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Dent disease is an inherited proximal renal tubulopathy leading to low molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria with nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis, and progressive renal failure. Two genetic mutations have been identified. The disease usually presents in childhood or early adult life and may be associated with other proximal tubular defects, which can lead to significant morbidity, especially in children. The disorder can extend to interstitial and glomerular cells, which contributes to progression to end-stage kidney disease. The pathophysiologic process remains incompletely understood, and no specific treatment is available. Dent disease is likely under-recognized. It needs to be included in the differential, especially in young males, presenting with recurrent kidney stones, proteinuria, and impaired renal function.

Les cellulites cervico-faciales d´origine dentaire sont des infections des tissus cellulo-adipeux, de la face et du cou, ayant des potentialites extensives pouvant parfois etre graves et engager le pronostic vital. La dissemination cervico-thoracique est favorisee par la parfaite continuite anatomique qui existe entre ces regions. Les premiers signes cliniques sont parfois frustres et peuvent conduire a un retard diagnostique. L´examen cle est la tomodensitometrie cervicale et thoracique. Le traitement consiste en un double drainage cervicale et thoracique associees une antibiotherapie dirigee contre les germes areo et anaerobies. Nous rapportons le cas d´un jeune patient de 30 ans, tabagique, presentant une cellulite cervicale d´origine dentaire compliquee de pyothoax.

This study evaluated the feasibility of assessing masticatory performance in infants and toddlers. Four groups of healthy children (n = 97, 42 girls and 55 boys) participated in the study: two study groups (SG) followed at 6, 8, and 10 months old (MO) or at 12, 15, and 18 MO, and two control groups (CG) of respectively 10 and 18 MO children. Masticatory performance was determined from children's ability to comminute a model gel during videotaped lab measurements. The gel was inserted in a mesh feeder and offered to the child for a 60s oral processing duration, then gel particles were collected from the feeder and photographed. Resulting gel breakdown was assessed from the characterization of the area and number of formed particles. Children strategy to orally process the gel (sucking vs. biting/chewing) was evaluated from video recordings. Children's compliance (acceptance of the feeder in the mouth for the expected duration) was average (51%) overall. It decreased from 1 year of age and was higher in SG than in CG. The number and area of gel particles formed under oral processing increased significantly with age, demonstrating an increase in children masticatory performance as they grew up. Median particles area was positively associated with sucking behavior and negatively associated with biting/chewing. The association with teeth emergence was not significant. In conclusion, the proposed method is relevant for quantifying the development of early masticatory performance in children who accept to hold the feeder in their mouth. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this article, a method to easily quantify masticatory performance in young children aged 6-18 MO was evaluated. The method is based on a feeder and could be used for collecting boluses, as an alternative to the chew-and-spit method when it is unfeasible. Children's compliance to the method and the impact of previous study participation on compliance to the protocol are detailed, giving thus a rationale for an optimal application of this method in future experiments. Finally, the determination of masticatory performance as a function of age thanks to this method could contribute to the understanding of food oral processing and food texture acceptance in childhood in future studies.

Dent is a common form of defect on oil and gas pipeline. Some dents will undergo elastic or plastic recovery due to changes in internal pressure, also known as springback. To analyze the springback law of an API X60 pipeline with a dent defect, the secondary development technology of finite element software ABAQUS was used for parametric modeling of a dented pipeline. Using this model, the effects of various factors (wall thickness, internal pressure, indenter size, dent location, and dent depth) on the springback coefficient of a dented pipeline were analyzed. The significance of each factor was analyzed by combining an orthogonal experimental design with the Grey correlation degree. Finally, nonlinear regression analysis was used to obtain formulas for the springback coefficient as a function of the influential factors. The results show that the springback coefficient of the dented pipeline after pressurization was between 0.15 and 0.65, and the factor that had the largest effect on the springback coefficient was the dent location. The springback coefficient of the dented pipeline after de-pressurization was between 1.1 and 1.5, and the factor that had the largest effect on the springback coefficient was the internal pressure. The formulas that relate the springback coefficient and various influential factors can be used as a reference for estimating the springback of dented pipelines.

