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Contrast enhancement is a primitive step in image processing application for enhancing the visual perceptibility which can be treated as the increase in gray level differences between background and foreground with suppression of noises. In literature, various methods have been proposed for contrast enhancement such as bi- histogram and two-dimensional histogram-based methods, etc. Among various methods, the suitable contrast enhancement algorithm should be chosen based on different applications. To find suitability, qualitative and quantitative analysis is also needed. The quantitative analysis can be done with the help of the various performance measures. In this paper, a complete taxonomy of performance measure for contrast enhancement has been discussed and analyzed for the CSIQ database. Among the various performance measures, it is found that Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE), entropy, contrast improvement index, and gradient magnitude similarity deviation (GMSD) are better in terms of the range of operation and the wide variation of low contrast images. It is interpreted that absolute mean brightness requires less time for computation and it is widely used by the researchers for quantitative analysis of contrast enhancement algorithm. This study provides a critical analysis of the several quantitative measures that validate the effectiveness of qualitative measures and motivates to propose an alternate measure that considers the strength of various measures discussed in the literature. These measures quantify the mean brightness shifting, contrast, and entropy preservation.

Background: Children of school going age constitute a highly vulnerable and important group. During their growing period, all the nutrients should be included in their diet. Breakfast provides important nutrients for growing children. Skipping breakfast among school children is erratic. Therefore, the study was undertaken to assess the role of breakfast consumption affecting nutritional adequacy among schoolchildren. Methods: During the period 2015-2016, total of 200 school children in the age group of 10-12 years studying in government and private schools of North Bengaluru, Karnataka were selected through random sampling techniques. The breakfast consumption pattern was assessed using questionnaire. Dietary intake in terms of food and nutrients was assessed through 24 hours recall method. To measure adequacy of nutrient consumption, the obtained data was compared with recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for specific age group. Result: Gender wise segregation revealed that 109 were boys (54.5%) and 91 were girls (45.5%). The breakfast skipping was found more in the children of government school compared to private school (73% vs. 37%). When compared with the breakfast consumers, skippers had lower mean intake of all the nutrients studied. Similar results were observed among girls as in boys. The study provided new information on specific meal pattern i.e., breakfast that may be potential determinant of dietary adequacy and dietary quality.

A distinct but complex relationship exists between climate, food, and nutritional security of human beings. Climate change impacts agriculture, livestock, fisheries, etc. reducing its productivity and yield leaving an adverse effect on the economic condition of the people, which in turn affects food availability, accessibility, and utilization. With increased food and nutritional insecurity, the nation is at risk of higher malnutrition. To address these insecurities, all sectors like agriculture, food, environment, health should join hands. Various solutions can be taken up for tackling the problems like diversification of agriculture, leading to diet diversification and introduction of innovative alternative nutritious food sources. Bringing into limelight the underutilized fruits, vegetables, cereals, and grains could help reach food and nutritional security. Blending indigenous knowledge and scientific understanding can pave ways to improve the utilization of existing resources. Value addition of empty-calorie food with food wastes obtained during processing such as vegetable and fruit peels, cereal brans, etc. can increase the nutritional quality of such food products contributing to nutritional security. To remove food and nutritional insecurities, nutrition education will render a helping hand alo with the capacity building of people.

An accurate evaluation of computed tomography (CT) chest images is crucial in the early-stage detection of Covid-19. The accuracy of a diagnosis is determined by the imaging modality used and the images' consistency. This paper describes a gradient-based enhancement algorithm (GCE) for CT images that can increase the visibility of the infected region. Using a multi-scale dependent dark pass filter aims to increase contrast while preserving information and edge details of the infected area. Joint occurrence between the edge details and pixel intensities of the input image is calculated to construct a cumulative distribution function (CDF). To obtain the contrast improved image, the CDF is mapped to the uniform distribution. The GCE approach is tested on the CT Covid database, and performance metrics like the contrast improvement index (CII), discrete entropy (DE), and Kullback-Leibler distance (KL-Distance) are used to evaluate the results. Compared to other techniques available in the literature, the GCE approach produces the highest CII and DE values and has more uniformity. To check the suitability of the enhancement algorithm in terms of pre-processing, a pre-trained AlexNet is employed for the classification of Covid-19 images. The finding shows an improvement of 7% in classification accuracy after enhancing the Covid-19 images using the GCE technique. Copyright © 2021 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

