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Context Soluble alpha klotho (sαKL) has been linked to growth hormone (GH) action, but systematic evaluation and comparisons with traditional biomarkers in acromegaly are lacking. Objective To evaluate the potential of sαKL to aid classification of disease activity. Methods This retrospective study at 2 academic centers included acromegaly patients before surgery (A, n = 29); after surgery (controlled, discordant, or uncontrolled) without (B1, B2, B3, n = 28, 11, 8); or with somatostatin analogue treatment (C1, C2, C3, n = 17, 11, 5); nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (n = 20); and healthy controls (n = 31). sαKL was measured by immunoassay and compared with traditional biomarkers (random and nadir GH, insulin-like growth factor I [IGF-I], IGF binding protein 3). Associations with disease activity were assessed. Results sαKL was correlated to traditional biomarkers, particularly IGF-I (rs=0.80, P Conclusion Our data support sαKL as a biomarker to assess disease activity in acromegaly. sαKL exhibits close association with GH secretory status, large dynamic range, and robustness toward biological confounders. Its measurement could be helpful particularly when GH and IGF-I provide discrepant information.

To compare the outcomes of patients with low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) treated with standard 8-day methotrexate/folinic acid (MTX/FA) versus modified regimen.Retrospective cohort study of patients with low-risk GTN followed at Rio de Janeiro Federal University, from January/1990-December/2017 with standard 8-day MTX/FA or modified regimen (MTX administered on the 8th day rather than 7th) to avoid treatment on the weekend.From 937 patients with low-risk GTN, 538 were treated with standard MTX/FA and 98 patients received modified regimen. Both groups were comparable in age (p = .749), antecedent pregnancy (p = .221), time to initiate chemotherapy (p = .926), hCG pretreatment level (p = .112) and WHO/FIGO prognostic risk score (p = .723). Patients treated with modified MTX/FA had twice of cases of metastatic lung disease compared with the standard regimen (22.5% vs 10.6%; p = .002). The rate of remission (p = .999), number of cycles to remission in the first-line (p = .966), chemoresistance (p = .500), time to switch to second-line therapy (p = .176), need for multiagent chemotherapy (p = .084), relapse (p = .122) or death (p = .475) was the same for both MTX/FA regimen. However, although patients receiving modified MTX/FA required a higher total number of remission cycles (6 vs 5 cycles; p = .004) and longer time to remission (19 vs 16 weeks; p .001) when compared with the standard regimen, these variables showed no significant differences after multivariate logistic regression adjusted for lung metastasis.The modified 8-day MTX/FA regimen didn't compromise oncologic outcomes for women with low-risk GTN. This regimen appears to be an acceptable alternative to standard 8-day MTX/FA when treatment on weekend isn't an option.

PURPOSE Little is known, or has been published previously, regarding consolidated data on the epidemiology of gynecologic cancers (GC) in Brazil. This article describes the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of women in Brazil affected with GC between the years of 2000 and 2017. METHODS Incidence, morbidity, and mortality data from patients with a diagnosis of one out of the five most common GC, cervical (CC), uterine (UC), ovarian (OC), vulvar (VvC), and vaginal (VgC), were obtained from three governmental sources of data. RESULTS From 2000 to 2015 CC, OC, and VgC incidence rates (IRs) decreased, whereas the IRs for UC and VvC remained relatively stable. Data from 382,932 women with GC were analyzed. Most patients presented with locally advanced or advanced disease at diagnosis: 60.1% of patients with CC, 31.2% of patients with UC, 67.2% of patients with OC, 45.2% of patients with VvC, and 67.0% of patients with VgC. Time from diagnosis to first treatment was ≥ 60 days in 58.0% of patients with CC, 58.5% of patients with UC, 27.0% of patients with OC, 55.3% of patients with VvC, and 52.7% of patients with VgC. Regarding mortality rates (MRs), with the exception of CC, UC, and VvC, which showed a slight decrease, MRs remained stable between 2000 and 2017. CONCLUSION A comparison with international data indicates that Brazilian patients are diagnosed with more advanced disease and face a longer delay between diagnosis and first treatment. Despite advances in screening and treatment, GC mortality has not decreased satisfactorily in this country.

Patient: Female, 45-year-old Final Diagnosis: Endometrial cancer Symptoms: Abdominal discomfort • abdominal distension Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Hormone therapy • surgery removal Specialty: Oncology Objective: Rare co-existance of disease or pathology Background: Carcinoma arising from an endometriosis-associated abdominal wall scar is a rare entity, with only a few case reports published in the literature. The management is very controversial due to on its own rarity, and there are no specific guidelines. Treatment with a multidisciplinary team is important to achieve the best outcome. Case Report: We report the case of a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with a growing painless lesion in the right lower quadrant. We decided to perform Tru-Cut biopsy of the abdominal wall lesion, but unfortunately the pathological report was inconclusive at that time. Due to the presence of a highly suspicious lesion, the gynecologic oncologist together with the plastic surgeon and connective tissue surgeon decided to perform a wide resection of the abdominal wall along with hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy. The final pathology report demonstrated endometriosis associated with an endometrioid adenocarcinoma grade II in the abdominal wall tumor. She was restaged with new imaging exams before the definition of the best adjuvant treatment, which showed suspicious bilateral inguinal and right axillary (1.9 cm) lymph nodes, with no other sites of metastatic disease. She was treated with megestrol acetate 160 mg/daily for 8 months, with a partial response. Conclusions: Carcinoma arising from an endometriosis-associated abdominal wall scar is a rare entity, and there are no no specific treatment guidelines. Such patients must be assessed by a multidisciplinary team for decision making. Options for adjuvant and palliative treatment for endometrial cancer are generally used for the treatment of this entity. The main purpose of this article is to report this rare presentation and perform a review of the literature about diagnosis, clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis.

