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In the Oil and Gas industry, the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques gives advantages of better use of existing infrastructure. It provides better future outcomes, which makes it an essential technology in the operations of the industry. In this paper, the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques for good planning, determination of reservoir rock properties, drilling optimization and production facilities are reviewed. With precise knowledge of permeability and porosity, reservoir engineers can develop robust reservoir development plan and manage hydrocarbon recovery effectively. For porosity prediction, wire-line log data and seismic attributes are used in artificial intelligence-based models. Permeability prediction has been discussed by considering the different types of well-log data in the modeling of artificial intelligence techniques to predict single-phase fluid. Solution of specific developed problems during the determination of permeability in the actual experiment is also mentioned. Artificial intelligence techniques are used in the design and accurate analysis of the drilling fluid. It assists in the selection of drill bit and drilling-related problems. If a reservoir cannot produce naturally, we can select a suitable artificial lift and design the production system using Artificial intelligence techniques. For EOR methods, SADA and NAVA knowledge base systems are discussed. Artificial intelligence can help in optimizing production, improve production efficiency and recovery of hydrocarbons.

Based on Iran's sixth development plan, the country's oil and gas industry requires an investment of about $200bn in the next five years to increase production. The Iranian government, to attract and motivate international oil company investment in their oil and gas fields, has presented a new type of risk service contract: the Iranian Petroleum Contract (IPC). This paper summarizes the features of the IPC and presents mathematical models of its fiscal regime for the benefit and guidance of both the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and the contractors. Next, adopting bargaining game theory provides a mathematical model for reaching a win-win situation between the NIOC and the contractor. Finally, a numerical example is given and a sensitivity analysis performed to illustrate the implementation of the proposed models. The contractor and the NIOC may use these models when preparing their proposal and in the course of actual negotiations to calculate their internal rate of return, remuneration fee, and net present value for developing the fields at different conditions of their bargaining power, and derive a logical bargain to protect their best possible interests.

In this work, we provide a more consistent alternative for performing value of information (VOI) analyses to address sequential decision problems in reservoir management and generate insights on the process of reservoir decision-making. These sequential decision problems are often solved and modeled as stochastic dynamic programs, but once the state space becomes large and complex, traditional techniques, such as policy iteration and backward induction, quickly become computationally demanding and intractable. To resolve these issues and utilize fewer computational resources, we instead make use of a viable alternative called approximate dynamic programming (ADP), which is a powerful solution technique that can handle complex, large-scale problems and discover a near-optimal solution for intractable sequential decision making. We compare and test the performance of several machine learning techniques that lie within the domain of ADP to determine the optimal time for beginning a polymer flooding process within a reservoir development plan. The approximate dynamic approach utilized here takes into account both the effect of the information obtained before a decision is made and the effect of the information that might be obtained to support future decisions while significantly improving both the timing and the value of the decision, thereby leading to a significant increase in economic performance.

Public transportation is one of the important modes of transportation and is the backbone of transportation in Indonesia. The development of public transportation is also supported by the government, this government support is evident in the national policy, namely the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN). Although public transportation is an effective mode of transportation, it also has obstacles in its development, namely how to meet customer desires in choosing a mode of transportation. There are several variables that are the focus of this research, namely age, gender, income, cost, speed, comfort, safety, efficiency and flexibility. The search for influential variables will use the K-Means and DBSCAN clustering algorithms, these two algorithms are also compared to their performance to find a better algorithm. The results of the Silhouette Coefficient show that DBSCAN has a better performance with a value of 0.99 than K-Means with a value of 0.86. The variables that affect the interest in using public transportation are the most important ones related to cost, speed, comfort, safety, efficiency and flexibility.

A pesar de la gran diversidad y riqueza que caracteriza a la música boliviana, la percepción general es que la industria musical boliviana es incipiente y sufre de grandes carencias que afectan su capacidad de crear y trascender dentro y fuera de sus fronteras. La falta de datos estadísticos y estudios de línea de base sobre este sector dificulta el análisis científico de su situación y la correspondiente generación de recomendaciones para potenciarlo. Mediante un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo pionero, basado en datos estadísticos e información relevante de fuentes nacionales e internacionales, el presente estudio busca ofrecer una descripción más objetiva de la situación prepandemia del profesional boliviano de la música y de la industria musical en Bolivia en su conjunto. A partir de dicho análisis, propone los lineamientos de un Plan Nacional de Música para el Desarrollo en Bolivia, instrumento de política pública valioso en un contexto en el que un número creciente de países del mundo vienen asimilado con éxito los conceptos de “economía naranja” e “industrias creativas”.

Purpose Free and open-source software (FOSS) has been used worldwide because of the advantages of user control, cost-saving, flexibility, openness, freedom, more security and better stability. The purpose of this study is to explore the status quo of educational application of FOSS and the trends from international perspectives and its implications for higher education in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach The method of cluster analysis was used in this study. The Web of Science database was used as the data source and all relevant literature for the year 2010–2020 on the theme of “FOSS” was collected for analysis. The information visualization software CiteSpace was used for citation visualization analysis, revealing the research results of FOSS worldwide, including hot spots and development trends. Findings This paper found that FOSS has become an important research area and is playing an important role in the reform and development of education. Meanwhile, the development and application of FOSS have regional imbalances and strong differentiation, including the educational sector. The paper also found that although FOSS has entered the stage of interdisciplinary development, the research and development of FOSS in the field of education is insufficient, which poses a huge challenge to decision-makers, teachers and students. Originality/value Implications for higher education in Hong Kong including: attach importance to and vigorously promote FOSS research and practice to benefit more teachers and students; teachers and students need to be trained for acquiring the awareness and skills of FOSS applications and formulate different strategies; the government should provide greater support to formulate and implement a short and middle-term development plan to facilitate the application of FOSS; and Hong Kong higher education institutions may strengthen exchanges and cooperation with counterparts around the world to jointly promote the development of FOSS. It is hoped that the findings will provide a reference for the study and application of FOSS in higher education in Hong Kong.

