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White vinegar is mildly acidic with a pH of 2-3 that has long been used as a relish and traditional medication that depends on its concentration. Yet even a small amount of white vinegar in a small concentration may cause serious poisoning. Recently, many sorts of white vinegar have been developed using fundamental sources and technologies to satisfy customer needs. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats. Thirty female rats were used, they were divided into three groups, group 1 was given distilled water as the normal control group, group 2 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (5 %)) and group 3 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (10 %)) for two weeks. PAS stain in all treated tissues showed a decrease in carbohydrate contents when compared with the control group. In conclusion, white vinegar consumption has adverse effects on carbohydrate contents in hepatic and renal tissues in rats, hence the quantity of white vinegar should be discouraged or reduced.

E-marketing is part of e-commerce which is a trading system through the internet, where the internet will continue to provide an up to date nature, so the company can provide product information services offered clearly and easily. This will have a good impact on the progress of the company if this system can be run properly. E-marketing is widely done to improve the company's brand image because it makes the company always remembered by its customers. E-marketing provides more convenience and benefits for the company, customers and business partners of the company. Seeing marketing media that are still conventional, it is built online responsive web design applications as a support for marketing media by using prototype methods. The purpose of this research is to analyze the strategy and design of e-marketing websites that are in accordance with the company and can meet customer needs, as a support for marketing media and make it easier for customers to obtain information about existing products. The conclusion is that companies should use the internet as their marketing medium by creating a company website, so that the products and information offered can be easily and quickly obtained by the public

This case study conducted to investigate the impact of a responsive leadership approach in meeting customers' needs in a higher education institution in the UAE during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a mixed-method model has been used. The data has been collected from a convenient sample working and studying at Al Qasimia University Language Center, in fall 2020. This result indicates that the provided responsive leadership support during COVID-19 was effective and helped in motivating learners and customers to keep learning and making progress greater than what was shown before COVID-19, during the face-to-face teaching and physical assessment. Although the qualitative and quantitative results in this case study revealed a significant impact of responsive leadership approach on customers’ progress, there is still a need to conduct other researches to develop and validate a responsive leadership inventory to facilitate measuring of responsive leadership attributes in a large scale sample and/or population.

Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it suggests that knowledge management (KM), as an academic discipline and managerial practice, provides valuable perspectives and tools to help health and social care management cope with both existing and future challenges. Second, it reviews the existing evidence on the effects of KM on the management of health and social care. Based on the results of the review, an evaluation framework for the effects of KM is proposed. Design/methodology/approach The literature review was conducted using the guidance of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement to search the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. The search terms included “knowledge management”, “healthcare” and “effect.” Academic articles published between 2010 and 2020 were included. Findings The study identifies six main categories among the effects of KM on the management of health and social care as follows: enhanced understanding of customer needs, improved organizational performance, better targeted decision-making, improved quality of service, behavioral or cultural change and improved risk management. Originality/value This study contributes by summarizing the literature on the effects of KM on the management of health and social care and proposing avenues for future research in this area.

The supply chain is composed of parties that directly or indirectly fulfill customer needs, including not only manufacturers and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and even cu...

Developing new services is vital for a service-based company to succeed in the long run. This requires both innovation capability and understanding customer needs. Previous research has shown that if a firm wishes to develop an innovation superior to the competition, it must have both a strong technology orientation and a strong market orientation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of market orientation and technology orientation on service innovation capability in SMEs operating in the field of social and health care. In addition, this study examined the obstacles to using digitalization and new technologies in service innovations. Mixed methods design was applied so both quantitative and qualitative data was used. The results from the quantitative part of this study show that both technology orientation and market orientation have a positive and statistically significant effect on service innovation capability in SMEs operating in the field of social and health care. Furthermore, market orientation is the most important variable in the model. The results from the qualitative element again show that some of the hindering factors of using digitalization and new technologies arise from practices and attitudes of social and health care actors but others arise from the digitalization and new technologies themselves.

