Author: "Diop, A" / Topic: business.industry - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

2,231 results on '"Diop, A"'

1. Connectivites in Dermatology: A series of 290 cases in Dakar, Senegal

Author: Niare Ndour, Maodo Ndiaye, Boubacar Ahy Diatta, Coumba Ndiaye, Imane Berrada, Jade Kaddoura, Mamadou Sarr, Elisabeth Diouf, Saër Diadie, Mame Téné Ndiaye, Aminata Deh, Khadim Diop, Assane Diop, Moussa Diallo, Fatimata Ly, and Suzane Oumou Niang
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, integumentary system, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Mean age, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Auto immune, Biochemistry, Dermatology, eye diseases, Pemphigus, Corticosteroid therapy, Epidemiology, Medicine, Bullous pemphigoid, skin and connective tissue diseases, business
Abstract: Introduction: The general objective was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of connectivitis in the dermatology department of the CHU Aristide Le Dantec. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted in the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital Center (UHC) Aristide Le Dantec (HALD) of Dakar between January 2009 and December 2019. Their diagnoses were retained according to the international criteria validated in the course of connectivites Results: We identified 290 cases of connectivitis. Systemic scleroderma was the most frequent in 34.42% (n=94), followed by systemic lupus in 25.86% (n=75), mixed connectivities in 22,06% (n=64) and dermatomyositis in 19,32% (n=56). Cancer was associated with dermatomyositis in 11 cases and with systemic scleroderma in 3 cases. The mean age of our patients was 38.23 years. The sex ratio was 4.2 and the mean duration of evolution was 25 months. Dermatological manifestations were constant, found in all patients. In systemic lupus, they were dominated by discoid lupus lesions found in 40% and hypochromic spots (86%) in systemic scleroderma. In dermatomyositis, skin lesions were dominated by periorbital erythroedema (66.07%). Joint manifestations were found in 56.89% of cases (n= 165), muscular manifestations in 41.37% of cases (n= 120) and pleuropulmonary manifestations in 31.3% of cases (n=91). Neuropsychiatric manifestations were noted in 5.17% of cases (n=15). All our patients were treated with corticosteroid therapy and 12.06% of them had received immunosuppressive treatment, the most commonly used molecules being methotrexate (3.44%) and cyclophosphamide (8.27%). Hydroxychloroquine was prescribed in 59.31% of patients, while D-penicillamine was prescribed in 42.06% of patients, 100% of whom were treated for systemic scleroderma. The main complications encountered were infectious complications in 83 cases (28.6%). Visceral complications, a type of visceral insufficiency, were noted in 4.13% of cases. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the frequency of connectivitis in the dermatology department. Its particularity was the predominance of systemic scleroderma over lupus which was classically the first connectivite in dermatology services. The delay in diagnosis noted is correlated with visceral attacks; hence the importance of a better knowledge of these affections for an early management.
Published: 2022
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2. Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a registry linkage study from Massachusetts

Author: Leslie V. Farland, Sunah S. Hwang, Stacey A. Missmer, Charles C. Coddington, Hafsatou Diop, Judy E. Stern, Howard Cabral, Chia-Ling Liu, and Dmitry Dukhovny
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, China, Adolescent, Placenta, Endometriosis, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Registries, Pregnancy outcomes, Linkage (software), Obstetrics, business.industry, Cesarean Section, Rehabilitation, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Medicine, Polycystic ovary, United States, Pregnancy Complications, Diabetes, Gestational, Reproductive Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases, Infertility, Premature Birth, Female, business, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Abstract: STUDY QUESTION Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a greater risk of adverse pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, cesarean section, placental abnormalities) and neonatal outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age, prolonged delivery hospitalization) compared to women without a PCOS diagnosis and does this risk vary by BMI, subfertility and fertility treatment utilization? SUMMARY ANSWER Deliveries to women with a history of PCOS were at greater risk of complications associated with cardiometabolic function, including gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, as well as preterm birth and prolonged length of delivery hospitalization. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Prior research has suggested that women with PCOS may be at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, findings have been inconsistent possibly due to lack of consistent adjustment for confounding factors, small samples size and other sources of bias. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Massachusetts deliveries among women ≥18 years old during 2013–2017 from state vital records linked to hospital discharges, observational stays and emergency department visits were linked to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System (SART CORS) and the Massachusetts All-Payers Claims Database (APCD). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS PCOS was identified by ICD9 and ICD10 codes in APCD prior to index delivery. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CI for pregnancy and delivery complications were modeled using generalized estimating equations with a log link and a Poisson distribution to take multiple cycles into account and were adjusted a priori for maternal age, BMI, race/ethnicity, education, plurality, birth year, chronic hypertension and chronic diabetes. Tests for homogeneity investigated differences between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI categories ( MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Among 91 825 deliveries, 3.9% had a history of PCOS. Women with a history of PCOS had a 51% greater risk of gestational diabetes (CI: 1.38–1.65) and a 25% greater risk of preeclampsia (CI: 1.15–1.35) compared to women without a diagnosis of PCOS. Neonates born to women with a history of PCOS were more likely to be born preterm (RR: 1.17, CI: 1.06–1.29) and more likely to have a prolonged delivery hospitalization after additionally adjusting for gestational age (RR: 1.23, CI: 1.09–1.40) compared to those of women without a diagnosis of PCOS. The risk for gestational diabetes for women with PCOS was greater among women with a pre-pregnancy BMI LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION PCOS was defined by ICD documentation prior to delivery so there may be women with undiagnosed PCOS or PCOS diagnosed after delivery included in the unexposed group. The study population is limited to deliveries within Massachusetts among most private insurance payers and inpatient or observational hospitalization in Massachusetts during the follow-up window, therefore there may be diagnoses and or deliveries outside of the state or outside of our sample that were not captured. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In this population-based study, women with a history of PCOS were at greater risk of pregnancy complications associated with cardiometabolic function and preterm birth. Obstetricians should be aware of patients’ PCOS status and closely monitor for potential pregnancy complications to improve maternal and infant perinatal health outcomes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the NIH (R01HD067270). S.A.M. receives grant funding from NIH, AbbVie and the Marriot Family Foundation; payment/honoraria from the University of British Columbia, World Endometriosis Research Foundation and Huilun Shanghai; travel support for attending meetings for ESHRE 2019, IASP 2019, National Endometriosis Network UK meeting 2019; SRI 2022, ESHRE 2022; participates on the data safety monitoring board/advisory board for AbbVie, Roche, Frontiers in Reproductive Health; and has a leadership role in the Society for Women’s Health Research, World Endometriosis Research Foundation, World Endometriosis Society, American Society for Reproductive Medicine and ESHRE. The other authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Published: 2022
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3. Smudge cells percentage on blood smear is a reliable prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Author: Moussa Seck, Awa Oumar Touré, Martine Raphael, Seynabou Fall, Abibatou Sall, Fatimata Bintou Sall, Fatou Samba Diago Ndiaye, Saliou Diop, Blaise Felix Faye, and Macoura Gadji
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Poor prognosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hematology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Cytogenetic Aberrations, Flow cytometry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood smear, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, business, Prospective cohort study, Smudge cells, 030215 immunology, Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Abstract: We evaluated the relevance of using the smudge cell percentage in the blood smear as a prognostic marker in CLL.In this prospective study, 42 untreated Senegalese patients with CLL were enrolled. The diagnosis was established, based on the peripheral blood count and flow cytometry using the Matutes score. Cytogenetic aberrations, assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), were available for 30 patients, while the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (IGVH) mutation status was performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 24 patients. The SC percentage was determined in the blood smear, as previously described. Statistical analyses were executed using the GraphPad Prism 8.The mean age was 63 years (48 - 85) and the male: female sex ratio was 4.66. A low SC (30%) percentage was correlated with Binet stage B/C (p = 0.0009), CD38 expression (p = 0.039), unmutated IGVH status (p = 0.0009) and presence of cytogenetic abnormalities (for del 13q, p = 0.0012, while for other cytogenetic aberrations, p = 0.016). An inverse correlation was found between the SC percentage and the absolute lymphocyte count (r = -0.51) and patients with higher percentage of SCs had a prolonged survival. However, there was no correlation between the SC percentage and age (p = 0.41) or gender (median, 19% for males vs. 20% for females; p = 0.76).When less than 30%, the SC was associated with a poor prognosis in CLL. Easy and affordable, the percentage of SCs in a blood smear could be a reliable prognostic marker, accessible to all CLL patients, mainly those in developing countries.
Published: 2022
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4. Strychnos spinosa Lam: comprehensive review on its medicinal and nutritional uses

Author: Koffi Akapagana, Komlan Batawila, Yao Hoekou, Nassifatou Koko Tittikpina, Wouyo Atakpama, and Yérim Mbagnick Diop
Subjects: biology, Traditional medicine, business.industry, Strychnos, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, Review article, Terpene, Complementary and alternative medicine, Ethnobotany, Strychnos spinosa, Drug Discovery, Food material, Medicine, Strychnos spinosa, ethnobotany, pharmacological activities, biological activities, nutrition, phytochemistry, business, Medicinal plants
Abstract: Background: Most of the people living in developing countries rely on local remedies from traditional medicines to take care of their healthcare needs. In recent years, the use of medicinal plants increased considerably. Consequently, studies on medicinal plants are necessary to produce more effective drugs with fewer side-effects. This work aims to compile the dispersal data on Strychnos spinosa Lam., a medicinal plant with great therapeutic potential in traditional medicine, on its ethnobotanical uses, chemical compounds, as well as its pharmacological and nutritional effects. Material and Methods: To achieve the aforementioned aim, electronic databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct, Google scholar, Scopus and SciFinder were scanned. Results: Literature survey revealed that S. spinosa is used in the treatment of microbial infections, malaria, trypanosomiasis, intestinal worms, tuberculosis, infertility, gastrointestinal disorders, snake bite, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus among other ailments. The plant is also used as food material. S. spinosa contains many chemical compounds, such as alkaloids, terpenes, sterols, fatty acids, flavonoids, saponin, and others. The fruits are a source of important nutrients such as carbohydrates, sugars, proteins, vitamins and fibres. Experimental studies have shown numerous pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, anti-trypanosomal, anti-leishmanial, anti-nematicidal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic and other activities. Conclusion: This review article provides comprehensive information on S. spinosa and its various extracts. Due to the promising effects of the plant extracts on various diseases and its nutritional values, there is a need for toxicity studies and clinical trials to assess the effects of its identified bioactive compounds.
Published: 2023

5. Cerebral venous thrombosis in a sub-saharan African country: A preliminary monocentric study of a 70 case series at the neurology department of Fann teaching hospital in Dakar – Senegal

Author: N.M. Gaye, R. Diagne, Alassane Mamadou Diop, A.M. Basse-Faye, K. Toure, A.B. Mbodji, Adjaratou Dieynabou Sow, S.A.A. Fall, S.S. Mbacké, Mamadou Mourtalla Ka, M. Fall, Amadou Gallo Diop, A.P. Senghor, Lala Bouna Seck, K.A. Mbaye, Ngor Side Diagne, Mamadou Moustapha Sarr, M. Ndiaye, Marième Soda Diop-Sène, and Ousmane Cisse
Subjects: Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Thrombophilia, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, parasitic diseases, medicine, Coagulopathy, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospitals, Teaching, Prospective cohort study, Africa South of the Sahara, Retrospective Studies, Venous Thrombosis, Intracerebral hemorrhage, business.industry, Meningoencephalitis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Senegal, Venous thrombosis, Neurology, Etiology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Intracranial Thrombosis, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Superior sagittal sinus
Abstract: Introduction Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) are underdiagnosed in sub-saharan Africa where publications are uncommon. Our study aim was to describe the CVT diagnostic and therapeutic features through a senegalese case series. Patients and method A monocentric retrospective and prospective study was conducted at the adult Neurology department of Fann Teaching Hospital in Dakar (Senegal), between January 01, 2013 and April 30, 2020. It had included all CVT cases diagnosed by neurovascular imaging. Results Seventy CVT cases were collected including 48 women (68.6%). The average age of the patients was 35.2 ± 14 years. The main neurological signs were headache (92.8%) and motor deficit (41.4%), with subacute onset in 67.2% of cases. The superior sagittal sinus (54.3%) and the transverse sinus (38.6%) were the most affected with multiple involvements in 27 patients (38.6%). Thirty patients (42.8%) had indirect parenchymal signs such as venous infarction (15.7%), cerebral edema (11.4%) or intracerebral hemorrhage (12.8%). The etiological factors were mostly infectious (41.4%) with meningoencephalitis (12.8%) and otorhinolaryngological infection (10%). Gyneco-obstetric factors (27%) and Behcet's disease (7%) were the main aseptic factors. In the short-term clinical course, curative anticoagulation (98.6%) had enabled a favourable outcome (mRS 0-1) in half of the patients. Conclusion Our study, the largest series in sub-saharan Africa to this date, confirms that CVT is a young women disease. Infectious etiology is the most frequent at the Fann national teaching hospital (41.4% in Dakar against 6.5% in Germaine Bousser's series) even if the etiological assessment is limited by financial constraints (no coagulopathy/thrombophilia check-up).
Published: 2021
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6. Respective prevalence of high‐risk HPVgenotypes in cervical neoplasia in Senegal

Author: Oumy Diop‐Diongue, Madeleine Mbow, Nafissatou Ndiaye Ba, Aboubacry Dramé, Mba Elhadji Bambo Diakhaby, B. Dembele, Xavier Sastre-Garau, Gisèle Woto-Gaye, Mamadou Diop, Coumba Toure Kane, and Halimatou Diop-Ndiaye
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Internal medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Papillomavirus Vaccines, 030212 general & internal medicine, Papillomaviridae, Genotyping, Cervical cancer, Intraepithelial neoplasia, business.industry, Viral Epidemiology, Incidence (epidemiology), Papillomavirus Infections, virus diseases, Cancer, Middle Aged, Uterine Cervical Dysplasia, medicine.disease, Senegal, Infectious Diseases, High risk hpv, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business
Abstract: Objectives In the perspective of prophylactic vaccination against high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), we analyzed the viral epidemiology of cervical neoplasia in Senegal. Methods All patients were treated at the Institut Joliot Curie du Cancer in Dakar. HPV genotypes were characterized using a Real-time PCR-based approach and sequencing. Results Histologically, there were 224 invasive carcinomas, 17 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 5 undetermined histologies. Molecular analysis was conclusive in 241 cases. HPV DNA was found in 207/241 (85.9%) cases while 34/241 (14.1%) remained HPV negative. There was one single genotype in 127/207 (61.4%) cases and several in 80/207 (38.6%) corresponding to 308 genotypes identified. Viral genotyping found HPV16 in 175 (56.8%) cases, HPV18 in 45 (14.6%), HPV45 in 40 (13.0%), HPV58 in 35 (11.4%), HPV33 in 6 (2.0%), HPV35 in 3 (1.0%), HPV31 in 2 (0.6%), HPV39 and HPV56 in one (0.3% each). Conclusion Our analysis showed that 98.4% of the HPV-positive cases were associated with viral genotypes covered by the 9-valent HPV vaccine. However, 14.1% cases remained HPV negative. Therefore, prophylactic vaccination using 9-valent vaccine should dramatically reduce the incidence of HPV-associated neoplasia but the detection and treatment of CIN remains necessary for the optimal prevention of cervical cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2021
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7. Duplication of the Inferior Vena Cava, Azygos Continuation and Retro Aortic Renal Vein: Fortuitous Discovery

Author: Ibrahima Faye, Marcel Mbarga, Geraud Akpo, Soukeyna Abouabdillah, Mamadou Lamine Gueye, Ibrahima Niang, Ndeye Bigué Mar, Sokhna Ba Diop, Abdoulaye Diop, El Hadji Niang, Hamidou Deme, Assane Ndiaye, Youssoupha Kasse, and Nfaly Badji
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Abdominal ultrasound, business.industry, Computed tomography, Inferior vena cava, medicine.vein, Rare case, Gene duplication, cardiovascular system, medicine, Radiology, Renal vein, business, Azygos continuation
Abstract: We present a rare case associating inferior vena cava’s (IVC) complex variations. Anatomical, embryological and clinical aspects are discussed. Duplication’s discovery was fortuitous during an abdominal ultrasound and was confirmed by the CT scan. The latter also highlighted azygos continuation, retro aortic renal vein and an iliac venous anomaly. These variants are important to know in order to be able to differentiate them from lymphadenopathy, para-vertebral masses, and aortic pathologies. It is necessary to report them before any retroperitoneal surgery or interventional vascular procedure.
Published: 2021
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8. A case study of Stroke patients in Senegal: application of Generalized extreme value regression model

Author: Idrissa Sy, El Hadji Deme, Aliou Diop, and Aba Diop
Subjects: Stroke patient, business.industry, Statistics, Generalized extreme value distribution, Medicine, Ocean Engineering, Regression analysis, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, business
Abstract: Logistic regression model is widely used in many studies to investigate the relationship between a binary response variable Y and a set of potential predictors X. The binary response may represent, for example, the occurrence of some outcome of interest (Y=1 if the outcome occurred and Y=0 otherwise). When the dependent variable Y represents a rare event, the logistic regression model shows relevant drawbacks. In order to overcome these drawbacks we propose the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) regression model. In particularly, we suggest the quantile function of the GEV distribution as link function. Strokes are a serious pathology and a neurological emergency involving the vital prognosis and the functional prognosis. In Senegal, strokes account for more than 30% of hospitalizations and are responsible for nearly two thirds of mortality. In this work, we use the GVE regression model for binary data to determine the risk factors leading to stroke and to develop a predictive model of life-threatening outcomes in central Sénégal.
Published: 2021
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9. Primary Immune Deficiencies (PID): Diagnosis Challenges

Author: Ibrahima Diagne, Y. Dieng, Ousmane Ndiaye, Ouafae Achnin, Abou Ba, Babacar Niang, Mame Sokhna Gueye, Papa Moctar Faye, Idrissa Demba Ba, Ibrahima Bara Diop, I. Deme, Tandakha Ndiaye Dieye, Mame Tene Ndiaye, Amadou Lamine Fall, Diop, Yaye Fatou Mbodj, A. Thiongane, and Awa Kane
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Immune system, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine, Developing country, Case presentation, Girl, Genetic diagnosis, business, media_common
Abstract: Background: Primary Immune Deficiencies (PID) are rare, under-determined diseases particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The diagnosis is often suspected with uncommon clinical signs. Infections are the main diagnostic circumstances in infants. Confirmation is often difficult because some additional examinations are unavailable in many of our countries. Aim: Our aim was to share the challenge of diagnosis and treatment in PID. Case Presentation: It is about two infants, a boy and a girl, with early several infections. Both of them presented a hypo-gammaglobulinemia and to the boy, the immuno-phenotyping lymphocyte showed a decreased level of lymphocytes CD19. We are looking for genetic confirmation but it is not easy. The treatment of these infants requires a substitution for life of immunoglobulin which is unavailable in our countries. Conclusion: PID are suspected with atypical clinical signs. Confirmation genetic diagnosis is difficult in low income countries. To improve the follow up, we need to strengthen clinical-biological collaboration.
Published: 2021
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10. Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Prolongation of the Management of Myocardial Infarctions Seen Late: A Cross-Sectional Study of 25 Cases Collected in the Cardiology Department of the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar (Senegal)

Author: A. Kane, A. Mbaye, Ndiaye Mb, Simon Antoine Sarr, Ad. Kane, Joseph Salvador Mingou, Mohamed Lamine Diao, Fatou Aw, H. B. Diop, Stéphanie Akanni, Malick Bodian, Y. Diouf, Cheikh Mouhamadou Bamba Mbacke Diop, Papa Guirane Ndiaye, and K. Diop
Subjects: Acute coronary syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Nausea, Cross-sectional study, medicine.disease, Chest pain, Internal medicine, Pandemic, medicine, Cardiology, Myocardial infarction, medicine.symptom, Risk factor, business, Sedentary lifestyle
Abstract: Background: Timely management determines the prognosis of patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome with persistent ST-segment elevation (STEMI). Coronavirus COVID-19 appeared in China, in Wuhan in December 2019, which has spread at a lightning speed across the planet earth, becoming a pandemic. Senegal, as well as countries around the world, has also been affected by this pandemic, which has had a strong impact on all its sectors of activity, particularly the health system. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the factors that increase the time required to treat myocardial infarctions, received late at H?pital Aristide le Dantec and to assess the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on these delays. Results: A total of 25 patients were included: 17 patients in pre-pandemic period and 8 patients in pandemic period. The predominance was male with a sex ratio of 2.5. The mean age was 59.20 years. Hypertension was the leading risk factor with a prevalence of 60% followed by sedentary lifestyle (48%). Typical chest pain was the most frequent clinical symptom found on admission (80%) followed by nausea and vomiting (40%). The first medical contact took place in a hospital in most patients (44%) and was made by a general practitioner (64%). The majority of patients (76%) were referred to the cardiology department. The personal car was the most frequently used means of transportation for our patients (60%). The average distance by car between the place of occurrence and the hospital was 22.6 km with extremes of 3.30 and 36 km. The average travel time from the place of occurrence to the cardiology department was 43 min 30 s with extremes of 11 and 57 min. When comparing the results according to the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in the number of incident cases is noted. Before the pandemic, a consultation in multiple units was noted in the majority of cases (41%) before admission. During COVID-19, the majority of patients (62.5%) had consulted only one site. The average time from pain to first medical contact was 06 h 30 min before the COVID-19 pandemic and 42 h06 min during the COVID-19 pandemic. The mean time to electrocardiogram recording was 14 h 30 min before the Covid-19 pandemic and 27 h 22 min during the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion: There are significant delays in the management of STEMI patients. They are attributable to both the patients and the system. The main factors of system delay found in our study were the delay in ECG recording, its interpretation, and the organization of transfer via a medical ambulance. The Covid-19 disease has globally aggravated these delays that were already present before the pandemic. Consequent measures must be taken to reduce these delays that determine the vital prognosis of STEMI patients.
Published: 2021
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11. Factors Associated with Foot Lesions in Diabetic Patients at Saint-Louis Hospital (Senegal): A Case-Control Study Protocol

