughston Clinic Knee score as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were maximal quadriceps and hamstring strength and single leg hop distance. All outcomes were measured 29 ± 23 days prior to surgery, as a reference, and at 5-week, 12-week, and 26-week post-surgery.RESULTS: Both groups scored 12% worse on self-reported knee function 5-week post-surgery (95% CI 7-17) and showed 15% improvement 26-week post-surgery (95% CI - 20 to - 10). No cross-education effect was found. Interestingly, males scored 8-10% worse than females at each time point post-surgery. None of 33 secondary outcomes showed a cross-education effect. At 26-week post-surgery, both legs improved maximal quadriceps (5-14%) and hamstring strength (7-18%), and the non-injured leg improved 2% in hop distance. The ACL recovery was not affected by limb dominance and age.CONCLUSION: 26 weeks of standard care improved self-reported knee function and maximal leg strength relative to pre-surgery and adding cross-education did not further accelerate ACL recovery.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION: This randomized controlled clinical trial is registered at the Dutch trial register ( http://www.trialregister.nl ) under NTR4395.
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- 2018
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36. Oral lymphoma: a case series
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Issam Bakri, Paula M. Farthing, Olive Allsobrook, Anne M Hegarty, and Nick Morley
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,030206 dentistry ,Primary care ,medicine.disease ,Lymphoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Medicine ,Medical diagnosis ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,business ,General Dentistry ,Inclusion (education) - Abstract
Abstract: Oral presentation of lymphoma is rare but highlights the need for dentists in primary care to consider it for inclusion when determining differential diagnoses for patients who present with oral lesions. Oral lymphoma manifests in both intra- and extra-osseous sites within the oral cavity with a variety of clinical appearances which may mimic benign or innocuous processes. There may be non-specific signs which may be misleading to the clinician or present mimicking other oral malignancies, such as a non-healing ulcer, rapidly growing swelling with sudden onset or dental pathological processes. This case series highlights the varied presentations of oral lymphoma and the role of general dental practitioners in the early diagnosis, timely referral and management of these patients. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights the need for primary care clinicians to consider oral lymphoma in patients who present in the general dental setting with oral lesions.
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- 2018
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37. Cross-education does not accelerate the rehabilitation of neuromuscular functions after ACL reconstruction: a randomized controlled clinical trial
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Tjerk Zult, Inge Zijdewind, Jos J. A. M. van Raay, Alli Gokeler, Jonathan P. Farthing, Reinoud W Brouwer, Tibor Hortobágyi, SMART Movements (SMART), and Movement Disorder (MD)
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,RETURN ,Sports medicine ,Physiology ,Strength training ,Anterior cruciate ligament ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Postural stability ,SPORT ,Cross education ,FORCE ,03 medical and health sciences ,MUSCLE STRENGTH ,0302 clinical medicine ,Twitch interpolation ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,EXCURSION BALANCE TEST ,Anterior Cruciate Ligament ,Dynamic balance ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Balance (ability) ,KNEE INJURIES ,030222 orthopedics ,Rehabilitation ,Proprioception ,business.industry ,Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,Recovery of Function ,Force control ,Exercise Therapy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Anesthesia ,RELIABILITY ,Original Article ,Female ,business ,SYSTEM ,Maximal voluntary force ,QUADRICEPS ACTIVATION - Abstract
Purpose:\ud \ud Cross-education reduces quadriceps weakness 8 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, but the long-term effects are unknown. We investigated whether cross-education, as an adjuvant to the standard rehabilitation, would accelerate recovery of quadriceps strength and neuromuscular function up to 26 weeks post-surgery.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud Group allocation was randomized. The experimental (n = 22) and control (n = 21) group received standard rehabilitation. In addition, the experimental group strength trained the quadriceps of the non-injured leg in weeks 1–12 post-surgery (i.e., cross-education). Primary and secondary outcomes were measured in both legs 29 ± 23 days prior to surgery and at 5, 12, and 26 weeks post-surgery.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud The primary outcome showed time and cross-education effects. Maximal quadriceps strength in the reconstructed leg decreased 35% and 12% at, respectively, 5 and 12 weeks post-surgery and improved 11% at 26 weeks post-surgery, where strength of the non-injured leg showed a gradual increase post-surgery up to 14% (all p ≤ 0.015). Limb symmetry deteriorated 9–10% more for the experimental than control group at 5 and 12 weeks post-surgery (both p ≤ 0.030). One of 34 secondary outcomes revealed a cross-education effect: Voluntary quadriceps activation of the reconstructed leg was 6% reduced for the experimental vs. control group at 12 weeks post-surgery (p = 0.023). Both legs improved force control (22–34%) and dynamic balance (6–7%) at 26 weeks post-surgery (all p ≤ 0.043). Knee joint proprioception and static balance remained unchanged.\ud \ud Conclusion:\ud \ud Standard rehabilitation improved maximal quadriceps strength, force control, and dynamic balance in both legs relative to pre-surgery but adding cross-education did not accelerate recovery following ACL reconstruction.