Customer needs in service settings are idiosyncratic. Responding to these unique needs requires frontline employees to be creative. Little research looks at the drivers of service employee creativity. We aim to fill that void by assessing two potential key creativity drivers, control mechanisms and management orientations. We collected data from frontline employees and their managers and used multilevel mediation modeling, configurational modeling and analysis of necessary conditions. Multilevel analysis revealed that the influence of process and social controls on employee creativity are fully mediated by self-control, whereas the effects of cultural control are partially mediated. The effect of the service orientation of management on employee creativity is partially mediated by self-control, whereas the effect of profit orientation is fully mediated. Causal models from employee control mechanisms and management orientation configurations provide a deeper insight of sufficient conditions leading to employee creativity. Necessary employee control mechanisms and management orientations are identified.

Optimising affective design based on customer needs help to earn competitive advantages. However, affective design has been studied qualitatively and the value of online opinions providing affectiv...

PT. Nauli Tour & Travel is a company engaged in the tourist travel section located in Medan, North Sumatra. PT. Nauli Tour & Travel is here to serve customer needs for tourism services. Therefore, PT. Nauli Tour has some data that require computerized data management so that the information generated can be maximized. One of the things that require computerized data management is financial data management, where financial data is one of the most important assets in any company. Computerized management of financial data must also be accompanied by better security so that its security is guaranteed. The process of managing financial data at PT. Nauli Tour & Travel is currently computerized, but financial data management is carried out at Microsoft Exel so that the security of the financial data is still lacking. In this research, the writer will design an information system that can be used by PT. Nauli Tour & Travel in managing financial data so that the information generated is maximized.

Funding Information: This work is supported by CSC (Chinese Scholarship Council), the ‘Future Makers’ grant of the Technology Industries of Finland Centennial Foundation and Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation. We also wish to thank Professor Kari Tammi, Xiaoqi Feng, and all the participants for their help. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. For engineering design to be successful, it is essential to understand customer experience and identify customer needs. However, it is challenging to understand customers, especially those from different national cultures. The empathy literature suggests that having similar experiences to another person can help understand them better. This study adopts an empathy measure from psychology for use in a project where designers attempt to understand customers’ driving experiences in different countries and identify their needs for detecting road hazards. We quantify designers’ empathic accuracy and the correctness of their rating of customers’ emotional tone. The results show that national cultural differences significantly affect the accuracy of designers’ empathic understanding but do not impact their understanding of customers’ emotional tone.

The objective of this article is to support student and faculty researchers who endeavor to commercialize their technology. We share our experiences as evidence-based lean start-up instructors who coach fledgling start-ups as they attempt to spin out intellectual property from within research institutions. Our instruction is deeprooted in customer discovery-the act of talking with and observing customers to ensure that the solution provided best fits their needs and, as a result, will more likely bear the fruit of a successful commercialization effort.

Corona Virus Disease-19 (Covid-19) pandemic is still ongoing until now. The spread of this virus is very dangerous because it can spread through droplets or the particles that come out from the nose and mouth. Based on these sentences, the spread of the virus has become risky, one of the activities is shopping online. Virus transmission can occur through delivery and receive stuff activities. The habit that occurs in public, often the stuff arrived at home indirectly sterilized. The purpose of the research is to develop a product that can sterilize the stuff with disinfectant automatically. This research for product development with Ergonomic Function Deployment (EFD) Method. In this method, the product concept is designed based on customer needs (voice of customer). Data of customer needs is obtained from the result of 100 respondents with an age range of 20-40 years who frequently online shopping. The product designed refers to the method used with the ergonomic principle after data is processed. The recommendation of product development from this research is a mini chamber. This product is a development of the chamber but its function is for spraying stuff from the outside of house. The procedure of this product is works automatically so the application of this product for customer can be easier. © 2021 Karadeniz Technical University. All rights reserved.