Numerical investigation is conducted in this paper on both intact and dented seamless metallic pipelines (diameter-to-thickness ratio D/t around 21), deploying nonlinear finite element method (FEM). A full numerical model is developed, capable of predicting the residual ultimate strength of pipes in terms of bending capacity (Mcr) and critical curvature (κcr). The simulation results are validated through test results by using the measured material properties and specimen geometry. An extensive parametric investigation is conducted on the influences of material anisotropy, initial imperfection, friction of the test set-up and dent parameters. It is found that the structural response is quite sensitive to the frictions that have been introduced by the test configuration. For a pipe with a considerable dent size, the effect of manufacturing induced initial imperfection is insignificant and can be neglected in the FEM simulation. The material yield stress in the pipe longitudinal direction dominates the bending capacity of structures. In the end, formulas are proposed to predict the residual ultimate strength of dented metallic pipes under pure bending moment, which can be used for practical purposes. A satisfying fit is obtained through the comparison between the formulas and FEM methods.

International audience; As description of enamel microstructure in mammals is mainly performed through 2D sections, interpretations of its formation and development can be misinterpreted by neglecting the complexity of its 3D arrangement. ThroughSimulenam, a novel software dedicated to the simulation of enamel prisms, and an updated, integrative model of decussation formation, we managed to transform 2D observations of enamel sections into full 3D representations ofhippopotamoid enamel microstructure. This allowed us to reinterpret the 2D morphological characters of these taxa into geometric parameters and put a new light on how they evolved through time, with potential implications on their cellular origins – essential steps for furthering our understanding of enamel. Indeed, we also demonstrated that some of these characters could actually be non-homologous across taxa, and that there is at least two fundamentally different ways to produce enamel prism decussation in mammals.

Interaction of defects tends to intensify their crack driving force response compared to the situation where these defects act independently. The interaction between multiple defects is addressed in engineering critical assessment standards like BS7910 and ASME B&PV Section XI. Nonetheless, the accuracy of these rules is open to debate since all of them are based on re-characterization procedures which in essence introduce conservativeness. The authors have developed a fully parametric finite element (FE) model able to generate multiple notches in different topologies, in order to investigate their interaction effect. An experimental validation study is conducted to verify the FE model in terms of CTOD response and surface strain distribution. To that end, symmetrically and asymmetrically double edge notched tension specimens are tensile tested and their deformation monitored by means of 3D digital image correlation. In this study the CTOD is opted as a local criterion to evaluate the interaction between notches. These results are compared with an evaluation of strain patterns on a specimen’s surface, as a global interaction evaluation. Through this comparison a deeper understanding is gained to allow us to develop a novel approach to address flaw interaction. Moreover, the validation of the FE model allows future studies of interaction between other defect types (e.g., semi-elliptical, surface breaking) in plate-like geometries.

The influence of mechanical damage of the gas transmission pipelines on safe pipelines operation was researched in the article. The paper presents the main pipelines damage types with actual parameters and influence on operational parameters. The main pipeline Kaunas – Kaliningrad part, which was removed as no longer usable, was analysed. This damaged part was removed and changed to a new part by a responsible company. The hardness measurement and micro hardness measurement, chemical analysis, impact strength test, metallography analysis with an optical microscope were used in experiments. The analysed pipeline part was also regenerated by the computer software ANSYS, which works by the finite elements method. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama magistralinių dujotiekių mechaninių pažeidimų įtaka saugiam jų eksploatavimui. Darbe pateikti pagrindiniai vamzdynų pažeidimo tipai su jiems būdingais bruožais ir įtaka eksploataciniams parametrams. Ištirta magistralinio dujotiekio Kaunas – Kaliningradas dalis, kuri buvo pašalinta, kaip nebetinkama naudojimui. Tyrimams pasitelktas kietumo ir mikrokietumo matavimas, cheminės analizės tyrimas, smūginio tąsumo bandymas. Mikrostruktūros tyrimams naudotas optinis mikroskopas. Tiriamasis objektas buvo atkurtas kompiuterinės programos, veikiančios baigtinių elementų metodu, ANSYS erdvėje. Raktiniai žodžiai:defektas, dujotiekis, įlenkimas, išskaptavimas, liekamasis resursas, mechaniniai pažeidimai, vamzdynas.