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- 2018
38. In vivo safety and efficacy testing of a thermally triggered injectable hydrogel scaffold for bone regeneration and augmentation in a rat model
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Ian M. Brook, Chris Sammon, Paula M. Farthing, Jill Callaghan, Christine Freeman, Christine L. Le Maitre, Thorpe Aa, and Paul V. Hatton
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injectable ,Biocompatibility ,business.industry ,0206 medical engineering ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,02 engineering and technology ,Bone healing ,Pharmacology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,020601 biomedical engineering ,3. Good health ,RUNX2 ,Oncology ,bone regeneration ,In vivo ,Toxicity ,Medicine ,Femur ,hydrogel ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Bone regeneration ,preclinical studies ,mesenchymal stem cell ,Research Paper - Abstract
Bone loss resulting from degenerative diseases and trauma is a significant clinical burden which is likely to grow exponentially with the aging population. In a number of conditions where pre-formed materials are clinically inappropriate an injectable bone forming hydrogel could be beneficial. The development of an injectable hydrogel to stimulate bone repair and regeneration would have broad clinical impact and economic benefit in a variety of orthopedic clinical applications. We have previously reported the development of a Laponite® crosslinked pNIPAM-co-DMAc (L-pNIPAM-co-DMAc) hydrogel delivery system, loaded with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPna), which was capable of inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) without the need for additional growth factors in vitro. However to enable progression towards clinical acceptability, biocompatibility and efficacy of the L-pNIPAM-co-DMAc hydrogel to induce bone repair in vivo must be determined. Biocompatibility was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation for 6 weeks in rats, and efficacy to augment bone repair was evaluated within a rat femur defect model for 4 weeks. No inflammatory reactions, organ toxicity or systemic toxicity were observed. In young male rats where hydrogel was injected, defect healing was less effective than sham operated controls when rat MSCs were incorporated. Enhanced bone healing was observed however, in aged exbreeder female rats where acellular hydrogel was injected, with increased deposition of collagen type I and Runx2. Integration of the hydrogel with surrounding bone was observed without the need for delivered MSCs; native cell infiltration was also seen and bone formation was observed within all hydrogel systems investigated. This hydrogel can be delivered directly into the target site, is biocompatible, promotes increased bone formation and facilitates migration of cells to promote integration with surrounding bone, for safe and efficacious bone repair.
