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Electrocution injuries are divided into high (HVI) and low voltage injuries (LVI). The aim of this study was to examine the sociodemographic data of cases where autopsy was performed because of dea...

AIM: To describe epidemiological aspects, clinical findings, and visual results in eye trauma patients requiring urgent surgery at a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Retrospective review of adult patients requiring urgent surgery for trauma to the eyeball from January 2010 and April 2020. Data was collected relative to age, gender, mechanism of the injury, type of wound, initial and final visual acuity, number and type of surgeries carried out. Injuries were classed according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) and the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) categories. RESULTS: The survey included 92 eyes. Mean age was 54.76±22.18y. The most frequent cause was domestic accidents (44.6%), followed by aggression (22.80%) and occupational accidents (17.4%). Trauma from aggression was more frequent in men (P=0.006) and accidents in the home more common in women (P=0.011). Patients over 65y presented an odds ratio (OR) of 10.71 for suffering a domestic accident. Patients between 15-45 and 46-65y were at higher risk of trauma from aggression (OR=17.52 and OR=10.94, respectively). As for the type of injury, 63.04% were open-globe lesions, Zone II being the most frequently affected (27.2%). In Logistic regression analysis, old age (P=0.05) and retinal involvement (P=0.001) were found to be associated with higher rate of unfavourable visual outcome. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological aspects of eye trauma are highly dependent on the area of population studied. Domestic accidents are more relevant than workplace accidents in older urban areas with high socio-economic status. A better knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics is useful for implementing specific prevention measures and appropriate treatment strategies.

Introduction hand injuries are a common emergency mainly caused by domestic accidents or sport injuries. During the COVID-19 pandemic confinement period, with a cut off in transportation as well as in occupational and physical activities, we observed a decrease in medical and elective surgical activities but emergency cases of upper limb and hand surgery increased. Materials and methods we conducted a retrospective epidemiological study to analyze two periods between the same dates in 2019 and 2020, for all the duration of the confinement period. We compared the numbers of consultations in the emergency department, elective surgeries, hand and upper limb emergency cases in our center and urgent limb surgeries in the nearby hospital. Then we compared the mechanisms and severity of injuries and the type of surgery. Results between 2019 and 2020 there was a decrease of consultations in the emergency department in our institution of 52%, a decrease of total elective surgeries of 75%, a decrease in surgeries for urgent peripheral limb injuries of 50%, whereas the hand and upper limb emergency remained stable or even increased by 4% regard to occupational and domestic accidents. There was a significant difference in the mechanism of injury with an increase of domestic accident and a decrease of occupational, road traffic and sport accidents. Severity of the injuries increased, with augmentation of the number of tissues involved and longer expected time of recovery. Conclusion during the confinement period of the COVID-19 pandemic, despite an important reduction of medical activities, the amount and severity of hand emergency cases increased. A specific plan regarding duty shift organization for hand trauma should be maintained regardless of the sanitary situation.

Introduction Facial trauma are an important cause of serious ocular morbidity. In particular domestic trauma are a small part of total. COVID-19 pandemic has been influencing our life in a way never seen before, people need to remain at home due to lockdown restrictions. In this scenario we are seeing an increase in the percentage of domestic facial trauma. In other hand pandemic has influenced the possibility of hospitalization, so daily based procedures increased their importance in global treatment planning. Case presentation A 58 yo man presented to our ward with a foreign body in left eyebrow. Trauma happened during gardening. Clinical discussion The importance of imaging to perform the right procedure has become more important during pandemic to reduce time of hospitalization. Conclusion CT scan and ophtalmology consult have been the guideline to avoid a more invasive treatment which was performed in an outpatient regimen with local anesthesia.

O pneumoencéfalo geralmente é decorrente de lesão traumática craniofacial. Quando é decorrente de lesão penetrante na região da órbita, tem sido considerado raro. O pneumoencéfalo hipertensivo é considerado uma emergência neurocirúrgica. Os autores relatam um caso de pneumoencéfalo hipertensivo em um paciente vitima de acidente doméstico por chave de fenda na região orbitária direita. Foram discutidos a fisiopatologia, o tratamento e o prognóstico.