Author: M. Dieng, Dia D, M.L. Fall, Mohamed Lamine Diao, Adja Coumba Diallo, P. M. Ma Nyemb, Jacques Noel Tendeng, B M Gouamba, Moustapha Diedhiou, B Konta, Ibrahima Konaté, Abdourahmane Ndong, Diago Anta Dia, Saer Diop, and Amadou Diop Dia
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, 030230 surgery, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, amputation, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, gangrene, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, ulcer, education.field_of_study, Univariate analysis, diabetes, business.industry, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Diabetic foot, Editorial, Amputation, foot, Emergency medicine, Surgery, business, Foot (unit)
Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes prevalence has increased over the past years. In Senegal, this prevalence is 4% in the general population. However, the region of Saint-Louis (in the north of the country) has the highest rate with 10.4%. The main prognosis problem is the occurrence foot lesions that can lead to lower-limbs amputation. Diabetic foot is a real public health issue, due to its economic burden and its serious repercussions on patients, leading to poor quality of life. The objective of this case-control study is to identify factors associated with foot lesions in diabetic patients. Methods and analysis: It will be a case-control study from January to December 2021. The patients will be recruited from the departments of general surgery, internal medicine, and emergency. An univariate then multivariate analysis (logistic regression) will allow us to select the variables associated with foot lesions in our study population. The parameters included in the logistic regression will be those with a p < 0.20 in the univariate analysis. Finally, a binary logistic regression analysis (with the calculation of Odds Ratios (OR) with confidence intervals (CI)) according to the backward stepwise method will identify the factors independently associated to foot lesions in diabetic patients. Ethics and dissemination: This research protocol will be submitted to the Ethics Committee of our institution for approval. The knowledge of factors causing diabetic foot will help to communicate with policymakers to raise the awareness in our community. Finally, it will help to prevent lower limb amputations. Highlights Diabetes is the leading cause of non-traumatic lower-limb amputation in the world. The region of Saint-Louis (Senegal) has the highest prevalence of diabetes. Controlling factors associated with foot lesions in diabetic patients can prevent from amputation.
Published: 2021
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12. Management and Control of a DC Bus Powered by Renewable Energies

Author: Moustapha Diop, Abdoulaye Kebe, Mouhamadou Moustapha Diop, and Ibrahima Gueye
Subjects: Battery (electricity), State of charge, business.industry, Computer science, Energy management, Fuzzy control system, business, DC motor, Fuzzy logic, Automotive engineering, DC-BUS, Renewable energy
Abstract: This article proposes a method of management and control of a continuous bus powered by renewable energies for autonomous applications. The DC bus is obtained from two systems of renewable sources (the solar system and the wind system) and storage battery (Lithium Ion). The continuous bus control and management procedure require efficiency in the control of the charge and discharge of the battery according to the load energy demand (DC Motor). The battery charging process is non-linear, varying over time with considerable delay, so it is difficult to achieve the best performance on control with energy management using traditional control approaches. A fuzzy control strategy is used in this article for battery control. To improve battery life, fuzzy control manages the desired state of charge (SOC). The entire system designed is modeled and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink Environment.
Published: 2021
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13. Prevalence and genetic characterization of noroviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis in Senegal, 2007–2010

Author: Amadou Gallo Diop, Ousmane Kebe, Jan Vinjé, Amary Fall, Maria-Dolores Fernandez-Garcia, Ndack Ndiaye, Kader Ndiaye, and Boris-Enock Zinsou
Subjects: Adult, Genotype, viruses, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Feces, fluids and secretions, Virology, Environmental health, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Child, Phylogeny, Caliciviridae Infections, business.industry, Norovirus, Genetic Variation, Infant, virus diseases, Acute gastroenteritis, Rotavirus vaccine, Senegal, Gastroenteritis, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, medicine.symptom, business, Paediatric population
Abstract: Norovirus is the leading cause of sporadic and epidemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children and adults around the world. We investigated the molecular diversity of noroviruses in a paediatric population in Senegal between 2007-2010 prior to rotavirus vaccine implementation. Stool samples were collected from 599 children under 5 years of age consulting for AGE in a hospital in Dakar. Specimens were screened for noroviruses using the Allplex™ GI-Virus Assay. Positive samples were genotyped after sequencing of conventional RT-PCR products. Noroviruses were detected in 79 (13.2%) of the children, with GII.4 (64%) and GII.6 (10%) as the most frequently identified genotypes. Our study describes the distribution of genotypes between 2007 and 2010 and should be a baseline for comparison with more contemporary studies. This could help decision makers on possible choices of norovirus vaccines in the event of future introduction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2021
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14. Essential Package of Palliative Care for Women With Cervical Cancer: Responding to the Suffering of a Highly Vulnerable Population

Author: Cristiana Sessa, Ted Trimble, Mamadou Diop, Nahla Gafer, Lawrence F. Borges, Lisa Bazzett-Matabele, Quynh Xuan Nguyen Truong, Surbhi Grover, Sarah Byrne-Martelli, Maryam Rassouli, Gauhar Afshan, Raimundo Correa, C R Beena Devi, Eric L. Krakauer, Annekathryn Goodman, Xiaoxiao Jiang Kwete, Elena Fidarova, Shekinah N. Elmore, Danta Dona Ruthnie Bien-Aimé, Mihir Kamdar, Cherian Varghese, Annette Hasenburg, Stephen R. Connor, Thomas C. Randall, Dingle Spence, Suresh Kumar, Kelly E. Irwin, and Khadidjatou Kane
Subjects: Cervical cancer, Gynecologic Cancer, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, business.industry, Psychological intervention, MEDLINE, medicine.disease, SPECIAL ARTICLES, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Health care, medicine, Income level, Vulnerable population, 030212 general & internal medicine, Human resources, business
Abstract: Women with cervical cancer, especially those with advanced disease, appear to experience suffering that is more prevalent, complex, and severe than that caused by other cancers and serious illnesses, and approximately 85% live in low- and middle-income countries where palliative care is rarely accessible. To respond to the highly prevalent and extreme suffering in this vulnerable population, we convened a group of experienced experts in all aspects of care for women with cervical cancer, and from countries of all income levels, to create an essential package of palliative care for cervical cancer (EPPCCC). The EPPCCC consists of a set of interventions, medicines, simple equipment, social supports, and human resources, and is designed to be safe and effective for preventing and relieving all types of suffering associated with cervical cancer. It includes only inexpensive and readily available medicines and equipment, and its use requires only basic training. Thus, the EPPCCC can and should be made accessible everywhere, including for the rural poor. We provide guidance for integrating the EPPCCC into gynecologic and oncologic care at all levels of health care systems, and into primary care, in countries of all income levels.
Published: 2021
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15. Augmented Package of Palliative Care for Women With Cervical Cancer: Responding to Refractory Suffering

Author: Lisa Bazzett-Matabele, Mihir Kamdar, Cherian Varghese, Thomas C. Randall, Nahla Gafer, Ted Trimble, Khadidjatou Kane, Dingle Spence, Quynh Xuan Nguyen Truong, Kelly E. Irwin, C R Beena Devi, Sarah Byrne-Martelli, Raimundo Correa, Suresh Kumar, Gauhar Afshan, Elena Fidarova, Lawrence F. Borges, Annette Hasenburg, Cristiana Sessa, Stephen R. Connor, Surbhi Grover, Maryam Rassouli, Danta Dona Ruthnie Bien-Aimé, Mamadou Diop, Xiaoxiao Jiang Kwete, Shekinah N. Elmore, Eric L. Krakauer, and Annekathryn Goodman
Subjects: Cervical cancer, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, MEDLINE, medicine.disease, Bowel obstruction, Radiation therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, Refractory, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Vomiting, medicine.symptom, Intensive care medicine, business, Psychosocial, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The essential package of palliative care for cervical cancer (EPPCCC), described elsewhere, is designed to be safe and effective for preventing and relieving most suffering associated with cervical cancer and universally accessible. However, it appears that women with cervical cancer, more frequently than patients with other cancers, experience various types of suffering that are refractory to basic palliative care such as what can be provided with the EPPCCC. In particular, relief of refractory pain, vomiting because of bowel obstruction, bleeding, and psychosocial suffering may require additional expertise, medicines, or equipment. Therefore, we convened a group of experienced experts in all aspects of care for women with cervical cancer, and from countries of all income levels, to create an augmented package of palliative care for cervical cancer with which even suffering refractory to the EPPCCC often can be relieved. The package consists of medicines, radiotherapy, surgical procedures, and psycho-oncologic therapies that require advanced or specialized training. Each item in this package should be made accessible whenever the necessary resources and expertise are available.
Published: 2021
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16. Cervical Cancer-Associated Suffering: Estimating the Palliative Care Needs of a Highly Vulnerable Population

Author: Lisa Bazzett-Matabele, Nahla Gafer, Quach Thanh Khanh, Elena Fidarova, Ted Trimble, Danta Dona Ruthnie Bien-Aimé, Annette Hasenburg, Quynh Xuan Nguyen Truong, Sarah Byrne-Martelli, Suresh Kumar, Annekathryn Goodman, M. R. Rajagopal, Julie Torode, Eric L. Krakauer, Thomas C. Randall, Maryam Rassouli, Diana Nevzorova, Cristiana Sessa, Raimundo Correa, C R Beena Devi, Khadidjatou Kane, Surbhi Grover, Dingle Spence, Kelly E. Irwin, Mamadou Diop, Cherian Varghese, Stephen R. Connor, Gauhar Afshan, and Xiaoxiao Jiang Kwete
Subjects: Cervical cancer, Gynecologic Cancer, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, business.industry, MEDLINE, ORIGINAL REPORTS, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Vulnerable population, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, business
Abstract: PURPOSE To enable design of optimum palliative care for women with cervical cancer, we studied the most common types of suffering and their severity, prevalence, and duration. METHODS We first reviewed the literature on the major types, severity, prevalence, and duration of suffering associated with cervical cancer. We then conducted a modified Delphi process with experts in cervical cancer care to supplement the literature. For each type of suffering, we distinguished between decedents (those who die from cervical cancer in a given year) and nondecedents (those who have cervical cancer in a given year but do not die). By applying the suffering prevalence and duration estimates to the number of decedents, nondecedents, and family caregivers in 2017, we were able to estimate their palliative care needs and the intensity of palliative care needed to respond adequately to this suffering. RESULTS There is a high prevalence among decedents of moderate or severe pain (84%), vaginal discharge (66%), vaginal bleeding (61%), and loss of faith (31%). Among both decedents and nondecedents, there is a high prevalence of clinically significant anxiety (63% and 50%, respectively), depressed mood (52% and 38%, respectively), and sexual dysfunction (87% and 83%, respectively). Moderate or severe financial distress is prevalent among decedents, nondecedents, and family caregivers (84%, 74%, and 66%, respectively). More than 40% of decedents and nondecedents are abandoned by their intimate partners. Most patients experience some combination of moderate or severe physical, psychological, social, and spiritual suffering. In total, 258,649 decedents and 2,558,857 nondecedents needed palliative care in 2017, approximately 85% of whom were in low- and middle-income countries where palliative care is rarely accessible. CONCLUSION Among women with advanced cervical cancer, suffering is highly prevalent and often severe and multifaceted.
Published: 2021
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17. Etat des lieux de l’envenimation par morsure de serpent en 2019 au CHU Gabriel Touré de Bamako : Particularités cliniques, pronostiques et évaluation de la disponibilité des SAV

Author: Coulibaly Mahamadoun, Youssouf Ouedrago, Siriman A Koita, Drissa K Bagayogo, Moustapha Issa Mangane, Ousmane Nientao, Madane T Diop, Diango M Djibo, Aladji Seidou Dembele, Y Coulibaly, and Hamidou Almeimoune Maiga
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Context (language use), Emergency Nursing, Teaching hospital, Epidemiology, Emergency Medicine, medicine, Hemoperitoneum, medicine.symptom, Envenomation, business
Abstract: Objectif : L’objectif était d’apporter une mise à jour des données épidémiologiques, évaluer la prise en charge de ces envenimations et faire ressortir les facteurs pronostiques de ces affections dans notre contexte. Patients et Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective transversale allant du 01 Février 2019 au 31 Janvier 2020, ont été inclus à l’étude tous patients admis au service d’accueil des urgences du CHU Gabriel TOURE de Bamako pour envenimation par morsure de serpent. Les caractéristiques démographiques, cliniques, paracliniques, thérapeutiques ont été relevées sur une fiche d’exploitation préalablement établie. Les données ont été saisies sur WORD 2013 et analysées sur SPSS 21. Résultats : 126 cas d’envenimations ont été inclus à l’étude. L’âge moyen des patients était de 25 ans ; le sexe masculin représentait 63,5% des cas. La période hivernale était la période de prédilection des morsures. Le délai de consultation était > 72H dans 40,5%. Un syndrome hémorragique était présent dans 77% des cas. L’hémopéritoine de grande abondance, l’hémorragie intracrânienne, les fausses couches et l’insuffisance rénale étaient les principales complications rencontrées. Nous avons enregistré une mortalité de 10%. Conclusion : Des progrès ont été observés quant à l’approvisionnement en SAV au Mali depuis 2016. Au Mali, l’incidence et la gravité de cette pathologie restent encore mal connues. Les études réalisées sur ce sujet sont rares et se limitent à quelques centres hospitaliers. Une meilleure évaluation de l’incidence et de la morbidité est pourtant indispensable pour améliorer la prise en charge.
Published: 2021
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18. Neonatal Nasal Obstruction

Author: Mohamed Diop and Karthik Balakrishnan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Respiratory distress, business.industry, Noisy breathing, Signs and symptoms, respiratory system, Otorhinolaryngology, Epidemiology, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Presentation (obstetrics), Differential diagnosis, business, Foreign Bodies
Abstract: Neonates are obligate nasal breathers. As a result, they are uniquely suspectable to nasal obstruction, particularly when bilateral, and can present with life-threatening respiratory distress, feeding concerns, or noisy breathing. The differential diagnosis for pediatric nasal obstruction is broad; nasal obstruction in the post-natal period can manifest in different levels of the nasal passageway and vary in laterality and severity. Clinicians must be able to quickly identify signs and symptoms, develop an appropriate differential diagnosis, and plan treatment to manage neonatal nasal obstruction. This review will use the newest literature to highlight common causes of neonatal nasal obstruction and discuss the epidemiology, presentation, associated problems, workup, management, and review controversial topics in neonatal obstruction. Neonatal nasal obstruction can be congenital; or secondary to neurogenic/neoplastic diseases, infectious processes, foreign bodies, inflammatory processes, or maternal factors; or can be indicative of underlying syndromic diseases.
Published: 2021
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19. Association of hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Dakar

Author: El Hadji Malick Ndour, Philomène Lopez Sall, Ndeye Marieme Thioune, Papa Madieye Gueye, Dominique Doupa, Maimouna Ndour Mbaye, Alix Palanga Koboyo, Nènè Oumou Kesso Barry, Michel Assane Ndour, Aynina Cisse, Demba Diedhiou, Pape Matar Kandji, Najah Fatou Gueye Coly, Pape Amadou Diop, Gueye-Tall Fatou, and Moustapha Djite
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Triglyceride, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Internal medicine, Medicine, Uric acid, Biomarker (medicine), Pharmacology (medical), Microalbuminuria, Hyperuricemia, Metabolic syndrome, business
Abstract: The association between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome (MS) has been reported in many studies. The authors performed this cross-sectional study to determine the association between hyperuricemia and the MS among diabetic patients in Dakar. Type 2 diabetic patients received as part of their follow-up at the Marc Sankale Center of Abass Ndao Hospital in Dakar were enrolled. For each patient, blood samples and 24 h urine collection were performed. Hyperuricemia was defined for uric acid concentrations > 416 µmol/l in men and > 357 µmol/l in women and the MS was evaluated according to WHO criteria. Statistical analysis was done using the XLSTAT 2019 software. A total of 153 type 2 diabetic patients were included with an average age of 56.63 years. Thirty-one percent (31%) of patients had metabolic syndrome and 32% of them had hyperuricemia. Significant correlations were found between serum uric acid and some components of the MS including triglyceride levels (r = 0.25, p = 0.002), microalbuminuria (r = 0.19, p = 0.018), and fasting glucose (r = - 0.22, p = 0.005). The authors found that hyperuricemia is frequent in patients with MS and this could be considered as a biomarker associated with the presence of this syndrome. Key words: Hyperuricemia, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, uric acid.
Published: 2021
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20. Magnetic resonance elastography in normal pressure hydrocephalus—a scoping review

Author: Ulla Jensen, Bjarni Johannsson, Christian Bonde Pedersen, Sune Munthe, Frantz Rom Poulsen, Jan Saip Aunan-Diop, Bo Halle, and Fredrik Harbo
Subjects: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Web of science, Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods, Neurosurgery, Signs and symptoms, Stiffness, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods, Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure/diagnostic imaging, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Normal pressure hydrocephalus, Humans, Medicine, Tissue mechanics, Protocol (science), business.industry, Viscoelasticity, General Medicine, Brain/diagnostic imaging, medicine.disease, Elasticity, Magnetic resonance elastography, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: Background: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the brain allows quantitative measurement of tissue mechanics. Multiple studies are exploring possible applications in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) in clinical and paraclinical contexts. This is of great interest in neurological surgery due to challenges related to diagnosis and prediction of treatment effects. In this scoping review, we present a topical overview and discuss the current literature, with particular attention to clinical implications and current challenges. Methods: The protocol was based on the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. After a systematic database search (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science), the articles were screened for relevance. Thirty articles were subject to detailed screening, and key technical and clinical data items were extracted. The inclusion criteria included the use of MRE on human subjects with NPH. Results: Seven articles were included in the final study. These studies had various objectives including the role of MRE in the assessment of regional elastic changes in NPH, shunt effect, and evaluation of NPH symptoms. MRE revealed patterns of mechanical changes in NPH that differed from other dementias. Regional MRE changes were associated with specific NPH signs and symptoms. Neurosurgical shunting caused partial normalization in tissue scaffold parameters. The studies were highly heterogeneous in technical aspects and design. Conclusion: MRE studies in NPH are still limited by few participants, variable cohorts, inconsistent methodologies, and technical challenges, but the approach shows great potential for future clinical application.
Published: 2021
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21. Aesthetic and psychosocial impact of dentofacial appearance after primary rhinoplasty for cleft lip and palate

Author: Béatrice Morand, Delphine Wagner, Catherine Bruant-Rodier, Jean-Claude Talmant, C. Dissaux, Laeticia Ruffenach, Bruno Grollemund, and Valérie Diop
Subjects: Cleft Lip, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, Dentistry, Esthetics, Dental, Nose, Rhinoplasty, Social life, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Child, business.industry, Upper lip, 030206 dentistry, Satisfaction questionnaire, Cleft Palate, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Social relationship, Surgery, Oral Surgery, business, Psychosocial
Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to demonstrate whether primary rhinoplasty shows aesthetic and psychosocial advantages for children with a complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. The second aim was to determine the satisfaction levels concerning the dentofacial appearance. Group A corresponded to patients from a center specialised in primary cheilo-rhinoplasty with 20 years' experience and Group B to patients who did not benefit from primary rhinoplasty. Children and their parents filled in a custom-designed satisfaction questionnaire on dentofacial appearance and its psychosocial impact. The variables studied were the main criterion (the nose) and secondary criteria (the upper lip, the smile, the profile and the face as a whole). 56 families consented to be involved in the study. The children did not rate statistically differently their social relationships if they had primary rhinoplasty or not. Parents however expressed very different views. They considered the nasal appearance of the children who had primary rhinoplasty as statistically more attractive and evaluated their psychosocial experience as significantly better. For the other parts of the face, in both groups, satisfaction levels of dentofacial appearance and psychosocial comfort were good (scores above 80/100). Yet, 44% of the families would go for further interventions, especially concerning the nose (13% of whom were in Group A and 42% in Group B). Within the limitations of this study, primary rhinoplasty seems to improve the patient's well-being and social life and, therefore, should be considered whenever appropriate.
Published: 2021
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22. Painful and Indurated Hyperchromic Cord of the Arm: Thrombophlebitis of the Cephalic Vein