The digital transformation of our world and the inevitable interaction between people, digital technologies and physical assets create a rapidly changing and complex environment that requires organizations to be more flexible, better fit and ready to accept new ways of working. Businesses are coming to realize the need for change to operate successfully in the digital age. In the period of global digitalization, information and communication technologies are one of the most important aspects of existence for a business, which makes it more efficient, efficient and allows you to respond quickly to a rapidly changing external environment, as well as customer needs. At the moment, there is a high interest in the possibilities of artificial intelligence for use in business tasks in the world, as there are already examples of successful implementation, when Artificial Intelligence and machine learning radically change the way they work and increase the profit of organizations in different countries.The purpose of this study is to consider how artificial intelligence affects the value proposition and how the elements of the business model change when using this technology. The paper gives the existing examples of the use of technology, the consequences of its application and the emerging prospects for the use of Artificial Intelligence as one of the advanced technologies of digital transformation.

The customer is central to any company’s activity. Although this is the fundamental truth, many companies turn their attention to the customer only when sales decrease. This article tells how to prevent the negative changes. This article will not reveal the communication strategy elements for interacting with customers, neither will it consider building the necessary IT infrastructure for its implementation, it will rather address the basics of developing approaches to interacting with different types of customers. These approaches are based on customer needs and, most importantly, their expectations, which can be recognized and hidden, that is, those that cannot be reflected in a contract or similar regulatory documents. The global best practice of interacting with customers is based on application of different approaches to different customer types. Moreover: approaches to interacting with customers should bring not only immediate economic effect, but also work in all areas in the long term on a systematic basis - that is, help to turn potential and new customers into regular and loyal, the most valuable to the company.

In the context of COVID-19 crisis, the Moroccan automotive ecosystem is uncertain and volatile. To survive in this changed environment, automotive organizations should manage effectively their leagile supply chains. This management depends mainly on the identification of the leagile enablers influencing the supply chain. To understand the relationship between these enablers, we used interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach followed by MICMAC analysis. The presentation of a case study from the Moroccan automotive industry illustrates this approach. As a result, we classified enablers according to their driving and dependence power. This classification helps supply chain managers to improve supply chain leagility and performance in order to meet quickly the changed customer needs.

In an effort to meet customer needs on supplying electricity in the industrial era 5.0, it needs to have good services which keep growing up and be innovative. One of them is running a premium service which guarantees better quality of service than that of the regular. This research will discuss all of the obstacles that can disrupt the continuity of electricity supply to the customer with premium services, starting from the disruptions at the supply side until at the installation owned by the customer. From the analysis result, ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch) failed several times on working so that caused a black out at the customer side which it should be avoided. Therefore, it is necessary to make some adjustments on setting and wiring to some problems which may arise so that the potential disruption of the ATS or equipment failure can be suppressed. This research aims to minimize and even eliminate ATS performance failures due to system disturbances by implementing rewiring, adding a permissive interlocking system and adding a PLC with a time delay setting.

Firms increasingly use ideas from online innovation communities to solve problems or to better address customer needs. However, in many cases the number of submitted ideas has exploded, it leads to an information overload that firms hardly can handle considering their limited cognitive resources. Therefore, we use the Elaboration Likelihood Model to distinguish between the quick and lean idea preselection process as a peripheral route of information processing and the subsequent idea review process as a central route of information processing. In our empirical study with a sample of more than 163,000 ideas collected from the Xiaomi MIUI community, we analyse influencing factors that increase the likelihood of ideas being preselected or reviewed. Results show that user status, user initiative contribution, and community recognition have a significantly positive influence on idea preselction, whereas user response contribution has no influence. Idea presentation characteristics have an inverted U-curve relationship with idea adoption. Community absorptive capacity has a moderate effect on the curvilinear relationship between idea description length and idea adoption.

The main directions of scientific and applied work carried out for the railways of Japan, the tasks facing the country’s railway transport, as well as the main guidelines of the new five-year plan for scientific research of the Scientific Research Railway Institute of Japan developed in Japan are investigated. Much attention is paid to digitalization as a key problem in the development of the country’s railways in the near and long term. The objects of digitalization on the railways of Japan are presented. The main scientific research for the Japanese railways is carried out by the Research Institute of Railway Transport (RTRI), whose researchers are united in 17 departments and, in addition to deep theoretical research, have a powerful and developed experimental base consisting of four test centers. RTRI’s objectives are to intensify research and development work to improve rail safety, technology and operations, taking into account customer needs and social change; developing professional knowledge in all aspects of railways to meet the challenges faced by railways, using advanced scientific knowledge; mastering advanced technologies in relation to the needs of Japanese railways and reaching a leading position in the world. The primary principles of RTRI research activities for the coming period are considered.