This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in the experimental model of Achilles tendon injury.Twelve white male adults New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups, a group with resection of the central portion of the Achilles tendon (n = 8) and a control group (n = 4). Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was performed 4 weeks after the surgical procedure, followed by histological analysis of the tendons.The main finding of this study was the difference (p0.001) in peak contrast enhancement on DCE-MRI, which demonstrated that the operated group had greater contrast uptake. The operated tendons showed histological disruption of their architecture, and cluttered appearance of tendinous fibers, with vascular and fibroblast proliferations.DCE-MRI is a technique with a potential to demonstrate changes in the vascularity pattern of the Achilles tendon before and after operation. DCE-MRI has a potential to be used in studies of tendinosis diagnosis and surgical follow-up.Avaliar a captação do gadolínio (Gd) à ressonância magnética (DCRM) em modelo experimental de lesão do tendão de Aquiles.Foram utilizados 12 coelhos machos, adultos e brancos da raça Nova Zelândia, distribuídos em dois grupos: operados (n = 8), com ressecção da porção central do tendão de Aquiles; e o grupo controle (n=4). Após quatro semanas, realizou-se ressonância magnética com técnica de avaliação dinâmica do meio de contraste, seguido de analise histológica dos tendões.Houve diferença (p0,001) do pico máximo de realce de contraste, na DCRM dinâmica do tendão de Aquiles entre os grupos operado e controle, sendo evidenciada maior captação de contraste no grupo operado. À histologia, os tendões operados apresentaram desorganização de sua arquitetura, fibras tendíneas de aspecto desordenado, com neoformação vascular e proliferação de fibroblastos.A DCRM apresentou potencial de demonstrar alterações do padrão de vascularização do tendão de Aquiles no pré e pós-operatório. A DCRM apresenta potencial para ser usada em estudos para controle de tratamento e diagnóstico da tendinose.

Canine soft tissue sarcomas (STS) comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies that share similar histopathological features, a low to moderate recurrence rate and low metastatic potential. In human medicine, the expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in sarcomas has been studied to search for prognostic factors and new treatment targets. Similar studies have yet to be conducted in veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate by immunohistochemistry (IHC) the ER and PR expression in a series of 80 cutaneous and subcutaneous sarcomas in dogs with histopathological features of peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) and perivascular wall tumor (PWT). All cases were positive for PR and negative for ER. Tumors of high malignancy grade (grade III) exhibited higher PR expression than low-grade tumors (grade I). Tumors with mitotic activity greater than 9 mitotic figures/10 high power fields also exhibited higher PR expression. In addition, there was a positive correlation between cell proliferation (Ki67) and PR expression. Therefore, it is possible that progesterone plays a greater role than estrogen in the pathogenesis of these tumors. Future studies should explore the potential for selective progesterone receptor modulators as therapeutic agents in canine STS, as well as evaluating PR expression as a predictor of prognosis. RESUMO: Sarcomas de tecidos moles (STM) caninos compreendem um grupo heterogêneo de neoplasias malignas, que apresentam alterações histopatológicas similares, baixa a moderada taxa de recorrência e baixo potencial metastático. Em medicina humana, a expressão de receptor para estrógeno (RE) e receptor para progesterona (RP) nos sarcomas tem sido estudada, visando a busca por fatores prognósticos e novos alvos para tratamentos. Na medicina veterinária, ainda não foram realizados estudos similares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar por imuno-histoquímica a expressão de RE e RP em uma série de 80 sarcomas cutâneos e subcutâneos de cães, com características histopatológicas de tumor de bainha de nervo periférico e tumor de parede perivascular. Todos os casos foram positivos para RP e negativos para RE. Tumores de alto grau de malignidade (grau III) exibiram maior expressão deste receptor que os tumores de baixo grau (grau I). Tumores com atividade mitótica maior que 9 figuras mitóticas/10 campos de grande aumento também exibiram maior expressão do RP. Em adição, houve correlação positiva entre o índice de proliferação celular (Ki67) e a expressão de RP. Assim, é possível que a progesterona desempenhe maior papel que o estrógeno na patogênese desses tumores. Futuros trabalhos poderão explorar o potencial dos moduladores seletivos de RP como agente terapêutico em STM caninos, bem como avaliar a expressão de RP como preditiva de prognóstico.

Mammary gland carcinoma arising from ectopic mammary tissue in the vulva is an extremely rare occurrence with only 28 cases reported in the literature and carrying an uncertain prognosis.

