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A bi-level optimization model of synchronous transfer between bus lines and rural passenger lines was established after analysing the transfer mode. The target of upper optimization is minimum travel time on transfer paths, and the target of lower optimization is maximum bus meeting time at valid transfer stations. A heuristic algorithm was applied to solve the model, and the departure times with synchronous transfer were determined. Case analysis was performed by taking the edge and internal synchronous transfer modes as examples. Results show that the model can realize synchronous transfer between bus lines and rural passenger lines and obtain the satisfied departure times.

Background The objective of our study was to develop and validate nomograms to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the stomach. Methods Data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. A total of 1781 patients were randomly allocated to a training set (n = 1335) and a validation set (n = 446). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the prognostic effect of variables. Nomograms were developed to estimate OS and CSS and assessed using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and decision curve analyses (DCA). DCA was utilized to compare the nomograms and the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging system. Results Age, race, tumor size, T, N, M stage, and use of surgery and/or radiotherapy were included in the nomograms. C-indexes for OS and CSS were 0.74 and 0.75 in the training set, respectively. C-indexes for OS and CSS were 0.76 and 0.76 in the validation set. Calibration plots and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed good predictive accuracy. According to the decision curve analyses (DCA), the new model was more useful than the TNM staging system. Conclusions We developed nomograms to predict OS and CSS in patients with SRCC of the stomach. Nomograms may be a valuable clinical supplement of the conventional TNM staging system.

Cache-enabled wireless networks have gained increasing popularity in recent years for facilitating the delivery of content. Most existing works assumed that the network is static without the change of users and content, which is not the case in the real world. In this paper, we study the content delivery in cache-enabled wireless networks, where the network evolves in terms of users and content. We adopt the affiliation network model to reveal the network evolution process, where new users and content are added into the network randomly and connected with existing nodes via the preferential attachment. Users with strong social relations tend to request the same content objects, thus content popularity is sharply concentrated. Therefore, caching technique is more effective. To maximize the content delivery rate, we formulate the optimization problem of caching replication jointly with routing strategy. We show that network evolution can greatly improve the content delivery rate. In particular, when per-user cache capacity is in the order of $\Theta (1)$ , per-user delivery rate can achieve constant, i.e., the network can scale. Finally, theoretical results are validated based on a real-world data set from Facebook.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Forsythiae Fructus (called Lianqiao in Chinese), the fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is utilized as a common traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. It is traditionally used to treat pyrexia, inflammation, gonorrhea, carbuncle and erysipelas. Depending on the different harvest time, Forsythiae Fructus can be classified into two forms, namely Qingqiao and Laoqiao. The greenish fruits that start to ripen are collected as Qingqiao, while the yellow fruits that are fully ripe are collected as Laoqiao. Both are applied to medical use. This review aims to provide a systematic summary of F. suspensa (Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl) and to reveal the correlation between the traditional uses and pharmacological activities so as to offer inspiration for future research. Materials and methods All corresponding information about F. suspensa was searched by Scifinder and obtained from scientific databases including Springer, Science Direct, Wiley, Pubmed and China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI). Local dissertations and books were searched as well. Results According to classical Chinese herbal texts and Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Forsythiae Fructus dominantly displays heat-clearing and detoxifying effects in TCM prescriptions. In modern research, more than 230 compounds were separated and identified from F. suspensa. 211 Of them were isolated from fruits. Lignans and phenylethanoid glycosides are considered as the characteristic and active constituents of this herb, such as forsythiaside, phillyrin, rutin and phillygenin. They exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-virus, anti-cancer and anti-allergy effects, etc. Currently, there is no report on the toxicity of Forsythiae Fructus, despite slight toxicity of forsythiaside reported in local publications. Compared to Laoqiao, Qingqiao contains higher levels of forsythiaside, forsythoside C, cornoside, rutin, phillyrin, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid and lower levels of rengyol, β-glucose and S-suspensaside methyl ether. Conclusion Heat-clearing actions of Forsythiae Fructus are based on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of lignans and phenylethanoid glycosides. Detoxifying effects attribute to the antibacterial, antiviral and anti-cancer activities of Forsythiae Fructus. And traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characteristics of Forsythiae Fructus (bitter flavor, slightly cold nature and lung meridian) supported its strong anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, the remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of Forsythiae Fructus contribute to its anti-cancer and neuroprotective activities. The higher proportion of lignans and phenylethanoid glycosides in Qingqiao than Laoqiao might explain the better antioxidant ability of Qingqiao and more frequent uses of Qingqiao in TCM prescriptions. For future research, more in vivo experiments and clinical studies are encouraged to further clarify the relation between traditional uses and modern applications. Regarding to Qingqiao and Laoqiao, they remain to be differentiated by all-round quality control methods, and the chemical compositions and clinical effects between them should be compared.