Author: Papa Abdou Diop, Mamadou Ly, Hamza Souhail, Abdoulaye Diop, Sokhna Ba, Pape Matar Kandji, Ibrahima Niang, and Waly Niang Mboup
Subjects: Cephalic vein, medicine.medical_specialty, Cord, business.industry, Symptomatic treatment, medicine.disease, Thrombophlebitis, Surgery, medicine, Medical history, Doppler ultrasound, Thrombus, business, Complication
Abstract: We here report a case of an acute cephalic vein thrombophlebitis in a 34-year-old female patient with no known thromboembolic risk factors and no medical history or ongoing treatment. We present the images of her diagnosis, which was made in the presence of a painful and indurated hyperchromic cord of the arm and confirmed by Doppler ultrasound. In the absence of deep extension of the thrombus, his management was limited to a symptomatic treatment without anticoagulation and the symptomatology was amended without complication or recurrence.
Published: 2021
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23. Malrotation of an iliac ectopic kidney with pyelo-ureteral duplication: An incidental three-in-one congenital anomaly

Author: Khadidiatou Ndiaye Diouf, Sokhna Ba, Mamadou Ly, Ibrahima Niang, Ndeye Bigué Mar, Abdoulaye Diop, Cheikh Tidiane Diop, Abdourahmane Ndong, and Ndiaga Seck Ndour
Subjects: lcsh:Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Congenital anomalies, lcsh:R895-920, Computed tomography, Case Report, urologic and male genital diseases, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blunt, Gene duplication, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Renal malrotation, Renal ectopia, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Pyelo-ureteral duplication, CT-scan, medicine.disease, Ectopic kidney, Ureteral duplication, Abdominal trauma, Iliac renal ectopia, Radiology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Renal ectopia is a rare congenital anomaly that mostly occurs in the pelvic area. An ectopic kidney is usually associated with other anomalies such as a malrotation. We report the case of a 15-year-old male who consulted after a blunt abdominal trauma. A left iliac renal ectopia was incidentally discovered. This ectopic kidney was associated with a malrotation, and a pyelo-ureteral duplication. Iliac renal ectopia should be dissociated from other abdominal renal ectopias, and its association with other renal malformations should be further investigated.
Published: 2020

24. Immunogenicity of seasonal inactivated influenza and inactivated polio vaccines among children in Senegal: Results from a cluster-randomized trial

Author: Meagan E. Deming, Justin R. Ortiz, Mbayame Ndiaye Niang, Aldiouma Diallo, Ousmane M. Diop, Doudou Diop, Déborah Goudiaby, Kathryn E. Lafond, John C. Victor, Kristen D.C. Lewis, Ndongo Dia, Marc-Alain Widdowson, and Kathleen M. Neuzil
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Influenza vaccine, 030231 tropical medicine, Antibodies, Viral, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Seroconversion, Child, Hemagglutination assay, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, Immunogenicity, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Antibody titer, Infant, virus diseases, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, medicine.disease, Senegal, Poliomyelitis, Vaccination, Titer, Infectious Diseases, Vaccines, Inactivated, Influenza Vaccines, Child, Preschool, Molecular Medicine, Seasons, business
Abstract: Data on influenza vaccine immunogenicity in children are limited from tropical developing countries. We recently reported significant, moderate effectiveness of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in a controlled, cluster-randomized trial in children in rural Senegal during 2009, a year of H3N2 vaccine mismatch (NCT00893906). We report immunogenicity of IIV3 and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) from that trial. We evaluated hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and polio antibody titers in response to vaccination of three age groups (6 through 35 months, 3 through 5 years, and 6 through 8 years). As all children were IIV naive, each received two vaccine doses, although titers were assessed after only the first dose for subjects aged 6 through 8 years. Seroconversion rates (4-fold titer rise or increase from
Published: 2020
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25. A Case of Ultrasound Diagnosis of Intestinal Ascariasis Clinically Simulating Intussusception

Author: Ibrahima Niang, Axel Kayembe, Abdoulaye Diop, Fallou Galass Niang, Sokhna Ba, Serigne Ahma Mbacké Dia, Mamadou Ly, Cheikh Tidiane Diop, and Abdourahmane Ndong
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Ultrasound, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Asymptomatic, Acute abdominal syndrome, Intussusception (medical disorder), Ascariasis, Medicine, Helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common helminth affecting humans. It is endemic in tropical and underdeveloped countries. It particularly infects children but most often is asymptomatic. Sometimes, it can mimic a surgical abdominal emergency. When it is suspected, its diagnosis is made on the parasitological examination of stool. We here report the case of a diagnosis of intestinal ascariasis made on ultrasound in an 8-year-old child who consulted for an acute abdominal syndrome which initially suggested an acute intussusception.
Published: 2020
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26. Indications and Results of Repair of the Rhumatismal Valve in Children in Senegal concerning 63 Cases

Author: Momar Sokhna Diop, Papa Salmane Ba, Papa Amath Diagne, Souleymane Diatta, Ndeye Fatou Sow, Amadou Gabriel Ciss, P. A. Dieng, Assane Ndiaye, Moussa Seck Diop, Pape Ousmane Ba, Magaye Gaye, and Mareme Soda Mbaye
Subjects: Aortic valve, Mitral regurgitation, medicine.medical_specialty, Mitral valve repair, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, valvular heart disease, medicine.disease, Surgery, Aortic valve repair, medicine.anatomical_structure, Aortic valve replacement, Mitral valve, Intensive care, cardiovascular system, Medicine, business
Abstract: In Africa, acute rheumatic fever is endemic. Cardiac involvement is one of the most common complications in the form of valvular heart disease representing all damages to the heart valves. It is in this perspective that we realized this study whose general objective was to evaluate the results of mitral repair surgery in children in Senegal and the specific objective was to state the indications for mitral repair surgery and assess the results in terms of morbidity and mortality. This is a retrospective and analytical monocentric study, in the thoracic and cardiovascular surgery department of FANN National University Hospital Center in Dakar. It took place over a period of 30 months. All the patients who underwent mitral surgery, aged less than 18 years were included. The total number of patients was 63, including 39 girls and 24 boys, a sex ratio of 0.62. The average age at the time of the surgery was 12 years old [5 - 17]. The functional symptomatology was dominated by the dyspnea found in all the patients. Cardiac ultrasound was diagnosed with mitral regurgitation in all patients. For all surgical procedures, the approach was a vertical midline sternotomy. The mitral valve was approached by left atriotomy in 40 patients (63.5%) and by transseptal way in 23 patients. All patients had undergone mitral valve repair associated or not with either aortic valve repair in 9 patients (14.2%), aortic valve replacement in 3 patients (4.8%), or one tricuspid valve repair in 31 patients (49%). The average duration of intubation was 6 hours [2 - 52]. The average length of stay in intensive care was 2 days. Postoperative complications have been observed. Surgery was performed in 10 patients with 3 mitral valve replacements, 2 aortic valve replacements, a double mitral and an aortic valve replacement associated with a tricuspid repair and in 4 cases a perfection of their mitral repair. Early and late surgical mortality was zero. The average follow-up time for our patients was 9 months [1 - 26]. During their follow-up, the evolution was favorable in 89% of patients who no longer had any functional symptoms.
Published: 2020
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27. CT Scans and Delays in Diagnosis of Stroke in Senegal’s Regional Hospitals: A Multicenter Study of 655 Cases

Author: Mouhamadou Hamine Toure, Mamadou Ly, Fallou Galass Niang, El Hadj Niang, Ibrahima Faye, Ousmane Cisse, Oumou Dieng, Malick Diouf, N.M. Gaye, Aissata Ly Ba, Cherif Mohamadou Aidara, Hamidou Deme, Léra Géraud Akpo, Abdoulaye Ndoye Diop, Sokhna Ba Diop, Abdoulaye Diop, Aicha Ndichout, Ousmane Sano, Marie Mbengue, and Nfally Badji
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Neurology, business.industry, Adult population, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Multicenter study, Diabetes mellitus, medicine.artery, Middle cerebral artery, medicine, Population study, business, Stroke
Abstract: Stroke represents the 2nd cause of mortality and 1st cause of physical disability in the adult population. In Senegal, it represents 30% of hospitalization and 2/3 of the mortality in the department of neurology in the capital city, Dakar. Objective: To specify the types of stroke and to evaluate diagnostic delays in Senegal’s regional hospitals. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, multicentric study for 4 years (from 2014 to 2017) including any patient presenting a clinical suspicion with a CT scan confirmation of stroke in one of the 9 regional hospitals in Senegal with a recruitment period of 6 months per hospital. CT scans were performed with a 16 slices machine in 6 hospitals, 4 slices in 2 hospitals and 2 slices in 1 hospital. We studied the types and location of strokes, the associated signs and the time from stroke onset to admission and the time from admission to CT scan. Results: 655 patients were retained including 322 men and 333 women for an M/F ratio of 0.96. The average age was 63 years (range: 7 years, 112 years). High blood pressure was noted in 59.2% of patients and diabetes in 10.7% of patients. Strokes were ischemic in 76% of cases involving the middle cerebral artery in 73% of cases and hemorrhagic in 24%, of which 80.7% were deep localized. A mass effect was noted in 7.5% of cases, an engagement in 6.9% of cases and ventricular hemorrhage in 2.7% of cases. The delay between the onset of the deficit and admission was less than 6 hours in 10.6% of patients. The time between the onset of stroke and admission to hospital was specified in 416 patients (63.5%) of the study population, it was less than 6 hours in 10.6% of patients, between 6 hours and 24 hours for 29.3% and more than 24 hours for 60.1%. Between admission and the CT scan, the time was precise in 459 patients (70%), it was less than 6 hours in 37.9%, between 6 hours and 24 hours in 43.6 % and more than 24 hours in 18.5%. Conclusion: CT is central to the diagnosis of stroke in rural areas. However, there is a significant delay in diagnosis and management.
Published: 2020
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28. The African SWIFT project: growing science capability to bring about a revolution in weather prediction

Author: Carlo Cafaro, Steven J. Woolnough, Andrew J. Dougill, Zewdu T. Segele, Kamoru A. Lawal, Hamish Carr, Tamora D. James, Stuart Webster, Andre Kamga Foamouhoue, Sylvester K. Danuor, Andrew Hartley, Benjamin Lamptey, Ousmane Ndiaye, Masilin Gudoshava, Alan M. Blyth, John H. Marsham, Douglas J. Parker, Elijah A. Adefisan, Juliane Schwendike, Lorraine Youds, Leonard K. Amekudzi, Andrea Taylor, Estelle de Coning, Amadou Thierno Gaye, Paolo Ruti, J. B. Omotosho, Joseph Portuphy, Felipe M. de Andrade, Linda Hirons, Alexander J. Roberts, Eniola Olaniyan, Tanya Warnaars, Cheikh Dione, Samantha Clarke, J. N. Mutemi, Philip Antwi-Agyei, Ishiyaku Ibrahim, Thorwald H. M. Stein, Jennifer K. Fletcher, E. C. Okogbue, James Groves, Mariane Diop-Kane, Benard Chanzu, Christopher M. Taylor, Caroline L. Bain, Cheikh Diop, Cathryn E. Birch, Beth J. Woodhams, Helen Coskeran, and Kone Diakaria
Subjects: Swift, Atmospheric Science, Engineering, Nowcasting, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Weather forecasting, Investment (macroeconomics), Numerical weather prediction, computer.software_genre, ComputingMilieux_GENERAL, Engineering management, Earth sciences, Meteorology and Climatology, Economic security, ddc:550, Relevance (information retrieval), Quality (business), business, computer, computer.programming_language, media_common
Abstract: Africa is poised for a revolution in the quality and relevance of weather predictions, with potential for great benefits in terms of human and economic security. This revolution will be driven by recent international progress in nowcasting, numerical weather prediction, theoretical tropical dynamics, and forecast communication, but will depend on suitable scientific investment being made. The commercial sector has recognized this opportunity and new forecast products are being made available to African stakeholders. At this time, it is vital that robust scientific methods are used to develop and evaluate the new generation of forecasts. The Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) African Science for Weather Information and Forecasting Techniques (SWIFT) project represents an international effort to advance scientific solutions across the fields of nowcasting, synoptic and short-range severe weather prediction, subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction, user engagement, and forecast evaluation. This paper describes the opportunities facing African meteorology and the ways in which SWIFT is meeting those opportunities and identifying priority next steps. Delivery and maintenance of weather forecasting systems exploiting these new solutions requires a trained body of scientists with skills in research and training, modeling and operational prediction, and communications and leadership. By supporting partnerships between academia and operational agencies in four African partner countries, the SWIFT project is helping to build capacity and capability in African forecasting science. A highlight of SWIFT is the coordination of three weather forecasting “Testbeds”—the first of their kind in Africa—which have been used to bring new evaluation tools, research insights, user perspectives, and communications pathways into a semioperational forecasting environment.
Published: 2022

29. Infectious Endocarditis with Major Cutaneous Expression: About A Case

Author: Joseph Salvador Mingou, Adama Kane, Ansoumana Conde, Jean Baptiste Mathieu Sy, Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Samb, Khadimu Rassoul Diop, and Beye Sm
Subjects: Tachycardia, medicine.medical_specialty, Mitral regurgitation, Erythema, business.industry, Context (language use), General Medicine, medicine.disease, Rash, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mitral valve, cardiovascular system, medicine, Endocarditis, cardiovascular diseases, medicine.symptom, business, Endocardium
Abstract: Introduction: Infectious endocarditis is a transplant of microorganisms in healthy endocardium, in injured endocardium or intracardiac material. The modes of revelation can be multiple and varied, the skin manifestations of an infectious although classical endocarditis, are rare. Observation: This was a young 20-year-old patient, admitted in our cardiac unit for the exploration of a cardiac murmur in a context of long-term fever evolving for nearly 3 weeks associated with a skin rash. The examination found fever at 39°C and tachycardia at 115 beats/min. The cardiac auscultation revealed tachycardia with a systolic breath apexian mitral insufficiency. The skin examination revealed Osler’s nodules, an erythema of Janeway on the soles of the feet and on the palms of the hands. In biology, there was a non-specific biological inflammatory syndrome. Blood cultures from three series of samples did not isolate a germ. The transthoracic echography showed large vegetations in the anterior and posterior leaflets of mitral valve associated with severe mitral regurgitation. In this context, the diagnosis of mitral endocarditis is retained according to the Duke criteria. A double intravenous antibiotic therapy based on ceftriaxone and gentamycin was administrated. The evolution was favorable with stable apyrexia, disappearance of skin signs, regression of non-specific biological inflammatory syndrome. A replacement surgery of mitral valve was proposed. Conclusion: Infectious endocarditis is a disease with multiple and varied modes of revelation. Although skin manifestations are rare, they are still a determining factor in the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis.
Published: 2021
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30. Drivers of the experience value of mobile money transfer service: Senegaleseuser perspectives

Author: Ndeye Astou Manel Fall, Fatou Diop-Sall, Ingrid Poncin, and UCL - SSH/LouRIM - Louvain Research Institute in Management and Organizations
Subjects: Self-service technology, Marketing, Service (business), Value (ethics), Computer science, business.industry, Customer experience, Social pressure, Context (language use), Customer relationship management, Affect (psychology), Senegal, Social relation, Mobile money transfer, Customer service, Experience value, Customer value, Africa, Mobile payment, Technology and service, Behavioral intention, business
Abstract: Purpose Digital service innovations have enabled service market access, transforming Africa. This paper aims to investigate individual and contextual drivers of experience value of mobile money transfer (MMT) service during post-adoption given impacts of individual/cultural characteristics in Senegal. Design/methodology/approach Mixed methods. Study 1 qualitatively investigates the effects of individual-contextual drivers on the experience value of MMT and behavioral intentions. Study 2 quantitatively tests the main causal effects between drivers and MMT. Findings Conceptual models of experience value including ethical and social dimensions proposed in MMT are positively related to behavioral intentions. Need for social interaction (NSI), self-efficacy (SEFF) and social pressure (SP) – sources of experience value creation/destruction – must be integrated into business practices. Results show the indirect positive influence of NSI on behavioral intentions through MMTs experience value. Moreover, traditional cultural orientation (TCO) is a source of value creation/destruction. Managers should build ethical relations with users, integrate social functions in MMT and understand users’ cultural and individual characteristics for better customer relationship management policy. Originality/value Few studies examine how MMT experience creates/destroys value in a Sub-Saharan African context, specifically in Senegal. The authors show that SP might destroy value and reveal how individual variables such as SEFF, NSI and TCO affect experience value creation/destruction. Surprisingly, NSI creates value, revealing MMT as hybrid self-service technology.
Published: 2021
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31. Radiological status of endodontically treated teeth in senegalese subpopulation: Cone-beam computed tomography study

Author: Diop El hadji Ciré, Niang Seydina Ousmane, Sarr Mouhamed, Ndiaye Mamadou Lamine, and Diene Mor Nguirane
Subjects: Cone beam computed tomography, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Root canal, Radiodensity, Radiography, Dentistry, Endodontics, Apex (geometry), medicine.anatomical_structure, Radiological weapon, medicine, sense organs, Tomography, business
Abstract: Introduction: This study aimed to assess the periapical status and the quality of root canal filling of endodontically treated teeth from cone-beam volume tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: Of 66 teeth (124 root canals) that received root canal treatment, the quality of the root canal filling as well as the periapical status were assessed using cone-beam volume tomography (CBCT). Radicular obturation on an X-ray image was defined as satisfactory if it is 0-2 mm from the radiographic apex without voids. On CBCT scans, the apical end of the canal has replaced the radiographic apex. Results: The present study showed, according to the periapical status, 87.9% (n = 109) of the canals exhibited a periapical lesion. The 1, 2, and D scores of the CBCT PAI were more met with respectively 46, 19.4%, and 8.9%. The association between the lengh of root canal filling and the presence of apical radiolucency showed a significant relationship (p = 0.02). The presence of apical radiolucency is also very significantly associated with the inadequate density of root canal fillings (p = 00003). Conclusion: The present study confirms, by CBCT, that the presence of periapical lesions was associated with poor quality obturation technique. Keywords: Cone-beam Computed Tomography, Root canal filling, Periapical radiography, Endodontics
Published: 2021
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32. Giant Lipoma Infiltrating the Thigh with Vascular Distress: A Case Report

Author: René Ndiaye, Cheikh Coundoul, Abdoulaye Lindor Diop, Yves Girineza Ndabereye, Coumba Diouf Niang, Papa Amadou Ba, and Madior Diouf
Subjects: Distress, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.anatomical_structure, business.industry, medicine, General Medicine, Radiology, Lipoma, Thigh, medicine.disease, business
Published: 2021
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33. The change in estimate method for selecting confounders: A simulation study

Author: Awa Diop, Mathilde Lavigne-Robichaud, Chantal Brisson, and Denis Talbot
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, epidemiologic methods, Feature selection, 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bias, Health Information Management, Statistical significance, Statistics, Medicine, Confounding, Computer Simulation, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0101 mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, modeling, Articles, Research Design, business, variable selection
Abstract: Background The change in estimate is a popular approach for selecting confounders in epidemiology. It is recommended in epidemiologic textbooks and articles over significance test of coefficients, but concerns have been raised concerning its validity. Few simulation studies have been conducted to investigate its performance. Methods An extensive simulation study was realized to compare different implementations of the change in estimate method. The implementations were also compared when estimating the association of body mass index with diastolic blood pressure in the PROspective Québec Study on Work and Health. Results All methods were susceptible to introduce important bias and to produce confidence intervals that included the true effect much less often than expected in at least some scenarios. Overall mixed results were obtained regarding the accuracy of estimators, as measured by the mean squared error. No implementation adequately differentiated confounders from non-confounders. In the real data analysis, none of the implementation decreased the estimated standard error. Conclusion Based on these results, it is questionable whether change in estimate methods are beneficial in general, considering their low ability to improve the precision of estimates without introducing bias and inability to yield valid confidence intervals or to identify true confounders.
Published: 2021
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34. Analyse des coûts par type d’intervention chirurgicale au Centre de Chirurgie Cardio Pédiatrique du CHU de Fann