Urbanisation influences the nutritional status as a result of fundamental changes in food consumption patterns and lifestyle. The assessment of women’s nutritional status is of greater public health significance as they are more likely to suffer from malnutrition than men. A total of 300 middle-income households were selected from three areas representing different urbanisation stages. Anthropometric measurements, nutrient intake and prevalence of non-communicable diseases were studied among women in selected households. The findings revealed that under-nutrition was more prevalent among rural women (13.6%), while 34.9% of women in the rural–urban transition zone were obese. The highest proportion of women with increased waist-to-hip ratio was observed among the urban dwellers (58.7%). The per cent adequacy intake of fat (262.3%) and calcium (190.0%) was above the recommended dietary allowances, whereas iron (83.0%) and fibre (79.6%) did not meet the requirements. The share of women suffering from non-communicable diseases decreased from urban (16.0%) towards transitional (11.2%) and rural (10.2%) regions. Dietary intake tending towards high-fat and low-fibre foods is directly linked to the health and nutritional status of women in the rural–urban interface of Bengaluru.

Image enhancement is a crucial pre-processing technique for image processing applications such as satellite images, medical images, and aerial surveillance systems. The image enhancement aims to produce visual content of the image in more pleasing and more suitable for machine vision applications. Enhancement of image can be improved by either increasing the contrast of the image with a low dynamic range or by highlighting the prominent details of the image. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of bi-histogram and two-dimensional histogram equalization-based contrast enhancement techniques is performed. The performance of the various algorithms has been validated through three different databases and various performance measures. From the compendious analysis, it can be interpreted that modeling an algorithm with lower absolute mean brightness error (AMBE) and higher contrast values can render a better-enhanced image. From the qualitative and quantitative analysis, edge enhancing bi-histogram equalization using guided image filter outperforms the other contrast enhancement techniques.

Image enhancement is essential for any image processing applications. The objective of image enhancement is to reveal the hidden information which is not available for the purview of the observer due to the presence of low and poor contrast during image acquisition. The quality of the image can be raised up by increasing the contrast. Contrast enhancement has found a prominent application in various fields such as medical, satellite imaging systems owing to its better visibility of the features. In this paper, a comprehensive survey on different contrast enhancement techniques exclusively on spatial domain is presented and compared. The survey illustrates that brightness preservation, entropy preservation, structural information loss etc., are to be catered during contrast enhancement. To validate the algorithm in terms of both qualitative and quantitative means, the researchers have used various performance measures. Among all the performance measures, entropy finds the benchmark for evaluation of the algorithms. Different databases are used by researchers to analyse the performance of their algorithms, where as USC-SIPI database finds prominence in usage.

BACKGROUND: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is one of the common potentially malignant disorder prevailing in India. The primary etiological factors include tobacco and are canut which contain numerous Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The imbalance between ROS and antioxidant status creates oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species attack guanine bases in DNA and form 8-Hydroxy Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) which can be detected in patients who have diseases associated with oxidative stress. The oxidative DNA damage produced by oxidative stress may induce malignant transformation. The aim of the present study is to detect the expression of 8 -OHdG in OSMF and compare the expression within the different grades and normal oral mucosa. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the Immunohistochemical expression of 8-OHdG in oral submucous fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 samples were examined for the immunohistochemical expression of 8-OHdG. The control group includes 10 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of normal buccal mucosa. The study group includes 20 cases of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of oral submucous fibrosis (5cases of very early, early, moderately advanced, advanced cases of OSMF). 3 micron thickness sections were made from each sample and stained with 8-OHdG antibody. The expression is scored and analysed statistically. The results were statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann - Whitney U test. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference exists in the intensity of 8-OHdG expression between the study groups. Increased intensity in the oral submucous fibrosis samples were observed when compared with normal mucosa. The p value obtained was less than 0.001 which was highly statistically significant. Staining intensity was also compared with different grades of OSMF, the p value obtained was less than 0.01 which was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our present study is the first attempt to evaluate the expression of 8-OHdG in tissue samples that revealed the role of free radicals and oxidative DNA damage which enhances the initiation and progression of Oral submucous fibrosis. Further research with a larger sample size, clinicopathologic correlation and long term followup will shed more light on the pathogenesis of Oral submucous fibrosis. It will also be useful for the development of new therapeutic stratergies targeting treatment modalities for the oral submucous fibrosis.