—Village Credit Institutions (LPD) as an institution established specifically for the sake of the welfare of the Pakraman Village community, Village Credit Institutions do not serve outside of the Pakraman Village area where the Village Credit Institution operates. The establishment of Village Credit Institutions (LPDs) began to be carried out and the existence of LPDs was regulated under Regional Regulation (PERDA) namely Bali Provincial Regulation Number 8 of 2002 concerning Village Credit Institutions (LPD), which have now been changed to Bali Provincial Regulation Number 3 of 2017. The Regional Regulation regulates the conditions for the Establishment of Village Credit Institutions (LPD). The problem statement is: 1) What is the legal position of the Village Credit Institution (LPD) in the Micro Finance Institution system? 2) What is the role of Village Credit Institutions (LPDs) in the Micro Finance Institution system? The research method used is normative legal research. The source of legal material that will be used is the research source of primary, secondary and tertiary materials. The techniques for collecting primary and secondary legal materials were collected based on the topic of the program which had been formulated based on the snowball system and disclassified according to sources and hierarchies to be presented comprehensively. Analysis of legal materials with legal interpretation and presented in the form of analysis descriptions. The legal position of the Village Credit Institution based on the customary law community in Bali in the Micro Kauangan Institution system according to Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking cannot be equated. The Village Credit Institution has a very strategic role because so far it has been serving small micro enterprises (MSEs) and rural communities in Bali through financial services that are carried out in accordance with customer needs, personal approaches, and proximity to customers.

This study aims to bridge the literature gap to examine factors that influence customers in buying a beauty product especially product quality. The type of research used is descriptive. The use of the method in this study is the quality function deployment (QFD) method which has 6 parts namely; customer needs, technical attributes, relationship matrix, technical assessment, correlation matrix, and competitive assessment. The findings of this study are the attributes that meet BPOM standards, ingredients performance, and the probability of failure become one of the attributes that have the highest value on the part of customer needs that can meet customer satisfaction in product development.

This research was conducted at Public Elementary School 68 Palembang with 34 teachers as respondents in the study sample. In this study there are three research variables consisting of two independent variables Principal Competence (X1) and Community Participation (X2), and one dependent variable Quality of Educational Services (Y). The extent to which the realization and role of community participation in education depends on the understanding of the community itself in education, and depends on the ability of the school. Quality education services are educational services that are in accordance with the plan and achieve the goals set and can meet the expectations and needs of customers. The results obtained in this study illustrate that the quality of educational services in Public Elementary School 68 Palembang is very good and can meet customer needs.

As firms seek to meet sophisticated customer needs, they typically become more dependent on outside partners. Therefore, managing environmental dependence has become a key competency for business s...

This research analyzed about Mekaar business development strategy at PT Permodalan Nasional Madani (Persero) to find out Mekaar business unit’s developmental strategy to improve the living standard of poor people in Indonesia of the customers who have joined it, to find out Mekaar financing business unit (performance) based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and also to determine business strategies that can be used to develop Mekaar program. This study applies descriptive and SFAS analysis methods. SFAS analysis method is a summary of the analysis of strategic factors obtained based on the analysis results of internal (IFAS) and external (EFAS) factors. One of the results of this study showed the strategies that must be taken include: support for the provision of access to capital, increased penetration of service coverage, employee recruitment as needed, government support through MSME policy, implementation of market research related to customer needs, provision of non- material stimulus for employees, and funding diversification. Based on the conclusion of the study, for the next research, the writer recommends measuring the success of the strategies carried out by the company based on the level of stakeholder satisfaction and the expectations of the people served.

As time-to-market is getting shorter, customer needs have to be identified as early as possible in product development. Correctly applied, corporate foresight can give a glimpse into the future to anticipate such needs and thus gain a competitive advantage. A support tool to choose the appropriate method of foresight is not available yet. Thus, a literature study on foresight methods in industry is performed and a novel decision support tool is proposed which avoids high entrepreneurial risks. Based on the findings, potentials for future work are identified for different types of methods.

