1. An umbrella review of the evidence associating diet and cancer risk at 11 anatomical sites
- Author
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Elena Critselis, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Chrysavgi Katsaraki, Areti Papadopoulou, Maria Zografou, John C. Kasimis, Vaia Karafousia, Amanda J. Cross, Marc J. Gunter, Michael T. Marrone, Georgios Markozannes, Sumayah Alhardan, Afroditi Kanellopoulou, Maria Kyrgiou, Evangelia E. Ntzani, Doris S. M. Chan, Nikos Papadimitriou, David S. Lopez, and Elizabeth A. Platz
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,Colorectal cancer ,Epidemiology ,Science ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Coffee ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Diet and cancer ,Cancer epidemiology ,Environmental health ,Neoplasms ,Epidemiology of cancer ,medicine ,Animals ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Nutritional epidemiology ,Liver Neoplasms ,Cancer ,General Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Milk ,Risk factors ,Carcinoma, Basal Cell ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Meta-analysis ,Calcium ,Dairy Products ,Liver cancer ,business - Abstract
There is evidence that diet and nutrition are modifiable risk factors for several cancers, but associations may be flawed due to inherent biases. Nutritional epidemiology studies have largely relied on a single assessment of diet using food frequency questionnaires. We conduct an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies to evaluate the strength and validity of the evidence for the association between food/nutrient intake and risk of developing or dying from 11 primary cancers. It is estimated that only few single food/nutrient and cancer associations are supported by strong or highly suggestive meta-analytic evidence, and future similar research is unlikely to change this evidence. Alcohol consumption is positively associated with risk of postmenopausal breast, colorectal, esophageal, head & neck and liver cancer. Consumption of dairy products, milk, calcium and wholegrains are inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. Coffee consumption is inversely associated with risk of liver cancer and skin basal cell carcinoma., Diet and food intake have been associated with a risk of developing different types of cancer but individual nutritional epidemiology studies are prone to inherent bias. Here, the authors perform an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and show the level of evidence for associating food and nutrients to cancer risk.
- Published
- 2020