The study was undertaken on the nutritional status of rural women in Heggadehalli of Doddaballapur taluk and Venkathalli of Devanahalli taluk in Bengaluru rural district with the sample size of 200 respondents. Mean anthropometric measurement of rural women was 153.8 cm of height, 46.8 kg of weight. In comparison with the mean BMI standards, it was observed that 20 percent of women were undernourished, 64 percent of women were normal, and 16 percent of women were obese. In comparison with the mean waist/hip ratio with standards, it was observed that 84 percent were in normal category and 16 percent were obese. Education, land holding, income, and age had a significant positive association with anthropometric measurements of rural women. The deficient level of hemoglobin existed in 53 percent of rural women, low in 20 percent and only 27 percent had an acceptable level. The occurrences of morbidity symptoms were higher in rural women.

This study has focused on the functioning of 10 SHG’s located in Venkatahalli and Heggadehalli villages of Bangalore rural district comprising of 200 farm women mainly belonging to marginal and landless category with age group of 18-35 years. The women members of SHG’s were found to save a portion of their meager income and pool that money for lending among them at an interest decided by the group. A close look at the pattern of lending revealed that large part of the credit was used for improving the sustainability of their agriculture and economic status as the loans were availed for crop cultivation, purchase of milch animals and sericulture activities. Majority of the rural families were non-vegetarians by habit; animal based foods were consumed twice a week by 49 per cent of the families. It was observed that majority of the rural families consumed 3 meals per day and only 18 per cent of the rural families consumed 2 meals per day. The diet of the rural families was monotonous, lacking variety and they care more for bulk rather than quality of the diet. Nutrient intake of rural farm women was compared with Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). The intake of all nutrients viz. energy, protein, fat, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and â-carotene were low except for calcium. The per cent adequacy of nutrients was inadequate.

Background: Cancer is one among main causes of morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries. The World Cancer Report 2014 of World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), states that in 2012 the global incidence of cancer increased to a 14 million new cases, the figure expected to rise to an annual 19.3 million by 2025. The prescription pattern of anticancer drugs has evolved considerably in recent years because of better understanding of underlying pathophysiology of carcinomas as well as introduction of newer drugs. Methods: It was a hospital-based prospective, cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Oncology, GGH, Kakinada for a period of twelve months from February 2017 to January 2018. A total of 100 patients were enrolled using convenience sampling technique. Patient demographics like age, gender, educational level, employment status, marital status, smoking category, alcohol consumption, stage of cancer was collected. Drug utilization pattern was obtained from inpatient case reports, prescriptions and medication charts used during a chemotherapy cycle.Results: Among all anticancer drugs, cisplatin and 5-flurouracil were most commonly prescribed followed by Adriamycin. The most commonly used adjuvant drugs were B-complex, diclofenac, granisetron, ranitidine, dexamethasone. Antibiotic use was found to be very limited.Conclusions: Various anticancer drug prescription patterns are being used for treatment of patient with metastatic cancers. In this study, cisplatin and 5-flurouracil were commonly used. Injudicious antibiotic prescribing was not observed.

Background: Stroke, as a one of the leading causes of mortality and disability, is also very preventable and curable disease. Pharmacotherapy plays an important role in prevention of first-ever stroke as well as secondary cerebrovascular accident. We aimed to evaluate the prescription pattern in cases of ischemic stroke and to check whether rationale prescription of drugs in ischemic stroke patients is being followed in our hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in inpatient department of general medicine in government general hospital, Kakinada for a period of six months from April to September 2018. A total of 306 prescriptions of ischemic stroke were selected randomly and prescriptions patterns were assessed and analyzed.Results: Out of the 306 cases, 183 were males (59.80%) and 123 were female (40.19%). Aspirin was given in 88.23% of the patients, Atorvastatin in 97.05%, Clopidogrel in 24.50%, antihypertensives in 67.64%, B complex in 88.23%, Pantoprazole in 85.29% of the patients. Physiotherapy was advised in 47.05% of the patients. Among anti hypertensives, Amlodipine was given in 73.91% patients.Conclusions: Anti hypertensives, lipid lowering agents like Atorvastatin along with anti-platelet drugs like Aspirin and Clopidogrel were commonly prescribed for ischemic stroke cases for treatment and secondary prevention. Antacids and Multivitamin tablets were given as concomitant drugs. Present study showed a rationale utilization of drugs in ischemic stroke patients.