The identification of research fronts and the setting of priorities is a significant challenge in science and policy. The Global Research Front cluster of scientific articles is united by co-citing in other papers at a particular time. SciVal (online platform for monitoring and analyzing international research using visualization tools and modern citation metrics, economic and social efficiency) has three subject areas: Clinical Medicine, health management, and public health. By the total number of articles and the share of the direction in the research area of InCites Citation Topics, determine the global research fronts: neuroscanning, immunology, diet, orthopaedics and psychiatry. Today, the world is witnessing large-scale scientific programmes aimed at understanding human beings and their health. Because of the growing burden of significant brain diseases worldwide, scientists need to find effective means to apply modern biotechnology fully and address current clinical medicine issues. The threats of infectious diseases and the development of new vaccines have reinforced the pronounced response of the Global Immunology Observatory and related products in the field of system immunology. The scientific communities have embarked on a comprehensive consultation that should lead to a global strategy on diet and diet, physical activity, and reducing musculoskeletal and musculoskeletal diseases. Orthopaedic surgeons are developing new procedures and technologies to optimize patient care based on a science-based approach. The scale of mental health problems is at the heart of the global health and development plan of the World Bank, WHO and other national and international organizations, highlighting the scale of these challenges and successes that can be achieved if we work together to solve them.

In the context of global emission reduction, as a type of clean and eco-friendly energy, natural gas has attracted wide attention. Accurate prediction of natural gas consumption can provide reference for relevant departments to formulate the corresponding development plans and strategies. At present, there are many forecasting tools for processing and analysing natural gas consumption, but most of them have the disadvantages of complex modelling or low precision. In order to solve this problem, inspired by the polynomial regression prediction model and the discrete grey prediction model, a novel polynomial discrete grey prediction model with fractional order accumulation (abbreviated as FPDGM(1,1) model) is established in this paper. In order to find the optimal parameters of the FPDGM(1,1) model, three most popular intelligent algorithms are used to solve the parameters of the model, and then the optimal parameters from the three intelligent algorithms are selected in this paper. In addition, the advantages of the FPDGM(1,1) model over other four forecasting models are confirmed through two parts in this paper. First, the natural gas consumptions of four municipalities in China are used as cases to verify the effectiveness of the FPDGM(1,1) model in this paper. Subsequently, the FPDGM(1,1) model and several kinds of frequently used forecasting models are applied to analyse and predict China’s natural gas consumption, and the FPDGM(1,1) model is used to predict China’s natural gas consumption in the next 5 years. The results of these two parts indicate that the FPDGM(1,1) model shows the best predictive performance in all cases. Lastly, based on the predicted results of the FPDGM(1,1) model, some reasonable suggestions are put forward for China’s natural gas development plan.

Senior citizens are an important sector in society. Some began their new career during the middle age and many continued a long legacy of productivity and passionate social service living a life of commitment. The aims of the study is to assess the senior citizen’s health and social services in Cebu City. The study uses quantitative and qualitative methods. A statistical computation was used to achieve an acceptable accuracy of findings and the qualitative research double-checks the quantitative research. Furthermore, the qualitative method was used to measure the data since it allowed the participants to give in-depth, detailed answers by personal interview. The Researchers explored the participant’s answers, thus clearing any ambiguity before analyzing and publishing the collected data. The study revealed that the level of implementation of social services for senior citizens was well implemented; The level of perception of health services for senior citizens were provided; The management of senior citizens office has the biggest financial appropriation; that there was no correlation between social services and the perception level since both were labeled not significant. To address the gap a substantial budget shall be allocated to the sixty (60) barangays of Cebu City to be incorporated in OSCA budget. A development plan was proposed as the output of the study.

This research was conducted based on the reality of the research problem, where economic activity in SMEs is in a threatened position due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the internal and external sides of SMEs, measure financial stability and lending to banks, analyze whether credit provision has been efficient or not in improving banking performance for SMEs. In addition, strategic policy measures are taken through a roadmap for developing competitive and sustainable SMEs. The research method used is a survey method. The data obtained were processed based on the principles of descriptive statistics, namely the analysis of Non Performing Loans (NPL) to determine the ratio of NPL and the average NPL. The time period used for analysis needs is 2019 and 2020. The results of the SWOT analysis, Non Performing Loans (NPL), effectiveness and efficiency, indicate that banks have not been effective and not efficient in disbursing credit. This needs to be a concern for banks in disbursing credit to SMEs, by providing easy administrative requirements for SMEs proposing credit, so that SMEs can have business capital for the development of competitive and sustainable SMEs. On the other hand, the results of the NPL calculation are below 5%, this shows a healthy banking performance, meaning that there are no bad loans, as a result of relaxation and stimulus from the Government to SMEs when SMEs experience a chaotic situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, a 5-year development plan was carried out, namely from 2020-2025, with the goal of strategic planning being competitive and sustainable SMEs based on e-commerce.

El presente artículo contiene un resumen de resultados del Programa Binacional de Educación Migrante durante la administración de Francisco Vega de Lamadrid, gobernador constitucional del estado de Baja California para el periodo 2014-2019, haciendo énfasis en los avances y limitaciones del plan de trabajo sexenal. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis de documentos oficiales con el propósito de establecer la congruencia entre las metas, estrategias y líneas de acción de las declaraciones internacionales con el plan nacional y estatal de desarrollo, así como con el plan de trabajo de dicho programa federal en esta entidad federativa. Adicionalmente, se realizó una búsqueda y análisis de notas periodísticas en medios locales de comunicación escrita y digital para conocer los informes emitidos y los acontecimientos celebrados por la coordinación estatal de educación migrante, en el mismo periodo de tiempo, como una aproximación a la evaluación del desempeño.