Background: The Global Cancer Institute (GCI) breast cancer multi-disciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) are live, online telemedicine discussions of breast cancer patient case scenarios between breast cancer specialists in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and expert breast cancer specialists in the United States (US). In the US MTBs are routinely held in most cancer centers and have been shown to improve patient outcomes and patient and family quality of life. GCI launched breast cancer MTBs in 2012 with the goals to improve breast cancer patient care in underserved populations globally, to establish an online platform to allow live communication and collaboration among oncologists, and to serve as an educational tool for oncologists. Methods: During our MTBs case scenarios are presented by global oncologists for discussion and input by a panel of both community/tertiary care expert breast oncologists from our global network. During each MTB, three cancer centers present challenging breast cancer patient scenarios. Patient scenarios are presented in English, according to a standard PowerPoint template. After presentation guideline - or clinical trial-based discussions are held for each case. As the patient cases originate from oncologists in LMICs, optimal and best locally available clinical care in rural and remote settings are discussed. For educational purposes the MTBs and the associated YouTube panel discussions are archived online and can subsequently be viewed by practicing oncologists and trainees globally. Links to relevant international guidelines, published and ongoing clinical trials, and other educational resources are also provided to all MTB attendees. Results: Since its initiation in 2012, the GCI MTBs have engaged a network of 370 oncologists in LMICs and 20 expert panelists from nine cancer centers in the United States. Together the oncologists in LMICs represent 28 tertiary cancer centers and 116 community oncologists in 19 countries across Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa. Conclusions: GCI breast cancer MTBs are a powerful educational and networking tool for oncologists in LMICs to improve their patterns of clinical practice, conduct multi-disciplinary discussions and access research collaborations. GCI invites oncologists throughout Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Africa to join our tumor boards and further expansion of its MTB network. GCI currently surveys oncologists in our network before and after attendance of MTBs to measure modifications in oncologists' practice and adherence to international clinical practice guidelines. Citation Format: St. Louis J, Bukowski A, Paulino E, Ferreyra ME, Nunes J, Mejia G, Duarte C, Ruiz R, Touya D, Polo S, Chavarri-Guerra Y, Moreno J, Georgieva N, Tsolko T, Obayedullah Baki M, Luna HC, Goss PE. Global Cancer Institute online tumor boards to improve global patterns of clinical practice for breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-17-03.

New Findings What is the central question of this study? We investigated the effects of physical training on phenotypic (fibre-type content) and myogenic features (MyoD and myogenin expression) in skeletal muscle during the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. What is the main finding and its importance? We provide new insight into skeletal muscle adaptations by showing that physical training increases the type I fibre content during the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure, without altering MyoD and myogenin expression. These results have important clinical implications for patients with heart failure, because this population has reduced muscle oxidative capacity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical training (PT) on phenotypic features (fibre-type content) and myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD and myogenin) in rat skeletal muscle during the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. We used the model of ascending aortic stenosis (AS) to induce heart failure in male Wistar rats. Sham-operated animals were used as age-matched controls. At 18 weeks after surgery, rats with ventricular dysfunction were randomized into the following four groups: sham-operated, untrained (Sham-U; n = 8); sham-operated, trained (Sham-T; n = 6); aortic stenosis, untrained (AS-U; n = 6); and aortic stenosis, trained (AS-T; n = 8). The AS-T and Sham-T groups were submitted to a 10 week aerobic PT programme, while the AS-U and Sham-U groups remained untrained for the same period of time. After the PT programme, the animals were killed and the soleus muscles collected for phenotypic and molecular analyses. Physical training promoted type IIa-to-I fibre conversion in the trained groups (Sham-T and AS-T) compared with the untrained groups (Sham-U and AS-U). No significant (P > 0.05) differences were found in type I or IIa fibre content in the AS-U group compared with the Sham-U group. Additionally, there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in the myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and myogenin (gene and protein) expression between the groups. Therefore, our results indicate that PT may be a suitable strategy to improve the oxidative phenotype in skeletal muscle during the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure, without altering MyoD and myogenin.

Purpose As cancer burden has risen worldwide, physicians, patients, and their advocates have become aware that the clinical cancer trial research paradigm is not ubiquitous. Furthermore, the number and characteristics of trials that are registered in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with that in high-income countries (HICs) are unknown. Methods We collected retrospective data on trials for breast, lung, and cervical cancer registered in ClinicalTrials.gov or with the WHO International Clinical Trial Registry Platform between 2010 and 2017. The data were then classified as trials within LMICs or HICs using definitions from the World Bank. Results Included in these analyses were 6,710 trials, of which 3,164 (47%) were breast cancer trials, 3,283 (49%) were lung cancer trials, and 263 (4%) were cervical cancer trials. There were 1,951 (29%) trials from LMICs and 4,759 (71%) trials from HICs ( P < .001). Although the proportion of phase III trials in HICs versus LMICs was similar (18% v 17%; P = .66), the number of phase I trials in LMICs was significantly lower than that of HICs (20% v 2%; P < .001). For several LMICs with the highest mortality-to-incidence ratios for breast, lung, or cervical cancer, there were no cancer trials registered in the registration data bases searched for this work. Conclusion There are differences in access to cancer clinical trials in LMICs compared with HICs. Several factors, such as excessive cost and a lack of infrastructure and expertise, may explain these differences.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy in the world. Metastatic and recurrent disease confers a worse prognosis, and the side effects of the current cytotoxic agents are the main cause of treatment disruption. Recently, the genetic alterations that facilitate the start, development and progression of EC have been elucidated, reclassifying the disease in distinct subtypes with different mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Targeted therapy aims to interfere specifically these mechanisms causing less toxicity, therefore opening new perspectives for a tailored treatment and improvement of response and survival rates for heavily treated recurrent disease. Treatment with hormone therapy was not addressed in this review because it is an extensively discussed issue and would divert the discussion about molecular-targeted therapy. The purpose of this paper was to review the available literature data regarding the main genetic abnormalities related to the carcinogenesis and evaluate the safety and efficacy of the molecular-targeted agents in the treatment of metastatic and recurrent EC.