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- 2018
39. Impact of Pilates Exercise in Multiple Sclerosis
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Justin W. Andrushko, Charity Evans, Philip D. Chilibeck, Whitney R.D. Duff, Jonathan P. Farthing, Jana Danielson, and Doug W. Renshaw
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Core (anatomy) ,Massage ,business.industry ,Timed Up and Go test ,Test (assessment) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Wheelchair ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Analysis of variance ,Functional ability ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Balance (ability) - Abstract
CME/CNE Information Activity Available Online: To access the article, post-test, and evaluation online, go to http://www.cmscscholar.org Target Audience: The target audience for this activity is physicians, physician assistants, nursing professionals, and other health-care providers involved in the management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Learning Objectives: Accreditation Statement: In support of improving patient care, this activity has been planned and implemented by the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (CMSC) and Delaware Media Group. CMSC is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. Physician Credit The CMSC designates this journal-based activity for a maximum of 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Nurse Credit The CMSC designates this enduring material for 0.5 contact hours (none in the area of pharmacology). Disclosures: Editor in Chief of the International Journal of MS Care (IJMSC), has served as Physician Planner for this activity. He has received royalties from Springer Publishing, intellectual property rights/patent holder from Biogen, and consulting fees from Ipsen Pharma, and has performed contracted research for Biogen, Adamas Pharmaceuticals, and Acorda Therapeutics.Francois Bethoux, MD, has served as reviewer for this activity. She has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.Laurie Scudder, DNP, NP, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.Whitney R.D. Duff, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.Justin W. Andrushko, MSc, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.Doug W. Renshaw, MEd, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.Philip D. Chilibeck, PhD, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.Jonathan P. Farthing, PhD, is the co-owner of Lead Pilates and Integrated Health Therapies, where the study interventions occurred.Jana Danielson, MBA, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.Charity D. Evans, PhD, The peer reviewers for the IJMSC have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. The staff at the IJMSC, CMSC, and Delaware Media Group who are in a position to influence content have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Note: Disclosures listed for authors are those applicable at the time of their work on this project and within the previous 12 months. Method of Participation: Release Date: April 1, 2018 Valid for Credit Through: April 1, 2019 In order to receive CME/CNE credit, participants must: Statements of Credit are awarded upon successful completion of the post-test with a passing score of >70% and the evaluation. There is no fee to participate in this activity. Disclosure of Unlabeled Use: This educational activity may contain discussion of published and/or investigational uses of agents that are not approved by the FDA. CMSC and Delaware Media Group do not recommend the use of any agent outside of the labeled indications. The opinions expressed in the educational activity are those of the faculty and do not necessarily represent the views of CMSC or Delaware Media Group. Disclaimer: Participants have an implied responsibility to use the newly acquired information to enhance patient outcomes and their own professional development. The information presented in this activity is not meant to serve as a guideline for patient management. Any medications, diagnostic procedures, or treatments discussed in this publication should not be used by clinicians or other health-care professionals without first evaluating their patients' conditions, considering possible contraindications or risks, reviewing any applicable manufacturer's product information, and comparing any therapeutic approach with the recommendations of other authorities.
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- 2018
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40. Ethnic Disparity in the Incidence and Outcome of Biliary Atresia in New Zealand
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Hayley Wong, Sonja Farthing, Stephen P. Robertson, M. Innes Asher, Helen M. Evans, Sophia R. Cameron-Christie, John L. McCall, and Philip N. Morreau
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,Ethnic group ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biliary Atresia ,Biliary atresia ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Ethnicity ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Retrospective review ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Health Status Disparities ,medicine.disease ,Liver Transplantation ,Survival Rate ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Population data ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,New Zealand ,Demography - Abstract
To determine incidence and outcome of biliary atresia (BA) between ethnic groups in New Zealand (NZ), a retrospective review was undertaken of children with BA born between 2002 and 2014. Prioritized ethnicity was used to determine ethnicity and was compared to population data. Uni- and multivariate analyses were undertaken to determine demographic and biochemical factors associated with outcome. Overall incidence was 1 in 9181 (Māori 1 in 5285; European 1 in 16,228; P < 0.0001). Overall and transplant-free survival rates at 1, 2, and 5 years were 92%, 86%, 82% and 70%, 49%, 30% respectively with Māori having improved transplant-free survival (P < 0.05) despite European children undergoing Kasai earlier (49 vs 63 days). BA is more common in NZ than Europe and North America, which is attributable to a higher incidence in Māori but overall outcome is poorer. Māori have improved transplant-free survival compared to NZ European children but the reason is unknown.