Introduction. Ecological environment is the foundation of social and economic development, and the coordinated development of social economy and ecological environment is one of the hotspots in urban sustainable development research. Traditional ecological economic measurement methods usually have problems such as difficulty in data acquisition and difficulty in pasteurization. In recent years, with the rise of global remote sensing technology, remote sensing has also been used to observe human social and economic activities. Remote sensing data have been created for the limitations of traditional statistical data with the advantages of being independent in the field of ecological and economic measurement. Methodology. This paper uses luminous remote sensing technique to obtain the visible-near-infrared electromagnetic wave information emitted from the surface at night under cloudless conditions and MODIS data combined with urban RSEI theory to quantitatively invert the ecological environment quality of the study area in 2019 based on a remote sensing perspective, taking a certain urban agglomeration in China as the research area. And it is continuous in time and space. Therefore, the coordination degree of remote sensing data should be fully explored in quantitative research. For proper analysis, regression was used. Research Content and Results. 2019 MODIS data were used to retrieve the six vegetation-related ecological environment factors in the study area and combine the urban RSEI theory to construct the remote sensing ecological comprehensive index of the study area, and the vegetation ecological environment quality and spatial agglomeration characteristics were evaluated. The results showed that vegetation coverage, leaf area index, total primary productivity, and surface moisture make positive contributions to the ecosystem of the study area. Based on the theoretical basis of coupling coordination theory, ecological economic theory, and sustainable development, we measured the degree of coordinated development between the social economic system and the ecological environment system in the study area from 2018 to the future period and combined the research results with the study area. The actual situation explores the practice path of benign coupling of the ecological economy. Conclusion. This paper is completely based on the research ideas of remote sensing data to measure the socioeconomic level and ecological environment quality and proves that remote sensing data and urban RESI theory are efficient and reliable new tools for the coordinated development of ecological economics. The research results can provide a development plan for urban agglomeration.

The nature and economic development of Indian urbanization is characterized by metropolitan domination and polarization. The country's total population increased from 361 million in 1951 to 1,027 million in 2001, while the urban population increased from 62 million to 285 million during the same period. From 23 megacities in 1991 to 35 in 2001, the number has increased considerably. Therefore, it is clear that there is a clear movement towards large cities, possibly as a result of a lack of employment opportunities in small and medium cities and a deficient urban infrastructure. In 1979, the centrally supported scheme for the integrated development of small and medium cities (IDSMT) began and continued through 2004-05 and was incorporated into the UIDSSMT scheme in December 2005. It is important to invest in the development of small urban centers in order to reduce migration to large cities as well as to support the growth of surrounding rural areas. Small and medium towns are generally viewed as a means of balancing urban hierarchy and reducing pressure on primate cities, moderate spatial inequality, and foster factors that may assist in reversing the trend. Kurduwadi city is one of them, such as improper or uncertain use of available land, rising unemployment and migration to cities, unsatisfactory development plans to improve urban development. In this context, through integrated planning, efforts have been measured to obtain the resources needed to achieve each goal and improve strategy. Also by allowing institutions to plan and collaborate in departments, they can create efficiency and pursue new opportunities and help reduce migration to nearby large and metropolitan cities by strengthening the Kurduwadi towns as regional growth centers. Establishing complementary links between nearby villages, towns and cities will create a harmonious settlement pattern. An integrated development plan for the Kurduwadi town reduces some of the ideological concerns and working uncertainties emerging around this initiative through this study. The assessment of integrated town development may be appropriate to determine the future orientation and guidelines for Kurduwadi town.

PurposePabna is suffering from waterlogging problems from ancient times. The previous Drainage Master Plan was failed due to the lack of reflection of the general people of Pabna Municipality. As a result, this study focuses on identifying the causes of waterlogging in people's eyes. This paper will help the local authority and planners eradicate the waterlogging problem and build a planned and resilient community.Design/methodology/approachBoth primary and secondary data were used for the study. Present drainage pattern, topology climatic elements were collected from the journals, websites and Municipal Ingratiated Development Plan (MIDP), Pabna-2008. The sample size was 246, and this respondent was surveyed. By the survey, the people's perception of waterlogging was collected. For that, five independent variables and one dependent variable were determined. These variables were determined by previous studies, reconnaissance survey of the study area. It used multiple linear regression and the correlation method; the causes of waterlogging were determined.FindingsThe study found solid waste disposal into the drainage, absence of operation and maintenance system, small discharge capacity with blocked in the current drains, nonappearance of combined drainage network of roadside drains and unplanned drainage system as the leading causes of waterlogging from the perception of the people. Also found that the absence of operation and maintenance system, solid waste disposal into the drainage and unplanned drainage system as the influencing causes on small discharge capacity with blocked in the current drains.Originality/valueThis study has focused on people's perceptions rather than secondary data. That is why this study will significantly impact eradicating the waterlogging problem from the Pabna Municipality and will carry out the core problems without any bias. This will lead to a sustainable, planned and resilient community.

Tanulmányunkban arra vállalkoztunk, hogy a magyar rendészetben zajló kompetenciafejlesztés irányait, lehetőségeit, jó gyakorlatait megvizsgáljuk. Az utóbbi évtizedekben a rendészetben és ezzel párhuzamosan a rendészeti képzésben egyértelműen megjelent a kompetenciaalapú gondolkodás. Tudományos kutatásra alapulva meghatározásra kerültek a rendészeti vezetői kompetenciák (Malét-Szabó, 2013), és erre épülve kidolgozásra került az új rendészeti vezetőkiválasztási eljárás, valamint ehhez kapcsolódóan megújult a rendészetivezetőképzés. A kompetenciafejlesztés másik fő állomása, melyet tanulmányunkban ki szeretnénk emelni, az egységes közszolgálati alapkompetenciák meghatározása (Malét-Szabó et al., 2018), illetve ehhez kapcsolódóan a rendészeti irányítói- és tehetségkompetencia-profilok megalkotása volt. Jól látható, hogy egy komplex kompetenciaalapú kiválasztási és képzési rendszer került kidolgozásra a rendvédelem vonatkozásában, mely alapul szolgált a Kétlépcsős Integrált Alkalmasságvizsgálati Rendszernek (továbbiakban: KLIR). A bevezetésre került új alkalmassági rendszerben 1 fontos elem lett egyrészt a KOMP rendszer által támogatott kompetenciavizsgálat, másrészt pedig az egyéni kompetenciafejlesztési terv. Mindezek pedig óhatatlanul szükségessé teszik a képzési, továbbképzési rendszerünk kompetenciaalapúságának további erősítését.