Summary Early diagnosis and staging of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is essential for therapeutic strategy decision. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with fluordeoxyglucose (FDG), a glucose analogue, labeled with fluor-18 (18F-FDG) has been used to evaluate staging, therapy response and prognosis in NHL patients. However, in some cases, 18F-FDG has shown false-positive uptake due to inflammatory reaction after chemo and/or radiation therapy. In this case report, we present a NHL patient evaluated with 18F-FDG and 18F-choline PET/CT scan imaging pre- and post-therapy. 18F-FDG and 18F-choline PET/CT were performed for the purpose of tumor staging and have shown intense uptake in infiltrative tissue as well as in the lymph node, but with some mismatching in the tumor. Post-treatment 18F-FDG and 18F-choline PET/ CT scans revealed no signs of radiotracer uptake, suggesting complete remission of the tumor. 18F-choline may be a complimentary tool for staging and assessment of therapeutic response in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, while non-18F-FDG tracer can be used for targeted therapy and patient management.

Ovarian cancer is gynecologic tumor with particularly high mortality because it is usually diagnosed in advanced stages. In Latin America and the Caribbean, it is the eighth most common malignancy in women, with an estimated 18,000 new cases and 11,500 deaths annually. Standard of care for women diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) is primary cytoreductive surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy using a combination of paclitaxel plus carboplatin. To pursue upfront surgery, highly specialized and well-trained gynecologic oncologists are required, in addition with well-equipped hospitals. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been gaining greater acceptance in the past decade for patients with AOC. Two phase III randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that NACT is noninferior to primary cytoreductive surgery for women with stages III and IV epithelial ovarian cancer, and since publication of these results, NACT is more commonly used. Apart from medical reasons of inoperability and unresectability, there may be nonmedical barriers to upfront debulking surgery in clinical practice. These barriers include inadequate expertise of the surgeon, inadequate resources, and/or barriers to access. The aim of this article was to discuss patterns of care and barriers to upfront ovarian debulking surgery, as well as a possible shift toward overuse of NACT as the primary approach for patients with AOC (stages III and IV) in Latin America.

Este trabalho revisa e faz uma análise crítica da radiofrequência em oftalmologia. O aquecimento da córnea tem sido realizado desde 1889 com diferentes finalidades terapêuticas e cirúrgicas. O princípio do aquecimento da córnea causa um enrugamento do colágeno que muda a curvatura da córnea. Após a aprovação da FDA em 2004, iniciou-se um estudo multicêntrico no Brasil coordenado pela Faculdade de Medicina do ABC que resultou na análise de 258 pacientes. Como conclusão o estudo mostrou que o procedimento tem um resultado temporário e que os melhores resultados foram obtidos em pacientes entre 45 e 55 anos de idade sem correção óptica para longe. Acreditamos que o problema ainda não foi resolvido e que novas pesquisas devem ser realizadas. This paper reviews and makes a critical analysis of radiofrequency in ophthalmology. Localized heating of the cornea has been apllied since 1889 for different therapeutic and surgical objectives.The principle that heating corneal tissue causes shrinking of the collagen that changes the corneal curvature. After the approval of FDA in 2004, we initiated a multicenter study in Brazil coordinated by ABC School of Medicine that resulted in an analyses of 258 patients. Inconclusion the study showed that the procedure had a temporary result and the best results were obtained in patients between 45 and 55 years old without optical correction for far.We believe that the problem has not been solved yet and a great deal of research effort should be focused.

The treatment of advanced gynecologic cancers remains palliative in most of cases. Although systemic treatment has entered into the era of targeted drugs the antitumor efficacies of current therapies are still limited. In this context there is a great need for more active treatment and rationally designed targeted therapies. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR is a signaling pathway in mammal cells that coordinates important cell activities. It has a critical function in the survival, growth, and proliferation of malignant cells and was object of important research in the last two decades. The mTOR pathway emerges as an attractive therapeutic target in cancer because it serves as a convergence point for many growth stimuli and, through its downstream substrates, controls cellular processes that contribute to the initiation and maintenance of cancer. Aberrant PI3K-dependent signaling occurs frequently in a wide range of tumor types, including endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancers. The present study reviewed the available evidence regarding the potential impact of some mTOR pathway inhibitors in the treatment of gynecological cancer. Few advances in medical management have occurred in recent years in the treatment of advanced or recurrent gynecological malignancies, and a poor prognosis remains. Rationally designed molecularly targeted therapy is an emerging and important option in this setting; then more investigation in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-targeted therapies is warranted.

This paper describes a teaching method of programing logics through robotics. This paper also reports the experience of applying this approach in a small town's public school. The main goal of this approach is to encourage the Computational Thinking of the students. As differential, the approach takes into account the progression on the Technologies Lego Mindstorms and Arduino. The method also takes into account the use of fewer units of robotics kits. This was made in order to suit the reality of these schools.