Background: Unintentional injury remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, prevalence, and practices toward the prevention of domestic accidents and injuries among caregivers of under-five in Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Three hospitals located within Kano metropolis were chosen because they are the main referral hospitals located strategically in three local government areas and well patronized by the populace as evidenced by their patient turnover. Respondents (caregivers) were selected for administration of the questionnaires using systematic sampling technique based on the order of their presentation at the emergency pediatric unit (EPU). Results: Overall prevalence of domestic accidents in the three hospitals in the study was 13.7%. The mean age of caregivers was 29.6 ± 9.7 years and the majority of them were female 81.3%. Nearly 64.6% have formal education out of which 27.8% have up to tertiary education and most with at least five and above under-five under their care, with mean ages of the under-five children of 2.87 ± 2.82 years. Only 7.7% of the respondents had an overall good knowledge of domestic accident and injuries. Kerosene poisoning was the commonest domestic accident reported (34.4%) followed by falls (17.5%). Significantly, 30% of respondents had good practice toward domestic accident prevention largely due to preventive behaviors such as self-motivation (9.7%) and perceived danger (41.5%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that domestic accidents especially those involving kerosene is common among children aged less than 5 years in a large sized family.

Objetivo: Analisar perfil sociodemográfico e autoestima em pacientes queimados de hospital referência. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, realizada com 20 pacientes no centro de queimados de hospital público entre janeiro de 2017 a dezembro 2018. Utilizou-se questionário semiestruturado para caracterização de perfil, Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg na alta hospitalar ou primeiro retorno após alta. Resultado: Maioria do sexo masculino (75%), média de idade 39,49 anos, casados (65%), com rede social comunitária (60%), acidente doméstico em 50% dos casos, queimaduras 2º grau (65%). Média 43[34-58] dias internados, agente predominante o fogo (30%). Melhores escores de autoestima presentes em pacientes do sexo masculino, até 41 anos, casado e com acesso as redes sociais. Conclusão: Ser do sexo masculino, casado e ter redes sociais teve melhores escores para autoestima em pacientes internados por queimaduras em sua maioria por acidente doméstico, com fogo, queimaduras de segundo grau em 15 a 30% de área corporal queimada.

The importance of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems as a new paradigm to provide assistance to independent older adults at home is constantly growing. In this context, one of the most demanded feature is the possibility to promptly alert caregivers if an anomaly -e.g., a fall or a domestic accident - occurs. However, it is particularly difficult to monitor situations where the subject performs activities that do not involve motion (e.g., "sleeping", "watching TV"). In such cases, there is the need to understand whether the behavior of the person at home has a normal flow or if, for example, it is due to an illness that the monitoring system might not distinguish from other activities.In this work, we deepened the concept of home inactivity and we report a statistical survey study to identify the most relevant variables (observable set) that should be considered while designing an efficient AAL system.

A penetrating abdominal injuries with evisceration in a child caused by an explosion of a mobile phone battery, is a rare form of accident. This is a case report on a 7 year-old boy who has been brought by his parents to the Emergency Room of the Regional Hospital Center of Lome Commune (Togo), for penetrating abdominal injury with bowel evisceration at the left flank. The boy was playing outside the house while a mobile phone battery exploded out of a burning waste, and hit him on the left flank. The examination revealed an evisceration of about 50 cm on the left flank. He benefited from a laparotomy 8 h later with lesion repair. The post-operative was simple.

Blunt cardiac rupture is typically a fatal injury with overall mortality exceeding 90%. Most of the patients never reach the hospital alive. In pediatric patients, only 0.03% of cases following blunt trauma admissions have a cardiac injury. This report presents a rare survivor of 16-months old toddler injured in a domestic accident suffering a right atrial rupture repaired through a median sternotomy. To the best of our knowledge this is the youngest case reported in the literature.

In an attempt to reach the most rational explanation possible, a complex analysis and evaluation of the pros and cons for spontaneous human combustion, murder, suicide and domestic accident is required for the death in atypical circumstances of an 80-year-old man from a rural area, who had burns on 90% of his body. The analysis of research data from the scene and from the autopsy led us to the most reasonable explanation, that of a domestic accident caused by the accidental ignition of nylon fabric used for clothing. Keywords: spontaneous human combustion, murder, suicide, domestic accidents. Language: en

Evisceration of abdominal viscus following “Flowerpot firecracker” (tubri) blast injury to the abdomen is a rare but dangerous form of domestic accident. Lack of knowledge and non-compliance of safety measures is the major reason for firecracker eventualities. A 10-year male child presented three hours post-injury with a wound over the upper abdomen. On examination there was evisceration of part of stomach along with colon through supraumbilical abdominal wound. Resuscitation and repair following exploratory laparotomy performed. Patient recovered well postoperatively. Public awareness and safety measures need to be taken to prevent the fatal outcomes of firecracker misuse.