Increasing the production of clean and environmentally friendly energy has become one of the world agendas as a strategic effort in dealing with long-term climate change. Seeing the potential of the energy produced, the ease in the installation process, with the small risk of harm generated, solar energy has received significant attention from many countries in the world. The potential for solar energy in Indonesia alone reaches 207 GWp, but only 145.81 MWp has been utilized. Currently, the Indonesian government has set a target to build a Solar Power Plant capacity in 2025 of 6.5 GWh. Urban areas are areas with higher energy demand than rural areas, but the availability of vacant land in urban areas is very minimal for installing solar power plants. Therefore, rooftop solar PV(Photovoltaic) can be a solution in dense areas such as cities. Good planning by looking at the potential resources and energy needs in spatial is needed to manage and utilize energy optimally and sustainably in urban areas. This study aims to develop a geospatial assessment for plan smart energy city that uses rooftop solar PV's potential energy in every building that is effective and efficient. The novelty in the analysis of the distribution of the potential for rooftop solar PV development in urban areas integrates meteorological and spatial aspects and socio-economic aspects. Integration of multi-dynamic spatial data uses in determining the rooftop solar PV construction location, such as meteorological data for solar energy potential, increasing energy needs of each building, and socio-economy data. The data source used comes from statistical data and remote sensing data. The analysis will be carried out temporally (2008, 2013, and 2018) to see the pattern of changes in aspects used in a certain period so that the development plan can be carried out more optimally. This research's output is the formation of a priority analysis of solar PV rooftop construction in urban areas, especially the city of Bandung. The result of energy can also produce by the construction of rooftop solar PV in a potential area. This research is expected to be utilized by policymakers to develop renewable energy in the city of Bandung and increase community participation in switching to renewable energy.

Land use planning is a contributing factor in achieving better housing development in urban areas. However, the ineffectiveness during the preparation of development plans and its implementation through development control has given the impact on housing development. This paper presents a study on the effectiveness of housing planning and control activities. The best approaches to assisting its effectiveness among decision-makers and implementers in housing development were revealed. Thus, the study employs a qualitative method through in-depth interviews conducted among town planners. The study discovered the most important aspects are the availability of data in improving housing planning and control. Keywords: Land Use Planning; Housing Planning; Planning Control; Development Plan eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.3028

This study aims to describe in full and in depth the social reality and various phenomena that occur in the society which is the subject of research so that the characteristics, characters, traits, and models of these phenomena are described. The main issues in this study are 1. How is the welfare of scavengers and beggars in Palu City 2. What factors affect the welfare, psychological and financial of scavengers and beggars. 3 What is the strategy of the Palu City Social Service Family Welfare Consultation Institute in motivating the welfare of scavengers and beggars. This research is classified as qualitative with the research approach used is a normative and sociological approach, namely environmental interactions that are in accordance with social units, individuals, groups, institutions, or communities. The data source of this research is the people of scavengers and beggars. Furthermore, the data collection methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation. Then the data processing and analysis techniques were carried out through three stages, namely: data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. This study was carried out by checking the validity of the data with trigulation techniques. In an effort to improve people's welfare, these efforts cannot be separated from the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD). Based on this basis, the Palu City Social Service has adopted various policies to improve the welfare of the community, especially scavengers and beggars. In the study, it was found that the welfare of scavengers and beggars in Palu City by the Family Welfare Consultation Institute (LK3) is an increase in human and economic resources, by providing assistance in the form of rehabilitation and knowledge development to provide abilities to beggars and scavengers in Palu City. There are many factors behind the emergence of scavengers and beggars in people's lives. Based on the author's observations, the factors in the emergence of beggars and scavengers can be caused by 1. Poverty problems (Financial). 2 Educational problems. 3 Work skills problems. 4 Psychic Problems

The Korean government has recently implemented the energy transition ‘Renewable Energy 3020’ policy to expand dramatically renewable energy without adding nuclear and coal-fired power plants. This study provides an opportunity to use scientific analysis to investigate the ripple effects of the ‘Renewable Energy 3020’ policy, which expects renewable energy generation to reach 20% by 2030, and the policy enforcement of efficient energy transition. More specifically, the Wien Automatic System Planning (WASP) model has been used to verify the implementation of the long-term power development plan within specified constraints. In accordance with the methodology in the WASP-ΙV model, assuming that the ‘Renewable Energy 3020’ policy succeeds, additional charges of approximately 144 billion KRW by 2035 has been estimated. Therefore, a combination of continuous baseload power and variable renewable power plants can help to implement the ‘Renewable Energy 3020’ policy successfully. If technological and economic uncertainties related to renewable and nuclear powers are neglected, the second-best energy transition would need to be examined to promote an alternative energy policy, considering the technological innovation and the social consensus.

