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Aim: The aim of this Systematic Review is to compare the survival rate of teeth autotransplantation with immediate implant placement in cases of singular loss of teeth and obtain a clinical recommendation for similar cases. Materials And Methods: The research will be conducted by two independent reviewers in PubMed search and it will include studies from January 2017 to December 2020.The survival rate of both immediate implant placement and tooth autotransplantation will be evaluated in different follow-up times and the information compiled in several metaanalyses.

The I‐MOVE‐COVID‐19 network has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 101003673. Background : Claims of influenza vaccination increasing COVID-19 risk are circulating. Within the I-MOVE-COVID-19 primary care multicentre study, we measured the association between 2019-20 influenza vaccination and COVID-19. Methods : We conducted a multicentre test-negative case-control study at primary care level, in study sites in five European countries, from March to August 2020. Patients presenting with acute respiratory infection were swabbed, with demographic, 2019-20 influenza vaccination and clinical information documented. Using logistic regression, we measured the adjusted odds ratio (aOR), adjusting for study site and age, sex, calendar time, presence of chronic conditions. The main analysis included patients swabbed ≤7 days after onset from the three countries with

Health, safety and injury prevention actions should be prioritized in aquaculture, where workers are exposed to a wide range of risks. This paper is based on a scoping report by a group of international experts, funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and administered by Fisheries and Aquaculture Workers Network of the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations (IUF). Relevant literature was reviewed and the study drew on an international workshop to develop templates and related for regional and national aquaculture occupational safety and health (AOSH) profiles. The literature review included Scielo and Google Scholar databases as well as Google and Brazilian government websites. The searches included material in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The results reported here give an overview of Brazilian AOSH and hazards and cover Brazilian and relevant international worker health and safety laws and organization applicable to the particular hazards in aquaculture. There is a special emphasis on the position of children and women workers linked to the wider social organization of work and welfare, and finally the challenges to and possibilities for good AOSH. Despite major developments in aquaculture production, much still needs to be improved to ensure the safety and health of workers in the sector.

Cardiovascular complications, in particular perioperative myocardial infarctions, are central contributors to morbidity and mortality after non-cardiac surgery. We present a case of a 41-year-old male, smoker and dyslipidemic, who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic jaw surgery with the development of an acute coronary syndrome in the immediate postoperative period. We managed to early diagnose the myocardial infarction and promptly performed a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, resulting in a positive outcome.

Resumen Las complicaciones cardiovasculares, en particular el infarto de miocardio perioperatorio, contribuyen significativamente a la morbimortalidad tras la cirugia no cardiaca. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 41 anos de edad, fumador, con dislipidemia, sometido a una cirugia ortognatica bimaxilar, que desarrollo un sindrome coronario agudo en el periodo postoperatorio inmediato. El infarto agudo de miocardio se diagnostico de manera temprana, realizandose de inmediato una angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutanea, que se tradujo en un resultado y evolucion favorables.