Background: Domestic accidents are a priority problem, and urgent attention is required to prevent considerable morbidity and mortality in children of the under-five age group.Methods: Community based cross-section study done in the peri-urban areas of Aligarh, India. Mothers/care-givers were interviewed about any domestic accident faced by children under 5 year age, in the last 1 year, through a semi-structured, pilot tested questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using SPSS 24.0 software.Results: Majority of respondents were in the age group 20-35 years, majority of the children affected were male (35.6%), and in the age group of 3 to

The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of domestic accidents, describe the factors associated with domestic accidents and assess the medical and economical consequences of domestic accidents. Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a semi-urban area of Tamil Nadu during February 2013. A total of 3947 study participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Study variables included were socio-demography, housing conditions, epidemiological factors, medical and economical consequences of domestic accidents. Means and proportions were calculated. The prevalence of domestic accidents was 12.7%. Out of 500 domestic accidents, falls (54.4%) was the most common type of domestic accident. Females and the respondents in age group of 21-40 years were more commonly affected. About 60% of victims received treatment. Mean duration of hospital stay, mean amount of money spent for treatment and mean number of days away from routine work for falls category were 16 days, US$25 and 8 days, respectively, which are higher than other types of accidents. The burden and impact of domestic accidents was high. Therefore, in order to prevent and control domestic accidents, promotion of house safety measures and creation of awareness among the community using IEC programmes have to be undertaken.

Children are increasingly transported in cars or other modes of road transportation. With this increased travel comes the higher risk of children becoming involved in a vehicle accident as an occupant. Among the injuries included in the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), the head is one of the most frequently injured parts of the body. For a 3-year-old child (3-YOC), the most common injury observed during a road accident is skull fracture. This study proposed to develop a 3-YOC head finite element model (FEM) based on the geometrical three-dimensional reconstruction of two-dimensional slices obtained using X-ray computed tomography scanning geometries. In order to reproduce the skull fracture and brain injury with the head FEM, 13 domestic accident reconstructions involving fall cases of 3-YOC were collected from the paediatric emergency departments of different hospitals. After the numerical reconstructions of these fall cases, some mechanical parameters were extracted and then correlated with the observed injuries.

The estimation of occupant injury risk at crash accident is one of the most important assessments for the vehicle crashworthiness performance. The design of safety devices such as occupant restraining system also depend on the kinematics of occupant and its injury risk. The real world in-depth accident investigation provides detailed and realistic information of vehicle damage and occupant injury as well as the accident conditions. This paper introduces a statistical analysis of NASS/CDS database and domestic accident data to correlate speed change, vehicle damage extend, and occupant injury at frontal crash. The maximum crush extend shows a linear relationship with the effective impact speed. The injury risks of the occupant with and without restraining were also respectively quantified with the crush extend. This result can be effectively used for the emergent rescue of crash victims with automatic crash notification system.

Nowadays, the number of elderly people keeps growing and represents a non negligible part of the global population in the world. Consequently, healthcare and monitoring expenses destined to them become more and more important. Indeed, receiving ageing people in dedicated infrastructures with qualified staff costs a lot of money either for them and for governments. Also, a large number of elderly prefer continue to live in their own houses rather than joining those healthcare centers. However, they could be subject to domestic accidents and the latters are often detected after a while. This work aims to setup a efficient wireless video surveillance system to help elderly people who need a permanent assistance while they prefer still living in their houses. Our main objective is to early detect and transmit via Internet any abnormal behavior or domestic accident to assistance services. For this, small cameras embedded on wireless home deployed sensors have been considered. Moreover, a simple and lightweight routing protocol for an optimized data transmission have been proposed. The whole system was implemented on an Arduino based platform on which a set of experiments were conducted.