Scarce data exist about the impact of age in cervical cancer (CC) patients in the developing world. The objective of the current study was to examine the patterns of care and outcome of elderly patients treated in a developing country. Medical records of patients treated from 2006–2009 at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute were reviewed. Patients were divided between women 70 years or older and women younger than 70 years. The χ2 tests were used and odds ratios were calculated. Survival was examined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Single and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling were used. A total of 1482 patients were analyzed: 1339 patients younger than 70 years and 143 patients 70 years or older. A marked difference in treatment was noted, even after stratifying by disease stage. Only 21% of the older patients underwent surgical treatment compared with 27.6% of the younger. After adjusting for confounding variables, the hazard ratio for death from CC in the elderly was 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.81–1.36; P = 0.11). These results corroborate previous data from developed countries: elderly patients have more advanced disease at diagnosis, and age is an important factor in the allocation of treatment for patients with CC. Worse outcome seemed to be mainly the result of more advanced stage and treatment allocation rather than age itself.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of sows artificially inseminated by the intrauterine (IAIU) technique. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design, with 300 sows being distributed in five insemination techniques: control, intra-cervical (IAIC) with 3x10(9) spermatozoa/100 mL; intrauterine (IAIU) with 1x10(9) spermatozoa/100 mL; intrauterine with com 1x10(9) spermatozoa/50 mL; intrauterine with 5x10(8) spermatozoa/100 mL; and intrauterine com 5x10(8) spermatozoa/50 mL. The sows submitted to intrauterine insemination presented a farrowing rate of 90.8% and return to estrus rate of 9.2%, which did not differ from the rates obtained by the intra-cervical technique (90.0% and 10.0%, respectively). Total litter size did not differ between the techniques, with the means being from 11.4 to 11.9 piglets at farrowing. Although 4.6% of the sows submitted to intrauterine artificial insemination had difficulty with pipette insertion into the cervix, 100% of them were inseminated. When evaluating semen backflow, no difference was found between the intra-cervical and intrauterine insemination techniques. However, total semen backflow was higher in sows submitted to inter-cervical insemination. No difference was found in the presence of blood between the two methods evaluated. Hence, any of the intrauterine insemination techniques can substitute inter-cervical artificial insemination without damaging the reproductive performance of the animals. Um experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de matrizes suínas inseminadas pela técnica intrauterina (IAIU). Em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, 300 fêmeas foram distribuídas em cinco técnicas de inseminação: controle - intracervical (IAIC) com 3x10(9) espermatozoides/100 mL; intrauterina (IAIU) com 1x10(9) espermatozoides/100 mL; intrauterina com 1x10(9) espermatozoides/50 mL; intrauterina com 5x10(8) espermatozoides/100 mL; e intrauterina com 5x10(8) espermatozoides/50 mL. As fêmeas inseminadas pela técnica intrauterina apresentaram taxa de parto de 90,8% e taxa de repetição de estro de 9,2%, que não diferiram das taxas obtidas pela técnica intracervical (90,0% e 10,0%, respectivamente). O total de leitões nascidos não diferiu entre as técnicas, com média geral de 11,4 a 11,9 leitões por parto. Apesar da dificuldade na passagem da pipeta em 4,6% das fêmeas submetidas à inseminação artificial intrauterina, 100% das fêmeas foram inseminadas. Na avaliação da ocorrência de refluxo de sêmen, não houve diferença entre as técnicas de inseminação intracervical e intrauterina. Entretanto, o total de espermatozoides refluídos foi maior nas fêmeas submetidas à inseminação intracervical. A ocorrência de sangramento não diferiu entre as técnicas estudadas. Portanto, qualquer uma das técnicas de inseminação intrauterina pode substituir a inseminação artificial intracervical, pois não comprometem o desempenho reprodutivo dos animais.

Estudou-se o efeito da administração de rbST no dia do estro, na taxa de gestação e concentração sérica de progesterona em fêmeas bovinas receptoras de embrião. A administração subcutânea de rbST (500 mg) foi realizada em 67 receptoras, mantendo-se 77 sem administração de rbST (144 receptoras no total). Os diagnósticos de gestação foram realizados aos 30 dias após o estro e as taxas de gestação diferiram entre as receptoras: 32,5% (25 das 77 sem administração de rbST) e 65,7% (44 das 67 receptoras tratadas com rbST). As concentrações séricas de progesterona obtidas nas amostras de sangue coletadas no dia da inovulação não diferiram com a administração de rbST: 2,54 ± 0,19 ng/mL (sem rbST) e 2,27 ± 0,20 ng/mL (com rbST). Esses resultados indicam que a administração de 500 mg de rbST no dia do estro aumenta a taxa de gestação, mas não influencia a concentração sérica de progesterona de receptoras de embriões recém-colhidos. This study aimed to analyze the effects of rbST administration in the estrous day, on pregnancy rate and progesterone concentration in cows embryo receivers. The subcutaneously administration of rbST (500 mg) was done in 67 receivers, and 77 without the rbST administration (144 receivers totally). The pregnancy determination was done 30 days after the estrous day and the pregnancy rate was different between the treatments where: 32.5% (25 from 77 without rbST administration) and 65.7% (44 from 67 receivers treated with rbST). The serum progesterone concentration from the blood samples collected on the embryo transfer day were not different in presence of rbST treatment: 2.54 ± 0.19 ng/mL (without rbST) and 2.27 ± 0.20 ng/mL (rbST). In brief, these results suggests that 500 mg of rbST administration on the estrous day increase the pregnancy rate, however it does not have influence on serum progesterone concentration in cows receiver of fresh embryos.