Author: Cheikh Tacko Diop
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Average duration, Valve replacement, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, General surgery, Pediatric surgery, Cost analysis, Medicine, University hospital, business, Medical costs, Average cost
Abstract: Introduction : Un centre spécialisé dédié à la chirurgie cardio-pédiatrique a vu le jour au sein du CHU de Fann en 2018 pour améliorer la prise en charge des enfants atteints de cardiopathies du Sénégal et de la sous-région. Une analyse des coûts des interventions a été réalisée. L’objectif de l’étude était de déterminer le coût par type d’intervention et proposer un tarif forfaitaire accessible aux patients. Méthodologie : Des données quantitatives et qualitatives relatives aux interventions menées dans le centre ont été collectées de manière rétrospective pour estimer le coût de chacune d’elle. Il s’agissait des actes réalisés, des consommables, médicaments, ressources humaines requises, la durée moyenne des interventions…. L’analyse des données a été réalisée avec le logiciel Sphynx. Pour chaque type d’intervention les coûts médicaux directs et indirects ont été estimés. Le coût Moyen estimé a été par la suite comparé au tarif forfaitaire initialement appliqué avant cette étude Résultats : Selon le type d’intervention, le coût variait entre 1.777.343 FCFA ( 2.709 €) pour une intervention à cœur fermé sans implant et 4.700.121 FCFA ( 7.164 €) pour les interventions avec deux prothèses biologiques et un anneau. Le forfait initialement fixé à 3.500.000 FCFA ( 5.335 €) permettrait d’équilibrer les comptes du Centre de Chirurgie Cardio Pédiatrique CUOMO (CCPC). Conclusion : Cette étude a permis d’estimer le coût de chaque intervention chirurgicale menée au Centre de Chirurgie Pédiatrique CUOMO (CCPC). Les coûts de remplacement de valve sont supérieurs au tarif forfaitaire appliqué. Une subvention, de la part des partenaires ou de l’État, est donc nécessaire pour maintenir le forfait au même niveau. Mots clés : coûts, chirurgie cardio-pédiatrique, Sénégal.
Published: 2021
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35. Tuning and Exploitation of the Surface Plasmon Resonance on Gold/Cadmium Sulfide Nanoshell for Performanance Enhancement in Photocatalytic

Author: A. Dioum, M. Thiam, A. Talla, A. Sambou, and D. Diop
Subjects: Materials science, Nanocomposite, business.industry, General Engineering, Nanoparticle, Nanoshell, Cadmium sulfide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Semiconductor, chemistry, Photocatalysis, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Optoelectronics, Surface plasmon resonance, business, Plasmon, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Core-shell nanoparticles based on Au or Ag nanoshell core and cadmium sulfide semiconductor shell with differents size have been simulated using Mie and Drude approach. The results show that gold nanosphere coated by cadmium sulphide results has a maximum wavelength at 530 nm. This plasmon peak correspond to a ratio equal of 1.66. The optimised nanoshell allow light absorption in the visible region before cadmium sulfide coating. Thus, theses materials Au/CdS especially are good candidates for the design of functional nanocomposites used for photocatalytic application due mainly to its good light transparency.
Published: 2021
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36. Myocarditis Secondary to COVID 19 Infection: A Case-Report

Author: Diop Ibrahima Bara, Ismael Ibouroi Moina-Hanifa, Gueye Khadidiatou, Dioum Momar, S. Y. Sidy Lamine, Seye Modou, Gaye Cheikh, and B. A. Amadou Baro
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Myocarditis, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, business, Ventricular tachycardia
Abstract: Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is an emerging viral infection caused by the strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, primarily affecting the respiratory system. However, it can be responsible for heart damage. The aim of this work was to report a case of symptomatic myocarditis in a 53-year-old patient. Patient and Observation: We report the case of a 53-year-old patient with no particular history or cardiovascular risk factor found who had consulted in June 2020 in a hospital for dyspnea, dizziness and palpitations in whom the electrocardiogram had demonstrated ventricular tachycardia. The echocardiography was normal and coronary artery disease was ruled out on coronary angiography and antiarrhythmic treatment allowed it to regress. Two months later, after a break in therapy, this tachycardia recurred despite several electrical and chemical cardioversions. Subsequently, myocarditis was suspected. This motivated the realization of a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which came back in favor of myocarditis. As part of the etiological research, RT-PCR and COVID 19 serology were requested and the serology returned positive for IgG. Conclusion: COVID 19 disease is known for its respiratory manifestations. However, several cases of cardiac involvement, in particular myocardial damage, have been described and among these, a considerable proportion of arrhythmias. They can be multifactorial in origin, due to the virus itself, or the prolongation of the QT interval from various drug therapies. These arrhythmias are the source of sudden death, hence the interest of RT-PCR and COVID 19 serology, but also the need for early and appropriate management, as well as long-term monitoring of patients. cured patients.
Published: 2021
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37. Measuring fuel consumption in vehicle routing: new estimation models using supervised learning

Author: Hamza Heni, Leandro C. Coelho, Serigne Arona Diop, and Jacques Renaud
Subjects: Estimation, 050210 logistics & transportation, 021103 operations research, business.industry, Computer science, Strategy and Management, 05 social sciences, Supervised learning, Monte Carlo method, Real-time computing, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Management Science and Operations Research, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, 13. Climate action, Analytics, 0502 economics and business, Vehicle routing problem, Fuel efficiency, In vehicle, Physics::Chemical Physics, Routing (electronic design automation), business, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract: In this paper, we propose and assess the accuracy of new fuel consumption estimation models for vehicle routing. Based on real-world data consisting of instantaneous fuel consumption, time-varying ...
Published: 2021
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38. Factors associated with oral cavity cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Summary of the literature

Author: MM Ndiaye, M Diouf, AD Faye, G Diop, A Dieng, and A Bouazé
Subjects: Sub saharan, business.industry, Environmental health, Medicine, business, Oral cavity
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Oral cavity cancers are now a public health problem according to WHO epidemiological data. There are several risk factors or factors associated with cancers of the oral cavity but they vary according to geographic regions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with cancers of the oral cavity in Sub-Saharan African populations through a systematic literature review. METHODOLOGY: Using the data available for the period from January 1980 to December 2019, a synthesis of the literature was carried out. The literature localization strategy included an electronic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases from 1980 to 2019 and a manual search of the list of references of articles identified by snowballing. The data were extracted independently by two researchers on an Excel© spreadsheet. Parameters collected from each study were author, country, type of study, period of study, size, age, gender, and factors studied. RESULTS: Out of 1,318 articles found, 24 were selected. The data contained 17,290 patients including 8,229 men, i.e. a male / female sex-ratio of 0.91. Factors studied were tobacco, alcohol, diet, infection, genetics and social factors. CONCLUSION: The results reported showed that several factors are associated with the occurrence of oral cavity cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a need to conduct further studies with more structured methodologies for more convincing results.
Published: 2021
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39. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1