The decline of male fertility and its consequences on human populations are important public-health issues. However, there are limited choices for treatment of male infertility. In an attempt to identify a compound that could promote male fertility, we identified and characterized a library of small molecules from an ancient formulation Wuzi Yanzong-Pill, which was used as a folk medicine since the Tang dynasty of China. We found that SB enabled evident repairs in oligoasthenospermia-associated testicular tissue abnormality and in spermatogenesis disruption, resulting in significant improvements of sperm count, mobility, and reproductive ability in oligoasthenospermia mice. Furthermore, SB could alter substantial testicular genes (2033), among which, upregulation of Fst while downregulation of Inhba involved in reproductive signaling pathway could explain its role in enhancing spermatogenesis. The encouraging preclinical data with pharmacokinetics warranted a rapid development of this new class of therapeutic agent. Our finding provides a strong potent drug for treatment of male infertility.

Warburg found that tumor cells exhibit high-level glycolysis, even under aerobic condition, which is known as the ‘Warburg effect’. As systemic changes in the entire metabolic network are gradually revealed, it is recognized that metabolic reprogramming has gone far beyond the imagination of Warburg. Metabolic reprogramming involves an active change in cancer cells to adapt to their biological characteristics. Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignant tumor whose metabolic characteristics have been studied in recent years. Some drugs targeting tumor metabolism are under clinical trial. This article reviews the metabolic changes and mechanisms in thyroid cancer, aiming to find metabolic-related molecules that could be potential markers to predict prognosis and metabolic pathways, or could serve as therapeutic targets. Our review indicates that knowledge in metabolic alteration has potential contributions in the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic evaluation of thyroid cancer, but further studies are needed for verification as well.

Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) is a regression based method to study task modulated brain connectivity. Despite its popularity in functional MRI (fMRI) studies, its reliability and reproducibility have not been evaluated. We investigated reproducibility and reliability of PPI effects during a simple visual task, and examined the effect of deconvolution on the PPI results. A large open-access dataset was analyzed (n = 138), where a visual task was scanned twice with repetition times (TRs) of 645 ms and 1400 ms, respectively. We first replicated our previous results by using the left and right middle occipital gyrus as seeds. Then ROI-wise (regions of interest) analysis was performed among twenty visual-related thalamic and cortical regions, and negative PPI effects were found between many ROIs with the posterior fusiform gyrus as a hub region. Both the seed-based and ROI-wise results were similar between the two runs and between the two PPI methods with and without deconvolution. The non-deconvolution method and the short TR run in general had larger effect sizes and greater extents. However, the deconvolution method performed worse in the 645 ms TR run than the 1400 ms TR run in the voxel-wise analysis. Given the general similar results between the two methods and the uncertainty of deconvolution, we suggest that deconvolution may be not necessary for PPI analysis on block-designed data. Lastly, intraclass correlations between the two runs were much lower for the PPI effects than the activation main effects, which raise cautions on performing inter-subject correlations and group comparisons on PPI effects.

Since entering 21 centuries, the foreign trade has been developing rapidly and constantly, which plays an important role in promoting the economic development for our country. While the economic developing rapidly, the employment problem of our country is one of the social and economic problems that need to be solved urgently. This paper will divide the export products into three categories: resource intensive products, labor-intensive product sand capital and technology intensive products, according to the National Bureau of statistics data and the SITC classification criteria. Then, the paper will analyze the direct impact of export trade on the employment from these three industries, and provide further verification by simple regression.

Cloud computing is a typical network computing model.Large-scale network applications based on cloud computing presents the characteristics and trends of distributed, heterogeneous data-intensive.Smart grid is a complex system running a real-time online.It is a data-intensive applications.How to effectively integrate multiple data centers in the smart grid and let them work together in the cloud computing environment is a question.And how to make rational distribution of data in the smart grid is also a question.Therefore, we propose a global placement strategy based on genetic algorithm.And we give the data placement scheme for solving on data-intensive applications.Through simulation software CloudSim, we conducted simulation experiments and analyzed the effectiveness of the program.

With the growing popularity of network, more and more people use embedded portable devices to carry out e-commerce by wireless network. However, the security of wireless network is increasingly grim. According to the WPA/WPA2, this paper focuses on authentication issues between access point AP and wireless client STA in the wireless network security, and presents an improved protocol to resolve these problems. The improved one based on 4-way handshake protocol can resist dictionary attack, DOS attack and phishing attack. In the End, the paper analyzes the protocol.