Objectives: We conducted research on 100 cases of Korean medical health promotion programs to determine how they work. The objective was to report trends in such programs and, by extension, to suggest a development plan for the Korean medical public health program.Methods: To research 100 Korean medical health promotion programs, we analyzed source data published by the Korea Health Promotion Institute in 2014-2018 using 10 criteria.Results & conclusions: Based on effective trends, the development of a Korean medical public health program requires the following options. First, we should complement the systems with related legislation and deal with Korean medical doctors who mainly participate in public health programs. Second, we should improve the infrastructure of the program with internal support from the Korean medical association and clarifying the legal basis of the national budget. Third, we should seek substantiality of public health programs. Korean medical doctors should actively participate in the program, and related agencies should support the public health care center for the development of Korean medical public health programs in which many people can participate.

Sustainable development is a concept that has started gaining importance in recent years. It helps reduce the environmental impacts of cities with dense human populations. On a smaller scale, social spaces, localities and institutions can be—in many ways—accurately representative of the cities they’re in. In other words, a place like a university campus can be considered a small city. Based on this point, this study was conducted to calculate the ecological footprint (EF) of Eskisehir Technical University (ESTU) campus and to determine the effects of the campus on the environment. The EF of the previous, current and future land use types within Iki Eylul Campus of ESTU was calculated using GIS software. The results showed that the major land use and land cover types in the study area were pasture, agricultural land and natural plant patterns in 1990, and most of them were converted into built areas—including the campus building. The change in EF due to this land use and land cover change was determined to be approximately 148,85 gha. However, when the land use and the campus user data for 2018 were included into the process, the EF of the study area was found to be 251,251.3 gha. Regarding the new structures and increase in the number of users in accordance with the campus development plan, it was determined that the EF of the campus area—barring any preventive actions—would reach 541,898.8 gha in the future. The current EF was calculated based on the artificial surfaces, energy consumption, transportation, waste production information; and determined that the highest EF value related to the electricity consumption. The total EF value of the campus in 2018 was 1148.2 gha.

This paper focuses on the analysis of the aviation industry machining technology transformation, and its current development status. The entire development plan for numerical control machine tool needs to be perfected, and the balance of numerical control technology development has to be strengthened. Additionally, the utilization rate of numerical control machines is relatively low; thus, raise the rate of equipment, numerical control, and numerical control equipment usage, and enhance the mechanical processing technology management task. Its aim is to improve aviation industry machining efficiency, which leads to a good development in China’s aviation industry.

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present selected results of a survey on the prospects for the development of electromobility in the context of Industry 4.0. A particular emphasis has been put on a precise analysis of consumer demand and social trends influenced by the IT and technological advancement. Approach/Methodology/Design: The survey used CAWI techniques and was implemented in a period of June-December 2020. The sample included 500 respondents from selected EU member states, including Poland, and the survey concentrated on the demand side. Findings: The importance of modern forms of mobility is expected to grow in the future. However, further promotion and development of electromobility in the context of Industry 4.0 remains an open issue. In the article, the authors point to the power generation technology which should prevail according to opinions expressed by representatives of the demand side and support the development of electromobility that will revolutionize individual transport. Practical implications: According to the survey, apart from the growing number of electric vehicles on the market, equally important is the development of charging infrastructure, since it is an indispensable component of electromobility. This is particularly important in the light of EU plans to develop electromobility based on Industry 4.0. Originality/Value: The study attempts to fill the gap in the literature. The experimental research approach can help to understand links between electromobility and its development prospects in the context of Industry 4.0. At the same time, it is the first attempt to indicate the energy technology which should be used in electric vehicles as a basis for the future mobility in the European Union.

This study aimed to describe the implementation of the preparation and determination of the Village Medium Term Development Plan and the Village Government Work Plan and the factors that influenced their preparation and stipulation. This research used an empirical juridical legal approach or sociological legal research, with a sociological juridical research type. The types of data in this study include primary, secondary, and tertiary data obtained through observation, documentation, interviews, focus group discussions, and conventional and electronic literature studies. The data were analyzed using qualitative juridical methods. The implementation of the preparation and stipulation of Village Mid-Term Development Plans and Village Government Work Plans in most villages was still “legally flawed and sociologically flawed”, starting from the formation of a compilation team, data collection, assessing potential and problems, aligning policy directions for district development planning, drafting designs, discussions, and the stipulation had not been implemented as instructed by the statutory regulation on villages. Factors that influenced the formulation and determination were categorized into factors that cause formal and material defects and factors that cause juridical-sociological defects. The factors that were causing formal and material defects include juridical, political, human resources, and community culture factors. The factors that were causing juridical-sociological defects include political, juridical, lack of facilities, technology, and culture.

Vietnam's logistics industry with an estimated total value of US $ 50-60 billion is currently growing rapidly (20 - 25% per year) and is expected to maintain double-digit growth for at least 5 to 10 next year, due to the breakthrough of the retail industry with high internet penetration and online shopping trends. According to the Vietnam E-Commerce White Paper 2018, the scale of the B2C e-commerce market was US $ 6.2 billion in 2017. Vietnam is one of the fastest growing e-commerce markets in Southeast Asia. With this boom, the demand for logistics in e-commerce ecosystem is huge. Analysis of the factors affecting electronic logistics allows proposing a strategic solution for the development of e-logistics services in Ho Chi Minh City, and what is urgent according the Logistics Development Plan of Ho Chi Minh City until 2025, with a vision to 2030.

College students are the foundation for China’s long-term development plan. The ideological and political education for higher vocational institution students is particularly important. This paper firstly analyzes the current situation of ideological and political education for students in higher vocational institutions. In addition to that, following the understanding of the main problems existing in this education, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis and systematic measures for improving the ideological and political education among students in higher vocational institutions.

To achieve impact, academics need to create personal impact development plans, focused on what and on whom to have an impact and the necessary competencies to do so. Profession and university leaders play a critical role in the successful implementation of such plans.