Author: Klionsky, Daniel, Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal, Abdelfatah, Sara, Abdellatif, Mahmoud, Abdoli, Asghar, Abel, Steffen, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abildgaard, Marie, Abudu, Yakubu Princely, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adamopoulos, Iannis, Adeli, Khosrow, Adolph, Timon, Adornetto, Annagrazia, Aflaki, Elma, Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Anupam, Aggarwal, Bharat, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Agrewala, Javed, Agrotis, Alexander, Aguilar, Patricia, Ahmad, S Tariq, Ahmed, Zubair, Ahumada-Castro, Ulises, Aits, Sonja, Aizawa, Shu, Akkoc, Yunus, Akoumianaki, Tonia, Akpinar, Hafize Aysin, Al-Abd, Ahmed, Al-Akra, Lina, Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer, Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay, Alberti, Simon, Alcocer-Gómez, Elísabet, Alessandri, Cristiano, Ali, Muhammad, Alim Al-Bari, M Abdul, Aliwaini, Saeb, Alizadeh, Javad, Almacellas, Eugènia, Almasan, Alexandru, Alonso, Alicia, Alonso, Guillermo, Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario, Álvarez, Élida, Alves, Sara, Alves Da Costa, Cristine, Alzaharna, Mazen, Amadio, Marialaura, Amantini, Consuelo, Amaral, Cristina, Ambrosio, Susanna, Amer, Amal, Ammanathan, Veena, An, Zhenyi, Andersen, Stig, Andrabi, Shaida, Andrade-Silva, Magaiver, Andres, Allen, Angelini, Sabrina, Ann, David, Anozie, Uche, Ansari, Mohammad, Antas, Pedro, Antebi, Adam, Antón, Zuriñe, Anwar, Tahira, Apetoh, Lionel, Apostolova, Nadezda, Araki, Toshiyuki, Araki, Yasuhiro, Arasaki, Kohei, Araújo, Wagner, Araya, Jun, Arden, Catherine, Arévalo, Maria-Angeles, Arguelles, Sandro, Arias, Esperanza, Arikkath, Jyothi, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen, Armstrong-James, Darius, Arnauné-Pelloquin, Laetitia, Aroca, Angeles, Arroyo, Daniela, Arsov, Ivica, Artero, Rubén, Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia, Aschner, Michael, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Ashur-Fabian, Osnat, Atanasov, Atanas, Au, Alicia, Auberger, Patrick, Auner, Holger, Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Ávalos, Yenniffer, Aveic, Sanja, Aveleira, Célia Alexandra, Avin-Wittenberg, Tamar, Aydin, Yucel, Ayton, Scott, Ayyadevara, Srinivas, Azzopardi, Maria, Baba, Misuzu, Backer, Jonathan, Backues, Steven, Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric, Baek, Ahruem, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baek, Sung Hee, Bagetta, Giacinto, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xiyuan, Bai, Yidong, Bairagi, Nandadulal, Baksi, Shounak, Balbi, Teresa, Baldari, Cosima, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Ballester, Maria, Balazadeh, Salma, Balzan, Rena, Bandopadhyay, Rina, Banerjee, Sreeparna, Banerjee, Sulagna, Bánréti, Ágnes, Bao, Yan, Baptista, Mauricio, Baracca, Alessandra, Barbati, Cristiana, Bargiela, Ariadna, Barilà, Daniela, Barlow, Peter, Barmada, Sami, Barreiro, Esther, Barreto, George, Bartek, Jiri, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolome, Alberto, Barve, Gaurav, Basagoudanavar, Suresh, Bassham, Diane, Bast, Robert, Basu, Alakananda, Batoko, Henri, Batten, Isabella, Baulieu, Etienne, Baumgarner, Bradley, Bayry, Jagadeesh, Beale, Rupert, Beau, Isabelle, Beaumatin, Florian, Bechara, Luiz, Beck, George, Beers, Michael, Begun, Jakob, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg, Bei, Roberto, Bejarano, Eloy, Bel, Shai, Behl, Christian, Belaid, Amine, Belgareh-Touzé, Naïma, Bellarosa, Cristina, Belleudi, Francesca, Belló Pérez, Melissa, Bello-Morales, Raquel, Beltran, Jackeline Soares de Oliveira, Beltran, Sebastián, Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina, Bendorius, Mykolas, Benitez, Bruno, Benito-Cuesta, Irene, Bensalem, Julien, Berchtold, Martin, Berezowska, Sabina, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Bergmann, Andreas, Berliocchi, Laura, Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse, Bernard, Amélie, Berthoux, Lionel, Besirli, Cagri, Besteiro, Sebastien, Betin, Virginie, Beyaert, Rudi, Bezbradica, Jelena, Bhaskar, Kiran, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bhattacharya, Resham, Bhattacharya, Sujoy, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin, Bhutia, Sujit Kumar, Bi, Lanrong, Bi, Xiaolin, Biden, Trevor, Bijian, Krikor, Billes, Viktor, Binart, Nadine, Bincoletto, Claudia, Birgisdottir, Asa, Bjorkoy, Geir, Blanco, Gonzalo, Blas-Garcia, Ana, Blasiak, Janusz, Blomgran, Robert, Blomgren, Klas, Blum, Janice, Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boban, Mirta, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, Boeuf, Philippe, Boland, Barry, Bomont, Pascale, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy, Bonfili, Laura, Bonifacino, Juan, Boone, Brian, Bootman, Martin, Bordi, Matteo, Borner, Christoph, Bornhauser, Beat, Borthakur, Gautam, Bosch, Jürgen, Bose, Santanu, botana, luis, Botas, Juan, Boulanger, Chantal, Boulton, Michael, Bourdenx, Mathieu, Bourgeois, Benjamin, Bourke, Nollaig, Bousquet, Guilhem, Boya, Patricia, Bozhkov, Peter, Bozi, Luiz, Bozkurt, Tolga, Brackney, Doug, Brandts, Christian, Braun, Ralf, Braus, Gerhard, Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Bravo-San Pedro, José, Brest, Patrick, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Briones-Herrera, Alfredo, Broaddus, V Courtney, Brodersen, Peter, Brodsky, Jeffrey, Brody, Steven, Bronson, Paola, Bronstein, Jeff, Brown, Carolyn, Brown, Rhoderick, Brum, Patricia, Brumell, John, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bruno, Daniele, Bryson-Richardson, Robert, Bucci, Cecilia, Buchrieser, Carmen, Bueno, Marta, Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa, Buraschi, Simone, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, J Ross, Buckingham, Erin, Budak, Hikmet, Budini, Mauricio, Bultynck, Geert, Burada, Florin, Burgoyne, Joseph, Burón, M Isabel, Bustos, Victor, Büttner, Sabrina, Butturini, Elena, Byrd, Aaron, Cabas, Isabel, Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra, Cadwell, Ken, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Lu, Cai, Qian, Cairó, Montserrat, Calbet, Jose, Caldwell, Guy, Caldwell, Kim, Call, Jarrod, Calvani, Riccardo, Calvo, Ana, Calvo-Rubio Barrera, Miguel, Camara, Niels OS, Camonis, Jacques, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Edward, Campbell-Valois, François-Xavier, Campello, Silvia, Campesi, Ilaria, Campos, Juliane, Camuzard, Olivier, Cancino, Jorge, Candido de Almeida, Danilo, Canesi, Laura, Caniggia, Isabella, Canonico, Barbara, Cantí, Carles, Cao, Bin, Caraglia, Michele, Caramés, Beatriz, Carchman, Evie, Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena, Cardenas, Cesar, Cardenas, Luis, Cardoso, Sandra, Carew, Jennifer, Carle, Georges, Carleton, Gillian, Carloni, Silvia, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia, Carnevali, Oliana, Carosi, Julian, Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carrier, Lucie, Carroll, Bernadette, Carter, A Brent, Carvalho, Andreia Neves, Casanova, Magali, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassioli, Chiara, Castillo, Eliseo, Castillo, Karen, Castillo-Lluva, Sonia, Castoldi, Francesca, Castori, Marco, Castro, Ariel, Castro-Caldas, Margarida, Castro-Hernandez, Javier, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Catz, Sergio, Cavadas, Claudia, Cavaliere, Federica, Cavallini, Gabriella, Cavinato, Maria, Cayuela, Maria, Cebollada Rica, Paula, Cecarini, Valentina, Cecconi, Francesco, Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna, Cenci, Simone, Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Victòria, Cerqueira, João, Cerutti, Janete, Cervia, Davide, Cetintas, Vildan Bozok, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chakrabarti, Oishee, Chakraborty, Tapas, Chakraborty, Trinad, Chami, mounia, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, David, Chan, Edmond, Chan, Edward, Chan, H.Y. Edwin, Chan, Helen, Chan, Hung, Chan, Matthew, Chan, Yau Sang, Chandra, Partha, Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Chunmei, Chang, Hao-Chun, Chang, Kai, Chao, Jie, Chapman, Tracey, Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas, Chatterjee, Samrat, Chaube, Shail, Chaudhary, Anu, Chauhan, Santosh, Chaum, Edward, Checler, Frédéric, Cheetham, Michael, Chen, Chang-Shi, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Jian-Fu, Chen, Liam, Chen, Leilei, Chen, Lin, Chen, Mingliang, Chen, Mu-Kuan, Chen, Ning, Chen, Quan, Chen, Ruey-Hwa, Chen, Shi, Chen, Wei, Chen, Weiqiang, Chen, Xin-Ming, Chen, Xiong-Wen, Chen, Xu, Chen, Yan, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Zhefan Stephen, Chen, Zhi, Chen, Zhi-Hua, Chen, Zhijian, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Hanhua, Cheng, Jun, Cheng, Shi-Yuan, Cheng, Wei, Cheng, Xiaodong, Cheng, Xiu-Tang, Cheng, Yiyun, Cheng, Zhiyong, Chen, Zhong, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jit Kong, Chernyak, Boris, Cherry, Sara, Cheung, Chi Fai Randy, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Cheung, King-Ho, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Richard, Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing, Chiaradonna, Ferdinando, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chica, Nathalia, Chiocca, Susanna, Chiong, Mario, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chiramel, Abhilash, Chiurchiù, Valerio, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choe, Seong-Kyu, Choi, Augustine, Choi, Mary, Choudhury, Kamalika Roy, Chow, Norman, Chu, Charleen, Chua, Jason, Chua, John Jia En, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Kin Pan, Chung, Seockhoon, Chung, So-Hyang, Chung, Yuen-Li, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciechomska, Iwona, Cifuentes, Mariana, Cinque, Laura, Cirak, Sebahattin, Cirone, Mara, Clague, Michael, Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Coccia, Eliana, Codogno, Patrice, Cohen, Ehud, Cohen, Mickael, Colasanti, Tania, Colasuonno, Fiorella, Colbert, Robert, Colell, Anna, Čolić, Miodrag, Coll, Nuria, Collins, Mark, Colombo, María, Colón-Ramos, Daniel, Combaret, Lydie, Comincini, Sergio, Cominetti, Márcia, Consiglio, Antonella, Conte, Andrea, Conti, Fabrizio, Contu, Viorica Raluca, Cookson, Mark, Coombs, Kevin, Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corkery, Dale, Cordes, Nils, Cortese, Katia, Costa, Maria do Carmo, Costantino, Sarah, Costelli, Paola, Coto-Montes, Ana, Crack, Peter, Crespo, Jose, Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cristofani, Riccardo, Csizmadia, Tamas, Cuadrado, Antonio, Cui, Bing, Cui, Jun, Cui, Yixian, Cui, Yong, Culetto, Emmanuel, Cumino, Andrea, Cybulsky, Andrey, Czaja, Mark, Czuczwar, Stanislaw, D'Adamo, Stefania, D'Amelio, Marcello, D'Arcangelo, Daniela, D'Lugos, Andrew, D'Orazi, Gabriella, da Silva, James, Dafsari, Hormos Salimi, Dagda, Ruben, Dagdas, Yasin, Daglia, Maria, Dai, Xiaoxia, Dai, Yun, Dai, Yuyuan, Dal Col, Jessica, Dalhaimer, Paul, Dalla Valle, Luisa, Dallenga, Tobias, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Damme, Markus, Dando, Ilaria, Dantuma, Nico, Darling, April, Das, Hiranmoy, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasari, Santosh, Dash, Srikanta, Daumke, Oliver, Dauphinee, Adrian, Davies, Jeffrey, Dávila, Valeria, Davis, Roger, Davis, Tanja, Dayalan Naidu, Sharadha, De Amicis, Francesca, De Bosscher, Karolien, De Felice, Francesca, De Franceschi, Lucia, De Leonibus, Chiara, de Mattos Barbosa, Mayara, De Meyer, Guido, De Milito, Angelo, De Nunzio, Cosimo, De Palma, Clara, De Santi, Mauro, De Virgilio, Claudio, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, DeBosch, Brian, Decuypere, Jean-Paul, Deehan, Mark, Deflorian, Gianluca, DeGregori, James, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Rio, Gabriel, Delaney, Joe, Delbridge, Lea, Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Delpino, M Victoria, Demarchi, Francesca, Dembitz, Vilma, Demers, Nicholas, Deng, Hongbin, Deng, Zhiqiang, Dengjel, Joern, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, DePamphilis, Melvin, Der, Channing, Deretic, Vojo, Descoteaux, Albert, Devis, Laura, Devkota, Sushil, Devuyst, Olivier, Dewson, Grant, Dharmasivam, Mahendiran, Dhiman, Rohan, di Bernardo, Diego, Di Cristina, Manlio, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Fazio, Pietro, Di Fonzo, Alessio, Di Guardo, Giovanni, Di Guglielmo, Gianni, Di Leo, Luca, Di Malta, Chiara, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Rienzo, Martina, Di Sano, Federica, Diallinas, George, Diao, Jiajie, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, Dickinson, Jared, Diederich, Marc, Dieudé, Mélanie, Dikic, Ivan, Ding, Shiping, Ding, Wen-Xing, Dini, Luciana, Dinić, Jelena, Dinic, Miroslav, Dinkova-Kostova, Albena, Dionne, Marc, Distler, Jörg, Diwan, Abhinav, Dixon, Ian, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dobrinski, Ina, Dobrovinskaya, Oxana, Dobrowolski, Radek, Dobson, Renwick, Đokić, Jelena, Dokmeci Emre, Serap, Donadelli, Massimo, Dong, Bo, Dong, Xiaonan, Dong, Zhiwu, Dorn Ii, Gerald, Dotsch, Volker, Dou, Huan, Dou, Juan, Dowaidar, Moataz, Dridi, Sami, Drucker, Liat, Du, Ailian, Du, Caigan, Du, Guangwei, Du, Hai-Ning, Du, Li-Lin, du Toit, André, Duan, Shao-Bin, Duan, Xiaoqiong, Duarte, Sónia, Dubrovska, Anna, Dunlop, Elaine, Dupont, Nicolas, Durán, Raúl, Dwarakanath, Bilikere, Dyshlovoy, Sergey, Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, Eckhart, Leopold, Edelstein, Charles, Efferth, Thomas, Eftekharpour, Eftekhar, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eid, Nabil, Eisenberg, Tobias, Eissa, N Tony, Eissa, Sanaa, Ejarque, Miriam, El Andaloussi, Abdeljabar, El-Hage, Nazira, El-Naggar, Shahenda, Eleuteri, Anna Maria, El-Shafey, Eman, Elgendy, Mohamed, Eliopoulos, Aristides, Elizalde, María, Elks, Philip, Elsasser, Hans-Peter, Elsherbiny, Eslam, Emerling, Brooke, Emre, N., Eng, Christina, Engedal, Nikolai, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelsen, Agnete, Enserink, Jorrit, Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola, Fabrias, Gemma, Fabrizi, Cinzia, Facchiano, Antonio, Facchiano, Francesco, Fadeel, Bengt, Fader, Claudio, Faesen, Alex, Fairlie, W Douglas, Falcó, Alberto, Falkenburger, Bjorn, Fan, Daping, Fan, Jie, Fan, Yanbo, Fang, Evandro, Fang, Yanshan, Fang, Yognqi, Fanto, Manolis, Farfel-Becker, Tamar, Faure, Mathias, Fazeli, Gholamreza, Fedele, Anthony, Feldman, Arthur, Feng, Du, Feng, Jiachun, Feng, Lifeng, Feng, Yibin, Feng, Yuchen, Feng, Wei, Fenz Araujo, Thais, Ferguson, Thomas, Fernández, Álvaro, Fernandez-Checa, Jose, Fernández-Veledo, Sonia, Fernie, Alisdair, Ferrante, Anthony, Ferraresi, Alessandra, Ferrari, Merari, Ferreira, Julio, Ferro-Novick, Susan, Figueras, Antonio, Filadi, Riccardo, Filigheddu, Nicoletta, Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo, Filomeni, Giuseppe, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fineschi, Vittorio, Finetti, Francesca, Finkbeiner, Steven, Fisher, Edward, Fisher, Paul, Flamigni, Flavio, Fliesler, Steven, Flo, Trude, Florance, Ida, Florey, Oliver, Florio, Tullio, Fodor, Erika, Follo, Carlo, Fon, Edward, Forlino, Antonella, Fornai, Francesco, Fortini, Paola, Fracassi, Anna, Fraldi, Alessandro, Franco, Brunella, Franco, Rodrigo, Franconi, Flavia, Frankel, Lisa, Friedman, Scott, Fröhlich, Leopold, Frühbeck, Gema, Fuentes, Jose, Fujiki, Yukio, Fujita, Naonobu, Fujiwara, Yuuki, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Fulda, Simone, Furic, Luc, Furuya, Norihiko, Fusco, Carmela, Gack, Michaela, Gaffke, Lidia, Galadari, Sehamuddin, Galasso, Alessia, Galindo, Maria, Gallolu Kankanamalage, Sachith, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Galy, Vincent, Gammoh, Noor, Gan, Boyi, Ganley, Ian, Gao, Feng, Gao, Hui, Gao, Minghui, Gao, Ping, Gao, Shou-Jiang, Gao, Wentao, Gao, Xiaobo, Garcera, Ana, Garcia, Maria Noé, Garcia, Verónica, García-del Portillo, Francisco, Garcia-Escudero, Vega, Garcia-Garcia, Aracely, Garcia-Macia, Marina, García-Moreno, Diana, Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen, García-Sanz, Patricia, Garg, Abhishek, Gargini, Ricardo, Garofalo, Tina, Garry, Robert, Gassen, Nils, Gatica, Damian, Ge, Liang, Ge, Wanzhong, Geiss-Friedlander, Ruth, Gelfi, Cecilia, Genschik, Pascal, Gentle, Ian, Gerbino, Valeria, Gerhardt, Christoph, Germain, Kyla, Germain, Marc, Gewirtz, David, Ghasemipour Afshar, Elham, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghigo, Alessandra, Ghosh, Manosij, Giamas, Georgios, Giampietri, Claudia, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra, Gibson, Gary, Gibson, Spencer, Ginet, Vanessa, Giniger, Edward, Giorgi, Carlotta, Girao, Henrique, Girardin, Stephen, Giridharan, Mridhula, Giuliano, Sandy, Giulivi, Cecilia, Giuriato, Sylvie, Giustiniani, Julien, Gluschko, Alexander, Goder, Veit, Goginashvili, Alexander, Golab, Jakub, Goldstone, David, Golebiewska, Anna, Gomes, Luciana, Gomez, Rodrigo, Gómez-Sánchez, Rubén, Gomez-Puerto, Maria Catalina, Gomez-Sintes, Raquel, Gong, Qingqiu, Goni, Felix, González-Gallego, Javier, Gonzalez-Hernandez, Tomas, Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa, Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose, González-Rodríguez, Patricia, Goping, Ing Swie, Gorbatyuk, Marina, Gorbunov, Nikolai, Görgülü, Kıvanç, Gorojod, Roxana, Gorski, Sharon, Goruppi, Sandro, Gotor, Cecilia, Gottlieb, Roberta, Gozes, Illana, Gozuacik, Devrim, Graef, Martin, Gräler, Markus, Granatiero, Veronica, Grasso, Daniel, Gray, Joshua, Green, Douglas, Greenhough, Alexander, Gregory, Stephen, Griffin, Edward, Grinstaff, Mark, Gros, Frederic, Grose, Charles, Gross, Angelina, Gruber, Florian, Grumati, Paolo, Grune, Tilman, Gu, Xueyan, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guardia, Carlos, Guda, Kishore, Guerra, Flora, Guerri, Consuelo, Guha, Prasun, Guillén, Carlos, Gujar, Shashi, 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Anna, Hernández, Agustín, Hernandez, Carlos, Hernandez-Diaz, Sergio, Hernandez-Gea, Virginia, Herpin, Amaury, Herreros, Judit, Hervás, Javier, Hesselson, Daniel, Hetz, Claudio, Heussler, Volker, Higuchi, Yujiro, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph, Hlavacek, William, Ho, Emmanuel, Ho, Idy, Ho, Philip Wing-Lok, Ho, Shu-Leong, Ho, Wan Yun, Hobbs, G Aaron, Hochstrasser, Mark, Hoet, Peter, Hofius, Daniel, Hofman, Paul, Höhn, Annika, Holmberg, Carina, Hombrebueno, Jose, Yi-Ren Hong, Chang-Won Hong, Hooper, Lora, Hoppe, Thorsten, Horos, Rastislav, Hoshida, Yujin, Hsin, I-Lun, Hsu, Hsin-Yun, Hu, Bing, Hu, Dong, Hu, Li-Fang, Hu, Ming Chang, Hu, Ronggui, Hu, Wei, Hu, Yu-Chen, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, Hua, Fang, Hua, Jinlian, Hua, Yingqi, Huan, Chongmin, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Chuanshu, Huang, Chuanxin, Huang, Chunling, Huang, Haishan, Huang, Kun, Huang, Michael, Huang, Rui, Huang, Shan, Huang, Tianzhi, Huang, Xing, Huang, Yuxiang Jack, Huber, Tobias, Hubert, Virginie, Hubner, Christian, Hughes, Stephanie, Hughes, William, Humbert, Magali, Hummer, Gerhard, Hurley, James, Hussain, Sabah, Hussain, Salik, Hussey, Patrick, Hutabarat, Martina, Hwang, Hui-Yun, Hwang, Seungmin, Ieni, Antonio, Ikeda, Fumiyo, Imagawa, Yusuke, Imai, Yuzuru, Imbriano, Carol, Imoto, Masaya, Inman, Denise, Inoki, Ken, Iovanna, Juan, Iozzo, Renato, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Irazoqui, Javier, Iribarren, Pablo, Ishaq, Mohd, ISHIKAWA, Makoto, Ishimwe, Nestor, Isidoro, Ciro, Ismail, Nahed, Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh, Itakura, Eisuke, Ito, Daisuke, Ivankovic, Davor, Ivanova, Saška, Iyer, Anand Krishnan V, Izquierdo, José, Izumi, Masanori, Jäättelä, Marja, Jabir, Majid Sakhi, Jackson, William, Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia, Jacomin, Anne-Claire, Jacquin, Elise, Jadiya, Pooja, Jaeschke, Hartmut, Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jakobi, Arjen, Jakobsson, Johan, Janji, Bassam, Jansen-Dürr, Pidder, Jansson, Patric, Jantsch, Jonathan, Januszewski, Sławomir, Jassey, Alagie, Jean, Steve, Jeltsch-David, Hélène, Jendelova, Pavla, Jenny, Andreas, Jensen, Thomas, Jessen, Niels, Jewell, Jenna, Ji, Jing, Jia, Lijun, Jia, Rui, Jiang, Liwen, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Richeng, Jiang, Teng, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiang, Yu, Jimenez-Sanchez, Maria, Jin, Eun-Jung, Jin, Fengyan, Jin, Hongchuan, Jin, Li, Jin, Luqi, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Si, Jo, Eun-Kyeong, Joffre, Carine, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Gail, Johnston, Simon, Jokitalo, Eija, Jolly, Mohit Kumar, Joosten, Leo, Jordan, Joaquin, Joseph, Bertrand, Ju, Dianwen, Ju, Jeong-Sun, Ju, Jingfang, Juárez, Esmeralda, Judith, Delphine, Juhász, Gábor, Jun, Youngsoo, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, Sung-Chul, Jung, Yong Keun, Jungbluth, Heinz, Jungverdorben, Johannes, Just, Steffen, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kaganovich, Daniel, Kahana, Alon, Kain, Renate, Kajimura, Shinjo, Kalamvoki, Maria, Kalia, Manjula, Kalinowski, Danuta, Kaludercic, Nina, Kalvari, Ioanna, Kaminska, Joanna, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy, Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kanasaki, Keizo, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Rui, Kang, Sang Sun, Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan, 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Adi, Kimmelman, Alec, Kimura, Tomonori, King, Matthew, Kinghorn, Kerri, Kinsey, Conan, Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie, Kiselev, Sergey, Kishi, Shuji, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitaoka, Yasushi, Kitazato, Kaio, Kitsis, Richard, Kittler, Josef, Kjaerulff, Ole, Klein, Peter, Klopstock, Thomas, Klucken, Jochen, Knævelsrud, Helene, Knorr, Roland, Ko, Ben, Ko, Fred, Ko, Jiunn-Liang, Kobayashi, Hotaka, Kobayashi, Satoru, Koch, Ina, Koch, Jan, Koenig, Ulrich, Kögel, Donat, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Kohlwein, Sepp, Kocaturk, Nur, Komatsu, Masaaki, König, Jeannette, Kono, Toru, Kopp, Benjamin, Korcsmaros, Tamas, Korkmaz, Gözde, Korolchuk, Viktor, Korsnes, Mónica Suárez, Koskela, Ali, Kota, Janaiah, Kotake, Yaichiro, Kotler, Monica, Kou, Yanjun, Koukourakis, Michael, Koustas, Evangelos, Kovacs, Attila, Kovács, Tibor, Koya, Daisuke, Kozako, Tomohiro, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Krämer, Helmut, Krasnodembskaya, Anna, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Kroemer, Guido, Ktistakis, Nicholas, Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki, Kuenen, Sabine, Kuerschner, Lars, Kukar, Thomas, Kumar, Ajay, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Dhiraj, Kumar, Sharad, Kume, Shinji, Kumsta, Caroline, Kundu, Chanakya, Kundu, Mondira, Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar, Kurgan, Lukasz, Kutateladze, Tatiana, Kutlu, Ozlem, Kwak, SeongAe, Kwon, Ho Jeong, Kwon, Taeg Kyu, Kwon, Yong Tae, Kyrmizi, Irene, La Spada, Albert, Labonté, Patrick, Ladoire, Sylvain, Laface, Ilaria, Lafont, Frank, Lagace, Diane, Lahiri, Vikramjit, Lai, Zhibing, Laird, Angela, Lakkaraju, Aparna, Lamark, Trond, Lan, Sheng-Hui, Landajuela, Ane, Lane, Darius, Lane, Jon, Lang, Charles, Lange, Carsten, Langel, Ülo, Langer, Rupert, Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn, LaRusso, Nicholas, Lastres-Becker, Isabel, Lau, Wilson Chun Yu, Laurie, Gordon, Lavandero, Sergio, Law, Betty Yuen Kwan, Law, Helen Ka-wai, Layfield, Rob, Le, Weidong, Le Stunff, Herve, Leary, Alexandre, Lebrun, Jean-Jacques, Leck, Lionel, Leduc-Gaudet, Jean-Philippe, Lee, Changwook, Lee, Chung-Pei, Lee, Da-Hye, Lee, Edward, Lee, Erinna, Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Heung Kyu, Lee, Jae Man, Lee, Jason, Lee, Jin-A, Lee, Joo-Yong, Lee, Jun Hee, Lee, Michael, Lee, Min Goo, Lee, Min Jae, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Sang Yoon, Lee, Seung-Jae, Lee, Stella, Lee, Sung Bae, Lee, Won Hee, Lee, Ying-Ray, Lee, Yong-ho, Lee, Youngil, Lefebvre, Christophe, Legouis, Renaud, Lei, Yu, Lei, Yuchen, Leikin, Sergey, Leitinger, Gerd, Lemus, Leticia, Leng, Shuilong, Lenoir, Olivia, Lenz, Guido, Lenz, Heinz Josef, Lenzi, Paola, León, Yolanda, Leopoldino, Andréia, Leschczyk, Christoph, Leskelä, Stina, Letellier, Elisabeth, Leung, Chi-Ting, Leung, Po Sing, Leventhal, Jeremy, Levine, Beth, Lewis, Patrick, Ley, Klaus, Li, Bin, Li, Da-Qiang, Li, Jianming, Li, Jing, Li, Jiong, Li, Ke, Li, Liwu, Li, Mei, Li, Min, Li, Ming, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Pin-Lan, Li, Ming-Qing, Li, Qing, Li, Sheng, Li, Tiangang, Li, Wei, Li, Wenming, Li, Xue, Li, Yi-Ping, Li, Yuan, Li, Zhiqiang, Li, Zhiyong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lian, Jiqin, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liang, Weicheng, Liang, Yongheng, Liang, YongTian, Liao, Guanghong, Liao, Lujian, Liao, Mingzhi, Liao, Yung-Feng, Librizzi, Mariangela, Lie, Pearl, Lilly, Mary, Lim, Hyunjung, Lima, Thania, Limana, Federica, Lin, Chao, Lin, Chih-Wen, Lin, Dar-Shong, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Jiandie, Lin, Kurt, Lin, Kwang-Huei, Lin, Liang-Tzung, LIN, Pei-Hui, Lin, Qiong, Lin, Shaofeng, Lin, Su-Ju, Lin, Wenyu, Lin, Xueying, Lin, Yao-Xin, Lin, Yee-Shin, Linden, Rafael, Lindner, Paula, Ling, Shuo-Chien, Lingor, Paul, Linnemann, Amelia, Liou, Yih-Cherng, Lipinski, Marta, Lipovšek, Saška, Lira, Vitor, Lisiak, Natalia, Liton, Paloma, Liu, Chao, Liu, Ching-Hsuan, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Cui Hua, Liu, Fang, Liu, Hao, Liu, Hsiao-Sheng, Liu, Hua-feng, Liu, Huifang, Liu, Jia, Liu, Jing, Liu, Julia, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Longhua, Liu, Meilian, Liu, Qin, Liu, Wei, Liu, Wende, Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xiaodong, Liu, Xingguo, Liu, Xu, Liu, Xuedong, Liu, Yanfen, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yueyang, Liu, Yule, 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Alexandre, Victor, Victor, Vidal, Michel, Vidoni, Chiara, Vieira, Otilia, Vierstra, Richard, Viganó, Sonia, Vihinen, Helena, Vijayan, Vinoy, Vila, Miquel, Vilar, Marçal, Villalba, José, Villalobo, Antonio, Villarejo-Zori, Beatriz, Villarroya, Francesc, Villarroya, Joan, Vincent, Olivier, Vindis, Cecile, Viret, Christophe, Viscomi, Maria Teresa, Visnjic, Dora, Vitale, Ilio, Vocadlo, David, Voitsekhovskaja, Olga, Volonté, Cinzia, Volta, Mattia, Vomero, Marta, Von Haefen, Clarissa, Vooijs, Marc, Voos, Wolfgang, Vucicevic, Ljubica, Wade-Martins, Richard, Waguri, Satoshi, Waite, Kenrick, Wakatsuki, Shuji, Walker, David, Walker, Mark, Walker, Simon, Walter, Jochen, Wandosell, Francisco, Wang, Bo, Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Chen, Wang, Chenran, Wang, Chenwei, Wang, Cun-Yu, Wang, Dong, Wang, Fangyang, Wang, Feng, Wang, Fengming, Wang, Guansong, Wang, Han, Wang, Hao, Wang, Hexiang, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Jianrong, Wang, Jigang, Wang, Jiou, Wang, Jundong, Wang, Kui, Wang, Lianrong, Wang, Liming, Wang, Maggie Haitian, Wang, Meiqing, Wang, Nanbu, Wang, PengWei, Wang, PeiPei, Wang, Ping, Wang, Qing Jun, Wang, Qing, Wang, Qing Kenneth, Wang, Qiong, Wang, Wen-Tao, Wang, Wuyang, Wang, Xinnan, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanchang, Wang, Yanzhuang, Wang, Yen-Yun, Wang, Yihua, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Yu, wang, yuqi, Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zhenyu, Wang, Zhouguang, Warnes, Gary, Warnsmann, Verena, Watada, Hirotaka, Watanabe, Eizo, Watchon, Maxinne, Wawrzyńska, Anna, Weaver, Timothy, Wegrzyn, Grzegorz, Wehman, Ann, Wei, Huafeng, Wei, Lei, Wei, Taotao, Wei, Yongjie, Weiergräber, Oliver, Weihl, Conrad, Weindl, Günther, Weiskirchen, Ralf, Wells, Alan, Wen, Runxia, Wen, Xin, Werner, Antonia, Weykopf, Beatrice, Wheatley, Sally, Whitton, J Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander, Wiktorska, Katarzyna, Wildenberg, Manon, Wileman, Tom, Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Brett, Williams, Robin, Williams, Roger, Williamson, Peter, Wilson, Richard, Winner, Beate, Winsor, Nathaniel, Witkin, Steven, Wodrich, Harald, Woehlbier, Ute, Wollert, Thomas, Wong, Esther, Wong, Jack Ho, Wong, Richard, Wong, Vincent Kam Wai, Wong, W Wei-Lynn, Wu, An-Guo, Wu, Chengbiao, Wu, Jian, Wu, Junfang, Wu, Kenneth, Wu, Min, Wu, Shan-Ying, Wu, Shengzhou, Wu, Shu-Yan, Wu, Shufang, Wu, William, Wu, Xiaohong, Wu, Xiaoqing, Wu, Yao-Wen, Wu, Yihua, Xavier, Ramnik, Xia, Hongguang, Xia, Lixin, Xia, Zhengyuan, Xiang, Ge, Xiang, Jin, Xiang, Mingliang, Xiang, Wei, Xiao, Bin, Xiao, Guozhi, Xiao, Hengyi, Xiao, Hong-tao, Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Lan, Xiao, Shi, Xiao, Yin, Xie, Baoming, Xie, Chuan-Ming, Xie, Min, Xie, Yuxiang, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria, Xu, Congfeng, Xu, En, Xu, Haoxing, Xu, Jing, Xu, Jinrong, Xu, Liang, Xu, Wen Wen, Xu, Xiulong, Xue, Yu, Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna, Yamaguchi, Masamitsu, Yamaguchi, Osamu, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yan, Shengmin, Yan, Shian-Jang, Yan, Zhen, Yanagi, Yasuo, Yang, Chuanbin, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Huan, Yang, Huang-Tian, Yang, Hui, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Jing, Yang, Jingyu, Yang, Ling, Yang, Liu, Yang, Ming, Yang, Pei-Ming, Yang, Qian, Yang, Seungwon, Yang, Shu, Yang, Shun-Fa, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Xiaoyong, Yang, Xuesong, Yang, Yi, Yang, Ying, Yao, Honghong, Yao, Shenggen, Yao, Xiaoqiang, Yao, Yong-Gang, Yao, Yong-Ming, Yasui, Takahiro, Yazdankhah, Meysam, Yen, Paul, Yi, Cong, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yin, Yanhai, Yin, Zhangyuan, Yin, Ziyi, Ying, Meidan, Ying, Zheng, Yip, Calvin, Yiu, Stephanie Pei Tung, Yoo, Young, Yoshida, Kiyotsugu, Yoshii, Saori, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yousefi, Bahman, Yu, Boxuan, Yu, Haiyang, Yu, Jun, Yu, Li, Yu, Ming-Lung, Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Victor, Yu, W Haung, Yu, Zhengping, Yu, Zhou, Yuan, Junying, Yuan, Ling-Qing, Yuan, Shilin, Yuan, Shyng-Shiou, Yuan, Yanggang, Yuan, Zengqiang, Yue, Jianbo, Yue, Zhenyu, Yun, Jeanho, Yung, Raymond, Zacks, David, Zaffagnini, Gabriele, Zambelli, Vanessa, Zanella, Isabella, Zang, Qun, Zanivan, Sara, Zappavigna, Silvia, Zaragoza, Pilar, Zarbalis, Konstantinos, Zarebkohan, Amir, Zarrouk, Amira, Zeitlin, Scott, Zeng, Jialiu, Zeng, Ju-deng, Žerovnik, Eva, Zhan, Lixuan, Zhang, Bin, Zhang, Donna, Zhang, Hanlin, Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Honghe, Zhang, Huafeng, Zhang, Huaye, Zhang, Hui, Zhang, Hui-Ling, Zhang, Jianbin, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Kalin, Zhang, Leshuai, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Lisheng, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, Luoying, Zhang, Menghuan, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Sheng, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xiao-Wei, Zhang, Xiaolei, Zhang, Xiaoyan, Zhang, Xin, Zhang, Xinxin, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yanjin, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Ying-Dong, Zhang, Yingmei, Zhang, Yuan-Yuan, Zhang, Yuchen, Zhang, Zhe, Zhang, Zhengguang, Zhang, Zhibing, Zhang, Zhihai, Zhang, Zhiyong, Zhang, Zili, Zhao, Haobin, Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Shuang, Zhao, Tongbiao, Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Yongchao, Zhao, Yongliang, Zhao, Yuting, Zheng, Guoping, Zheng, Kai, Zheng, Ling, Zheng, Shizhong, Zheng, Xi-Long, Zheng, Yi, Zheng, Zu-Guo, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Ao, Zhou, Ben, Zhou, Cefan, ZHOU, Gang, Zhou, Hao, Zhou, Hong, Zhou, Hongbo, Zhou, Jie, Zhou, Jing, Zhou, Jiyong, Zhou, Kailiang, Zhou, Rongjia, Zhou, Xu-jie, Zhou, Yanshuang, Zhou, Yinghong, Zhou, Yubin, Zhou, Zheng-Yu, Zhou, Zhou, Zhu, Binglin, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Guo-Qing, Zhu, Haining, Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Hua, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Yanping, Zhu, Yushan, Zhuang, Haixia, Zhuang, Xiaohong, Zientara-Rytter, Katarzyna, Zimmermann, Christine, Ziviani, Elena, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorov, Dmitry, Zorzano, Antonio, Zou, Weiping, Zou, Zhen, Zou, Zhengzhi, Zuryn, Steven, Zwerschke, Werner, Brand-Saberi, Beate, Dong, X Charlie, Kenchappa, Chandra Shekar, Li, Zuguo, Lin, Yong, Oshima, Shigeru, Rong, Yueguang, Sluimer, Judith, Stallings, Christina, Tong, Chun-Kit, Ahmad, S. Tariq, Alim Al-Bari, M. Abdul, Bechara, Luiz R.G., Behrens, Georg M.N., Bhuiyan, Md. Shenuarin, Broaddus, V. Courtney, Buchan, J. Ross, Burón, M. Isabel, Carter, A. Brent, Chan, Matthew T.V., Choi, Augustine M.K., D’Adamo, Stefania, D’Amelio, Marcello, D’Arcangelo, Daniela, D’Lugos, Andrew, D’Orazi, Gabriella, De Meyer, Guido R.Y., Delpino, M. Victoria, Distler, Jörg H.W., Dixon, Ian M.C., Dobson, Renwick C.J., 2nd Dorn, Gerald, Eissa, N. Tony, Engelsen, Agnete S.T., Fairlie, W. Douglas, Ferreira, Julio C.B., H.B., Ranjitha, Hanson, Phyllis I., Hejtmancik, J. Fielding, Ho, Idy H.T., Hobbs, G. Aaron, Hoet, Peter H.M., Huang, Michael L.H., Iyer, Anand Krishnan V., Johnson, Gail V.W., Joosten, Leo A.B., Karim, Md. Razaul, Kaufmann, Stefan H.E., Ko, Ben C.B., Leck, Lionel Y.W., Lima, Thania R.R., Livingston, J. Andrew, Martin, Alexandre P.J., Montes, L. Ruth, Murphy, J. Patrick, Ng, Charlene C.W., Nicolao, M. Celeste, O’Donovan, Tracey, O’Leary, Seónadh, O’Rourke, Eyleen, O’Sullivan, Mary, O’Sullivan, Timothy, Omary, M. Bishr, Pereira, Gustavo J.S., Ratnayaka, J. Arjuna, Riazuddin, S. Amer, Rouschop, Kasper M.A., Sanderson, J. Thomas, Scaglione, K. Matthew, Schapira, Anthony H.V., Scovassi, A. Ivana, St. Clair, Daret, Sunahara, Karen K.S., Symons, J. David, Triola, Gemma, van Wijk, Sjoerd J.L., Vanrell, M. Cristina, Vasconcelos, M. Helena, Whitton, J. Lindsay, Williams, Robin S.B., Wong, W. Wei-Lynn, Wu, William K.K., Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna M.S., Yu, W. Haung, Zhang, Kalin Y.B., Dong, X. Charlie, Ain Shams University [ASU], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University [JGU], Medical University Graz, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers [CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)], Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry [IPB], The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire [IPMC], Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] [LNC], Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire [C3M], Institut de Biologie Valrose [IBV], Petites Molécules de neuroprotection, neurorégénération et remyélinisation, Signalisation Hormonale, Physiopathologie Endocrinienne et Métabolique, Institut Cochin [IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)], Institut NeuroMyoGène [INMG], Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire [PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)], Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situation de stress [MASCOT (UMR_S_942 / U942)], Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement [IRCAN], Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille [CRCM], Centre for Integrative Biology - CBI [Inserm U964 - CNRS UMR7104 - IGBMC], Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling [OSS], Institut Necker Enfants-Malades [INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)], Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule [I2BC], Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte [M2iSH], Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse [CRCT], Physiopathologie et traitement des maladies du foie, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 [CIIL], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [IGBMC], Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] [BIO-PEROXIL], Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation [CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)], Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers [U830], Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences [LOB], Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires [UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC], Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine [DC2N], Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier [IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM], Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy [CIML], Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques [PhIND], Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée [LBFA], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) [Imagine - U1163], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale [IMRB], Franco-czech Laboratory for clinical research on obesity, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre for Integrative Biology - CBI (Inserm U964 - CNRS UMR7104 - IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institute of genetics and molecular and cellular biology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling (COSS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] (BIO-PEROXIL), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques (PhIND), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epithelial biology and disease - Liliane Bettencourt Chair of Developmental Biology (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Biomécanique cellulaire et respiratoire (BCR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charles University [Prague]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM131919]., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situation de stress (MASCOT (UMR_S_942 / U942)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Plateforme (PF I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [Suzhou, Chine] (CAMS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Department of Women's and Children's Health [Stockholm, Sweden], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École polytechnique (X), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, FHU OncoAge - Pathologies liées à l’âge [CHU Nice] (OncoAge), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [UNIV Côte d'Azur] (UPMC), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Life Sciences Institute [Ann Arbor, MI, USA], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS [Milan, Italy] (EIO), Ain Shams University (ASU), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling (OSS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires (UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Klionsky, D. J., Abdel-Aziz, A. K., Abdelfatah, S., Abdellatif, M., Abdoli, A., Abel, S., Abeliovich, H., Abildgaard, M. H., Abudu, Y. P., Acevedo-Arozena, A., Adamopoulos, I. E., Adeli, K., Adolph, T. E., Adornetto, A., Aflaki, E., Agam, G., Agarwal, A., Aggarwal, B. B., Agnello, M., Agostinis, P., Agrewala, J. N., Agrotis, A., Aguilar, P. V., Ahmad, S. T., Ahmed, Z. M., Ahumada-Castro, U., Aits, S., Aizawa, S., Akkoc, Y., Akoumianaki, T., Akpinar, H. A., Al-Abd, A. M., Al-Akra, L., Al-Gharaibeh, A., Alaoui-Jamali, M. A., Alberti, S., Alcocer-Gomez, E., Alessandri, C., Ali, M., Alim Al-Bari, M. A., Aliwaini, S., Alizadeh, J., Almacellas, E., Almasan, A., Alonso, A., Alonso, G. D., Altan-Bonnet, N., Altieri, D. C., Alvarez, E. M. C., Alves, S., Alves da Costa, C., Alzaharna, M. M., Amadio, M., Amantini, C., Amaral, C., Ambrosio, S., Amer, A. O., Ammanathan, V., An, Z., Andersen, S. U., Andrabi, S. A., Andrade-Silva, M., Andres, A. M., Angelini, S., Ann, D., Anozie, U. C., Ansari, M. Y., Antas, P., Antebi, A., Anton, Z., Anwar, T., Apetoh, L., Apostolova, N., Araki, T., Araki, Y., Arasaki, K., Araujo, W. L., Araya, J., Arden, C., Arevalo, M. -A., Arguelles, S., Arias, E., Arikkath, J., Arimoto, H., Ariosa, A. R., Armstrong-James, D., Arnaune-Pelloquin, L., Aroca, A., Arroyo, D. S., Arsov, I., Artero, R., Asaro, D. M. L., Aschner, M., Ashrafizadeh, M., Ashur-Fabian, O., Atanasov, A. G., Au, A. K., Auberger, P., Auner, H. W., Aurelian, L., Autelli, R., Avagliano, L., Avalos, Y., Aveic, S., Aveleira, C. A., Avin-Wittenberg, T., Aydin, Y., Ayton, S., Ayyadevara, S., Azzopardi, M., Baba, M., Backer, J. M., Backues, S. K., Bae, D. -H., Bae, O. -N., Bae, S. H., Baehrecke, E. H., Baek, A., Baek, S. -H., Baek, S. H., Bagetta, G., Bagniewska-Zadworna, A., Bai, H., Bai, J., Bai, X., Bai, Y., Bairagi, N., Baksi, S., Balbi, T., Baldari, C. T., Balduini, W., Ballabio, A., Ballester, M., Balazadeh, S., Balzan, R., Bandopadhyay, R., Banerjee, S., Banreti, A., Bao, Y., Baptista, M. S., Baracca, A., Barbati, C., Bargiela, A., Barila, D., Barlow, P. G., Barmada, S. J., Barreiro, E., Barreto, G. E., Bartek, J., Bartel, B., Bartolome, A., Barve, G. R., Basagoudanavar, S. H., Bassham, D. C., Bast, R. C., Basu, A., Batoko, H., Batten, I., Baulieu, E. E., Baumgarner, B. L., Bayry, J., Beale, R., Beau, I., Beaumatin, F., Bechara, L. R. G., Beck, G. R., Beers, M. F., Begun, J., Behrends, C., Behrens, G. M. N., Bei, R., Bejarano, E., Bel, S., Behl, C., Belaid, A., Belgareh-Touze, N., Bellarosa, C., Belleudi, F., Bello Perez, M., Bello-Morales, R., Beltran, J. S. D. O., Beltran, S., Benbrook, D. M., Bendorius, M., Benitez, B. A., Benito-Cuesta, I., Bensalem, J., Berchtold, M. W., Berezowska, S., Bergamaschi, D., Bergami, M., Bergmann, A., Berliocchi, L., Berlioz-Torrent, C., Bernard, A., Berthoux, L., Besirli, C. G., Besteiro, S., Betin, V. M., Beyaert, R., Bezbradica, J. S., Bhaskar, K., Bhatia-Kissova, I., Bhattacharya, R., Bhattacharya, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Bhuiyan, M. S., Bhutia, S. K., Bi, L., Bi, X., Biden, T. J., Bijian, K., Billes, V. A., Binart, N., Bincoletto, C., Birgisdottir, A. B., Bjorkoy, G., Blanco, G., Blas-Garcia, A., Blasiak, J., Blomgran, R., Blomgren, K., Blum, J. S., Boada-Romero, E., Boban, M., Boesze-Battaglia, K., Boeuf, P., Boland, B., Bomont, P., Bonaldo, P., Bonam, S. R., Bonfili, L., Bonifacino, J. S., Boone, B. A., Bootman, M. D., Bordi, M., Borner, C., Bornhauser, B. C., Borthakur, G., Bosch, J., Bose, S., Botana, L. M., Botas, J., Boulanger, C. M., Boulton, M. E., Bourdenx, M., Bourgeois, B., Bourke, N. M., Bousquet, G., Boya, P., Bozhkov, P. V., Bozi, L. H. M., Bozkurt, T. O., Brackney, D. E., Brandts, C. H., Braun, R. J., Braus, G. H., Bravo-Sagua, R., Bravo-San Pedro, J. M., Brest, P., Bringer, M. -A., Briones-Herrera, A., Broaddus, V. C., Brodersen, P., Brodsky, J. L., Brody, S. L., Bronson, P. G., Bronstein, J. M., Brown, C. N., Brown, R. E., Brum, P. C., Brumell, J. H., Brunetti-Pierri, N., Bruno, D., Bryson-Richardson, R. J., Bucci, C., Buchrieser, C., Bueno, M., Buitrago-Molina, L. E., Buraschi, S., Buch, S., Buchan, J. R., Buckingham, E. M., Budak, H., Budini, M., Bultynck, G., Burada, F., Burgoyne, J. R., Buron, M. I., Bustos, V., Buttner, S., Butturini, E., Byrd, A., Cabas, I., Cabrera-Benitez, S., Cadwell, K., Cai, J., Cai, L., Cai, Q., Cairo, M., Calbet, J. A., Caldwell, G. A., Caldwell, K. A., Call, J. A., Calvani, R., Calvo, A. C., Calvo-Rubio Barrera, M., Camara, N. O. S., Camonis, J. H., Camougrand, N., Campanella, M., Campbell, E. M., Campbell-Valois, F. -X., Campello, S., Campesi, I., Campos, J. C., Camuzard, O., Cancino, J., Candido de Almeida, D., Canesi, L., Caniggia, I., Canonico, B., Canti, C., Cao, B., Caraglia, M., Carames, B., Carchman, E. H., Cardenal-Munoz, E., Cardenas, C., Cardenas, L., Cardoso, S. M., Carew, J. S., Carle, G. F., Carleton, G., Carloni, S., Carmona-Gutierrez, D., Carneiro, L. A., Carnevali, O., Carosi, J. M., Carra, S., Carrier, A., Carrier, L., Carroll, B., Carter, A. B., Carvalho, A. N., Casanova, M., Casas, C., Casas, J., Cassioli, C., Castillo, E. F., Castillo, K., Castillo-Lluva, S., Castoldi, F., Castori, M., Castro, A. F., Castro-Caldas, M., Castro-Hernandez, J., Castro-Obregon, S., Catz, S. D., Cavadas, C., Cavaliere, F., Cavallini, G., Cavinato, M., Cayuela, M. L., Cebollada Rica, P., Cecarini, V., Cecconi, F., Cechowska-Pasko, M., Cenci, S., Ceperuelo-Mallafre, V., Cerqueira, J. J., Cerutti, J. M., Cervia, D., Cetintas, V. B., Cetrullo, S., Chae, H. -J., Chagin, A. S., Chai, C. -Y., Chakrabarti, G., Chakrabarti, O., Chakraborty, T., Chami, M., Chamilos, G., Chan, D. W., Chan, E. Y. W., Chan, E. D., Chan, H. Y. E., Chan, H. H., Chan, H., Chan, M. T. V., Chan, Y. S., Chandra, P. K., Chang, C. -P., Chang, C., Chang, H. -C., Chang, K., Chao, J., Chapman, T., Charlet-Berguerand, N., Chatterjee, S., Chaube, S. K., Chaudhary, A., Chauhan, S., Chaum, E., Checler, F., Cheetham, M. E., Chen, C. -S., Chen, G. -C., Chen, J. -F., Chen, L. L., Chen, L., Chen, M., Chen, M. -K., Chen, N., Chen, Q., Chen, R. -H., Chen, S., Chen, W., Chen, X. -M., Chen, X. -W., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -G., Chen, Y. -J., Chen, Y. -Q., Chen, Z. S., Chen, Z., Chen, Z. -H., Chen, Z. J., Cheng, H., Cheng, J., Cheng, S. -Y., Cheng, W., Cheng, X., Cheng, X. -T., Cheng, Y., Cheng, Z., Cheong, H., Cheong, J. K., Chernyak, B. V., Cherry, S., Cheung, C. F. R., Cheung, C. H. A., Cheung, K. -H., Chevet, E., Chi, R. J., Chiang, A. K. S., Chiaradonna, F., Chiarelli, R., Chiariello, M., Chica, N., Chiocca, S., Chiong, M., Chiou, S. -H., Chiramel, A. I., Chiurchiu, V., Cho, D. -H., Choe, S. -K., Choi, A. M. K., Choi, M. E., Choudhury, K. R., Chow, N. S., Chu, C. T., Chua, J. P., Chua, J. J. E., Chung, H., Chung, K. P., Chung, S., Chung, S. -H., Chung, Y. -L., Cianfanelli, V., Ciechomska, I. A., Cifuentes, M., Cinque, L., Cirak, S., Cirone, M., Clague, M. J., Clarke, R., Clementi, E., Coccia, E. M., Codogno, P., Cohen, E., Cohen, M. M., Colasanti, T., Colasuonno, F., Colbert, R. A., Colell, A., Colic, M., Coll, N. S., Collins, M. O., Colombo, M. I., Colon-Ramos, D. A., Combaret, L., Comincini, S., Cominetti, M. R., Consiglio, A., Conte, A., Conti, F., Contu, V. R., Cookson, M. R., Coombs, K. M., Coppens, I., Corasaniti, M. T., Corkery, D. P., Cordes, N., Cortese, K., Costa, M. D. C., Costantino, S., Costelli, P., Coto-Montes, A., Crack, P. J., Crespo, J. L., Criollo, A., Crippa, V., Cristofani, R., Csizmadia, T., Cuadrado, A., Cui, B., Cui, J., Cui, Y., Culetto, E., Cumino, A. C., Cybulsky, A. V., Czaja, M. J., Czuczwar, S. J., D'Adamo, S., D'Amelio, M., D'Arcangelo, D., D'Lugos, A. C., D'Orazi, G., da Silva, J. A., Dafsari, H. S., Dagda, R. K., Dagdas, Y., Daglia, M., Dai, X., Dai, Y., Dal Col, J., Dalhaimer, P., Dalla Valle, L., Dallenga, T., Dalmasso, G., Damme, M., Dando, I., Dantuma, N. P., Darling, A. L., Das, H., Dasarathy, S., Dasari, S. K., Dash, S., Daumke, O., Dauphinee, A. N., Davies, J. S., Davila, V. A., Davis, R. J., Davis, T., Dayalan Naidu, S., De Amicis, F., De Bosscher, K., De Felice, F., De Franceschi, L., De Leonibus, C., de Mattos Barbosa, M. G., De Meyer, G. R. Y., De Milito, A., De Nunzio, C., De Palma, C., De Santi, M., De Virgilio, C., De Zio, D., Debnath, J., Debosch, B. J., Decuypere, J. -P., Deehan, M. A., Deflorian, G., Degregori, J., Dehay, B., Del Rio, G., Delaney, J. R., Delbridge, L. M. D., Delorme-Axford, E., Delpino, M. V., Demarchi, F., Dembitz, V., Demers, N. D., Deng, H., Deng, Z., Dengjel, J., Dent, P., Denton, D., Depamphilis, M. L., Der, C. J., Deretic, V., Descoteaux, A., Devis, L., Devkota, S., Devuyst, O., Dewson, G., Dharmasivam, M., Dhiman, R., di Bernardo, D., Di Cristina, M., Di Domenico, F., Di Fazio, P., Di Fonzo, A., Di Guardo, G., Di Guglielmo, G. M., Di Leo, L., Di Malta, C., Di Nardo, A., Di Rienzo, M., Di Sano, F., Diallinas, G., Diao, J., Diaz-Araya, G., Diaz-Laviada, I., Dickinson, J. M., Diederich, M., Dieude, M., Dikic, I., Ding, S., Ding, W. -X., Dini, L., Dinic, J., Dinic, M., Dinkova-Kostova, A. T., Dionne, M. S., Distler, J. H. W., Diwan, A., Dixon, I. M. C., Djavaheri-Mergny, M., Dobrinski, I., Dobrovinskaya, O., Dobrowolski, R., Dobson, R. C. J., Dokic, J., Dokmeci Emre, S., Donadelli, M., Dong, B., Dong, X., Dong, Z., Dorn II, G. W., Dotsch, V., Dou, H., Dou, J., Dowaidar, M., Dridi, S., Drucker, L., Du, A., Du, C., Du, G., Du, H. -N., Du, L. -L., du Toit, A., Duan, S. -B., Duan, X., Duarte, S. P., Dubrovska, A., Dunlop, E. A., Dupont, N., Duran, R. V., Dwarakanath, B. S., Dyshlovoy, S. A., Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D., Eckhart, L., Edelstein, C. L., Efferth, T., Eftekharpour, E., Eichinger, L., Eid, N., Eisenberg, T., Eissa, N. T., Eissa, S., Ejarque, M., El Andaloussi, A., El-Hage, N., El-Naggar, S., Eleuteri, A. M., El-Shafey, E. S., Elgendy, M., Eliopoulos, A. G., Elizalde, M. M., Elks, P. M., Elsasser, H. -P., Elsherbiny, E. S., Emerling, B. M., Emre, N. C. T., Eng, C. H., Engedal, N., Engelbrecht, A. -M., Engelsen, A. S. T., Enserink, J. M., Escalante, R., Esclatine, A., Escobar-Henriques, M., Eskelinen, E. -L., Espert, L., Eusebio, M. -O., Fabrias, G., Fabrizi, C., Facchiano, A., Facchiano, F., Fadeel, B., Fader, C., Faesen, A. C., Fairlie, W. D., Falco, A., Falkenburger, B. H., Fan, D., Fan, J., Fan, Y., Fang, E. F., Fang, Y., Fanto, M., Farfel-Becker, T., Faure, M., Fazeli, G., Fedele, A. O., Feldman, A. M., Feng, D., Feng, J., Feng, L., Feng, Y., Feng, W., Fenz Araujo, T., Ferguson, T. A., Fernandez, A. F., Fernandez-Checa, J. C., Fernandez-Veledo, S., Fernie, A. R., Ferrante, A. W., Ferraresi, A., Ferrari, M. F., Ferreira, J. C. B., Ferro-Novick, S., Figueras, A., Filadi, R., Filigheddu, N., Filippi-Chiela, E., Filomeni, G., Fimia, G. M., Fineschi, V., Finetti, F., Finkbeiner, S., Fisher, E. A., Fisher, P. B., Flamigni, F., Fliesler, S. J., Flo, T. H., Florance, I., Florey, O., Florio, T., Fodor, E., Follo, C., Fon, E. A., Forlino, A., Fornai, F., Fortini, P., Fracassi, A., Fraldi, A., Franco, B., Franco, R., Franconi, F., Frankel, L. B., Friedman, S. L., Frohlich, L. F., Fruhbeck, G., Fuentes, J. M., Fujiki, Y., Fujita, N., Fujiwara, Y., Fukuda, M., Fulda, S., Furic, L., Furuya, N., Fusco, C., Gack, M. U., Gaffke, L., Galadari, S., Galasso, A., Galindo, M. F., Gallolu Kankanamalage, S., Galluzzi, L., Galy, V., Gammoh, N., Gan, B., Ganley, I. G., Gao, F., Gao, H., Gao, M., Gao, P., Gao, S. -J., Gao, W., Gao, X., Garcera, A., Garcia, M. N., Garcia, V. E., Garcia-Del Portillo, F., Garcia-Escudero, V., Garcia-Garcia, A., Garcia-Macia, M., Garcia-Moreno, D., Garcia-Ruiz, C., Garcia-Sanz, P., Garg, A. D., Gargini, R., Garofalo, T., Garry, R. F., Gassen, N. C., Gatica, D., Ge, L., Ge, W., Geiss-Friedlander, R., Gelfi, C., Genschik, P., Gentle, I. E., Gerbino, V., Gerhardt, C., Germain, K., Germain, M., Gewirtz, D. A., Ghasemipour Afshar, E., Ghavami, S., Ghigo, A., Ghosh, M., Giamas, G., Giampietri, C., Giatromanolaki, A., Gibson, G. E., Gibson, S. B., Ginet, V., Giniger, E., Giorgi, C., Girao, H., Girardin, S. E., Giridharan, M., Giuliano, S., Giulivi, C., Giuriato, S., Giustiniani, J., Gluschko, A., Goder, V., Goginashvili, A., Golab, J., Goldstone, D. C., Golebiewska, A., Gomes, L. R., Gomez, R., Gomez-Sanchez, R., Gomez-Puerto, M. C., Gomez-Sintes, R., Gong, Q., Goni, F. M., Gonzalez-Gallego, J., Gonzalez-Hernandez, T., Gonzalez-Polo, R. A., Gonzalez-Reyes, J. A., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, P., Goping, I. S., Gorbatyuk, M. S., Gorbunov, N. V., Gorgulu, K., Gorojod, R. M., Gorski, S. M., Goruppi, S., Gotor, C., Gottlieb, R. A., Gozes, I., Gozuacik, D., Graef, M., Graler, M. H., Granatiero, V., Grasso, D., Gray, J. P., Green, D. R., Greenhough, A., Gregory, S. L., Griffin, E. F., Grinstaff, M. W., Gros, F., Grose, C., Gross, A. S., Gruber, F., Grumati, P., Grune, T., Gu, X., Guan, J. -L., Guardia, C. M., Guda, K., Guerra, F., Guerri, C., Guha, P., Guillen, C., Gujar, S., Gukovskaya, A., Gukovsky, I., Gunst, J., Gunther, A., Guntur, A. R., Guo, C., Guo, H., Guo, L. -W., Guo, M., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, S., Gupta, V. B., Gupta, V., Gustafsson, A. B., Gutterman, D. D., H. B, R., Haapasalo, A., Haber, J. E., Hac, A., Hadano, S., Hafren, A. J., Haidar, M., Hall, B. S., Hallden, G., Hamacher-Brady, A., Hamann, A., Hamasaki, M., Han, W., Hansen, M., Hanson, P. I., Hao, Z., Harada, M., Harhaji-Trajkovic, L., Hariharan, N., Haroon, N., Harris, J., Hasegawa, T., Hasima Nagoor, N., Haspel, J. A., Haucke, V., Hawkins, W. 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E., Periyasamy, P., Perl, A., Perrotta, C., Perrotta, I., Pestell, R. G., Petersen, M., Petrache, I., Petrovski, G., Pfirrmann, T., Pfister, A. S., Philips, J. A., Pi, H., Picca, A., Pickrell, A. M., Picot, S., Pierantoni, G. M., Pierdominici, M., Pierre, P., Pierrefite-Carle, V., Pierzynowska, K., Pietrocola, F., Pietruczuk, M., Pignata, C., Pimentel-Muinos, F. X., Pinar, M., Pinheiro, R. O., Pinkas-Kramarski, R., Pinton, P., Pircs, K., Piya, S., Pizzo, P., Plantinga, T. S., Platta, H. W., Plaza-Zabala, A., Plomann, M., Plotnikov, E. Y., Plun-Favreau, H., Pluta, R., Pocock, R., Poggeler, S., Pohl, C., Poirot, M., Poletti, A., Ponpuak, M., Popelka, H., Popova, B., Porta, H., Porte Alcon, S., Portilla-Fernandez, E., Post, M., Potts, M. B., Poulton, J., Powers, T., Prahlad, V., Prajsnar, T. K., Pratico, D., Prencipe, R., Priault, M., Proikas-Cezanne, T., Promponas, V. J., Proud, C. G., Puertollano, R., Puglielli, L., Pulinilkunnil, T., Puri, D., Puri, R., Puyal, J., Qi, X., Qi, Y., Qian, W., Qiang, L., Qiu, Y., Quadrilatero, J., Quarleri, J., Raben, N., Rabinowich, H., Ragona, D., Ragusa, M. J., Rahimi, N., Rahmati, M., Raia, V., Raimundo, N., Rajasekaran, N. -S., Ramachandra Rao, S., Rami, A., Ramirez-Pardo, I., Ramsden, D. B., Randow, F., Rangarajan, P. N., Ranieri, D., Rao, H., Rao, L., Rao, R., Rathore, S., Ratnayaka, J. A., Ratovitski, E. A., Ravanan, P., Ravegnini, G., Ray, S. K., Razani, B., Rebecca, V., Reggiori, F., Regnier-Vigouroux, A., Reichert, A. S., Reigada, D., Reiling, J. H., Rein, T., Reipert, S., Rekha, R. S., Ren, H., Ren, J., Ren, W., Renault, T., Renga, G., Reue, K., Rewitz, K., Ribeiro de Andrade Ramos, B., Riazuddin, S. A., Ribeiro-Rodrigues, T. M., Ricci, J. -E., Ricci, R., Riccio, V., Richardson, D. R., Rikihisa, Y., Risbud, M. V., Risueno, R. M., Ritis, K., Rizza, S., Rizzuto, R., Roberts, H. C., Roberts, L. D., Robinson, K. J., Roccheri, M. C., Rocchi, S., Rodney, G. G., Rodrigues, T., Rodrigues Silva, V. R., Rodriguez, A., Rodriguez-Barrueco, R., Rodriguez-Henche, N., Rodriguez-Rocha, H., Roelofs, J., Rogers, R. S., Rogov, V. V., Rojo, A. I., Rolka, K., Romanello, V., Romani, L., Romano, A., Romano, P. S., Romeo-Guitart, D., Romero, L. C., Romero, M., Roney, J. C., Rongo, C., Roperto, S., Rosenfeldt, M. T., Rosenstiel, P., Rosenwald, A. G., Roth, K. A., Roth, L., Roth, S., Rouschop, K. M. A., Roussel, B. D., Roux, S., Rovere-Querini, P., Roy, A., Rozieres, A., Ruano, D., Rubinsztein, D. C., Rubtsova, M. P., Ruckdeschel, K., Ruckenstuhl, C., Rudolf, E., Rudolf, R., Ruggieri, A., Ruparelia, A. A., Rusmini, P., Russell, R. R., Russo, G. L., Russo, M., Russo, R., Ryabaya, O. O., Ryan, K. M., Ryu, K. -Y., Sabater-Arcis, M., Sachdev, U., Sacher, M., Sachse, C., Sadhu, A., Sadoshima, J., Safren, N., Saftig, P., Sagona, A. P., Sahay, G., Sahebkar, A., Sahin, M., Sahin, O., Sahni, S., Saito, N., Saito, S., Saito, T., Sakai, R., Sakai, Y., Sakamaki, J. -I., Saksela, K., Salazar, G., Salazar-Degracia, A., Salekdeh, G. H., Saluja, A. K., Sampaio-Marques, B., Sanchez, M. C., Sanchez-Alcazar, J. A., Sanchez-Vera, V., Sancho-Shimizu, V., Sanderson, J. T., Sandri, M., Santaguida, S., Santambrogio, L., Santana, M. M., Santoni, G., Sanz, A., Sanz, P., Saran, S., Sardiello, M., Sargeant, T. J., Sarin, A., Sarkar, C., Sarkar, S., Sarrias, M. -R., Sarmah, D. T., Sarparanta, J., Sathyanarayan, A., Sathyanarayanan, R., Scaglione, K. M., Scatozza, F., Schaefer, L., Schafer, Z. T., Schaible, U. E., Schapira, A. H. V., Scharl, M., Schatzl, H. M., Schein, C. H., Scheper, W., Scheuring, D., Schiaffino, M. V., Schiappacassi, M., Schindl, R., Schlattner, U., Schmidt, O., Schmitt, R., Schmidt, S. D., Schmitz, I., Schmukler, E., Schneider, A., Schneider, B. E., Schober, R., Schoijet, A. C., Schott, M. B., Schramm, M., Schroder, B., Schuh, K., Schuller, C., Schulze, R. J., Schurmanns, L., Schwamborn, J. C., Schwarten, M., Scialo, F., Sciarretta, S., Scott, M. J., Scotto, K. W., Scovassi, A. I., Scrima, A., Scrivo, A., Sebastian, D., Sebti, S., Sedej, S., Segatori, L., Segev, N., Seglen, P. O., Seiliez, I., Seki, E., Selleck, S. B., Sellke, F. W., Selsby, J. T., Sendtner, M., Senturk, S., Seranova, E., Sergi, C., Serra-Moreno, R., Sesaki, H., Settembre, C., Setty, S. R. G., Sgarbi, G., Sha, O., Shacka, J. J., Shah, J. A., Shang, D., Shao, C., Shao, F., Sharbati, S., Sharkey, L. M., Sharma, D., Sharma, G., Sharma, K., Sharma, P., Sharma, S., Shen, H. -M., Shen, H., Shen, J., Shen, M., Shen, W., Shen, Z., Sheng, R., Sheng, Z., Sheng, Z. -H., Shi, J., Shi, X., Shi, Y. -H., Shiba-Fukushima, K., Shieh, J. -J., Shimada, Y., Shimizu, S., Shimozawa, M., Shintani, T., Shoemaker, C. J., Shojaei, S., Shoji, I., Shravage, B. V., Shridhar, V., Shu, C. -W., Shu, H. -B., Shui, K., Shukla, A. 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S., Steinkasserer, A., Stenmark, H., Sterneckert, J., Stevens, C., Stoka, V., Storch, S., Stork, B., Strappazzon, F., Strohecker, A. M., Stupack, D. G., Su, H., Su, L. -Y., Su, L., Suarez-Fontes, A. M., Subauste, C. S., Subbian, S., Subirada, P. V., Sudhandiran, G., Sue, C. M., Sui, X., Summers, C., Sun, G., Sun, J., Sun, K., Sun, M. -X., Sun, Q., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Sunahara, K. K. S., Sundberg, E., Susztak, K., Sutovsky, P., Suzuki, H., Sweeney, G., Symons, J. D., Sze, S. C. W., Szewczyk, N. J., Tabecka-Lonczynska, A., Tabolacci, C., Tacke, F., Taegtmeyer, H., Tafani, M., Tagaya, M., Tai, H., Tait, S. W. G., Takahashi, Y., Takats, S., Talwar, P., Tam, C., Tam, S. Y., Tampellini, D., Tamura, A., Tan, C. T., Tan, E. -K., Tan, Y. -Q., Tanaka, M., Tang, D., Tang, J., Tang, T. -S., Tanida, I., Tao, Z., Taouis, M., Tatenhorst, L., Tavernarakis, N., Taylor, A., Taylor, G. A., Taylor, J. M., Tchetina, E., Tee, A. R., Tegeder, I., Teis, D., Teixeira, N., Teixeira-Clerc, F., Tekirdag, K. A., Tencomnao, T., Tenreiro, S., Tepikin, A. V., Testillano, P. S., Tettamanti, G., Tharaux, P. -L., Thedieck, K., Thekkinghat, A. A., Thellung, S., Thinwa, J. W., Thirumalaikumar, V. P., Thomas, S. M., Thomes, P. G., Thorburn, A., Thukral, L., Thum, T., Thumm, M., Tian, L., Tichy, A., Till, A., Timmerman, V., Titorenko, V. I., Todi, S. V., Todorova, K., Toivonen, J. M., Tomaipitinca, L., Tomar, D., Tomas-Zapico, C., Tomic, S., Tong, B. C. -K., Tong, C., Tong, X., Tooze, S. A., Torgersen, M. L., Torii, S., Torres-Lopez, L., Torriglia, A., Towers, C. G., Towns, R., Toyokuni, S., Trajkovic, V., Tramontano, D., Tran, Q. -G., Travassos, L. H., Trelford, C. B., Tremel, S., Trougakos, I. P., Tsao, B. P., Tschan, M. P., Tse, H. -F., Tse, T. F., Tsugawa, H., Tsvetkov, A. S., Tumbarello, D. A., Tumtas, Y., Tunon, M. J., Turcotte, S., Turk, B., Turk, V., Turner, B. J., Tuxworth, R. I., Tyler, J. K., Tyutereva, E. V., Uchiyama, Y., Ugun-Klusek, A., Uhlig, H. H., Ulamek-Koziol, M., Ulasov, I. V., Umekawa, M., Ungermann, C., Unno, R., Urbe, S., Uribe-Carretero, E., Ustun, S., Uversky, V. N., Vaccari, T., Vaccaro, M. I., Vahsen, B. F., Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H., Valdor, R., Valente, M. J., Valko, A., Vallee, R. B., Valverde, A. M., Van den Berghe, G., van der Veen, S., Van Kaer, L., van Loosdregt, J., van Wijk, S. J. L., Vandenberghe, W., Vanhorebeek, I., Vannier-Santos, M. A., Vannini, N., Vanrell, M. C., Vantaggiato, C., Varano, G., Varela-Nieto, I., Varga, M., Vasconcelos, M. H., Vats, S., Vavvas, D. G., Vega-Naredo, I., Vega-Rubin-de-Celis, S., Velasco, G., Velazquez, A. P., Vellai, T., Vellenga, E., Velotti, F., Verdier, M., Verginis, P., Vergne, I., Verkade, P., Verma, M., Verstreken, P., Vervliet, T., Vervoorts, J., Vessoni, A. T., Victor, V. M., Vidal, M., Vidoni, C., Vieira, O. V., Vierstra, R. D., Vigano, S., Vihinen, H., Vijayan, V., Vila, M., Vilar, M., Villalba, J. M., Villalobo, A., Villarejo-Zori, B., Villarroya, F., Villarroya, J., Vincent, O., Vindis, C., Viret, C., Viscomi, M. T., Visnjic, D., Vitale, I., Vocadlo, D. J., Voitsekhovskaja, O. V., Volonte, C., Volta, M., Vomero, M., Von Haefen, C., Vooijs, M. A., Voos, W., Vucicevic, L., Wade-Martins, R., Waguri, S., Waite, K. A., Wakatsuki, S., Walker, D. W., Walker, M. J., Walker, S. A., Walter, J., Wandosell, F. G., Wang, B., Wang, C. -Y., Wang, C., Wang, D., Wang, F., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, H. -G., Wang, J., Wang, K., Wang, L., Wang, M. H., Wang, M., Wang, N., Wang, P., Wang, Q. J., Wang, Q., Wang, Q. K., Wang, Q. A., Wang, W. -T., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. -Y., Wang, Z., Warnes, G., Warnsmann, V., Watada, H., Watanabe, E., Watchon, M., Wawrzynska, A., Weaver, T. E., Wegrzyn, G., Wehman, A. M., Wei, H., Wei, L., Wei, T., Wei, Y., Weiergraber, O. H., Weihl, C. C., Weindl, G., Weiskirchen, R., Wells, A., Wen, R. H., Wen, X., Werner, A., Weykopf, B., Wheatley, S. P., Whitton, J. L., Whitworth, A. J., Wiktorska, K., Wildenberg, M. E., Wileman, T., Wilkinson, S., Willbold, D., Williams, B., Williams, R. S. B., Williams, R. L., Williamson, P. R., Wilson, R. A., Winner, B., Winsor, N. J., Witkin, S. S., Wodrich, H., Woehlbier, U., Wollert, T., Wong, E., Wong, J. H., Wong, R. W., Wong, V. K. W., Wong, W. W. -L., Wu, A. -G., Wu, C., Wu, J., Wu, K. K., Wu, M., Wu, S. -Y., Wu, S., Wu, W. K. K., Wu, X., Wu, Y. -W., Wu, Y., Xavier, R. J., Xia, H., Xia, L., Xia, Z., Xiang, G., Xiang, J., Xiang, M., Xiang, W., Xiao, B., Xiao, G., Xiao, H., Xiao, H. -T., Xiao, J., Xiao, L., Xiao, S., Xiao, Y., Xie, B., Xie, C. -M., Xie, M., Xie, Y., Xie, Z., Xilouri, M., Xu, C., Xu, E., Xu, H., Xu, J., Xu, L., Xu, W. W., Xu, X., Xue, Y., Yakhine-Diop, S. M. S., Yamaguchi, M., Yamaguchi, O., Yamamoto, A., Yamashina, S., Yan, S., Yan, S. -J., Yan, Z., Yanagi, Y., Yang, C., Yang, D. -S., Yang, H., Yang, H. -T., Yang, J. -M., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, M., Yang, P. -M., Yang, Q., Yang, S., Yang, S. -F., Yang, W., Yang, W. Y., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Yao, H., Yao, S., Yao, X., Yao, Y. -G., Yao, Y. -M., Yasui, T., Yazdankhah, M., Yen, P. M., Yi, C., Yin, X. -M., Yin, Y., Yin, Z., Ying, M., Ying, Z., Yip, C. K., Yiu, S. P. T., Yoo, Y. H., Yoshida, K., Yoshii, S. R., Yoshimori, T., Yousefi, B., Yu, B., Yu, H., Yu, J., Yu, L., Yu, M. -L., Yu, S. -W., Yu, V. C., Yu, W. H., Yu, Z., Yuan, J., Yuan, L. -Q., Yuan, S., Yuan, S. -S. F., Yuan, Y., Yuan, Z., Yue, J., Yue, Z., Yun, J., Yung, R. L., Zacks, D. N., Zaffagnini, G., Zambelli, V. O., Zanella, I., Zang, Q. S., Zanivan, S., Zappavigna, S., Zaragoza, P., Zarbalis, K. S., Zarebkohan, A., Zarrouk, A., Zeitlin, S. O., Zeng, J., Zeng, J. -D., Zerovnik, E., Zhan, L., Zhang, B., Zhang, D. D., Zhang, H., Zhang, H. -L., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. -P., Zhang, K. Y. B., Zhang, L. W., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, P., Zhang, S., Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. -W., Zhang, X. D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. -D., Zhang, Y. -Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, H., Zhao, L., Zhao, S., Zhao, T., Zhao, X. -F., Zhao, Y., Zheng, G., Zheng, K., Zheng, L., Zheng, S., Zheng, X. -L., Zheng, Y., Zheng, Z. -G., Zhivotovsky, B., Zhong, Q., Zhou, A., Zhou, B., Zhou, C., Zhou, G., Zhou, H., Zhou, J., Zhou, K., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. -J., Zhou, Y., Zhou, Z. -Y., Zhou, Z., Zhu, B., Zhu, C., Zhu, G. -Q., Zhu, H., Zhu, W. -G., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, H., Zhuang, X., Zientara-Rytter, K., Zimmermann, C. M., Ziviani, E., Zoladek, T., Zong, W. -X., Zorov, D. B., Zorzano, A., Zou, W., Zou, Z., Zuryn, S., Zwerschke, W., Brand-Saberi, B., Dong, X. C., Kenchappa, C. S., Lin, Y., Oshima, S., Rong, Y., Sluimer, J. C., Stallings, C. L., Tong, C. -K., and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Programmed cell death, Settore BIO/06, Autophagosome, Autolysosome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Autophagy-Related Proteins, Review, Computational biology, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Settore MED/04, 03 medical and health sciences, stress, Chaperone-mediated autophagy, ddc:570, Autophagy, LC3, Animals, Humans, cancer, Settore BIO/10, flux, lysosome, macroautophagy, neurodegeneration, phagophore, vacuole, Set (psychology), Molecular Biology, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, business.industry, Interpretation (philosophy), Autophagosomes, Cell Biology, Multicellular organism, 030104 developmental biology, Knowledge base, Biological Assay, Lysosomes, business, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 232759.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
Published: 2021
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40. Chronic viral hepatitis, <scp>HIV</scp> infection and <scp>Non‐Hodgkin</scp> lymphomas in West Africa, a case‐control study