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- 2018
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41. Biomechanical and physiological age differences in a simulated forward fall on outstretched hands in women
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Stéphanie J. Madill, Joel L. Lanovaz, Cathy M. Arnold, Soo Y. Kim, Jonathan P. Farthing, Lauren J. Lattimer, and Stephen N. Robinovitch
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Elbow ,Biophysics ,Isometric exercise ,Upper Extremity ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Elbow Joint ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Muscle Strength ,Aged ,Age differences ,Electromyography ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Torso ,Motor control ,030229 sport sciences ,Middle Aged ,Hand ,Trunk ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Upper limb ,Accidental Falls ,Female ,business ,Falling (sensation) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Falling on the outstretched hands, a protective mechanism to arrest the body and avoid injury, requires upper limb and trunk motor control for effective body descent. Older women are particularly susceptible to injury from a forward fall, but the biomechanical and physiological (e.g., muscle strength) factors related to this increased risk are poorly understood. Determining age differences in the modifiable neuromuscular factors related to a forward fall landing and descent could help to inform injury prevention strategies. The purpose was to investigate age related differences in upper extremity strength and fall arrest strategy differences during a simulated fall and to evaluate the relationships between muscle strength and biomechanical variables. Methods Nineteen younger (mean age 23.0 yrs., SD 3.8) and 16 older (mean age 68.2 yrs., SD 5.3) women performed five trials of simulated falls. Biomechanical measures and electromyographic muscle activity were recorded during the descents. Concentric, isometric and eccentric strength of the non-dominant upper limb was measured via a dynamometer using a customized protocol. Findings Older women demonstrated lower concentric elbow extension strength compared to younger women (p = 0.002). Landing strategies differed where younger women had significantly greater elbow joint angle (p = 0.006) and velocity (p = 0.02) at impact. Older women demonstrated diminished capacity to absorb energy and control descent on outstretched hands compared to younger women (p = 0.001). Interpretation The landing strategy used by older women along with decreased energy absorption may increase risk of fall-related injury and increase the likelihood of trunk or head impact with the ground.
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- 2018
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42. A Case of Concomitant Pemphigus Foliaceus and Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris
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Paula M. Farthing, Anne M. Hegarty, Alexandra C. Perks, and Ruth Murphy
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Case Report ,Skin Diseases ,Desmoglein ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Epitopes ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,immune system diseases ,Autoimmune disease ,medicine ,Humans ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Pemphigus foliaceus ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Pemphigus vulgaris ,Autoantibody ,Oral pemphigus vulgaris ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Pemphigus ,Oncology ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Concomitant ,Mouth Diseases ,Desmogleins ,business - Abstract
Pemphigus is a chronic autoimmune condition that can affect multiple areas of the body. The two main subtypes of pemphigus are pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) which can rarely occur concurrently or even transition from one to the other. The process of transition may be explained by qualitative changes in desmoglein autoantibody profile. We present a rare case of concomitant PF and oral PV and explore the literature on transitions between pemphigus subtypes and whether this case could represent a transition from PF to PV. Furthermore, the realities of multidisciplinary patient management are discussed.