Background During the 2017/18 and 2018/19 influenza seasons, molecular amplification-based point-of-care tests (mPOCT) were introduced in Scotland to aid triaging respiratory patients for hospital admission, yet communication of results to national surveillance was unaccounted for. Aim This retrospective study aims to describe steps taken to capture mPOCT data and assess impact on influenza surveillance. Methods Questionnaires determined mPOCT usage in 2017/18 and 2018/19. Searches of the Electronic Communication of Surveillance in Scotland (ECOSS) database were performed and compared with information stored in laboratory information management systems. Effect of incomplete data on surveillance was determined by comparing routine against enhanced data and assessing changes in influenza activity levels determined by the moving epidemic method. Results The number of areas employing mPOCT increased over the two seasons (6/14 in 2017/18 and 8/14 in 2018/19). Analysis of a small number of areas (n = 3) showed capture of positive mPOCT results in ECOSS improved between seasons and remained high (> 94%). However, capture of negative results was incomplete. Despite small discrepancies in weekly activity assessments, routine data were able to identify trend, start, peak and end of both influenza seasons. Conclusion This study has shown an improvement in capture of data from influenza mPOCT and has highlighted issues that need to be addressed for results to be accurately captured in national surveillance. With the clear benefit to patient management we suggest careful consideration should be given to the connectivity aspects of the technology in order to ensure minimal impact on national surveillance.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia in the elderly. The clinical symptoms of AD include a progressive loss of memory and impairment of cognitive functions interfering with daily life activities. The main neuropathological features consist in extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and intracellular Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated Tau. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie neurodegeneration in AD is essential for rational design of neuroprotective agents able to prevent disease progression. According to the “Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis” the critical molecular event in the pathogenesis of AD is the accumulation of Aβ neurotoxic oligomers. Since the proteolytic processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by β-secretase (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, BACE1) is the rate-limiting step in the production of Aβ, this enzyme is considered a major therapeutic target and BACE1 inhibitors have the potential to be disease-modifying drugs for AD treatment. Therefore, intensive efforts to discover and develop inhibitors that can reach the brain and effectively inhibit BACE1 have been pursued by several groups worldwide. The aim of this review is to highlight the progress in the discovery of potent and selective small molecule BACE1 inhibitors over the past decade.

Scotland observed an unusual influenza A(H3N2)-\ud dominated 2017/18 influenza season with healthcare\ud services under significant pressure. We report the\ud application of the moving epidemic method (MEM) to\ud virology data as a tool to predict the influenza peak\ud activity period and peak week of swab positivity in the\ud current season. This novel MEM application has been\ud successful locally and is believed to be of potential use\ud to other countries for healthcare planning and building\ud wider community resilience.

Background Increased serum IgE levels are characteristic but not specific for allergic diseases. Particularly, severe atopic dermatitis (AD) overlaps with hyper-IgE syndromes (HIES) regarding eczema, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE levels. HIES are primary immunodeficiencies due to monogenetic defects such as in the genes DOCK8 and STAT3. As it is not known to date why allergic manifestations are not present in all HIES entities, we assessed the specificity of serum IgE of AD and HIES patients in the context of clinical and immunological findings. Methods Clinical data, skin prick tests, specific IgE to aero- and food allergens, and T helper (Th) subpopulations were compared in AD and molecularly defined HIES patients. Results Total serum IgE levels were similarly increased in STAT3-HIES, DOCK8-HIES, and AD patients. The ratio of aeroallergen-specific IgE to total IgE was highest in AD, whereas DOCK8-HIES patients showed the highest specific serum IgE against food allergens. Overall, clinical allergy and skin prick test results complied with the specific IgE results. Th2-cell numbers were significantly increased in DOCK8-HIES and AD patients compared to STAT3-HIES patients and controls. AD patients showed significantly higher nTreg-cell counts compared to STAT3-HIES and control individuals. High Th17-cell counts were associated with asthma. Specific IgE values, skin prick test, and T-cell subsets of STAT3-HIES patients were comparable with those of healthy individuals except decreased Th17-cell counts. Conclusion Hyper-IgE syndromes and atopic dermatitis patients showed different sensitization pattern of serum IgE corresponding to the allergic disease manifestations and Th-cell subset data, suggesting a key role of DOCK8 in the development of food allergy.

Approximately 10-15% of all pregnancies end in spontaneous abortions. Many factors can lead to embryonic loss; however, it has been well established that over 50% of all miscarriages result from chromosomal abnormalities, primarily aneuploidies (>96%). Identifying the cause of miscarriage can significantly reduce the psychological stress in women, and enable better genetic counseling for a future pregnancy. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) has been previously used in the study of chromosomal abnormalities. In this retrospective study, the frequency of aneuploidy in samples of 130 miscarriages undergone by patients (age average: 34.1 ± 4.6 years) at our institution was determined by QF-PCR using short tandem repeat markers. The gender of the miscarriage cases was determined by amplifying the amelogenin locus (70 males and 60 females). Seventy-one of these cases (54.6%) presented aneuploidies such as trisomy, monosomy, triploidy, and double trisomy. Trisomy 22 was the most common aneuploidy (present in 14 cases), followed by trisomy 15, trisomy 16, and monosomy X. We also observed monosomy at chromosomes X and 21 and a case with multiple aneuploidies at chromosomes 16 and 22. The most common aneuploidies associated with miscarriages were detected by QF-PCR; therefore, we concluded that QF-PCR is a rapid and reliable method for the detection of aneuploidy, and can be used as an accessory to the widely used karyotype analysis.