With the explosive development of social networks, users' behaviors are prone to be socially connected. Social Network Operator (SNO) can effectively collect communication data which reflects users' social behaviors and construct a social graph which precisely characterize relationship among users. Users who exert online influence on their friends can potentially affect their friends' demand for wireless service. Therefore, the knowledge of users' influence would help Wireless Network Operator (WNO) make optimal operating decisions to maximize profit. This paper focus on the optimal pricing strategy of WNO when users' social influence is taken into consideration. We model SNO and WNO's relationship as a cooperative game. By formulating the interaction between SNO-WNO's coalition and users as a two-stage Stackelberg game, the optimal pricing strategy is derived which brings about extra profits. Moreover, we propose a generalized bargaining scheme based on contribution factor to divide extra profits between operators. Simulation results reveal the fact that wireless network operator's possession of influence information does incur extra profits. In addition, feasibility of SNO and WNO's cooperation is validated.

To calibrate the helium mass-spectrometer leak detector in-site in the whole range, a series of leaks with helium-permeable membranes of different leakage rates were connected to a helium mass-spectrometer leak detector separately, then a set of readings of standard leaks were gained, and the relation curves were fitted mathematically between the standard leakage rates and leakage readings so as to give a fitting formula between the whole-range readings and leakage rates. As a result, the simplicity and efficiency method make it suitable for calibrations of helium mass-spectrometer leak detector.

Online monitoring is the precondition to achieve state maintenance and lifecycle management in power grid. Also, effective data transform model is the basis of online monitoring. We propose a data transform model for intelligent substation and PMS device online monitoring based on analyzing Standards of intelligent substation and State Grid. The PMS data are classified and compared with data model of IEC 61850 Standard. With methods of tag mapping and ID index we achieve the data conversion between intelligent substation and PMS.

The influences of non-metallic inclusions on the quality and properties of the steel not only depended on the quantity of inclusions, but also on the type、shape、size、deformation behavior and distribution condition. By means of ANSYS finite element analysis software, the stress field distribution in the inclusions and the matrix around the inclusions are analyzed under the condition of different kinds of types、shapes、distributions with changeable load in heavy rudder arm steel castings, then micromechanics behavior of inclusions is investigated from angle of macro mechanics.

This paper proposes a new high layer ACK mechanism for real-time video transmission in multi-hop wireless network. In order to ensure the quality-of-service (QoS) of the video and minimize the frequency of retransmitting the lost packets of B-frames and P-frames, an ACK is only sent in reply if the packet belonging to I-frame is received successfully. In the end-to-end link, if some of intermediate nodes' rates of success forwarding are below the threshold value, one of these intermediate nodes, which saves the copy of current packet, replies ACK to the source node and forwards the packet to the destination node. Finally, the intermediate node waits the ACK replied by destination node. In this ACK mechanism, nodes can send the next packet immediately. When the packet is not transmitted to the destination node, the next packet needs not to wait the retransmission of its previous packet. If the nodes do not receive the ACK from the destination node, they will periodically retransmit the copy of packets in a fixed time period. The simulation is performed in MATLAB, the result show that this mechanism can reduce the average delay of packets delivery and improve the QoS of the received video.

Influences of inspecting time-interval and location on varying behavior of metal magnetic memory (MMM) signals of defects were studied. Different areas in two precracked weldments were inspected at different time-intervals by type TSC-1M-4 stress-concentration magnetic inspector to obtain MMM signals. Mechanisms of MMM signals varying behavior with inspecting time and space were analyzed and discussed respectively. It is found that MMM signals don’t change with inspecting time-interval, since stress field and magnetic leakage field maintain unchanged at any time after welding. On the other hand, MMM signals differ greatly for different inspecting locations, because stress field and magnetic leakage field are unevenly distributed in defective ferromagnetic materials.

A mixed explosive contains Al powder, hexogen (RDX), paraffin, etc. It is pressed fitting into Ф20×20mm pillars. The pillars are heated in 55C for 57days and are measured in volume, mass and density. They are experimented in mechanical properties, sensitivities, stability. The micro-structure of the pillar are tested, and the outer skin of pillar is observed. The results reveal that pillar remains unchanged in mass, becomes bigger in volume and smaller in average density; Pillars show no cracks, but they become bigger in density-difference; pillars become bigger in both compression strength and shear strength, their vacuum stability test gas-bleed volume and friction sensitivity all becomes smaller; the paraffin in heated pillar is more regular, and RDX is better in quality. The above findings confirm that after heated, the paraffin in the pillars becomes attached to each other, and fills up the crevices between solid particles, i.e. its cohesion and cladding improve. And RDX improves in quality, so the pillars show a tendency of improvement in terms of macro property. All this shows that the thermal stress exercises a improvable function on the pillars.