Rice is the major cereal food crop in the world. The predicted 2–4 °C increment in temperature by the end of the twenty-first century and the occurrence of drought coupled with high temperature stress situation poses a threat to rice production. There is a wealth of unexplored rice germplasm and landraces which show significant genetic variation in response to temperature stress. Hence, the present study was designed to develop a rapid screening protocol based on the principle of “acquired tolerance” in which seedlings were subjected to a gradual temperature increase from 38 to 48 °C for 3 h (induction treatment), immediately followed by challenging at 54 °C for 3 h. Among the landraces, Apo and Norungan showed a mortality of 12 %, coupled with a less reduction in percent root and shoot growth when subjected to induction treatments. Thus their intrinsic thermo-tolerance was found to be comparable with that of N22. The physiological basis of thermo-tolerance in these lines was further confirmed, as these lines recorded a higher chlorophyll stability index and a strong antioxidant enzyme system with lesser lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde content values. Finally, TIR studies revealed that, apart from N22, landraces such as Apo, Norungan, Ottadiayan and Vellaikudaivazhai can also be used as new sources of donors in breeding programmes to overcome combined drought and temperature stresses.

Happiness is often equated with a form of mood or emotion. The term is often confused with the word satisfaction; both these terms are used simultaneously by many authors. The Psychologists attribute happiness as positive emotions in psychology. The factors of happiness and satisfaction at the workplace are a debatable issue. The happiness is the outcome of workplace practices or policies.The present study was conducted with the objective of testing the level and influence of intrinsic, extrinsic and work life issues of happiness on faculty with three years experience drawn from STEM branches in a NAAC graded private higher education institute. The happiness factors were categorized into intrinsic factors with items associated with self-esteem, self-actualization which derives happiness to the individual from inner self, extrinsic factors with items as compensation, work environment, health and work-life issues with connected with flexibility, adjustment and counseling between work and family which derive happiness to the individual at the work place. The three factors of happiness i.e. intrinsic, extrinsic and work-life issues were analyzed with profile and employment factors by applying mean analysis and ANOVA statistical techniques. The happiness at workplace is derived from all the three factors i.e. extrinsic, intrinsic and work life. The age as a factor of happiness at the work place is a significant factor. The work-life issues are important during the early period of employment and extrinsic are more important at advancing age. The choice of faculty as a profession is due to flexibility and happiness of faculty can be improved by providing flexible timings in the Organization.

Scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLOs) can be used for early detection of retinal diseases. The advantage of using SLO is its wide field of view, which can image a large part of the retina for better diagnosis of the retinal diseases. On the other hand, during the imagining, process, artefacts such as eyelashes and eyelids are also imaged along with the retinal area. This brings a big challenge on how to exclude these artefacts. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automatically extract out true retinal area from an SLO image based on image processing and machine learning approaches. To reduce the complexity of image processing tasks and provide a convenient primitive image pattern. We have grouped pixels into different regions based on the regional size and compactness called super pixels. The framework then calculates image based features reflecting textural and structural information and classifies between retinal area and artefacts. The experimental evaluation results have shown good performance with an overall accuracy of 92%. But to get more accuracy the study was extended by using texture analysis (surface quality)to detect more feature extraction. By this study we hope in Future we can measure the properties of images(contrast, homogeneity, entropy, correlation).