L'epulis est une tumeur benigne de la gencive qui n'a aucun potentiel degeneratif. Le nom vient du grec, epi = exterieur et oulon = gencive. La tumeur apparait generalement comme une excroissance suite a une irritation locale chronique, ou des perturbations hormonales ce qui explique sa relative predilection chez la femme en periode dactivite genitale et la femme enceinte. Cliniquement elle se presente sous forme de masse charnue rouge fonce tres vascularisee, saignant facilement au contact, circonscrite sessile ou pediculee, Histologiquement, l'epulis distingue differentes formes : Epulis inflammatoire, a cellules geantes, fibreuse, gravidique, congenitale, granulomateuse, le traitement consiste en l'exerese chirurgical. Nous rapportons le cas d'une patiente de 46 ans qui consulte pour une tumeur de la gencive inferieure evoluant depuis 10 mois soit 6 mois du post partum ; l'interrogatoire n'a revele aucun antecedent particulier. L'examen clinique objective au niveau de la gencive inferieure une masse indolore, exophitique, en forme de framboise, ferme , sessile saignant au contact, avec un mauvais etat bucco-dentaire le reste de l'examen clinique etait normal ,une radiographie panoramique realisee etait sans particularite .les donnees cliniques et radiologiques etaient tres evocateur du diagnostic d'epulis .Ainsi l'exerese chirurgical avec examen anatomopathologique a confirme le diagnostic en montrant un tissu conjonctif, riche en bandes de collagene, peu cellulaire, richement vascularise, avec des vaisseaux hyperplasiques, a paroi epaissie. La cicatrisation etait bonne et la patiente etait suivie par la suite pour des soins dentaires.

International audience; An experimental and numerical study of early fatigue failure due to dents in EHL contacts is presented. Tests are conducted on a two-disk machine with different operating conditions. Disks are made of AISI 52100 bearing steel. The surface of one disk is smooth. The other one is initially indented by M50 steel powder using the procedure presented in previous papers (1), (2). The oil is a synthetic one qualified under the MIL-L-23699 specification The lubricant is cleaned during tests by using a beta(3 mu m) = 200 cleaning filter: An optical microscope and a profilometer are used to describe the dent evolution, as the tests are stopped at regular intervals. The test bench is described and the experimental procedure is presented. The role of sliding direction is underlined. Experimental results are finally compared with numerical calculations. It is shown that the spall starts ahead of the dent in the direction in,which the surface travels through the contact when the dent is on the follower surface, it starts behind the dent when the dent is located on the driver surface.

The eruption of the permanent incisor teeth of 14 farmed Javan rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) of known birth date and their live weights were observed about every 2 weeks from 12 to 30 months of age. The permanent incisor pattern was 11, 14–17 months; 12, 18–23 months; 13, 20–26 months; and 14, 22–27 months. There was no significant relationship between body weight and timing of permanent incisor eruption.

The paper presents an approach for fully-automatic detection and recognition of minor vehicle body damages in a scenario of frequently changing drivers, such as in the car rental or car sharing businesses. It utilizes a sensor network integrated into the vehicle body. The algorithmically contribution is the multi sensor-data fusion of the signals from these sensors and the subsequent reasoning framework stage. The present research assignment is the inclusion of additional information from the network of the vehicle's electronic control units. This additional information about the vehicle state (e.g. closed or opened door status, speed, changing fuel level) is used to verify the calculated damage events. The efficiency of a structural damage detection directly depends on the acoustical vehicle noise level. Additional structure-borne sound sources also introduce oscillations into the vehicle body (e.g. road and engine noise, opening and closing doors). Some of this information uses a central electronic unit for adaptive sensor data processing of the damage detection system. The higher confidence of correctly identified damages increases the credibility of the system.

The context of this paper is the German research project KESS (Konfigurierbares Elektronisches Schadensidentifikationssystem) funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. In this Project, an entire system from sensing structure-borne sound up to Car-2-Infrastructure communication for the minor damage detection of car sharing vehicles is under development. Therefore, the suppression of noise signals is essential for the further algorithms to classify minor damages. Minor damages in vehicle body parts create structure-borne sound which overlaps with additional oscillations of the vehicle. In the ordinary usage of vehicles, those additional oscillations are mainly caused by road and engine noise. Within this paper the differences of such noise signals and signals of structure damages will be described. Therefore, an analysis method to calculate spectrally decomposed envelope signals of structure-borne sound signals is given and the analysis results will be presented. A digital filter method to attenuate the majority of noise signals and to preserve the useful signals for the detection of minor damages will be given at the end of this paper. This digital filter method has been successfully designed and implemented into the algorithm of the sensor by using model based design techniques.