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- 2018
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43. Differences in Function and Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women With and Without a Recent Distal Radius Fracture
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Adam Baxter-Jones, Philip D. Chilibeck, Brenna Bath, Katie L. Crockett, Jonathan P. Farthing, Cathy M. Arnold, and Saija A. Kontulainen
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Fracture risk ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Osteoporosis ,Significant group ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Fractures, Bone ,03 medical and health sciences ,Grip strength ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Gait ,Postural Balance ,Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ,Aged ,Balance (ability) ,Postmenopausal women ,Hand Strength ,business.industry ,Rehabilitation ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Physical activity level ,Postmenopause ,Case-Control Studies ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Distal radius fracture ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Radius Fractures ,business ,human activities ,Gerontology - Abstract
A distal radius fracture (DRF) is commonly the first fracture to occur in early postmenopausal women. The reasons for sustaining a DRF may be related to fall risk, bone fragility, or both. The objective of this study was to compare functional and fracture risk status in postmenopausal women with and without a recent DRF and explore the relationships between function, grip strength, and fracture risk status. Seventy-seven women a ges 50–78 with (n = 32) and without (n = 45) a history of DRF in the past 2 years participated. Balance, timed up and go (TUG), gait velocity, balance confidence, sit to stand, grip strength, and fracture risk were assessed. There was a significant group difference after controlling for physical activity level (Pillai’s Trace, p
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- 2018
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44. Residents as preceptors and educators: What we can learn from a national survey to improve our residency programs
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Bethany A. DiPaula, Bhavik M. Shah, Aaron Burton, Kate Farthing, Colleen Bush, Rima A. Mohammad, Phil Ayers, Vincent D. Marshall, and Vicki Basalyga
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Adult ,Male ,Time Factors ,Demographics ,education ,Internship, Nonmedical ,Pharmacy ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Employment outcomes ,Accreditation ,Medical education ,business.industry ,Teaching ,Pharmacy education ,Residency program ,Quality Improvement ,United States ,Education, Pharmacy ,Precept ,Preceptorship ,Workforce ,Female ,business ,Program Evaluation ,Pharmacy Residencies - Abstract
Introduction Developing pharmacy residents into effective preceptors is essential to meet the demands of pharmacy education. A survey was created to assess the availability of resident precepting educational opportunities, identify common barriers associated with developing preceptors’ skills, and discover strategies to optimize programming. Methods An online survey focused on the development of residents as preceptors was e-mailed to all residency program directors (RPD) for American Society of Health-System Pharmacists accredited residencies in the United States. Information was collected on program demographics, level of support and precepting activities offered and resident employment outcomes. Results Five hundred thirty-eight responses were received. The majority were postgraduate year one RPDs and had less than six residents. Sixty-one percent of programs were affiliated with a college of pharmacy. Seventy-eight percent devoted 10 hours or less per month in developing residents as preceptors with 33% providing less than five hours. Seventy-one percent of the residency programs did not offer a formal precepting rotation. However, 59% of respondents indicated that their residency graduates frequently accepted positions, which required teaching/precepting. The most common barriers to developing residents as preceptors included: lack of time for residents to precept within the residency structure (41%), availability of preceptors to mentor residents throughout experience (33%) and lack of preceptors’ availability to mentor residents’ precepting abilities over time (30%). Discussion and conclusions RPDs should prioritize training of residents as preceptors. Requiring residents to serve as primary preceptors in rotations dedicated to teaching is important to prepare for future job responsibilities.
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- 2018
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45. Remote experiment with WEST from ITER Remote Experimentation Centre
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P. Moreau, T. Hutter, T. Salmon, S. Clement-Lorenzo, Norihiro Nakajima, S. Suzuki, Y. Ishii, Hideya Nakanishi, Yoshiteru Sakamoto, R. Sano, T. Ozeki, E. Joffrin, Y. Sugie, M. Fukuda, T. Loarer, G. Giruzzi, J. Farthing, Nobuyuki Asakura, J. Signoret, Frederic Imbeaux, Shinsuke Tokunaga, Filippo Sartori, T. Nakano, E. Tsitrone, G. De Tommasi, Hideo Ohtsu, Tokunaga, S., Moreau, P., Signoret, J., Imbeaux, F., Tsitrone, E., Loarer, T., Salmon, T., Hutter, T., Giruzzi, G., Joffrin, E., De Tommasi, G., Sartori, F., Farthing, J., Nakanishi, H., Ozeki, T., Asakura, N., Sakamoto, Y., Ohtsu, H., Sugie, Y., Suzuki, S., Fukuda, M., Nakano, T., Sano, R., Ishii, Y., Clement-Lorenzo, S., and Nakajima, N.