The increased use of ISM frequencies (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) has caused interference problems and lack of availability of resources for wireless networks. Cognitive Radios (CR) emerged as an alternative to reduce interferences and intelligently use the spectrum. Several protocols have been developed to solve these problems, however, they focus on spectrum sensing or spectrum decision. This paper presents ISCRa (Intelligent Sensing for Cognitive Radios), a MAC protocol based on artificial neural networks and data obtained from regulatory agencies. Results demonstrate that ISCRa obtained higher delivery rate in high traffic when compared to CogMAC and AHP protocols, while maintaining the latency.

Issue/problem Physical activity is widely recognized as a cornerstone of type 2 diabetes treatment and control. However most individuals with type 2 diabetes do not engage in physical activity on a regular basis. This work aims to present Diabetes em Movimento® a community-based exercise program for lifestyle intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes and the major results of a 4-year experience in Portugal. Description …

This paper presents information regarding the installation of Intelligent Well Completions in Lula and Sapinhoá fields, at the Santos Basin Pre-salt Cluster. The technology is intended to improve reservoir management capability by using remote operated flow control valves and real time pressure and temperature monitoring for each perforated interval, which corresponds to different reservoir zones. The benefits are obtained at the expense of additional challenges for well engineering, since well completion design becomes more complex and overall associated risks increase. Detailed and integrated planning is essential for the success of the operations, starting at the earliest phases of the well design and continued through detailed execution plans. The project team considered integration between downhole, subsea and topside systems as one of the main concerns during different planning phases. First intelligent completion installations have been successful in pre-salt area, with no compromise to projects timeline or to the system performance. Applying the best practices learned during initial installations has been a key factor to achieve even better results in the following wells. Approximately 25 wells have been equipped with intelligent completions in Santos basin pre-salt area. Significant increase in performance and implementation time has been observed as a considerable amount of improvements have been made on system design and installations procedures.