The study assessed the knowledge and practices for domestic accident among 756 mothers of preschool children in Ibadan Southwest Local Government Area, Nigeria. Pretested questionnaire with a 15-point knowledge scale relating to domestic accident prevention was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Mean age of respondents was 28.7±5.8 years and 97.8% had at least primary school education. About 30.3% of mothers place cooking utensils on the floor and 46.0% reported domestic accidents [falls (47.0%), burns (23.5%) and ingestion of kerosene (8.4%)] in their preschool children. Domestic accidents were perceived as not totally preventable (85.3%) and part of children’s development (50.8%). Preventive practices employed included consistent monitoring of preschool children (58.5) and keeping drugs in secured boxes (55.5%). Self responsibility (58.1%), perceived danger (37.0%) and fear of husband’s reaction (32.7%) were main influences for adoption of the preventive behaviour. Although knowledge on the causes and prevention of domestic accidents was high among the respondents, preventive practices need to be strengthened. Educational interventions such as training and public enlightenment aimed at empowering mothers and significant others to be more involved in the prevention of domestic accidents among their preschool children are recommended.

Carbon monoxide is responsible for a large number of accidental domestic poisoning and deaths throughout the world. Domestic carbon monoxide poisoning is rarely reported in India and remains an under recognized problem. The diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning is usually based on autopsy findings, circumstantial evidence and estimation of carboxy-haemoglobin in blood. We report a case of fatal accidental carbon monoxide poisoning in a bathroom where an LPG gas water heater was installed recently. Cherry pink discolouration of the body and organs on autopsy suggested carbon monoxide poisoning. Laboratory analysis of blood by UV visible spectrophotometry revealed presence of dangerous levels of carboxy-haemoglobin. Effective preventive measures can help in bringing down the mortality and morbidity associated with carbon monoxide poisoning.

ResumenObjetivosEstudiar la incidencia, las características epidemiológicas y tipos de accidentes domésticos y de ocio en Castilla y León durante 2009.DiseñoEstudio observacional descriptivo prospectivo de diseño muestral.EmplazamientoCentros de salud de atención primaria de Castilla y León.ParticipantesEl registro de enfermería lo realizan 130 enfermeros/as seleccionados mediante análisis de conglomerados. Cubren una población del 5%.Mediciones principalesLos datos se obtuvieron mediante un formulario anónimo. Las variables estudiadas fueron sexo, edad, momento, lugar, tipo y desencadenante del accidente. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y se utilizaron los tests de χ2, exacto de Fischer, χ2 de tendencias y t de Student. Los intervalos de confianza se calcularon al 95%.ResultadosLa incidencia acumulada anual de accidentes domésticos y de ocio fue de 2.651 casos por 100.000 habitantes, siendo ligeramente mayor el porcentaje de hombres (50,4%). Se accidentaron más los menores de 15 años y ≥ 65 años. El 49,2% de los accidentes ocurrió en horario de mañana y un 71,7% en día laborable. Un 57,1% se produjo en el hogar, un 16,8% en la vía pública y un 7,3% en centros escolares. Los tipos de accidente más comunes fueron caídas al mismo nivel (40,4%) y uso de objetos cortantes y punzantes (22,7%).ConclusionesEl accidente se produjo, fundamentalmente, en el hogar, en día laborable y como consecuencia de caídas. Los grupos de edad más afectados fueron los menores de 15 años y ≥ 65 años.AbstractObjectivesTo study incidence, epidemiological characteristics and types of domestic and leisure accidents in Castilla y León during 2009.DesignA descriptive study using a prospectivesample design.EmplacementHealth Primary Care Centres of Castilla y León.ParticipantsThe Nurse Registry is made up of 130 nurses selected by conglomerates analysis. They cover 5% of the population.Principal measurementsThe information was obtained by means of an anonymus form. The studied variables were sex, age, type, place, type and origin of the accident. A descriptive analysis was performed using χ2, Fischer, χ2 of trends and t Student tests, with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe annual cumulative incidence was 2651 cases/100000 inhabitants, ther being slightly higher percentage of men (50.4%). The ≤ 15 and ≥ 65 years age groups had more accidents. The time of day of 49.2% of the accidents was during the morning and 71.7% were on a working day. The majority (57.1%) took place in the home, 16,8% in the street, and 7.3% in schools. The most common accidents types were falls to the same level (40.4%) and use of cutting and sharp objects (22.7%).ConclusionsMost accidents took place within the home, on a working day and by falls. The most affected were the ≤ 15 and ≥ 65 years old age groups.