Processing of ripe mango fruit, generates its peel and seed as waste, which is approximately 40-50 % of the total fruit weight. Present study was undertaken to process mango seed kernel and to study its nutritional value. Mango seeds of Totapuri variety were procured from local food processing industry. Kernels were separated from seeds and processed into flour through various processing steps. Particle size distribution of the flour was studied. The Mango Kernel Flour (MKF) was subjected for chemical analysis. The nutrients analyzed for mango kernel flour were moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, ash, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, manganese, copper, zinc and iron by standard methods. Carbohydrate and energy contents were computed. Mango kernel oil was extracted by solvent extraction method. Results revealed that recovery per cent of mango kernel flour was 80.6 and maximum flour particles passed through 60 mesh. MKF is good source of protein (7.53 g/100g), fat (11.45 g/100 g) and energy (421 k.cal /100g). It also contains appreciable levels of calcium (170 mg/100g), magnesium (210 mg/100g) and potassium (368 mg/100g) which are important macro minerals required for vital functions of the body. Oil yield from mango kernel flour was found to be 11.5 per cent which was studied for selected physical and chemical properties.

Aim: The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate Langerhans cell (LC) in lichen planus (LP), lichenoid mucositis (LM) and normal mucosa (NM) using CD1a monoclonal antibody immunohistochemically. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 cases of oral lichen planus and 15 cases of LM were selected based on clinical examination and confirmed by histopathological analysis. The biopsies from the 10 patients were taken from normal buccal mucosa as control. Paraffin blocks of tissue were made, which are used for routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining using biotin streptavidin methods (CD1a monoclonal antibody). Analysis of CD1a expression was performed by evaluating the labeling index (LI) for each slide. Results: The mean CD1a LI for LP was significantly higher than that of LM and NM in the basal and supra basal layer. The mean CD1a positive cells in the connective tissues for LP were higher than that of LM and NM. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates a statistically significant increase in number of LC in LP than in LM, indicating the possible different immunopathogenic mechanisms.

In this paper, we employed Naïve Bayes, Augmented Naïve Bayes, Tree Augmented Naïve Bayes, Sons & Spouses, Markov Blanket, Augmented Markov Blanket, Semi Supervised and Bayesian network techniques to rank web services. The Bayesian Network is demonstrated on a dataset taken from literature. The dataset consists of 364 web services whose quality is described by 9 attributes. Here, the attributes are treated as criteria, to classify web services. From the experiments, we conclude that Naïve based Bayesian network performs better than other two techniques comparable to the classification done in literature.

Objective: The present study aimed at assessing the nutrition knowledge of the stone cutters at Davanagere district of Karnataka state. Methodology and Statistical Analysis: The questionnaire inclusive of 30 statements related to basic health and nutrition concepts was developed and pre-tested to assess the knowledge of stone workers (Male: 60, Female: 60) at Davanagere district of Karnataka in India.After the nutrition education programme for a month, the post test was conducted by using the same questionnaire. The nutrition knowledge was classified as low, medium and high level based on mean and standard deviation. Findings: The findings revealed that the higher per cent of stone cutter (45.83 %) had low knowledge, followed by 32.50 per cent stone cutter in the medium level and only 21.67 per cent had high knowledge before the intervention. There was a drastic change observed after the intervention. The stone cutters in the low level group were reduced to 25.83 per cent whereas increase in the knowledge level was observed in the medium and high level groups after the intervention (46.67 % vs. 32.50 % and 27.50 % vs. 21.67 % respectively). The chi-square test showed significant difference at one per cent level. Majority of the respondents (56%) had medium level of knowledge in respect to nutrition practices. Conclusion: There was improvement in the nutrition and health practices were observed among male and female respondents after the education provided.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in many developed and developing countries of the world. It has thus become major public health problem in the world. Nearly 35-40% of cancers in India are related tobacco chewing. The present study was conducted at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore and Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bangalore. The subjects of the study were totally 150 from both the hospitals. An attempt has been made to determine the risk factors for oesophageal cancer. The results showed that smoking was high (90.8%) in case of males followed by alcohol consumption (57.4%) while in females chewing betel and tobacco was higher (84.1%) than male subjects (45.9%). Majority of the patients were non vegetarians (previously) and 96.5 per cent of males and 93.6 per cent of the females were vegetarians. Regarding different stages of dysphagia majority of the patients in both (57.3%) were suffering from dysphagia stage III and 38% of the patients in both were suffering from dysphagia stage II and only 4.6% of the patients in both cancer were suffering from dysphagia stage IV. The mean intake of nutrients in both male and female patients were much below the RDA except for calcium. There was a significant difference at 1% level for all nutrients except calcium. The mean per cent adequacy for all nutrients were very less except calcium. Hence, it can be said that tobacco chewing, smoking and alcoholism are the major risk factors. Among alcohol users, smokers and chewers, majority of the patients had BMI less than 16 (CED grade III) i.e., 20.6, 29.8 and 26 per cent respectively when compared to non alcoholics, non-smokers and non-chewers.