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Schedule ,Tokamak ,Distributed database ,Broadband networks ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Real-time computing ,Round-trip delay time ,Fusion power ,01 natural sciences ,Field (computer science) ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Session (computer science) ,010306 general physics ,business ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Remote experiment with WEST tokamak in CEA Cadarache from ITER Remote Experimentation Centre (REC) in Rokkasho had been successfully carried out under the agreement between the Government of Japan and the European Atomic Energy Community for the joint implementation of the Broader Approach (BA) activities in the field of fusion energy research. The WEST and the REC sites were connected with the international broadband network for science and education of SINET, GEANT and RENATER. Due to a long distance over 10,000 km of two sites, the latency was about 200 ms (round trip time) in total via the direct line between EU and Japan of SINET5. Based on the communication between local and remote participants, plasma discharges were successfully executed repeatedly according to the pulse schedule produced by remote Session Leader after the approval by Engineer in Charge on WEST site. Intershot analyses were successfully executed during the pulse interval on an analysis server prepared in Partners network in the WEST for external collaborator. Full function required for the remote experiments were successfully demonstrated in the large size tokamak facility, WEST. For remote participation of ITER, however, it is expected that the amount of experimental data and the number of remote participations will become very large. Distributed database system based on data replication using high-speed data transferring method and distributed computing resources in local and remote sites are proposed as a possible solution in ITER.
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- 2020
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46. Status of the ITER remote experimentation centre
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Gabriele Manduchi, E. Joffrin, Makoto Matsukawa, A. Mele, Y. Miyata, O. Naito, Kenjiro Yamanaka, Massimiliano Mattei, M. Namekawa, T. Oshima, A. Wakasa, Hirotaka Kubo, Hajime Urano, Norihiro Nakajima, V. Vitale, J.F. Artaud, S. Clement Lorenzo, M. Wheatley, Frederic Imbeaux, T. Ozeki, Filippo Sartori, P. Barbato, S. Ohira, J. Noe, Shunsuke Ide, G. De Tommasi, Y. Ishii, G. Giruzzi, J. Farthing, F. Robin, Nobuhiko Hayashi, O. Hemming, Annette M. Hynes, Hideya Nakanishi, T. Totsuka, A. Rigoni, Farthing, J., Ozeki, T., Clement Lorenzo, S., Nakajima, N., Sartori, F., De Tommasi, G., Manduchi, G., Barbato, P., Rigoni, A., Vitale, V., Giruzzi, G., Mattei, M., Mele, A., Imbeaux, F., Artaud, J. -F., Robin, F., Noe, J., Joffrin, E., Hynes, A., Hemming, O., Wheatley, M., O’Hira, S., Ide, S., Ishii, Y., Matsukawa, M., Kubo, H., Totsuka, T., Urano, H., Naito, O., Hayashi, N., Miyata, Y., Namekawa, M., Wakasa, A., Oshima, T., Nakanishi, H., Yamanaka, K., and O'Hira, S.
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IFERC ,Computer science ,Broadband networks ,JT-60SA ,BA ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Remote experimentation ,CODAC ,Data visualization ,Software ,ITER ,0103 physical sciences ,Tape library ,General Materials Science ,010306 general physics ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,business.industry ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Materials Science (all) ,Mechanical Engineering ,Fusion power ,Supercomputer ,Computer data storage ,Data analysis ,Systems engineering ,business - Abstract
The ITER Remote Experimentation Centre (REC) project (one of the three sub-projects of the International Fusion Energy Research Centre (IFERC)) is progressing under the agreement between the Government of Japan and the European Atomic Energy Community for the joint implementation of the Broader Approach (BA) activities in the field of fusion energy research. The objectives of the REC activity are to identify the functions and solve the technical issues for the construction of the REC for ITER at Rokkasho, and to develop the remote experiment system and verify the functions required for remote experimentation by using the Satellite Tokamak (JT-60SA) facilities to facilitate the future exploitation of ITER and JT-60SA. The functions of REC will be tested, and the total system will be demonstrated using JT-60SA and existing facilities in the EU, such as JET and WEST. The hardware of the REC has been prepared in Rokkasho Japan, which has the remote experiment room with a large video wall to show the plasma and operation status, IT equipment and a storage system by the reuse of the Helios supercomputer tape library. A broadband network infrastructure of 10Gbps has been installed connected to SINET5. Using this network system, fast data transfer from ITER to REC was examined in 2016, and the transfer of the data volumes expected for the initial ITER experiments has been demonstrated. A secure remote experimentation system has been developed, using JT-60SA, that has functions for preparing and setting of shot parameters, viewing the status of control data, streaming of the plasma status, data-exchange function of shot events, and monitoring of the facility operation. Remote data analysis techniques, data visualisation software, a documentation management and experiment planning system and numerical simulation codes for the preparation and performance estimation of discharges have also been developed.