This article is about the short-lived space standards for urban housing in Turkey. Introduced in the 1960s, the standards were a crucial part of a policy that aimed to balance the housing demand and the development agenda by steering the market toward affordable housing. The Turkish state was not a significant actor in housing production. Nor had it ever before substantially intervened to regulate the housing market. The standards, however, exemplified a bold move stemming from a welfare and planning perspective. Although standards’ influence was curbed, the policy is important to address as it aimed to remedy a problem that continues today, namely, the disjunction between the housing provision and the means of the middle- and low-income groups. While a sixty-year-old policy does not provide immediate answers for today, it does offer insight into the history and context of some of the current housing issues.

2020 is the year of Covid-19, Indonesia feels the enormity of this pandemic in various aspects of development. The Indonesian economy during the year slowed down to minus 5.3 percent in the second quarter of 2020 and in aggregate growth was minus 2.1 percent in 2020. The target of development planning in the National Medium Term Development Plan (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah/RPJMN) 2020-2024 was revised through the updating of the Government Work Plan (Rencana Kerja Pemerintah/RKP) in 2020, with the main priority of overcoming Covid-19. Then development began to be intensified in 2021 to pursue national priority targets that were abandoned due to Covid-19. The 2020 State Budget allocates around IDR 937.42 trillion for the prevention of Covid-19, including the accumulated APBD (Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget) IDR 86.32 trillion, which makes the deficit financing for that year reach IDR 1,226.8 trillion. The Covid-19 pandemic control policy through Large-Scale Social Restrictions Policy (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar/PSBB) has had ups and downs, especially when coupled with the new normal policy. The Policy for Limiting Micro-Community Activities (Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat/PPKM) as a substitute for PSBB was implemented in early February and the parallel national vaccination program is expected to support accelerated development as outlined in the RKP 2021. In 2021, the Covid-19 pandemic is still high in the world, and the acceleration of development proclaimed by the government gets a stretch of road that extends to be traversed.

Malaysian Law stipulates the public society should be involved in development planning to assure thorough and comprehensive planning is made to fulfill the needs and aspirations of the society coming from multiracial and ethnicities. However, their knowledge about public participation in development planning is still in question. The participation is in fact a great opportunity for the society to play a part in shaping and influencing the objective and direction of future developments. Public participation is required in every stages of development planning such as Local Plan to ensure effectiveness of the planning system. Therefore it is crucial for the information concerning the publicity and public participation to reach targetted group through accessible broadcasting method that matched with present-day. This paper reviews their knowledge towards public participation programs. This quantitative study also discovers respondents' views on the method of information broadcasting through social media. The result shows their knowledge about public participation in planning process is considerately very low. Additionally, the study discovers that social media is highly influential among respondents where it should be used to increase public participation in development planning.

Conduct of clinical trials in babies, children and young people is often hindered by issues that could have been foreseen before the trial opened; that is, some clinical trials are often underprepared. In order to identify a good approach to trial preparedness, the European Network of Paediatric Research at the European Medicines Agency formed a working group. The Working Group included representation from regulators, industry, academics, paediatric clinical research networks and parents. The Working Group consulted widely about how to prepare for paediatric clinical trials. The Group’s detailed recommendations have been published (https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/preparedness-medicines-clinical-trials-paediatrics-recommendations-enpr-ema-working-group-trial_en.pdf). This paper is a summary of the key recommendations including the following: start early, preferably in parallel to designing the medicine’s development plan and individual protocols; identify the rationale and clinical need; listen to the perspectives of children and families, and of patient advocacy groups; identify how many people will be eligible for the trial; identify the resources needed, such as clinical facilities (including play therapy) and out-of-pocket expenditure by participants and their families; use all available data to estimate what is possible; present information about preparedness in a structured way; deploy proportionate resources to support the preparation of trials. A well-prepared, well-designed trial is likely to require fewer changes during its course, be run in a shorter time frame and achieve expected objectives., Clinical trials in children require careful preparation, or they risk avoidable delays. This report provides a structured approach to clinical trial preparation for paediatric populations, and includes practical suggestions to improve the process based on learning from industry, regulators, sites, and patient advocates.

The Regency that rich in the natural resources needs many stake holders to attract the investors to open new enterprises or collaborate the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). A map out procedure was carried ou to seek the natural resources as backbone of community development and business growth in Simalungun Regency of North Sumatra Province of Indonesia. Data collection was made by seeking the data of official documents and studies reports. Data obtained revealed that Simalungun Regency in 2019 and 2020 has a great economic growth in agriculture. It found that the sector of forestry, agriculture and fisheries in 2019 increases 6.15 % and in 2020 it grew 9 % . Beside it has registered 1,200 SMEs, it will make the increase of SMEs whenever the Agropolitan Development Plan set up within 5 years. Simalungun Regency has very huge natural resources that needed to be developed as an agropolitan area to support the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).

PURPOSE: The article presents selected research results concerning the Polish path of electromobility development. The subject of the research was to gain extensive knowledge about contemporary consumer attitudes. This goal was achieved by trying to identify the most important factors determining the choice of electric vehicles by the demand side in the Polish automotive market., APPROACH/METHODOLOGY/DESIGN: CAWI techniques were used in the study. The study was conducted at the turn of 2020 and 2020. The research sample included 1,000 respondents - current owners of conventional fuel vehicles., CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the share in the electric vehicle market is one of the pillars of the electromobility development program in Poland. The authors emphasize the essence of the relationship between consumers' attitudes towards electric vehicles and the willingness to buy them and continue to use them., PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study shows that the knowledge of consumer attitudes plays an important role in the development program electromobility in Poland. By verifying opinions about electric vehicles among their potential buyers., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The survey attempts to fill a gap in the literature on the subject. An experimental research approach may clarify the essence of the relationship between the development of electromobility and the attitude of consumers., peer-reviewed

This paper explores the structure of the seaport life cycle (SLC) of Malaysian container seaports to restructure the seaport development plan. Quadratic regression analysis is proposed to stratify the life cycle stages of seaports through the quantification of throughput volume, and forecast future growth patterns of seaports. The findings show that Port Klang, Penang Port, PTP and Kuantan Port are experiencing the growth stage in their seaport life cycles, while Johor Port is standing at the decline stage of the seaport life cycle. Penang Port and Port Klang are expected to continue growing until 2050. Meanwhile, PTP, Johor Port and Kuantan Port have entered the maturity stage in 2018 and are expected to move into the declining stage by 2050. This paper provides significant evidence about the need to establish a link between seaports and dry ports, and develop a symbiotic strategy to prolong the life cycle of seaports. Academically, this paper provides significant literature on Malaysian seaport cycles, which may be utilised for seaport development plans to cater to the demands of the domestic and global market.