KEYWORDS Cancer. Disease. Underdeveloped Countries. Tobacco ABSTRACT Cancer is the most dreaded disease and is the second leading cause of death in many developed and underdeveloped countries of the world. It has thus become major public health problem in the world. Nearly 35-40% of cancers in India are related tobacco chewing. The present study was conducted at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology and Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bangalore. The subjects of the study were totally 150 from both the hospitals. Intervention was carried out by feeding finger millet (Eleucine coracana) malt for 30 days to see the impact on Body Mass Index (BMI) and serum nutrients. Regarding different stages of dysphagia majority of the patients in both (57.3%) were suffering from dysphagia stage III and 38% of the patients in both were suffering from dysphagia stage II and only 4.6% of the patients in both cancer were suffering from dysphagia stage IV. The mean dietary intake and percent adequacy of nutrients in both male and female patients were much below the RDA except for calcium. There was a significant difference at 1% level for all nutrients except calcium. After the intervention the mean weight, BMI and serum nutrients were increased in experimental group and decreased in control group (hospital diet). Statistically it was found non-significant for BMI and serum nutrients. Thus, the study concludes that feeding the patients with enriched finger millet malt has improved their nutritional status.

Orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst (OOC) denotes the odontogenic cyst that microscopically has an orthokeratinised epithelial lining. OOC is characterised by a less-aggressive behaviour and a low rate of recurrence. This report describes a case of OOC involving posterior part of the mandible that mimicked periapical cyst in a 14-year-old boy. The initial clinical diagnosis was given as periapical cyst based on the clinical and radiographical features. Enucleation of the cyst was performed and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. A definite diagnosis of OOC was made by histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen. This case emphases on including OOC in the differential diagnosis of radiolucencies occurring in the periapical region of non-vital tooth.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is widely regarded as the commonest soft tissue sarcoma of adulthood which tends to occur in the deep soft tissues of the extremities and the retroperitoneum. Uncertain histogenesis and numerous subtypes make MFH a rather controversial entity. These tumours are relatively rare in the head and neck region accounting for only 1–3% of all cases of MFH. MFH exhibits a heterogenous histology of spindle cells in a characteristic storiform pattern with pleomorphic tumour cells and giant cells. A case is reported of an MFH of the gingiva in a 60-year-old woman who presented with a painful swelling originating from the left maxillary gingiva. The clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings are discussed.

Internet address lookup is a challenging problem because of the increasing routing table sizes, increased traffic, higher speed links, and the migration to 128 bit IPv6 addresses. Routing lookup involves computation of best matching prefix for which existing solutions scale poorly when router traffic increases or when employed for IPv6 address lookup. Our paper describes a novel parallel ternary search based prefix matching (PTSPM) scheme with reduced collision for IPv6 routers. This approach employs multiple hashing on reduced number of hash tables on which parallel ternary search (PTS) on levels is applied. This scheme handles large number of prefixes generated by controlled prefix expansion by reducing collision and distributing load fairly in the hash buckets thus providing faster worst case and average case lookups. The approach we describe is fast, simple, scalable, parallelizable, and flexible.