O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença crônica que acomete principalmente mulheres entre a terceira e quinta década de vida, multissistêmica, freqüentemente afetando os rins e o sistema nervoso central. Os sintomas relacionados ao trato gastrintestinal, apesar de comuns, quando ocorrem abrindo o quadro clínico, raramente levam ao diagnóstico por causa de sua baixa especificidade. Foi relatado um caso de LES cuja manifestação inicial foi diarréia crônica.

Objective Ovarian germ cell malignancies are a rare group of chemosensitive malignances that predominantly occur in young women. Bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin (BEP) regimen was consolidated, by previous studies, as the standard treatment. This Brazilian single institutional study was performed to evaluate our experience in treating patients with ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs). Methods/Materials A retrospective analysis of all patients as having OGCTs, from April 2003 to July 2013, was carried out at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute. Results Data on 30 patients were obtained, and 19 patients were treated with BEP. Median overall survival and progression-free survival were not reached. Just 4 (13.3%) patients had progressed and 5 (16.7%) had died up to the date of analysis. The proportion of patients who had dysgerminoma was 53.3%. From the 18 patients considered to have had an incomplete resection, 84.6% achieved objective response (partial or complete response) with chemotherapy. Patients with stage IV and incomplete resection had markedly ominous prognosis. Alopecia was the most frequent adverse event; grade 2 was presented in 17 (89.4%) patients. Nausea and vomiting were related by more than one-half of the patients. Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia was presented in 5 (26.3%) patients. One patient died of pneumonitis related to bleomycin. Conclusions Our study confirms the effectiveness of BEP regimen and the great prognosis for patients with OGCTs. Advanced-stage and persistent disease configured as an important risk factor for survival. The chemotherapy regimen was associated with significant but manageable toxicity.

OBJETIVOS: Verificar as alterações topográficas em córneas de olhos suínos enucleados após aplicações de radiofreqüência. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizado um protótipo produtor de radiofreqüência, com 10 diferentes possibilidades de potência. Para cada potência foram utilizados 10 olhos de porco enucleados que foram topografados pré e pós-aplicação de radiofreqüência seguindo nomograma com 8 pontos na primeira fase, 16 pontos na segunda fase, e 24 pontos na terceira fase, somando 3 fases para cada olho, num total de 300 aplicações e 400 topografias. RESULTADOS:Ocorreram variações da curvatura corneana após as aplicações de radiofreqüência para todas as potências utilizadas, demonstradas pela variação das médias de KM (dioptria mínima) inicial e KM final (35,78 e 37,37, respectivamente) com uma variação de 1,59 dioptrias (p< 0,001). A potência que apresentou maior regularidade foi de 0,625W/s (65ºC). CONCLUSÃO: Os valores topográficos obtidos demonstram que na média houve aumento da curvatura corneana central após aplicação de radiofreqüência em olhos de porco enucleados, e que quanto maior a energia utilizada e maior número de aplicações, maior foi o encurvamento corneano, porém não respeitando um padrão homogêneo. PURPOSE: To verify the topographical alterations in enucleated pig eye cornea after radiofrequency application. METHODS: A prototype radiofrequency modulator with 10 different energy possibilities was used. For each energy we used 10 enucleated pig eyes that were topographed before and after applyng radiofrequency, following a nomogram with 8 spots in step one, 16 spots in step 2, and 24 spots in step 3, in a total of 3 steps for each eye, 300 applications and 400 topographies. RESULTS: Corneal curvature variation occurred after radiofrequency applications for all utilized selections, demonstrated by the mean variation of initial KM (minimum dioptry) and final KM (35.78 and 37.37 respectively) with 1.59 dioptries of variation (p

Foram utilizadas 25 fêmeas, distribuídas de acordo com o grau de sangue Holandês x Zebu nos grupos: I = 1/2 Holandês x Zebu; II = 3/4 Holandês x Zebu; III= 15/16 Holandês x Zebu; IV= Holandês--PB¾PC; e V= 7/8 Holandês x Zebu. Após o segundo estro natural pós-parto, esses animais foram monitorados por exames ultra-sonográficos diários por dois ciclos estrais consecutivos, para verificar a atividade ovariana quanto à dinâmica folicular e à atividade do corpo lúteo. O período interovulatório médio foi de 22,08±2,46 dias, sendo de 21,76±3,33 e 21,94±2,90 dias no primeiro e no segundo ciclo estral, respectivamente, não havendo diferença entre os grupos estudados. Observou-se o crescimento de uma (6%), duas (78%) e três (16%) ondas foliculares durante o ciclo estral, com a predominância de duas ondas foliculares. O período interovulatório dos ciclos com três ondas mostrou-se mais longo (25,33±4,37 dias), em comparação com uma (16,0±3,6 dias) e duas (21,83±1,77 dias) ondas foliculares. A duração das ondas foliculares para ciclos estrais com três ondas de crescimento folicular foi de 11,0±3,69; 7,17±1,60; e 8,5±1,52 dias na 1ª, 2ª e 3ª ondas, respectivamente, e de 11,15±1,65 e 12,07±2,32 dias nos ciclos estrais com duas ondas foliculares. Os dias de maior concentração plasmática de progesterona no 1º e 2º ciclos estrais foram, respectivamente, de 13,6±3,0 (7,29±4,3 ng/mL) e 11,8±3,4 (5,6±2,0 ng/mL) dias, não se mostrando diferentes entre os grupamentos genéticos e ciclos estrais estudados. Pelas análises dos dados, pode-se concluir que os diferentes grupamentos genéticos apresentaram o mesmo comportamento na dinâmica folicular e que as concentrações de progesterona, embora diferentes em números absolutos entre os grupamentos, mostraram-se indicativas de atividade luteal normal. To verify the ovarian activity in respect to follicular dynamics and corpus luteum activity, 25 cows distributed in five experimental groups according to the crossbreeding level as: group 1: 1/2 Holstein x Zebu, group 2: 3/4 Holstein x Zebu, group 3: 15/16 Holstein x Zebu, group 4: crossbreed pure Holstein and group 5: 7/8 Holstein x Zebu, were daily monitored by ultrasonography examination during two estrous cycle after the second postpartum cycle. The average in days for the interovulatory period were respectively, for the first and second cycles: 21.76±3.33 and 21.94 ± 2.90. There was no difference between these values. The average for the interovulatory period between cycles was 22,08±2,46 days. In this experiment, the development of one (16%), two (78%) and three (16%) follicular waves was verified, with predominance of two follicular waves. The interovulatory period in three waves cycles (25.33±4.36 days) was longer when compared to one (16.0±3.6 days) and two (21.69±1.97 days) waves cycles. The follicular waves average length were: 11.0±3.69, 7.17±1.60 and 8.5±1.52 days, respectively, for the first, second and third follicular waves. In estrous cycles where only two waves occurred, the waves average length were: 11.15±1.65 and 12.07±2.82 days. The highest progesterone concentrations in the first and second estrous cycle were, respectively, in the 13.6±3.0 (7.29±4.3 ng/mL) and 11.8±3.4 (5.6±2.0 ng/mL) days and were not different among experimental groups and estrous cycle. After the analyses, it was concluded that the different experimental groups presented the same follicular dynamics behavior, and despite the differences in absolute numbers in progesterone concentration among the groups, they were indicative of normal luteal activity.