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- 2018
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47. Health professional students' rural placement satisfaction and rural practice intentions: a national cross-sectional survey
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Keith Sutton, Annie Farthing, Merylin Cross, Kuda Muyambi, Tony Smith, Sabrina Winona Pit, Claire Courtney, Daniel Terry, Smith, Tony, Sutton, Keith, Pit, Sabrina, Muyambi, Kuda, Terry, Daniel, Farthing, Annie, Courtney, Claire, and Cross, Merylin
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,retention ,Adolescent ,020205 medical informatics ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,Cross-sectional study ,education ,Sample (statistics) ,Personal Satisfaction ,02 engineering and technology ,Job Satisfaction ,Indigenous ,Odds ,health workforce ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Health care ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Students ,Career Choice ,Education, Medical ,student placement ,business.industry ,Rural health ,Professional Practice Location ,Australia ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,recruitment ,Family medicine ,Community health ,Female ,Family Practice ,business ,Accommodation - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to profile students undertaking placements at University Departments of Rural Health (UDRHs) and investigate factors affecting students' satisfaction and intention to enter rural practice. Design: Cross-sectional survey comprising 21 core questions used by all UDRHs. Setting: Eleven UDRHs across Australia that support students' placements in regional, rural and remote locations. Participants: Medical, nursing and allied health students who participated in UDRH placements between July 2014 and November 2015 and completed the questionnaire. Main outcome measures: Key dependent variables were placement satisfaction and rural practice intention. Descriptive variables were age, gender, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) background, location of placement, healthcare discipline, year of study and typ e and length of placement. Results: A total of 3328 students responded. The sample was predominantly female (79%), the mean age was 26.0 years and 1.8% identified as ATSI. Most placements (69%) were > 2 but ≤12 weeks, 80% were in Modified Monash 3, 4 or 5 geographical locations. Public hospitals and community health made up 63% of placements. Students satisfied with their placement had 2.33 higher odds of rural practice intention. Those satisfied with Indigenous cultural training, workplace supervision, access to education resources and accommodation had higher odds of overall satisfaction and post-placement rural practice intention. Conclusions: The majority of students were highly satisfied with their placement and the support provided by rural clinicians and the UDRHs. UDRHs are well placed to provide health professional students with highly satisfactory placements that foster rural practice intention. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
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- 2018
48. A DELPHI STUDY TO DETERMINE THE KEY QUALITIES CONSULTANT HISTOPATHOLOGISTS USE TO DETERMINE DIAGNOSTIC COMPETENCY IN TRAINEES
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Paula M. Farthing, Daniel J. Brierley, and Sandra Zijlstra-Shaw
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Medical education ,business.industry ,Qualitative interviews ,Delphi method ,Patient care ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Consistency (negotiation) ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Dentistry (miscellaneous) ,Surgery ,Oral Surgery ,business ,Curriculum ,Competence (human resources) - Abstract
Background There has been no clear description of what constitutes “diagnostic competence” in histopathology. We have published qualitative interview data exploring this concept that were used to devise a framework describing how consultants identify diagnostic competence in trainees. Objective A Delphi study was conducted to triangulate and determine the relative importance of the key qualities of trainees derived from the qualitative interviews. Methods Twelve participants were purposively chosen to form an expert panel of relevant stakeholders within the United Kingdom. Participants were asked to score and rank the items presented to them. Results A total of 22 out of 27 of the key qualities of trainees reached “consensus in,” suggesting that participants were able to agree that the majority of the items identified in the qualitative interviews were important to diagnostic competence. Five qualities reached “no consensus” and none reached “consensus out.” Participants did not suggest any additional qualities. Participants particularly valued qualities of reflection and professionalism and trainees who understood the process of reaching a diagnosis and how their pathological report could impact patient care. This culminated in entrusting work to trainees. Conclusions This study has triangulated findings from qualitative interviews and shows that consultants value a wide variety of qualities when determining trainees’ diagnostic competence. The judgment is complex and should be assessed longitudinally. Consultants can then assess consistency of both approach to diagnosis and trainee behavior. Curricula should focus on what trainees do in the workplace rather than demonstration of individual competencies.