According to the fast-changing business environment nowadays, we have to be more effective and faster in responding to customers' needs to make them able to access products instantly. This can be done by designing an E-commerce web website for unused goods, which sells various fashions and goods to the customers. To implement an online shopping website, a virtual store on the Internet is needed which allows customers to seek products and select them from a catalog. The customer needs to fill some fields to order a specific product. The purpose of this paper is designing and implementation of the website of unused goods, which sells various fashions and goods to the customers, the good that will be for sale on the website are new unused goods which the customer couldn’t return to the store they buy from to any reason. The proposed system was developed using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), ASP.NET and Access.

The automotive industry is currently facing an automated driving revolution. This technology is tightly linked to societal and economic challenges: minimisation of traffic accidents, fuel consumption, traffic congestion, parking demand, and providing mobility for an ageing population, as well as to customer needs toward more personalised services. This study aims at the analysis and presentation of the current state of the art and prospects of automated vehicles (AVs) from various perspectives. This study concentrates on revision of the critical technologies, estimation of the impact on social aspects, identification of legal issues, consideration of factors in commercial success through user acceptance, and foresight carried out by other researchers. The primary material was prepared by review and analysis of research papers, standards, regulations, roadmaps, and projects in the field of AVs technology and its implementation worldwide. A SWOT analysis was performed, and it was found that for rapid AV spread, technological solutions need to be made taking into account law and regulation; user acceptance and human-robot interaction need to be solved together as part of one system.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the manner in which market orientation types facilitate the development of brand management processes (strategic brand management and internal branding), and brand performance. Design/methodology/approach The research model is assessed using data collected from brand executives. Existing scales are used to measure all the focal constructs. Partial least squares-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using the Smart-PLS 3.0 software is used to check for the psychometric properties of the scales and to test the hypotheses. Findings The results of this study indicate that proactive and reactive market orientation influence the internal branding and strategic brand management. The mediating role of strategic brand management in the relationship between proactive market orientation (PMO) and brand performance is significant. Similarly, internal branding mediates the relationship between PMO and brand performance. Also, strategic brand management and internal branding mediate the relationship between responsive market orientation (RMO) and brand performance. Results also indicate that market turbulence negatively moderates the relationship between strategic brand management and brand performance. Research limitations/implications Building on literature from brand management, organizational capabilities and market orientation, this study explicates the role of PMO and RMO in influencing different strategic brand management and internal branding, and subsequently, brand performance. The perspective used in this study provides an insight into how organizations can develop and manage brands from a process perspective. Practical implications To develop the brand management capability, organizations may benefit from cultivating processes that seek to meet the latent customer needs through explorative and proactive information seeking, and at the same time, pursing processes that focus on capturing the existing customer and competitor trends in the market. Social implications This study hopefully helps marketers realize that brand management function needs to move toward being more dynamic in nature. Originality/value This study borrows from the existing research on market orientation, branding and brand management to argue that organizations are required to not only maximize the brand returns in the existing market but also to adapt to the changes in the future.

Product Design & Engineering (PDE) aims to define new and/or improved products based on customer needs and/or new technologies. A comprehensive discussion of PDE as a building block for chemical engineering education, research and practice seems still lacking, preventing a broader impact on academic and industry realities more and more concerned with the ‘knowledge economy’. The purpose of the present current opinion paper was to contribute to the mitigation of this gap by presenting the results the EFCE Section Group PDE survey based on PDE academia and industry expert and practitioner feedback as well as on a literature review. The paper discusses PDE status and challenges as well as maps academic and industry requirements, unmet needs and perspectives for the product manufacturing in the framework of Industry 4.0.