Background Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) could provide valuable findings for tendon regeneration. A non-invasive image method that can effectively evaluate the quality of the scar tissue has not yet been employed. Methods Thirteen New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups: group 1—non-treated control (n = 4); group 2—surgical intervention (n = 9). The central portion of the Achilles tendon was resected, and after 30 days, DCE-MRI was performed. Contrast enhancement methods were applied using the region of interest (ROI) technique. In the medium third of the Achilles tendon, the intra-substantial signal intensity and the presence of hyper-intense intra-tendon focus points and of signal heterogeneity were evaluated. Antero-posterior and transversal diameters of the tendon were measured. The Achilles tendon was removed and dissected free from other tissues. Sections from the central part of the tendon were stained for histological analysis. Results The difference between the contrast enhancement curves of the control and surgical groups (p

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide among women, and, in developed countries, it is the leading cause of mortality among gynecological malignancies. With an overall cure rate of

e17009Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries as Brazil. Viral hepatitis B and C, as well HIV infection are sexually transmitted diseas...

Because of its rarity, together with the variability and nonspecificity of its signs and symptoms, pheochromocytoma, a tumor arising from chromaffin cells, creates an unlucky paradox: it is often missed but only rarely found. Besides the association with arterial hypertension, often in the form of paroxysmal attacks, pheochromocytoma may also be associated, in up to 40% of cases, with orthostatic hypotension which, when present, provides a clue to the diagnosis of the tumor. Far more rare (about 2% of cases) is the clinical presentation in the form of shock, a possibility that, among other attributes, justifies the epithet “the great mimic” applied to the neoplasia. The authors report the case of a 51-year-old hypertensive woman whose death was erroneously attributed to septic shock. Autopsy disclosed an unsuspected left adrenal bulky pheochromocytoma with areas of hemorrhage and extensive central necrosis, pronounced pulmonary edema, left ventricular mural thrombus, and histological evidence of acute myocardial injury.

Over the last years, scientists have been using scientific workflows to build computer simulations to support the development of new theories. Due to the increasing use of scientific workflows in production environments, the composition of workflows and their executions can no longer be performed in an ad-hoc manner. Although current scientific workflow management systems support the execution of workflows, they present limitations regarding the composition of workflows when it comes to using different levels of abstractions. This paper introduces the concept of experiment line which is a systematic approach for the composition of scientific workflows that represents an in-silico experiment. An experiment line is inspired on the software engineering reuse discipline and allows the composition of scientific workflows at different levels of abstractions, which characterizes both the in-silico experiment and different workflow variations that are related to the experiment.

In order to evaluate information retrieval algorithms it is imperative to use a dataset as a test database. However, access to such datasets is often difficult and expensive, since building them is a time-consuming and costly task. This paper presents a collaborative approach to dataset creation that uses a data quality evaluation technique based on fuzzy theory, to assist users in selecting suitable web documents for their datasets. These documents are automatically captured by a crawler and assessed on information derived from their metadata.

The venous angioarchitecture of the non-pregnant female genital organs from five cattle obtained from a slaughterhouse was studied for possible anastomoses of the vulva and vagina vasa and the uterus-ovary vein, with the aid of the X-ray technique. In the laboratory, a branch of the caudal vaginal vein was injected with radiographic contrast. Vaginal vein formed and anastomotic network in the ventral surface of the uterus between the right and left sides. The genitals present anastomoses of the vulvar and vaginal veins with vasa of cervix, body and uterine horns and suggest that a portion of luteolytic agents injected through intravulvosubmucosal route can be transported directly to the ovary through a local route before reaching the systemic circulation.

Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes doses de cloprostenol sódico (doses equivalentes a 50% da convencional), nas vias intramuscular (IM) ou intra-vulvosubmucosa (IVSM), sobre as taxas de sincronização, o intervalo da aplicação ao estro e a queda das concentrações séricas de progesterona (P4). Foram utilizadas 199 femêas - 103 fêmeas com histórico de estro e 96 sem histórico (apenas avaliadas pela palpação transretal, para se verificar presença de corpo lúteo característico) - divididas ao acaso em três tratamentos: 1 - 68 animais (38 com histórico de estro) receberam 1mL de cloprostenol via IVSM; 2 - 66 animais (33 com histórico de estro) receberam 1 mL via IM; 3 - 65 animais (32 com histórico de estro) receberam 2 mL via IM. Foram considerados os animais em estro até 96 horas após a aplicação. As concentrações séricas de progesterona foram analisadas por RIA às 0 e 48 horas após a administração do luteolítico. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos nas taxas de sincronização (72,1; 53,0 e 64,6% respectivamente), nos intervalos da aplicação ao estro (69,3 ± 15,2; 67,9 ± 16,7; 68,3 ± 16,9 horas, respectivamente) e na queda percentual de P4 (79; 68 e 83%, respectivamente). Porém, quando os dados dos animais pertencentes aos dias 11 a 16 do ciclo estral foram agrupados e comparados com os animais dos dias 7 a 10 do ciclo, as taxas de sincronização foram diferentes (76,1 vs 55,5%). Concluiu-se que o cloprostenol sódico administrado em doses reduzidas em 50%, nas vias IM ou IVSM, apresentou efeito semelhante à dose convencional. Animais em fases medianas e tardias do diestro (dias 11 a 16 do ciclo estral) respondem melhor à sincronização com cloprostenol que animais em fase luteal inicial (dias 7 a 10 do ciclo). The objective of this research was to compare the effects of different doses of application of sodic cloprostenol (doses equivalent to 50% the conventional), in the intramuscular (IM) and intra-vulvosubmucosal (IVSM) vias on the synchronization rates, interval of application to estrus and decrease of seric progesterone concentrations. One hundred and ninety-nine females, 103 with of previus report estrous and 96 without report of previus estores evaluated by rectal palpation to verify the presence of corpus luteum, were randomly divided into three treatments: 1 - 68 animals (38 with report of previous estrus) received 1 mL of cloprostenol through IVSM; 2 - 66 animals (33 with report of previous estrus) received 1 mL through IM; 3 - 65 animals (32 with report of previous estrus) received 2 mL through IM. It was considered the animals that showed estrus up to 96 hours after cloprostenol application. The seric progesterone concentrations (P4) were analyzed by RIA at 0 and 48 hours after the application of luteolitic drug. No effects of treatments on synchronization rates (72.1, 53.0, and 64.6%, respectively), interval from application to estrus (69.3 ± 15.2, 67.9 ± 16.7, and 68.3 ± 16.9 hours, respectively) and P4 percentage concentration decrease (79; 68 and 83%, respectively) were observed. However, when data of animals from treatments of days 11 to 16 were grouped and compared to those of treatments of days 7 to 10, the synchronization rates differed (76.1% vs 55.5%). Sodic cloprostenol doses that was reduced by 50%, in IM or IVSM vias, showed effect similar to the conventional dose. Animals during days 11 to 16 respond better to a synchronization with cloprostenol than those during days 7 to 10 of diestrus.

Dezessete novilhas da raça Nelore foram superovuladas a partir do nono dia do ciclo estral, sendo oito novilhas com 250 UI (T1) e nove com 500 UI (T2) de FSH, em oito doses decescentes. Os animais foram monitorados por meio de ultra-sonografia durante o período superovulatório e no dia da coleta de embriões. Não houve diferença na taxa de recuperação e qualidade das estruturas coletadas entre os animais dos dois tratamentos. Foram coletados 4,16 embriões viáveis/doadora nos animais do T1 e 3,15 embriões viáveis/doadora nos animais do T2. A presença do folículo dominante no início do tratamento superovulatório não interferiu na resposta superovulatória. O diâmetro do maior e do segundo maior folículo e número de folículos subordinados entre os animais dos tratamentos durante a superovulação não diferiram. O diâmetro do maior folículo e do segundo maior e o número de folículos subordinados foram de 11,36 mm, 8,91 mm e 16,93 e de 11,59 mm, 9,42 mm e 17,44 para os tratamentos com 250 e 500 UI de FSH, respectivamente. Seventeen Nelore heifers were submitted to a superovulation protocol, beginning on the ninth day of the estrous cycle. Eight heifers were superovulated with 250 IU (T1) and nine with 500 IU (T2) of FSH. The animals were monitored by ultrasonography during the superovulation period and on the embryo collection day. There were no differences on the recovery rate and quality of the structures collected among the animals of the two treatments. Animals treated with 250 (T1) and 500 IU (T2) of FSH produced 4.16 and 3.15 embryos viables/donor, respectively. The presence of the dominant follicle in the beginning of the superovulatory treatment did not affect the superovulatory response. The largest diameter follicle and second largest one and number of subordinate follicles during the superovulation from the animals of the treatments did not differ among treatments. The diameter for the largest follicle, the second largest and the number of subordinate follicles for the animals treated with 250 versus 500 IU, were: 11.36 x 11.59 mm; 8.91 x 9.42 mm and 16.93 x 17.44 mm, respectively.