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- 2021
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49. Rural and Remote Continuing Nursing Education: An Integrative Literature Review
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Michelle Pavloff, Elsie Duff, and Pamela Farthing
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Community and Home Care ,030504 nursing ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Specialty ,Economic shortage ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Work (electrical) ,Nursing ,Health care ,Integrative literature review ,Applied research ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Nurse education ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology ,Autonomy ,media_common - Abstract
Background: Rural and remote nursing has unique practice requirements that create a need for distinct education and practice preparation. Preparing registered nurses (RNs) to work in rural and remote communities is essential for the support and advancement of rural and remote health, as there is a shortage of rural and remote health care providers. Purpose: An integrative literature review was conducted to identify the current continuing education needs of rural and remote RNs internationally. Sample: Eight studies were included in the integrative review of the literature. Countries reported in the literature included Canada ( n = 2), Australia ( n = 2), Sweden ( n = 1) and the United States ( n = 3). Method: An integrative literature review on rural and remote nursing practice continuing education was conducted using Torraco’s (2005) guidelines, in addition to Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) methodological strategies. A search strategy was created, tested, and approved by the research team.Themes were extracted, collated, analyzed, and knowledge synthesized. Findings: Rural and remote RNs identified areas requiring enhanced ongoing training. The identified training areas were summarized into the following four themes: 1) Comprehensive specialized nursing practice for direct patient care, 2) Unanticipated events, 3) Non-direct patient care, and 4) Advanced specialty courses. Conclusion: The autonomy, competency, and expertise that is expected of RNs working in rural and remote locations requires educational supports. Rural and remote nursing continuing education is required in the areas of: comprehensive specialized nursing practice for direct patient care, unanticipated events, non-direct patient care, and advanced specialty courses. Keywords : continuing education, integrative review, registered nurse(s), remote, rural Acknowledgements: The authors thank Saskatchewan Polytechnic for partial funding of this review through the Seed Applied Research Program. The authors also thank their research team member Chau Ha and research assistant Devendrakumar Kanani for their contributions to this integrative review.
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- 2017
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50. The effects of supramaximal versus submaximal intensity eccentric training when performed until volitional fatigue
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Philip D. Chilibeck, Jonathan P. Farthing, and Joel R. Krentz
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,Physical Exertion ,education ,Concentric ,Physical strength ,Muscle hypertrophy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Physiology (medical) ,Elbow ,Humans ,Medicine ,Eccentric ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Muscle Strength ,Exertion ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Rating of perceived exertion ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030229 sport sciences ,General Medicine ,Intensity (physics) ,Muscle Fatigue ,Eccentric training ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Muscle Contraction ,Physical Conditioning, Human - Abstract
Our purpose was to compare supramaximal versus submaximal intensity eccentric training performed until volitional fatigue. Thirty-two young adults (19 males) were randomized into one of three groups: (1) ECC110 performed eccentric (ECC) only contractions at 110% of concentric (CON) 1-repetition maximum (1RM); (2) ECC80 performed ECC only contractions at 80% of CON 1RM; (3) a control group. Training progressed from 3 to 6 sets of unilateral ECC training of the elbow flexors over 8 weeks, with each set performed until volitional fatigue. Elbow flexors muscle thickness (via ultrasound) and 1RM were assessed pre- and post-training. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle soreness was self-reported. Both ECC110 (+0.25 cm) and ECC80 (+0.21 cm) showed a greater post-training increase in muscle thickness compared to control (−0.01 cm) (p
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- 2017
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