Venture capitalists (VC), as the main participants in China Growth Enterprise Market (GEM), more and more join the board of directors of the listed companies to participate in corporate governance, which has a significant impact on corporate performance. In this paper, the GEM-listed companies are regarded as the object and panel data related to the VC directors from the fourth quarter of 2009 to the third quarter of 2013 are collected to study the relationship between VC directors and corporate performance. Findings are as follows: (1) VC joining the board of directors, their board seats and shareholdings ratio, duration on board of directors all have a significant positive correlation with corporate performance. (2)The above results are still robust after analyzing the problems about substitution variables and singular value.

We study the capital operating performance and efficiency of Chinese firms after cross-listed. We find that the advantages of market environments and institutions will improve the capital operating performance and efficiency of Chinese cross-listed firms, therefore protect the investor's interests and improve the corporate governance of cross-listed firms. We also find that: for those Chinese cross-listed firms which need not comply with overseas related laws, regulations, institutions and listing guidelines, not only their capital operating performance and efficiency are lower than those of Chinese cross-listed firms which comply but also their capital operating efficiency is lower than that of Chinese non-cross-listed counterparts. Also, their capital operating performance isn't higher than that of Chinese non-cross-listed counterparts. Therefore, if Chinese firms are preparing for an overseas cross-listed, they should cross-list in those overseas securities markets with more market environment and institution advantage, complying with the laws, regulations, institutions and guidelines in overseas markets. Only in this way it would be helpful to improve the capital operating performance and efficiency and the corporate governance.

Coverage is one of the basic characteristics for wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we investigate the coverage preserving cluster head election technique. Sensors are optimally scheduled in different statuses between different rounds by genetic algorithm. A set of simulations is carried out. The simulation results show that, using the optimal schedule generated by genetic algorithm, our method can preserve the coverage performance better than LEACH.

Richard Cantillion first proposed that entrepreneurs raise the efficiency of economic resources from a low level to a high one. Entrepreneurship is a set of special entrepreneur skills (including spirits and skills), especially the abilities of innovating, taking business risks, undertaking pressures, and etc. Because of the complexity, the innovativeness, and the impossibility of direct acquisition of entrepreneurship, professional investors should give a higher compensation to executives with this spirit. Being the most important professional investors in China's security markets, securities investment funds have large market scales and are in a fiercely competitive environment. Thus to listed firms, funds have the strongest monitoring motivation and relative strong monitoring capacity. They are also the strong backing to carry forward entrepreneurship. This paper aims to study the relationship between the pay level of executives in China's listed firms and fund investors' supporting level to entrepreneurship. The study finds: compared to executives in firms without shares owned by funds, executives in firms with shares owned by funds receive higher compensation; the higher proportion of fund ownership, the higher the pay level of the executives is. However, there is not a significant positive correlation between the pay levels of executives with the concentration of fund ownership.

An effective optical design method is proposed to solve the problem of adjustable view angle for infrared illuminator in active night vision systems. A novel total internal reflection (TIR) lens with three segments of the side surface is designed as the secondary optics of infrared emitting diode (IRED). It can provide three modes with different view angles to achieve a complete coverage of the monitored area. As an example, a novel TIR lens is designed for SONY FCB-EX 480CP camera. Optical performance of the novel TIR lens is investigated by both numerical simulation and experiments. The results demonstrate that it can meet the requirements of different irradiation distances quit well with view angles of 7.5°, 22° and 50°. The mean optical efficiency is improved from 62% to 75% and the mean irradiance uniformity is improved from 65% to 85% compared with the traditional structure.

AIM: To estimate the mortality rates of gastroenterologic cancers for the period between 1974 and 1999, in Henan Province, China and its epidemiologic features. METHODS: Information on death of patients with cancer was provided by the county-city registries. Population data were provided by the local police bureau. All the deaths of cancer registered were classified according to the three-digit rubric of the ICD-9. Cancer mortality rates reported herein were age-adjusted, using the world population as standard and weighted piecewise linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Total cancer age-adjusted mortality rates were 195.91 per 100000 for males and 124.36 per 100000 for females between 1996 and 1998. During the period of 1974-1999, a remarkable decrease took place in esophageal carcinoma, stomach cancer remained essentially stable and liver cancer, a moderate increase. Colorectal cancer was slightly increased over the last two decades. CONCLUSION: The population-based cancer registry can give an accurate picture of cancer in Henan Province, by providing a set of analyses of selected cancer mortality data as a source of reference for researchers in cancer, public health and health care services.