Background: Domestic accidents are important worldwide public health problems which require increased attention. A domestic accident means an accident that takes place at home or its immediate surroundings. Domestic accidents can result in disability and loss of productivity. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of domestic accidents in a rural area and the various epidemiological factors associated with it . Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done in a rural area of Kerala. The study period was April-May 2016. Face to face interview with a responsible adult informant was done to collect information from 403 households consisting of 1826 individuals using a semi-structured questionnaire after getting consent. Data was tabulated using MS Excel and analysed using SPSS version 20. Qualitative variables expressed as percentages and association found out using Chi square test. Results: The prevalence of domestic accidents in the community was found to be 10.5% (9.14 – 11.95, 95% CI). Majority of the victims were females (66%). Falls were the most prevalent type of domestic accident (33.5%) and it was found to be significantly associated with age, educational status, place of occurrence and activity during accident. First aid kits were available only in 38.2% of houses . Conclusions: Increased awareness, specially among female population is needed to reduce domestic accidents. Take extra care of the extreme ages as they are more vulnerable to falls. It is essential that every house has a first aid kit.

The paper describes aspects of a journey through the health-care system following a domestic accident. The journey commenced in the accident and emergency department and, over a 3 month period, traversed the operating theatre, intensive care and an orthopaedic ward before moving into a Hospital in the Home programme and community health and district nursing services. The paper explores the experiences of the accident victim, a 56-year-old man, and his wife who is an experienced nurse and university lecturer. The paper supports the 'seamless delivery' concept of integrated care while, at the same time, sounding notes of caution. The principal messages in this paper are about the relationships that nurses build with patients and their families over long periods of care, the paradoxical sense of 'outsideness' that can occur when the home becomes medicalized and the importance of the home as a healing environment.

The accidental aspiration of a foreign body is a frequent domestic accident among children but a rare occurrence in adults. The laryngeal impaction of a coin is an unusual accident; only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Diagnosis is mostly achieved by clinicoradiological examinations. The authors report an uncommon case of laryngeal impaction of a coin in a 21-year-old patient, presenting with dysphonia without dyspnea or stridor. The extraction was performed by endoscopy.

Domestic accidents are widespread, but no data are available on their occurrence in pathological populations such as patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Aim was to investigate domestic habits and occurrence of different types of domestic accidents and near falls in a sample of MS patients compared with healthy controls and to determine whether patients' domestic accidents are linked to any disease characteristics.Descriptive survey of 50 patients and 50 healthy controls. Participants were administered an ad-hoc questionnaire to collect data on domestic habits and accidents they had in the past 2 months. Their physical and neuropsychological functioning, mood and fatigue were also assessed.Results showed that patients spend most of their time at home with caregivers. No differences emerged for total number of domestic accident types, but there were differences in bumps and near falls. The latter seem to be linked to patients' walking ability and to bowel/bladder functioning and the former to reasoning ability and fatigue.This study provides the first data on the occurrence of domestic accidents and possible causes in MS patients. It encourages further studies on the topic, with the final goal of designing preventive and rehabilitation strategies.

The aim of this study is to identify if the origin of an accident makes a difference in health care spending incurred by disabled victim. We analyse and model the amount of medical spending for victims whose disabilities are resulting from accidents occurring at home, at work and on road. Data about medical spending were provided by the social security fund in France. These data outline the amount incurred by different disabled persons in the different medical specialties. The results of the model show that although the victims of different types of accident are suffering from the same chronic diseases, they show different levels of medical spending. Persons injured in a road accident have a higher recourse to medical treatments.

Objective To report the family impact of traumatic brain injury in children. Material/patients and methods Prospective study conducted in the department of physical and rehabilitation medicine of Kassab Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics concerning children followed for traumatic brain injury sequalea. Results Twelve children were included in the study with a mean age of 8.3 years. Brain injury was related to a road accident in 11 children and domestic accident in 1 child. Seven children among 12 studied when the accident occurred, 4 have continued their studies after the trauma but with considerable learning difficulties. We noted conflict related to trauma in 4 families without divorce. Three parents had to interrupt work. Additional financial burdens have been reported in 11 families. The psychobalance of other non-injured children was disrupted in 6 families with school deflection. The extent of the distress felt by the parents was assessed (scored from 1 to 6) with an average of 5.2. No home adaptations have been made and no family has benefited from associative or social assistance. Discussion–conclusion Traumatic brain injury disturbs seriously the child's mental balance and his family. It represents real public health problem.