Multi-sided platforms (MSPs) play the role as tech-enabled intermediaries that provide social networking sites to serve heterogeneous customer needs via complementary offerings, fostering direct and indirect connections between customers and third parties. However, the phenomenon of switching behavior in the post-adoption would likely destruct the success of platform business that depends on repeated customers and their continuance. Such a “use-to-goal-attainment gap” reveals the information about distinct driving forces of platform continuance. From the rational perspective, we take uses and gratifications (U&G) as the theoretical vehicle to examine the private information of personal experiences. We consider review-based learning as the adaptive approach to informational cascades. From the empirical surveys of 309 TripAdvisor (Taiwan) users, we found that the review-based learning approach plays a dual-role as the competing and supplemental driver of private information to foster platform continuance. Theoretical and managerial implications of platform continuance and business are discussed accordingly.

The successful implementation of Industry 4.0 warrants a design of CPS architecture which considers the customer needs. The purpose of this paper is to develop the design of cyber- physical system (CPS) using 8 C architecture using the principles of LSS for a successful business system. Through an integrative literature review, this study analysis in depth the 8 C architecture and its possible integration with LSS methodology. The connection, conversion, cyber, cognition, configuration, coalition, customer, and content levels are examined in detail to include the LSS methodology in each phase of design. The future research directions are identified and the implications for practice are further expounded. This is the first paper which incorporates the principles of LSS to design a CPS architecture.

Due to the turbulent of business environment, complexity of managing human resource and volatility of customer needs, it is a formidable managerial task to design structures which will be suitable to meet such requirements and free to exercise course of action for managerial discretion. However, in most of the case the structure type that can be designed and implemented in many organizations are to the interest of stakeholders and owners. Research also shows that the latitudinal action of management staffs and autonomous decisions are a theme of discussion in managerial discretion. The researcher used a conceptual study of both a qualitative and quantitative approach coupled with case study for this study. Based on the study, the research findings show that organizations that have managed by owner-manager has less experienced managerial discretion, and thereby came to conclude that managers who are free to choose course of action have led to company success than those company which managed by owner-manager.

Due to the strong technical and functional similarities of today’s consumer products, the emotional and sensory product characteristics become increasingly important in order to stand out from the competition. The objective of this research is to develop a data-driven methodology to systematically integrate customer needs into the product development process. For the comprehensive acquisition of valuable data, various sources of information need to be taken into account. The different sources and data have to be standardized and structured to enable data analytics. This research focuses on Social Media as an important data source to identify customer needs.

This article is devoted to a new strategic management tool—strategic design. Modern conditions with rapidly changing technologies and consumer preferences, changing supply chains, emerging new markets, products, and new product safety requirements require the enterprise management strategy development to have adequate modern tools as well. The authors prove that such a tool can be a strategic design, which is based on design thinking and in-depth comprehensive analytics. It is analytics, as well as tracking the current and future customer needs, that allows the company to increase its competitiveness in both existing and new markets, including digital ones. This paper discusses strategic design stages preceding the development of a digital development strategy for a company.

OBJECTIVE Identifying current occupant travel patterns can inform decision making regarding the design, regulation, and occupant protection systems helpful for automated vehicle systems and mobility services. METHODS Two travel data sets were analyzed to quantify travel patterns: the 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS), which provides data on household trips logged for a 24-h period, and the 2011-2015 National Automotive Sampling System-General Estimates System (NASS-GES), which contains data sampled from police-reported crashes. Analysis identified trends with driver age and gender, occupant age and gender, time of day, day of week, trip purpose, trip duration, vehicle type, as well as occupant role as solo driver, driver of others, single passenger, or multiple passengers. RESULTS In NHTS, the median trip duration is 15 min; only 10% of trips last longer than 40 min. Trip duration does not vary with occupant role or vehicle type. Variations with trip time of day and day of week show a unimodal pattern for weekends, as well as weekday trips for those aged 55 years and older and non-solo occupants aged 18 to 29 years. Other occupant groups have a bimodal weekday travel pattern with peak trips corresponding to morning and evening rush hours.In GES, approximately half of occupants are solo drivers. Female drivers aged 55 and older travel alone 60% of the time, and drivers under age 18 and female drivers aged 30 to 54 drive alone on less than 45% of trips. Approximately 13% of occupants are single passengers, and 16% travel with a driver and at least 1 other passenger. About 16% of occupants are front seat passengers. CONCLUSIONS This analysis of vehicle occupancy provides insights on what ridership of future automated vehicles and expanded ride-hailing services may look like. Because half of occupants are solo drivers, only 16% are multiple passengers, and median trip length is just 15 min, proposed alternative seating arrangements intended to promote comfort and passenger interaction may not represent the typical future vehicle use case in the United States. Knowledge of current occupancy patterns can help automated vehicle designers and regulators develop safe seating scenarios that meet customer needs.