Traditional training and funding mechanisms in academic health centers often do not support its faculty, staff, and trainees in evaluating and implementing innovative ideas, necessitating supplemental innovation programming. The University of Michigan (U-M) Frankel Cardiovascular Center partnered with U-M Fast Forward Medical Innovation (FMMI), a biomedical innovation and commercialization unit funded in part by the Clinical and Translational Science Award awarded to the Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, to provide training and resources to advance ideas toward impacting patients. The program recruited faculty, trainees, staff, patients, and family members from multidisciplinary backgrounds. Engaging patients and family members expanded the ideas generated and furthered clinical relevance. Over two years, 11 project teams completed an 11-week, 16-session course on innovation and entrepreneurship concepts that incorporated workshops to progress ideas and develop a pitch for development funding. An increase in knowledge was reported in key innovation topics, such as customer discovery, assessing markets, and intellectual property. Participants reported an increase in project preparation, including obtaining stakeholder support, preparation of a development plan, readiness to apply for funding, and filing invention disclosures. This program can serve as a model for implementing training and funding mechanisms to advance innovative ideas.

One of the major tasks in the reform of the National Natural Science Foundation of China during the new period is to sort out the knowledge system and optimize the discipline layout after finishing the adjustment of application codes. Based on the 14th Five-year Geosciences Development Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, we propose a new discipline layout for the geological sciences (GS) in China. GS should focus on the prior fields and core scientific questions of “Earth system sciences and deep earth, deep sea, and deep space”, and in their respective sub-disciplines. While preserving essential traditional codes within these disciplines, we suggested to obsolete or merge outdated codes and raise special attention to new-rising subjects or interdisciplinary. According to the sub-disciplines’ characteristics, the geological sciences could be divided into four categories, i.e., basic, applied, cutting-edge and interdisciplinary subjects, and technology supporting subjects. Under the Earth system sciences framework, the authors suggest focusing on the core of basic disciplines, enrich applied fields, expand the cutting-edge and interdisciplinary disciplines, strengthen technological support, and promote a balanced development of sub-disciplines. Based on the investigation results of the discipline strategy, important sub-fields and headings of the GS are proposed. The research done at the GS should broaden its international scope and actively answer the major national requirements, with particular attention to crucial scientific problems in social and economic development. In short, the DGS should centralize efforts on the basic scientific research and national strategic needs. Following the development strategy of the Earth system sciences and deep earth, deep sea, and deep space, the authors suggest that improvements of the research ways and methods in the field of geological sciences, interdisciplinary cooperation and integration, promotions of new fields and sub-disciplines are all necessary. It is suggested to focus on the Earth system sciences, and continue to modify and merge the subjects following the guide of “Grand Geology”. More important, the authors suggest utilizing the rich geological resources in China to promote the development of geological sciences, enhance the international cooperation, and accelerate constructing an open geological big data platform.

Development-education interaction can be seen clearly in development plans. This study aims at making inferences about educational administration from the educational sections of the development plans in Turkey since 1963. This study was carried out with a qualitative research method. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis approach. In this study, 11 development plans prepared since 1963 in Turkey were analyzed in terms of educational administration. Special expert commission reports prepared for development plans are included in the analysis. It was seen that the following points come to the fore in the context of educational administration: MoNE-based organization should be reviewed. The administrative processes should be implemented more effectively. Educational administration-environment interaction should increasingly be maintained. Arrangements should be made for the development and duties of educational administrators. For researchers, it can be recommended to conduct studies with different methods and studies on the problems between planning and implementation related to educational administration. For practitioners, it can be recommended to include educational administration experts in the planning process more and effectively, and include them in education plans more., Kalkınma- eğitim etkileşimi kalkınma planlarında açıkça görülebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç, 1963 yılından bu yana yapılmış kalkınma planlarındaki eğitim yönetimi bağlamında ortaya konan değerlendirmelerden hareketle eğitim yönetimine yönelik çıkarımlarda bulunmaktır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde, içerik ve betimsel analizden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada, 1963 yılından günümüze yapılan 11 kalkınma planı eğitim yönetimi açısından analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, kalkınma planları başta ekonomi olmak üzere tüm alanlarda nitelikli insan gücünün yetiştirilmesine önem vermektedir. Eğitim yönetimi açısından yönetim süreçlerinin, örgütler arası işbirliğinin, MEB’de yapısal değişikliklerin ön plana çıktığı ve özellikle son 4 kalkınma planında eğitim yönetimi alanında okul yönetimi, sürdürülebilirlik, yönetişim kavramlarından hareketle paradigma değişimine gidildiği göze çarpmaktadır. Çalışmayla ilgili olarak araştırmacılar için tüm planları kapsayacak şekilde farklı yöntem ve sayıda araştırmalar yapılması, planlama ile uygulama arasındaki problemlerin araştırma konusu yapılması önerilebilir. Uygulayıcılar için, eğitim yönetimi uzmanlarının planlama sürecinde daha fazla ve etkin bir şekilde katılması, eğitime planlarda daha fazla yer verilmesi önerilebilir.

