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Background/aim Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has recently been used as an experimental treatment for cancers including locally advanced pancreatic cancer. There is very limited data on IRE in pancreatic cancer that is locally recurrent after surgical resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IRE in this setting. Patients and methods Ten patients with locally recurrent pancreatic cancer without distant metastases after surgical resection were included and treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous IRE. Results Two patients had severe complications, of whom one died. Median disease-free survival was 3.3 months and overall median survival after IRE and resection was 16.5 and 42.7 months, respectively. Two patients are alive 42.1 and 23.9 months after the IRE without signs of local recurrence. Conclusion Percutaneous IRE in locally recurrent pancreatic cancer following curative resection is feasible, but should be regarded as a high-risk procedure that, at present, cannot be recommended outside of clinical trials. Further research is needed to select patients who might benefit from this treatment.

OBJECTIVES: Reports on quality-of-life (QoL) after bile duct injury (BDI) show conflicting results. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate QoL stratified according to type of treatment. METHODS: QoL assessment using the SF-36 (36-item short form health survey) questionnaire. Patients with post-cholecystectomy BDI needing hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) were compared to all other treatments (BDI repair) and to patients without BDI at cholecystectomy (controls). RESULTS: Patients needing a HJ after BDI reported reduced long-term QoL irrespective of time for diagnosis and repair in both the physical (PCS; p

Purpose de Garengeot’s hernia is a rare entity in which the appendix is located within a femoral hernia and is almost invariably encountered incarcerated in an emergency setting with concomitant appendicitis. In the literature, there are mostly single-case reports. The purpose of the present study was to perform a review of the literature to study the incidence, pathogenesis, demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory and radiological investigations, differential diagnosis, delay in diagnosis and treatment, operative findings, surgical technique, histological findings, the postoperative course, use of antibiotics, and complications regarding de Garengeot’s hernia. Methods A literature search was performed through PubMed with the following search terms, single or in combination: Garengeot, femoral hernia, and appendicitis. Additional references were also found within the articles, and two patients from Uppsala University Hospital were added. Results Between 1981 and 2016, 70 publications were identified, and with the additional two patients, the present series comprised 90 patients There were 75 women (median age 73.0 years) and 15 men (median age 78.0 years). On examination, an inguinal mass was found in 87 patients (97%), which was painful and the cause of primary complaint in 67 patients (74%): the median duration of symptoms was 3 days. Radiological investigations or ultrasound were performed in 67 patients (74%); computed tomography was the most accurate with a positive diagnosis in 23/34 patients. Appendicitis was found in 76 patients, gangrenous in 23, and perforated in 9. The surgical approach was inguinal in 76 patients, including 15 with concomitant laparotomy. The preperitoneal route was chosen in six patients, and laparoscopy alone in four patients. A mesh/plug was used in 22 patients (7/22 normal appendix) and suture repair in 59 (4/59 normal appendix: p

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is a tumor marker for pancreatic cancer. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an experimental treatment modality for pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether percutaneous IRE lowers the CA19-9 level in pancreatic cancer and whether this correlates with improved overall survival.Seventy-one patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer or local recurrence after resection were treated. Patients with missing data, metastatic disease and normal serum CA19-9 before IRE were excluded. This left 35 cases for analysis.The median CA19-9 did not decrease in the cohort after IRE treatment (282 U/ml before versus 315 U/ml after; p=0.80). The 25th percentile of patients with the best CA19-9 response had improved overall survival compared to the 25th percentile with the worst response (mean 13.1 versus 8.1 months, respectively; p=0.01).IRE did not lower the level of CA19-9 in pancreatic cancer cases. However, a response in CA19-9 was correlated with improved survival.

Background/aim Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has recently been used as an experimental ablation treatment following systemic chemotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate survival of LAPC patients after IRE prior to chemotherapy. The secondary aim was to examine the complication rates. Patients and methods Twenty-four patients with LAPC were included and treated with percutaneous ultrasound-guided IRE under general anesthesia. Survival data from the National Quality Registry for Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancer for LAPC during the same period were used for comparison. Results The median survival after diagnosis was 13.3 months in the IRE group compared to 9.9 months in the registry group (p=0.511). Six patients had a severe complication after IRE treatment. Conclusion No obvious gain in survival was observed with IRE as the first line treatment of LAPC and IRE was associated with severe complications. This study does not support percutaneous IRE in this setting.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal based tumor ablation method used close to vessels and ducts and has the potential of treating locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IRE in patients with LAPC after chemo- and/or radio-chemotherapy.Twenty-four patients with biopsy proven LAPC and who had received chemo- and/or radio-chemotherapy with no signs of metastases were included and treated with ultrasound guided percutaneous IRE under general anesthesia.The median overall survival from diagnosis of LAPC was 17.9 months; this included 7.0 months after IRE. Median time from IRE was 6.1 months to local progression and 2.7 months to observation of metastases. Local control was observed in nine patients. IRE related complications were observed in 11 patients, three of which were serious complications. There was no IRE related mortality.Percutaneous IRE is reasonably safe in LAPC after chemo-/radio-chemotherapy and with promising results regarding efficacy.

Gallstone ileus is a rather rare condition and in most cases it involves a cholecysto-enteric fistula, through which a gallstone passes into the bowel. If the gallstone is large enough it may obstruct the bowel and a gallstone ileus emerges. In the presented case, the patient was subjected to a cholecystectomy over 40 years ago, but despite this, he developed a gallstone ileus. A gallstone that obstructed the small bowel was suspected with computed tomography and confirmed with exploratory laparotomy. Although a few cases of gallstone ileus after cholecystectomy are described in the literature, our case describes a unique pathogenic mechanism.

Response from the authors of the original article. Comment to : Mansson C, Nilsson A, Karlson B-M. Severe complications with irreversible electroporation of the pancreas in the presence of a metallic stent: a warning of a procedure that never should be performed

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an ablation technique that is being investigated as a potential treatment of pancreatic cancer. However, many of these patients have a metallic stent in the bile duct, which is recognized as a contraindication for IRE ablation. We report a case in which an IRE ablation in the region of the pancreatic head was performed on a patient with a metallic stent which led to severe complications. After the treatment, the patient suffered from several complications including perforation of the duodenum and transverse colon, and bleeding from a branch of the superior mesenteric artery which eventually lead to her death. Therefore, we believe it is important to be aware of this if an IRE ablation close to a metallic stent is considered .

Solid pseudopapillary pancreatic tumor (SPPT) is a rare tumor that constitutes 1–2% of all pancreatic tumors and most of the patients are young females. SPPT has low malignancy potential and radical resection is associated with good results and a high survival rate, even in cases with large tumors: the 5-year survival rate is estimated as 95%. This paper describes an unusual presentation of an SPPT discovered after blunt trauma to the abdomen during a basketball game. Computed tomography revealed a large tumor in the pancreatic head and the patient was operated by pylorus-preseving pancreaticoduodenectomy. The histopathologic examination indicated an SPPT with R0-resection and after 4 years there were no signs of recurrence.