Requirements communication is essential in software development projects since customer needs must be communicated to the development team clearly and effectively. Although the use case (UC) specifications are used to communicate requirements in detail, developers do not always follow them. This study presents an empirical study carried out to understand the reasons why developers do not follow UC specifications and their difficulties using UC specifications in generating prototypes. Results show that the four reasons why developers fail to follow UC specifications are the existence of specification errors, ambiguous information, lack of detailed specification, or incomplete information, and due to improvement suggestions. Also, the specification defects types that impacted prototypes creation the most were an omission, ambiguity, and incorrect fact. The authors noted that 6 out of 25 (24%) defects in the UC specifications caused discrepancies in prototypes, 12 (48%) were corrected during the prototypes creation, and 7 (28%) were not propagated to the prototypes.

Customer Data Management Information System is a program or information system that functions to assist customer and sales data recording activities as well as product activation processes on CV. IT Brain Indonesia. This system is designed to record and input customer data from requests for demo software and customer consultations that come in daily via email marketing and also through whatsapp marketing before making a purchase and activation process. This system is shown for the marketing team on CV. IT Brain Indonesia is still using Microsoft Excel to record these data, which takes a long time to group customer needs on different sheets. In this case the author designed an Information System for Customer Data Management and Web-Based Digital Product Sales at CV. IT Brain Indonesia. The method used is the equivalence method and blackbox testing. The results of this study are in the form of a web-based information system intended for marketing and customer support that can group customer data according to their needs and record sales and product activation processes. This web-based information system was created using the CodeIgniter framework.

Using survey data from 208 Chinese manufacturing firms, this paper empirically explores whether servitization facilitates or hinders radical product innovation performance. On the basis of organizational knowledge creation theory, we argue that servitization enables manufacturers to identify latent customer needs that are valuable in searching for radical product innovation opportunities. However, according to social structural embeddedness theory, a firm with a high level of servitization becomes overembedded in customer relationships, which prevents it from seizing such opportunities. We integrate these two theories and find an inverted U-shaped relationship between servitization and radical product innovation performance. Our research enriches the servitization literature by identifying and integrating the two roles of servitization for radical product innovation performance.

Implementing health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the company's efforts to provide services to customers. One of the evaluation services to adapt to customer preferences changes are applying a Quality Function Deployment (QFD). QFD is a method used to know customer needs and formulate how the company determines the priorities for meeting these needs based on company conditions. Based on this research in Madiun Railway Station, the Quality Function Deployment shows three service attributes are getting on the top priority of customer needs. These are the implementation of health protocols, physical distancing, and hospitality of employees. The three service attributes will be developed and improved based on three out of the sixteen technical responses. These Technical Responses are improving the service and performance of employees, complete the information on social media, and make sure the environment and the toilet are clean.

The concept of market orientation, which focuses on the entire market to address customer needs adequately, has garnered increased interest by practitioners and academics in the past decades, given its efficacy in achieving organisational performance. Despite the growing interest in the concept, the literature review has shown that scholars have primarily focused on its applicability in the for-profit organisations with limited attention to how the concept could be practised in the public sector, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a need to examine the phenomenon in the public sector context and identify factors and antecedents necessary for applying the concept to the public sector. This chapter, therefore, seeks to (1) determine the present level of research on market orientation in the public sector, (2) determine its impact, if any, on public sector performance, and (3) identify factors or antecedents necessary for effective implementation of the concept in the public sector organisations and suggest avenues for future research in the subject area.