According to the development plan for the Korea Space Launch Vehicle, a performance verification satellite will be installed in the launch vehicle in 2021. In addition, three payloads, including a ...

Land use suitability analysis plays an important role in sustainable land use and solving environmental problems caused by rapid urban development. A land use suitability mapping approach for town development planning in hilly areas was constructed based on two multi-criteria evaluation methods: Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA), to comparatively evaluate and map land use suitability of Tangshan new town in Nanjing, China. Fourteen evaluation factors related to topographic, environmental, socio-economics and historical sites data were used as suitability criteria. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and GIS techniques were integrated into the evaluation models to create the land use suitability map for town development planning. The results of WLC approach showed that 11.4% of the total area is highly suitable while the 48.6% is unsuitable. The results of WLC and OWA approach showed the distribution of degree of land use suitability is almost the same. The areas located at the southern and eastern flat regions are highly suitable for land use, whereas the areas close to the mountain forests, steep slopes, waters, and hot springs, have lower suitability for land use. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the suitability results of the two proposed methods are robust. Indirect validation was achieved by mutual comparison of suitability maps derived from the WLC and OWA methods. It demonstrated that the overall agreement is 90.81% and kappa coefficient is 0.81, indicating that both methods provide very similar spatial suitability distributions. By overlaying the resultant map with the previous master plan map of Tangshan new town, the overlay map once again indicated a satisfactory ecological fit between the two maps. At last, several recommendations are proposed aiming at improving the long-term town development plan for Tangshan new town.

In the paper the authors examined key Latvian economy indicators, specifically focusing on trends in development of aviation industry development. In particular, also attention was paid to passengers and cargo volume transportation dynamics, as well as to RIGA International Airport Development Plan through the year 2036. The authors compared operations of RIGA International Airport with available data from other leading Baltic Sea Region airports, specifically within 300 kilometres zone. Another requirement was, a competing airport had to be in the TOP 100 airports globally to be considered. KEY WORDS: RIGA International Airport, Baltic sea region, development plan. JEL CODES: M160, R110, R380 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v15i1.982

Over the past two decades, a new paradigm has emerged in the field of public management, which advocates place branding as a determining and impacting strategy of differentiation, recognition and commodification of places. The interest of this article is to approach the city branding strategy of the city of Casablanca, consecrated as being the first experience of its kind in Morocco and even in Africa. Thus, we will try to discover its operating mode, in particular by analyzing the instrumentalization process of the couple «identity/image» of the city for the purposes of attractiveness and competitiveness. We will also discuss the pillars on which this strategy is based, in particular through the operationalization of the city’s development plan 2015–2020, the deployment of its communication and the involvement of its various stakeholders.

This study attempts to analyze and simulate urban growth pattern of Colombo city in Sri Lanka which is a dynamic and rapid urbanizing region. The spatiotemporal urban growth patterns during 1997–2019 were first analyzed by comparing Land Cover (LC) maps for time intervals between 1997–2008 and 2008–2019 using intensity and growth pattern analysis. Urban lands in Colombo have grown in a faster rate during 1997–2008 as compared to 2008–2019 period. The prominent spatial expansion pattern during 1997–2008 is outlying, as opposed to edge expansion which is predominant during 2008–2019. These major urban expansion patterns were modeled to predict the future urban structure of Colombo in 2030 using FUTURES (FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation) model. FUTURES is a patch-based, multilevel modeling framework for simulating the emergence of landscape spatial structure in urbanizing regions. Simulated result generated from the model reveals substantial agreement with real ground urban changes showing a kappa value of 0.78. The model allows to predict three different scenarios, namely Business as Usual, Infill Growth and Sprawl showing over 100 km2 increase in urban lands by 2030. Predicted urban structure was then compared with proposed development plan. With certain limitations arising from available data, the model is effective in predicting possible urban scenarios and providing valuable inputs to support better decision making for sustainable development of Colombo city. The results demonstrated in this study would be useful in modelling urban growth in other cities and further validate the efficacy of the proposed workflow.

Rail passenger transport as the only mode of transport has the preconditions to form the essential axis of the integrated transport system and thus the basic framework of sustainable public passenger transport. In order to meet the preconditions, rail passenger transport must focus on research and innovation in the coming decades. Research and innovation must focus on these key areas: digitalisation and cost-effectiveness, automation of the railway system and Artificial Intelligence, sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions, intelligent RTV lifecycle management and enhancing RTV operability, integrating railways into the DOOR-TO- DOOR system (increasing the availability of rail transport services to customers) and security and protection (increasing customer safety and asset protection). Železnicna spolocnosť Slovensko, a.s., the national operator and the leader on the public transport market, aims at becoming a leader in research and innovation. ZSSK is currently implementing a number of projects related to these key areas. Within its strategy until 2030, ZSSK plans further activities in the key areas of research and development. The essential condition is the state support in the form of realization of the approved Strategic Transport Development Plan of the Slovak Republic until 2030 and elimination of the investment debt in the railway infrastructure and in the renewal and maintenance of RTV.

Information and communication technology has been accepted as a powerful tool that transforms education. The emergence of new and innovative uses of technology provides new approaches to science instruction. This descriptive study was conducted among the sixty-two faculty teaching science-related courses in the university. It aimed to determine the level of usage of interactive technology learning tools among the respondents and the barriers they encountered in using the tools. The result of the study revealed that the respondents use interactive technology learning tools in their science courses. The result showed a significant difference between respondents’ usage of interactive learning tools with age and number of years in teaching science courses while not significant with gender. The level of usage was ranked from often used to never been used by most of the respondents. No significant relationship was noted between respondents’ level of usage of the tools and barriers in using them. With the result of the barriers encountered by the respondents in using the interactive technology learning tools as to technical aspect, training, and support, and their views toward ICT usage, an ICT development plan was proposed to enhance the skills and knowledge in using interactive technology learning tools for the faculty to improve instruction.