Objective The life expectancy for SCI has become comparable to that of the general population. This improvement is the result of a follow-codified neuro-urology. The latest recommendations of GENULF constitute the largest part of this monitoring. Objective Make an inventory on the application of these recommendations and analyze failures in the application and the factors associated with these facts. Materials/Patients and methods This was a retrospective descriptive study on patients followed north hospital site Carbet Caribbean and seen from 1 January 2014 to 1 January 2016 as part of a re-hospitalization for functional assessment and neuro-urological annual control as recommended by the GENULF. Data analysis was done with Epi Info. Results The median age of enrolled patients was 47.7 ± 16.1 years. The affected were primarily male sex 81.5% (53/65). Spinal cord injury duration was on average 11.6 + –11.8 years, ranging from 1 to 46 years. They were quadriplegics (66.2%) and paraplegics (33.8%) with ASIA A (67.7%), B (12.3%), C (12.3%) and D (7.5%). The origins of the lesion were: accident of the public highway 41.5%, domestic accident 16.9%, work accident 9.2%, diving accident 7.5% and sports injury 6.1%. Creatinine clearance of 24 h was achieved in all patients and averaged 103.6 + - 32.9 ml/min with 6.2% who had severe renal impairment. All patients had specific exams such as a urine culture, an abdominal radiography, and dynamic urinary function evaluations, while 52.3% had no vesicle ultrasound exam and only 9.2% had made an informed cystoscopy in their file. Discussion/Conclusion This analysis suggests that the weak link in the monitoring of these patients was carrying ultrasound and cystoscopy. It is surprising the fact that ultrasound is not informed on issues that routinely prescribed each year. The appointment is distant, these results certainly reach the treating doctors without that they do not send a copy to the patient's hospital record.

PubMedID: 20032773 Scalding is one of the most painful and devastating burn injuries a child can suffer. Victims are generally scalded by splashed or spilled hot fluids in the home environment. Interestingly, scalding by hot milk is a common cause of burns in rural parts of Turkey. This study aimed to identify the general features of scalding by hot milk, and to make the authorities aware of this problem through educational programs for parents and caregivers.The records of the Council of Forensic Medicine Adana Group Administration and public prosecutor's office were used. Forty-four deaths in children of preschool age (under 6) due to scalding by hot milk during 2001-2005 were analyzed.Scalding with hot milk constituted 1.05% of all medico-legal deaths (4183) during the period considered. Twenty-five (56.81%) of the victims were male while 19 (43.19%) were female. The victims' ages ranged between 18 months and 6 years, with a mean age of 3.03.Scalding by hot milk appears to be an important public health problem, especially in rural areas of Turkey. Educational programs for families and caregivers and implementation of simple safety measures will decrease the prevalence of deaths due to such preventable injuries. Copyright © 2010 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Background: Foreign body removal in children is very common in the daily routine of an otolaryngologist but reports of oronasal foreign bodies and their management are rare. Method: The case note of a 5 year old female child presenting with an oronasal foreign body following a domestic accident was retrieved and studied and followed up. Result: a 5 year old female child with an oronasal foreign body which created an oronasal fistula that was closed with local palatal mucoperiosteal-lined flaps. The patient defaulted following treatment, a common practice by patients in our society. Conclusion: This report highlights the occurrence of this rare condition, its management and the need to put measures in place to prevent domestic accidents especially for those most at risk. Keywords : Oronasal, Foreign body, Fistula, Domestic accident. Nigerian Journal of Medicine Vol. 17 (4) 2008: pp. 459-461