The 2014/15 influenza season in the United Kingdom (UK) was characterised by circulation of predominantly antigenically and genetically drifted influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses. A universal paediatric influenza vaccination programme using a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has recently been introduced in the UK. This study aims to measure the end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE), including for LAIV, using the test negative case–control design. The overall adjusted VE against all influenza was 34.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 17.8 to 47.5); for A(H3N2) 29.3% (95% CI: 8.6 to 45.3) and for B 46.3% (95% CI: 13.9 to 66.5). For those aged under 18 years, influenza A(H3N2) LAIV VE was 35% (95% CI: −29.9 to 67.5), whereas for influenza B the LAIV VE was 100% (95% CI:17.0 to 100.0). Although the VE against influenza A(H3N2) infection was low, there was still evidence of significant protection, together with moderate, significant protection against drifted circulating influenza B viruses. LAIV provided non-significant positive protection against influenza A, with significant protection against B. Further work to assess the population impact of the vaccine programme across the UK is underway.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of overuse syndrome in classical and flamenco guitarists from Andalucia (Spain). Of the 64 professional guitarists who participated in the study, 75% showed symptoms of overuse syndrome. Considering the fact that classical and flamenco are two distinct styles of guitar playing, 62.5% of the classical guitarists who took part in the study were affected by some kind of overuse syndrome, versus 87.5% of the flamenco guitarists (p = 0.021). Among the guitarists affected by overuse syndrome, a total of 50% of the classical and 82.1% of the flamenco guitarists reported deterioration in their playing ability (p = 0.018). The specific symptom for which there was a difference in distribution in the two groups was tension in the upper extremities, reported more frequently by the flamenco guitarists. The higher incidence of problems and the greater perception of tension among the flamenco guitarists are attributed mainly to the plucking technique they use, which requires greater effort from the extensor muscles of the fingers, as well as the need to produce a higher volume of sound due to the nature of playing in groups.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a powerful functional imaging technique targeted for in vivo quantification and localization of physiological and pathophysiological functions. The possibility to develop a vast number of diseases in transgenic and knockout mice, and the chance to follow the onset of the diseases and the evolution of the treatment efficacy in an individual basis, made PET the third preferred preclinical imaging technique (20%) in research and development of new drug therapies [1]. Two features are mandatory in a preclinical PET system: a high Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) Spatial Resolution (SR), comprised between 0.40 and 0.27 mm for mice, so as to achieve the same level of detail of current state-of-the art PET scanners for humans [2], and a sensitivity as high as possible, to allow to differentiate and quantify a subtle signal in the presence of significant background counts [3]. Commercially available state-of-the-art preclinical PET systems make use of detectors based on segmented inorganic scintillation crystals coupled to photodetectors [2]. To reduce the complexity and cost, light multiplexing is used to decode the position of interaction of annihilation photons [3]. This scheme poses some limitations to the sensitivity and SR attained by preclinical PET systems, due to, among other problems, the difficulty of measuring efficiently the Depth-Of-Interaction [3]. The best reported values for the sensitivity and SR of current commercially available preclinical PET systems, are of, respectively, ∼10% and ∼1 mm FWHM [2]. Timing Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are gaseous detectors with resistive parallel plate electrodes (made of glass) separated by small (∼300 μm thick) and precise amplification gaps filled with an appropriate gas mixture. For the detection of photons, these are first converted into electrons in the resistive plates in an electronic cascade process. Some of the originated electrons will eventually escape to the amplification gap, where they will be accelerated by a uniform electric field, leading to a Townsend avalanche, which induces a current in a set of signal pickup strips. These low cost detectors have an excellent time resolution of 300 ps FWHM for 511 keV photon pairs, an excellent intrinsic SR, the readout being in almost full 3D mode. Recently, we developed a first fully functional prototype of a preclinical RPC-PET scanner for mice, which revealed a SR of 0.4 mm FWHM after image reconstruction by a Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization type algorithm. Preliminary tests with mice, preformed at the Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS — Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Aplicada as Saude) of the University of Coimbra, shown the capability of the system to clearly identify the very small brain structures of mice, as well as the heart walls. The results obtained thus far are very promising, revealing unprecedented SR.

Optoelectronic, structural, and mechanical properties of hydrogenated amorphous germanium carbon (a-Ge1−xCx:H) alloys are presented. The films were prepared by the rf cosputtering technique using graphite-germanium composite targets. Films with carbon contents in the 0

In the last decade, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) composed of ionic liquids (ILs) and inorganic salts have been largely explored as novel extractive platforms. The use of ILs as phase-forming components in ATPS has led to outstanding extraction performances compared to more traditional approaches. Nevertheless, despite those exceptional achievements, IL regeneration, recycling and reuse lagged behind and still remain a challenging task towards the development of greener cost-effective processes. Aiming at overcoming these shortcomings, the phase diagrams of novel ATPS composed of imidazolium-based ILs and Na2CO3 or Na2SO4 were determined and their extraction efficiencies for a model antioxidant – gallic acid – were evaluated. The most promising IL-based ATPS were then used in sequential two-step cycles (product extraction/IL recovery) so as to evaluate the efficacy on the IL recyclability and reusability. Extraction efficiency values ranging between 73% and 99% were obtained in four sequential partitioning experiments involving gallic acid while allowing the regeneration of 94–95% of the IL and further reutilization. Moreover, to support the vast applicability of the back-extraction routes and the recyclability concept proposed here, the most prominent systems were further tested with two additional antioxidants, namely syringic and vanillic acids. In both examples, the extraction efficiencies were higher than 97%. The remarkable results obtained in this work support the establishment of IL-based ATPS as a sound basis of greener cost-effective strategies with a substantial reduction in the environmental footprint and economical issues.