Author: JAQUET, Antoine, BONI, Simon P., BOIDY, Kouakou, TINE, Judicael, TCHOUNGA, Boris, TOURE, Sokhna A., KOFFI, Jean-Jacques, DIAL, Cherif, MONNEREAU, Alain, DIOMANDE, Isidore, TANON, Aristophane, SEYDI, Moussa, DABIS, Francois, DIOP, Saliou, KOFFI, Gustave, IE, D. E. A. West Africa Collaboration, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Cancer Institute, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Subjects: Adult, Male, Hepatitis B virus, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, HIV Infections, Article, Serology, Causes of cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, Hepatitis B, Chronic, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, HBV, Humans, Medicine, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, business.industry, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, Case-control study, HIV, virus diseases, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Lymphoma, Africa, Western, Oncology, Case-Control Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Africa, HCV, HIV/AIDS, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, business, Viral hepatitis, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are underestimated causes of cancer in West Africa where chronic viral hepatitis and HIV are endemic. While the association with HIV infection has already been characterized, limited information is available on the association between chronic viral hepatitis and NHL in sub-Saharan Africa. A case-control study was conducted in referral hospitals of Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire) and Dakar (Senegal). Cases of NHL were matched with controls on age, gender and participating site. The diagnosis of NHL relied on local pathological examination completed with immunohistochemistry. HIV, HBV and HCV serology tests were systematically performed. A conditional logistic regression model estimated the associations by the Odds Ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 117 NHL cases (Abidjan n = 97, Dakar n = 20) and their 234 matched controls were enrolled. Cases were predominantly men (68.4%) and had a median age of 50 years (IQR 37-57). While Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma were the most reported morphological type (n = 35) among mature B-cell NHL, the proportion mature T-cell NHL (30%) was high. The prevalence figures of HBV, HCV and HIV infection were 12.8%, 7.7% and 14.5%, respectively among cases of NHL. In multivariate analysis, HBV, HCV and HIV were independently associated with NHL with OR of 2.23 (CI 1.05-4.75), 4.82 (CI 1.52-15.29) and 3.32 (CI 1.54-7.16), respectively. Chronic viral hepatitis B and C were significantly associated with NHL in West Africa. Timely preventive measures against HBV infection and access to curative anti-HCV treatment might prevent a significant number of NHL.
Published: 2021
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41. Molecular Detection of Human Herpes Viruses in Suspected Measles Serum Samples from Senegal, 2014 to 2017