Summary Objective To assess occupational disparities with regard to the occurrence of occupational, traffic, domestic and sports accidents, and the role of factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, psychotropic drug intake and disability in mediating these disparities. Methods The sample included 3368 economically active subjects aged 18–64 years, selected at random in north-eastern France. Subjects completed a postal questionnaire about sociodemographic and lifestyle information, and recorded the occurrence of accidents by type during the previous 2 years. Data were analysed using a logistic regression model with different sets of independent variables and covariates in order to describe the disparities and investigate the role of personal factors. Results During the 2 years preceding the survey, 11.8% of men and 5.4% of women had an occupational accident, 3.7% of men and 4.5% of women had a traffic accident, 4.1% of men and 1.5% of women had a domestic accident, and 6.1% of men and 1.9% of women had a sports accident. Personal factors were strongly related to the occurrence of accidents, with different patterns in men compared with women, and according to the type of accident. Men in intermediary occupations, clerks, craftsmen and tradesmen and, to an even greater extent, manual workers and farmers had a much higher occurrence of occupational accidents than men in the upper occupations, while craftsmen and tradesmen had a much higher occurrence of traffic accidents. Manual workers had a lower occurrence of sports accidents. After adjustment for lifestyle factors and disability, estimated odds ratios were reduced slightly but remained significant. Occupational disparities in accidents were virtually non-existent among women. Conclusion Occupational disparities in accidents mainly concern men and are predominantly observed in occupational and traffic accidents. Lifestyle factors do play a role in explaining these disparities, but are fairly limited. Improved work conditions, equipment, health behaviours, safe driving practices and accommodation of people with disabilities are needed to reduce the risk of accidents.

Domestic accidents can be considered a public health problem due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. The aims of this descriptive-exploratory study with a quantitative approach were to identify domestic accidents involving children in their first infancy, and to know their major causes. The sampling enrolled 65 families of children registered in two day-care centers in Fortaleza-CE, during 2004-2005. Parent’s interviews were conducted at the domiciles, using forms to assess demographic and domestic accident referrals. No significant association was found between the child sex and the type of accident. However, significant associations were found between the type of accident and age and between the kind of accident suffered and the part of the body injured. Thus, knowing the major accidents that reach the children at the domiciliary context and their causing effects are critical for nurses to develop efficiently health educative strategies towards accident prevention and child health promotion.

1420 members of 360 families were studied for incidence of domestic accidents (DA) over a period of one year. Average incidence of DA was 110.56 per 1000 per year. Statistically significant bimodal distribution of above-average incidence was seen under 15 and above 36 years age group. Incidence of DA was inversely related to literacy and economic status of the population. Commonest type of accident was fall (54.1%) injuring lower limbs in majority of cases (40.1%). Commonest place of accident was garden/compound (34.39%) and most of the accidents occurred between 1400-2000 hours (49.94%). Interaction of certain predisposing factors was found significant in the occurrence of DA. Further community studies have been suggested to create awareness regarding prevention of DA among the families.

Background: Domestic accidents are emerging as a new epidemic. They result in significant mortality and morbidity. Majority of the domestic accidents are preventable. Objective: To study the occurrence of domestic accident and awareness on its prevention in an urban community. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 members residing in an urban area. Complete information was collected through a semi-structured, pretested questionnaire. Domestic accident was considered when any of these individuals had met with an accident inside the house or in the immediate surroundings of the house. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical software (MS Excel and SPSS, version 20). Results: This study on the assessment of the level of awareness on preventive measures revealed that 40% respondents used apron while working in kitchen, 58% did not have a first-aid kit in the kitchen; 84% respondents said that subdue fire caused by electricity should be dealt with pouring water on fire; and 56% respondents were unaware that keeping the handle of the pan toward oneself may lead to tipping on contents on them and cause injury. Sixty-eight percent respondents were unaware about the storage of medicines in cool and dry places. Conclusions: The most common accident reported was cuts. The level of awareness regarding domestic accidents was not high among the residents and hence there is a serious need to address the problem through public health education.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um estudo de caso desenvolvido com uma criança desnutrida, de 6 anos, do sexo feminino, com estenose de esôfago. Como estratégia metodológica realizamos a coleta de dados através de estudo em prontuário médico e visita domiciliar. Observamos a falta de percepção da família sobre os riscos dos produtos de limpeza ao alcance da criança; a necessidade de acompanhamento da equipe de saúde (enfermeiro, psicólogo, médico, assistente social e nutricionista), cobrando da mãe cuidados específicos de nutrição, cuidados com a gastrostomia, medicação, prevenção de acidentes domésticos, e orientando-a como guardar material de limpeza. The purpose of the present work is to report a case study on a malnourished 6 year old suffering from esophagus stenosis. As a methodological strategy data collection was performed through studies of medical charts and house visits. It was observed a lack of perception by the family regarding the dangers of having cleaning products within the reach of the child. The necessity of attendance of the health team (nurse, psychologist, doctor, social worker and nutritionist), guiding the mother with respect to special care with nutrition, care with the gastrotomy, medication, and domestic accident prevention, with advice on how to keep cleaning material.