Packet classification is a central function for a number of network applications, such as routing and firewalls. Most existing algorithms for packet classification scale poorly in either time or space when the databases grow in size. The scalable algorithm Aggregated Bit Vector (ABV) is an improvement on the Lucent bit vector scheme (BV), but has some limitations such as large variance in performance, rule mapping back and preprocessing cost. Our paradigm, Parallel Aggregated and Folded bit vector (PAFBV) seeks to reduce false matches while keeping the benefits of bit vector aggregation and avoiding rearrangement. This model also uses multi-ary trie structures to reduce the seek time of bit vectors and thereby increasing the speed of packet classification. The objective of this paper is to propose a scalable packet classification algorithm with increased speed for even large database size for IPv6 addresses

Aberrations in root canal systems are a commonly occurring phenomenon. Knowledge of the basic root canal anatomy and its variation is necessary for successful completion of endodontics. Maxillary second premolars usually have one root and one canal. The occurrence of these teeth having three roots and three canals is very rare. Three such cases of maxillary second premolar with three roots and three canals are presented here.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cell origin. It often has a multicentric origin within the bone. It makes about 1% of all malignancies and 15% of all hematologic malignancies. There is a monoclonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells in this disease that arise from a single malignant precursor that has undergone uncontrolled mitotic division. These cells in turn produce one type of immunoglobulin light chain, either kappa or lambda. Unifocal, monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells is called plasmacytoma. Hereby, we present a case of a 65-year-old female patient who presented with a swelling of the mandible. The uniform sheets of plasma cells in the histopathology punched out radiolucencies in skull radiograph and the blood picture of anemia and hypercalcemia, confirmed the case as MM.

Pigmentations are commonly found in the mouth. They represent in various clinical patterns that can range from just physiologic changes to oral manifestations of systemic diseases and malignancies. Color changes in the oral mucosa can be attributed to the deposition of either endogenous or exogenous pigments as a result of various mucosal diseases. The various pigmentations can be in the form of blue/purple vascular lesions, brown melanotic lesions, brown heme-associated lesions, gray/black pigmentations.

Shareholder value creation has become the trait of corporate dialect. The LPG era has made a drastic change in the financing policies of the corporate firms warranting a redesign in their capital structure. Leverage plays an essential role in framing the capital structure. The focal gain of the insertion of fixed cost funds in the capital structure has a domino effect on higher profits. The textile sector is a capital intensive sector, where a greater emphasis has been given in framing the capital structure. In this backdrop, the present study made an attempt to examine the impact of leverage on profitability and shareholder value creation in the Indian textile sector for the period from 1995-96 to 2009-10. A panel data approach was applied to analyze the data. The study revealed that leverage had a significant influence on profitability, and the sector has to concentrate on enrichment of shareholders' wealth.

The aim of the study was to measure the level of depression among college students pursuing four different academic courses. The academic courses include professional course from B. E (Computer Science and Engineering) and B. Tech (Information Technology) and non – professional course from B. Sc (Computer Science) and B.Com. They were in the age group of 17 and 20. The tools used for the study were Beck Depression Inventory by Aaron T. Beck. The main study consisted of four groups with 30 students in each. The results were statistically analyzed using chisquare. The results showed a significant difference only with respect to the groups differing in course of study.

The aim of the study was to find out the style of coping in college students. They were in the age group of 17 and 20. The tools used for the study was Coping Style Questionnaire by Sultana and Charumathy. The study consisted of 120 students. The results were statistically analysed using chi-square. The results showed that no significant difference was observed in respect to demographic characteristics in the style of coping.

The heat pipe is an innovative engineering structure characterized by its capacity to transfer large quantities of heat through relatively small cross-sectional areas with very small temperature differences; it also possesses high thermal conductance and low thermal impedance. In recent times, heat pipes in various forms and designs have found a wide variety of applications. This paper briefly presents the basic concepts of heat pipes, recent innovations in design and their applications.

The main aim of this research is to apply the functional finishes to denim garments to enhance the value of the garment. The fabric selected for the research is 100% cotton with the construction of 2/1 Right Hand Twill. The selected fabric was made into garments (A-line frock) and subjected to de-sizing and enzyme washing and then the garments were treated with two different synthetic scents sweet citrus and rose oils to induce fragrance. The garments were also tested for the efficacy of anti-microbial, antifungal, UV protection, stain repellency and mosquito repellency finishes. The results have proven very good sense of functional finishes on to the garments in conjunction with a sweet fragrance. Two different methods – dip dry and micro encapsulation methods were chosen for the study and the fastness property of the finishes were compared. The treated garments were evaluated using AATCC standards. Keywords: fragrance finish; anti-microbial finish; anti-fungal finish; A-line frock; enzyme washing. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/diujst.v7i1.9649 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.7(1) 2012 59-66