Author: Déborah Goudiaby, Ndongo Dia, Davy Evrard Kiori, Mbayame Ndiaye Niang, Mamadou Malado Jallow, Sara Sy, Serigne Fallou Wade, Bacary D. Sadio, Yague Diaw, Boly Diop, Amary Fall, and Ndeye Sophie Fall
Subjects: Adult, Male, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Adolescent, viruses, medicine.disease_cause, Rubella, Measles, Virus, Young Adult, Virology, medicine, Humans, Child, Herpesviridae, Retrospective Studies, biology, business.industry, Varicella zoster virus, Infant, virus diseases, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpesviridae Infections, Articles, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Senegal, Infectious Diseases, Herpes simplex virus, Child, Preschool, DNA, Viral, Female, Parasitology, Human herpesvirus 6, business
Abstract: Herpesviruses are known to cause a diversity of clinical syndromes, ranging from minor cutaneous lesions to life-threatening illnesses, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we investigate retrospectively the contribution of five human herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus Cytomegalovirus (CMV), the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6, and varicella zoster virus (VZV) in serum samples collected from measles suspected patients with at least fever and rash. Sera specimens were first tested for serological evidence of measles and rubella virus infection by ELISA, and DNA extracted from an aliquot of each clinical specimen for molecular detection of human herpes viruses by RT-qPCR. A total of 3,358 specimens have been collected and tested for herpes viruses. Nearly half of the overall suspected cases were children younger than 5 years (49.4%). Of the 3,358 sera tested by ELISA, 227 (6.7%) were measles laboratory confirmed and 152 (4.5%) rubella laboratory confirmed. Herpes viruses were detected in 1763 (52.5%), and VZV was the most common with 44.3%, followed by EBV with 10.7%. Coinfections were found in 352 (20%) cases, and the most common co-detections were VZV/EBV or VZV/CMV (169 and 81 cases, respectively). A clear seasonal pattern of VZV, EBV, and CMV identification was observed, with the highest incidence between February and April each year. Results of this investigation provide more insights into cutaneous rash syndrome etiologies in patients sampled in the framework of measles/rubella surveillance in Senegal, which is useful for the guidance of both case definition revision and clinical practice as well as for public health policy.
Published: 2021
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42. Numerical and Experimental Evaluations of Cooling Strategies and Environmental Sustainability for the Cut-out Aluminum Reduction Pot