We report a penetrating abdominal injury due to a piece of glass, a very unusual domestic accident, in a 2-year-old boy who was admitted to the emergency department with an evisceration through the umbilicus. His mother reported that she was asleep when the boy came to her room, and did not know how it had happened. We primarily suspected child abuse, but the presence of a piece of glass in the boy's heel led us to think of a domestic accident. He had poured himself a glass of water, and then fell on the glass. We could not find a similar case in the literature on domestic accidents.

Context: Domestic accidents are worldwide public health problems. The consequences of a domestic accident may prove disastrous as it may result in disability and loss of productivity. In this context, the present study was carried out to characterize the occurrence of domestic accidents in a semi-urban community. Aims: To study the incidence of domestic accident in a semi-urban community and its association with various epidemiological factors. Settings and Design: Community-based cross-sectional study of 796 households consisting of 4086 individuals residing in a semi-urban area. Materials and Methods: Complete information from 796 households consisting of 4086 individuals was collected through semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Domestic accident was considered when any of these individuals had met with an accident inside the house or in the immediate surroundings of the house during the last 6 months from the date of survey. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed. Statistical Analysis Used: Simple proportions and Chi-squared test. Results: The incidence of domestic accidents was found to be 1.7%. The most common accident reported was fall. Occurrence of falls was found to be associated with age and overcrowding. Other accidents noted were burns, scalds, electrocution, injuries and accidental poisoning. Accidents were reported in significantly higher proportion in extreme age groups and in females. Higher proportion of accidents occurred during the morning and evening hours. About 10.1% were treated at home, 72.5% as outdoor patients and 17.4% as indoor patients. The mean duration of hospital stay was found to be 2 weeks. Full recovery was observed in 82.6% cases, whereas permanent disability was found in only 2.9% subjects, while 14.5% reported chronic pain after the accident. No death related to domestic accident was reported in the present study. Conclusions: Domestic accidents are more common in extreme age groups and in females. The reasons may be the higher amount of time spent at home and greater participation in daily home activities. Falls being the most frequent type of accidents, proper designing of house and adequate illumination may help in reducing their occurrence, as the majority of accidents occurred during the morning and evening hours in our study.

Richard Weck was born on 5 March 1913 in Franzensbad, on the river Eger, in Bohemia, which district was then in Austria. It became part of Czechoslovakia when that country was created in 1918, so that Franzensbad was renamed Františkovy Lazňe. It is located near Cheb at the western extremity of the country, and is now within a few kilometres of borders with the German Federal and Democratic Republics. The circumstances of his early childhood were made insecure by these national and political upheavals, which were further exacerbated by the post war depression of 1918. Richard’s father managed a small restaurant in this area of lakes and spas. His mother died young, and his only sister too in a tragic domestic accident. It then became Richard’s responsibility to look after his younger brother. He was capable of outstanding work during his High School days but had to supplement his grant by giving private lessons to less successful students in mathematics, geometry and physics. His leisure was usually spent in earning extra money in the hotel business, which must have conferred on him the seemingly instinctive knowledge of food and wine that distinguished him as a companion during the remainder of his life.

This article discusses the workings of a Consumer Safety System and identifies the problems of collecting and using domestic accident data. In the light of proposed changes in the civil law on product liability, particular consideration is given to the difficulties of providing evidence of consumer product involvement in domestic accidents. The paper is based on one read at the CBI Conference "Product Liability in Perspective", held at the Hilton Hotel, London, 30-31 March, 1977. The views expressed are those of the Institute for Consumer Ergonomics and are not necessarily those of the Department of Prices and Consumer Protection.

An unusual domestic accident involving concentrated sulphuric acid and affecting seven children ranging between 3 years and 7 years is reported. Three had major burns with one having a 60 per cent mostly full skin thickness burn. This last patient is reported in detail and problems of sulphuric acid burns and their management are discussed.