Hyperchloremia is one of the multiple etiologies of metabolic acidosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of chloride dialysate on metabolic acidosis control in this population. We enrolled 30 patients in maintenance HD program with a standard base excess (SBE) ≤2 mEq/L and urine output of less than 100 mL/24 h. The patients underwent dialysis three times per week with a chloride dialysate concentration of 111 mEq/L for 4 weeks, and thereafter with a chloride dialysate concentration of 107 mEq/L for the next 4 weeks. Arterial blood was drawn immediately before the second dialysis session of the week at the end of each phase, and the Stewart physicochemical approach was applied. The strong ion gap (SIG) decreased (from 7.5 ± 2.0 to 6.2 ± 1.9 mEq/L, P = 0.006) and the standard base excess (SBE) increased after the use of 107 mEq/L chloride dialysate (from -6.64 ± 1.7 to -4.73 ± 1.9 mEq/L, P < 0.0001). ∆SBE was inversely correlated with ∆SIG during the phases of the study (Pearson r = -0.684, P < 0.0001) and there was no correlation with ∆chloride. When we applied the Stewart model, we demonstrated that the lower concentration of chloride dialysate interfered with the control of metabolic acidosis in HD patients, surprisingly, through the effect on unmeasured anions.

Structures and industrial equipment often operate in environments where temperature variations take place. Although thermal effects may be negligible in some cases, they have caused the unexpected failure of mechanical systems many times. Whether or not temperature has significant effects on the dynamical behavior of such machines and structures depends upon several aspects, amongst which are geometry, material properties and boundary conditions. In this paper we investigate the dynamical behavior of a clamped beam under the influence of a uniform, quasi-statically varying temperature field. An analytical model was used, based on Euler-Bernoulli’s beam theory with the introduction of the proper boundary conditions. Temperature effects are included in terms of an axial force that shows up when the beam tends to thermally expand, but this expansion is restrained by the clamping. Preliminary results do not agree with experimental data, since perfect clamping is difficult to achieve in practice. Finally the model is updated with the inclusion of axial and torsional springs connecting the beam to the support. The spring constants were calculated through optimization procedure to minimize the differences between the natural frequencies obtained from the analytical model and the corresponding experimental ones. Agreement with experimental results is reasonable up to the 4th mode of the beam. In the future, this analytical model is to be used for design and simulation of an active controller that accounts for temperature changes in the structure.Copyright © 2002 by ASME

Appropriate regionally-based training is of major importance for improving the market penetration of basic PV systems in developing countries. This communication describes an initiative at a Brazilian university where science and engineering undergraduates are encouraged to fabricate, test, and package crystalline silicon solar cells.

Introduction Harmful effects of medicines should be reviewed with similar rigour as therapeutic benefits. Most evidence on harms is obtained from post marketing surveillance, so the use of meta-analysis to pool safety information presents challenges of inherent biases and differences in study designs. Yet, it9s crucial to provide an accurate safety profile of pharmacological interventions. We aimed to describe the data sources of published meta-analysis of adverse drug effects. Method We searched meta-analysis published in the last 5 years in six medical journals with the highest impact factor. All the meta-analysis focussing primarily on adverse effects of pharmacological interventions, with pooled results, were included and the characteristics assessed. Results A total of 61 meta-analysis were included, 16 were published in JAMA, 13 in Lancet, 11 in BMJ, 10 in Ann Intern Med, nine in Arch Intern Med and two in NEJM. Of these 90.2% (n=55) included only experimental studies, two included only observational studies and four meta-analysis comprised both type of studies. Less than half (47.5%; n=29) of the meta-analysis assessed the quality of the included studies according to specified recommendation statements, and only 18 (29.5%) considered unpublished studies. Conclusion The majority of meta-analysis of adverse drug effects included only experimental studies, less than half assessed their quality and few considered unpublished studies. These results reinforce the need for methodological research to clarify the role of meta-analysis in Pharmacovigilance and evaluate how to pool safety information from different surveillance methods, to provide an accurate safety profile of pharmacological interventions.