Author: Mario Fafard, Mouhamadou A. Diop, and Zhongning Shi
Subjects: Flue gas, Natural convection, business.industry, Aluminium smelting, Metals and Alloys, Enclosure, Energy consumption, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Mechanics of Materials, Heat transfer, Smelting, Water cooling, Environmental science, Process engineering, business
Abstract: This study aims to design and implement an efficient cooling system to reduce the shutdown pot's cooling time in the smelter's delining room. This cooling process requirement is a result of the usual delay between the cut-down of a pot and the start of the pot demolition process that would have to be left to cool down from a temperature of about 960 °C to a temperature with which the delining team can physically handle it. As the cooling process is currently carried out in a free convection environment, the process takes five to nine days, causing the pot to spend a significant amount of time in the repair room. On the other hand, environmental regulation does not allow aluminum smelting plants to leave the hot pot in the open air; it has to be in a room enclosure. In developing a cooling technique that reduces the pot's cooling time and flue gas releases after shutting down, it is essential to ensure that the mechanical integrity of the potshell is maintained. To this effect, this study was kicked off by experimental studies to deduce the effect of various cooling parameters on the potshell material's microstructure and mechanical properties. Subsequently, 3D Finite Element Heat Transfer (FEHT) models of the DX technology pot were developed. On-site measurements were carried out on the DX pot at the plant and used to validate the models and validate the cooling techniques' effectiveness and their efficiency in reducing energy consumption. The models developed are useful in working out suitable and sustainable heat transfer mechanisms for efficient potline management to achieve acceptably low social and environmental impacts.
Published: 2021
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43. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IMAGE PROCESSING USING WAVELET TRANSFORMS

Author: Serigne Diouf, Mamadou Diop, and Alassane Sy
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, Wavelet transform, Image processing, Pattern recognition, Artificial intelligence, business
Published: 2021
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44. Blood biomarkers of early diagnosis for neonatal bacterial infections: back from Senegal cohort

Author: Abdourahmane Samba, Julie Durif, Vincent Sapin, Moustapha Djite, Fatou Cissé, Fatou Diallo Agne, Karen Coste, Halimatou Diop Ndiaye, Idrissa Yahya Soumah, Bruno Pereira, Pape Madieye Gueye, Ndèye Ramatoulaye Diagne Gueye, Fatou Diedhiou, Arame Ndiaye, Souleymane Thiam, Najah Fatou Gueye Coly, and Idrissa Bass
Subjects: Calcitonin, medicine.medical_specialty, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, Context (language use), Orosomucoid, Procalcitonin, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Protein Precursors, Child, Immunoturbidimetry, biology, business.industry, Cost impact, C-reactive protein, Infant, Newborn, Bacterial Infections, General Medicine, Senegal, C-Reactive Protein, Early Diagnosis, Blood biomarkers, Cohort, biology.protein, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: In Senegal, reducing neonatal mortality remains a challenge. The management of neonatal infections remains problematic and presents a strong clinical focus. Indeed, like all developing countries, the difficulty of acquiring state-of-the-art infrastructure and the financial cost impact on the routine use of biomarkers. It is in this context that we conducted this study to identify the best biological strategy for making a reliable diagnosis. Ninety-nine newborns were recruited at the pediatric service of the Diamniadio Children's Hospital (Senegal). CRP was assayed by latex immuno-agglutination method, IL-6 and IL-8 using Luminex® technology, PCT by chemiluminescence, orosomucoid by immunoturbidimetry and SAA by ELISA technique. 20 newborns had probable infection and six established infection. Deaths and complications were significantly greater in these groups. With an optimal decision threshold of 16.3 mg/L, CRP performed better (compared to the other tested blood biomarkers) with AUC, sensitivity and specificity of 94%, 88% and 99%, respectively. With the performance obtained from CRP in the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infections, the installation of panels with other biomarkers with advanced and expensive technology is not necessary. Thus, optimal care and within a reasonable timeframe can be done in our health facilities, with this accessible marker that is CRP.
Published: 2021
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45. Hemophilia care in Africa: Status and challenges

Author: D.N. Mbanya, S. Diop, A.N. Ndoumba Mintya, and M. El Kiaby
Subjects: congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Biochemistry, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Hemophilia A, Haemophilia, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hemic and lymphatic diseases, parasitic diseases, Health care, medicine, Humans, Cameroon, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Hematology, medicine.disease, Senegal, Family medicine, Egypt, business, Delivery of Health Care, Malaria, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Haemophilia care remains challenging especially in resource-limited settings where haemophilia and other non-communicable diseases may not be considered a healthcare priority, in comparison to malaria, HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. This article is a review of the evolution in haemophilia care in Africa, with focus on countries with varying degrees of care (Cameroon with budding care; Senegal with more evolved care and Egypt with a more longstanding history of care). The indispensable role of the World Federation of Haemophilia is highlighted in all the contexts of care.
Published: 2021
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46. Anticancer drug waste minimization and cost-saving study by using a closed-system transfer device for chemotherapy compounding

Author: Boubacar Bf Diop, Amine Cheikh, Casimir Adade Adade, H Attjioui, M Bouatia, and H Mefetah
Subjects: business.industry, Drug Compounding, Protective Devices, Closed system, Antineoplastic Agents, Anticancer drug, Cost savings, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, Risk analysis (engineering), Compounding, Neoplasms, Occupational Exposure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Economic evaluation, Humans, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Minification, business, Cost containment
Abstract: Introduction There is a need for an economic evaluation of the use of closed system (CSTD) in chemotherapy compounding, especially in resource-constrained settings. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the cost saving of the management of cancer drug leftovers before and after introduction of CSTD associated with an extension of the beyond-use date (BUD) of cancer vials. A secondary objective was to estimate the level of minimization of drug wastage. Materials and methods This was a prospective, single-center study with two periods of two months each. The cost of drugs saved by using conventional systems (syringe and needle) without a closed system in the first period was compared to the cost of drugs saved by using the CSTD Chemoclave® system in the second period. The drug waste minimization rate compared actual drug waste to potential waste in Period 2. Results In Period 1, the amount of drug saved accounted for an average of 10.3% of the amount used in milligrams and the amount of drug wasted accounted for an average of 18.7%. In period 2, these proportions were 15.2% and 6.4% respectively. The CSTD generated an extra cost of 11,962.5 USD compared to the conventional system. The drug saved cost related only to the CSTD and the acquisition cost of the CSTD was a deficit of -7,444.95 USD and the cost saved from the compounding (CSTD and syringes) was a gain of 1,722.01 USD. The waste minimization represented an average of 72.5% ± 24.4% of potential waste. Conclusion The use of CSTD to extend the BUD allowed to reduce waste due to microbiological instability without adding an economic profit.
Published: 2021
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47. A NGS-based blood test for the diagnosis of invasive HPV-associated carcinomas with extensive viral genomic characterization

Author: Julia Salleron, Jacques Thomas, Halimatou Diop-Ndiaye, Frédéric Marchal, B. Dembele, Mamadou Diop, Alexandre Harlé, Xavier Sastre-Garau, Jessica Demange, Claire Charra-Brunaud, Léa Leufflen, Fernando Ariel Martin, Agnès Leroux, Priscillia Tosti, Gilles Dolivet, Didier Peiffert, Jean-Louis Merlin, Jean-Marc Costa, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine - Alexis Vautrin [Nancy] (UNICANCER/ICL), UNICANCER, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Laboratoire CERBA [Saint Ouen l'Aumône], Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Genome, Viral, Alphapapillomavirus, Genome, Vulva, Circulating Tumor DNA, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Genotype, medicine, Carcinoma, Biomarkers, Tumor, Blood test, Humans, Papillomaviridae, Tumor marker, Hematologic Tests, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Papillomavirus Infections, Cancer, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, DNA, Viral, Female, business, DNA
Abstract: Purpose: Use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for diagnosis is limited regarding the low number of target molecules in early-stage tumors. Human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated carcinomas represent a privileged model using circulating viral DNA (ctHPV DNA) as a tumor marker. However, the plurality of HPV genotypes represents a challenge. The next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based CaptHPV approach is able to characterize any HPV DNA sequence. To assess the ability of this method to establish the diagnosis of HPV-associated cancer via a blood sample, we analyzed ctHPV DNA in HPV-positive or HPV-negative carcinomas. Experimental Design: Patients (135) from France and Senegal with carcinoma developed in the uterine cervix (74), oropharynx (25), oral cavity (19), anus (12), and vulva (5) were prospectively registered. Matched tumor tissue and blood samples (10 mL) were taken before treatment and independently analyzed using the CaptHPV method. Results: HPV prevalence in tumors was 60.0% (81/135; 15 different genotypes). Viral analysis of plasmas compared with tumors was available for 134 patients. In the group of 80 patients with HPV-positive tumors, 77 were also positive in plasma (sensitivity 95.0%); in the group of 54 patients with HPV-negative tumors, one was positive in plasma (specificity 98.1%). In most cases, the complete HPV pattern observed in tumors could be established from the analysis of ctHPV DNA. Conclusions: In patients with carcinoma associated with any HPV genotype, a complete viral genome characterization can be obtained via the analysis of a standard blood sample. This should favor the development of noninvasive diagnostic tests providing the identification of personalized tumor markers. See related commentary by Rostami et al., p. 5158
Published: 2021
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48. Penetrating brain trauma through a metal bar extracted at home: An unusual case

Author: A. Diop and M. Faye
Subjects: Unusual case, Bar (music), business.industry, Medicine, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Anatomy, business, Brain trauma
Published: 2021
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49. ANTIBIOTIC USAGE IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT SETTING IN MALI

Author: Beye S A, Traoré A, Camara B, Dicko H, Traoré A M, Keita M, Traoré B, Coulibaly M, Touré M K, Diop M Th, Kante M, Sidibe A, Diango M D, and Coulibaly Y
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, law, business.industry, Antibiotics, medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, Intensive care unit, law.invention
Abstract: Antibiotics remains an issue in intensive care units (ICUs), because of its overuse and the emergence of bacterial resistance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prescription of antibiotics in ICUs at university teaching and the regional hospitals in Mali. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was a cross sectorial retrospective and multicentric study over six months. The inclusion criteria were, all the patients hospitalized in ICUs at least for 48 hours with antibiotic treatment. We also included the cost of the daily consumption of antibiotics. The Microsoft excel was used for data entry and the data analysis was done with the software Epi info version 3.5.2. RESULTS: Five hundred sixty-and-six (566) patient les responded to the inclusion criteria. The antibiotics prescription rate was 43.3%. The mean age of the patients was 36.8 ± 20.7. The women were more represented (59.7%). The monotherapy (60.6%) was the most common concept use. The third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) was used in monotherapy (27.7%). The average volume of consumption of antibiotics in monotherapy was the highest. The analysis of the data showed that the volume consumption of antibiotics was different according to grade of the prescribers which was respectively 98972.3 for anaesthesia & intensive care residents and 74990.7 for anaesthetist-intensivist. The treatment was reviewed during the rst 48 hours (99.8%) and was readapted in 106 of the patients (18.7%). We mainly increased the doses of antibiotics 77.4%. The average duration of the treatment was 5.2 ± 3.7 (days). CONCLUSION: The use of antibiotics remains high and uncontrol in intensive care units in Mali, which could be explain by the limited blood culture testing and insufcient of qualied human resource in some of the regional hospitals.
Published: 2021
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50. Association of maternal fertility status and receipt of fertility treatment with healthcare utilization in infants up to age four

Author: Daksha Gopal, Dmitry Dukhovny, Judy E. Stern, Howard Cabral, Sunah S. Hwang, and Hafsatou Diop
Subjects: Infertility, medicine.medical_specialty, Reproductive Techniques, Assisted, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Fertility, Article, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Child, Retrospective Studies, media_common, Receipt, Assisted reproductive technology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, Infant, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Retrospective cohort study, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Healthcare utilization, Relative risk, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Premature Birth, Female, Outcomes research, business, Demography
Abstract: Objective: This study evaluates differences in child healthcare utilization by maternal fertility status in the first four years of life. Study Design: The retrospective cohort evaluated Massachusetts (MA) live born infants using data linked from clinical assisted reproductive technology (ART) data, birth certificates, and hospital discharge records. Hospital records of infants born 2004-2017 to mothers of fertile (no infertility treatments or indicators of infertility), unassisted subfertile (UF, indicators of infertility but no fertility treatment), medically assisted reproduction (MAR, non-ART assistance with reproduction) and ART treatment were studied. Adjusted relative risk (aRR) was calculated using multivariable log binomial regression models. Results: We included 339,426 singleton live-born infants discharged from birth hospitalization. Compared to children born to fertile mothers, those born to UF, MAR and ART-treated mothers were more likely to have hospital-based care (aRR 1.06-1.21) in their first 4 years. Conclusions: Maternal subfertility with and without treatment was associated with small increases in child healthcare utilization.
Published: 2021
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