The use of advanced computer technologies has dramatically changed marketing. Concepts such as smart, sustainable, and green marketing have emerged in the last 20 years. One of these new technologies is the Internet of Things (IoT), which has led to the development of the activities and performances of industries in various dimensions. For the various objects, such as people, processes, and data, involved in marketing activities, the Internet of Everything (IoE) as an evolved IoT is a possible future scenario. Some sectors pretend to be the first to implement this, and the more they rely on dynamic, unstable customer needs, the better a solution the IoE is for them. Therefore, this paper presents a clear vision of smart, sustainable marketing based on the IoE in one of the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industries, the dairy industry. Key factors are identified to help readers understand this concept better. The expert interview makes it possible to draw a picture of the factors that have helped successfully implement the IoE in the dairy sector.

With the rapid growth of information technology (IT), user-generated content (UGC) has become a critical data resource for assisting customers in making purchase decisions. UGC also contains invaluable information for product designers on customers’ behaviours, needs and opinions. In this chapter, a UGC analysis framework is proposed for researchers and practitioners to extract large quantities of information from UGC data related to product features, usage contexts, and customer opinions. This information enables designers to quantitatively measure and predict customer satisfaction levels for specific product features. The framework also provides insights into product usage contexts, which facilitates discovering product improvements and innovation opportunities. A case study of an e-reader demonstrates the application of the proposed framework.

Facing to many Cloud providers’ offers in the Cloud Computing market, the consumer is confused in choosing the appropriate Cloud. Therefore, we propose a Cloud Portal, which helps this consumer to choose the adequate Cloud provider according to his needs. This portal is based primarily on customer needs on one side, on the other side on concepts and techniques like the Multi-criteria AnalysisMethod, the Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor Method. Using this solution avoids the consumer to lose time, money and help him to select the right Cloud. Finally, the proposed process to build the portal is illustrated by using a case study and demonstrates how it works.

Ubiquitous CRM (UCRM) enhances customer relationship management. It can sense customer needs and demands, to which firms can respond quickly. Therefore, UCRM helps to improve a firm’s agility. There is a growing interest among researchers and practitioners to understand how the adoption of UCRM impacts the sustainability of firms’ operations, but not many studies have investigated this issue. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine how firms’ absorptive capacity and dynamic capability could impact the adoption of UCRM to influence the operational sustainability of the firms and their performance. The study also investigates the moderating role of technology turbulence on the relationship between a firm’s operational sustainability and its performance. Using absorptive capacity theory and dynamic capability view theory and reviewing the existing literature, we developed a conceptual model. The model was then validated using a structural equation modeling technique considering 309 usable respondents from different firms that use UCRM for their operational activities. The study found that firms’ absorptive capacity and dynamic capability significantly and positively impact the adoption of UCRM, which in turn significantly and positively impacts firms’ operational sustainability and improves their performance. The study also shows that there is a significant moderating role of technology turbulence on the relationship between operational sustainability and firm performance.

Elcogen is one of the leading European manufacturers of solid oxide cell (SOC) technology. Elcogen products are unique combination of best in class performance and low-cost product structure. The unit cell and stack products are designed for low temperature operation enabling major cost reductions in the system level. Elcogen’s operations are located in the Nordic-Baltic technology cluster of Finland and Estonia. This article summarizes the recent activities and development trends of Elcogen. Elcogen is currently focused in ramping up its unit cell and stack production with the increased customer needs. The short-term goal is to set-up of a demonstration manufacturing plant for the unit cells and stacks with annual capacity of 50 MW. To facilitate the goals Elcogen has signed EUR 12 million loan facility with The European Investment Bank (EIB). The loan is the first in the Baltic countries to get support under the InnovFin – EU-finance for innovators programme, which is financed from the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. Specifically, the financing falls under InnovFin’s Energy Demonstration Projects (EDP) facility. Elcogen is continuously developing its products for higher performance, longer lifetime, lower costs, increased quality and expanded applications. As an example, Elcogen has been testing its stack efficiency and lifetime for methane-based gas applications. The maximum efficiency has exceeded 75 % efficiency. The degradation rate in 23 000 hours test has been 15 mOhm.cm2/1000h.

This interview introduces how innovative firms are employing interesting new technologies to improve their product line up and better serve customer needs. Facial recognition and biometric identifi...