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This Collection offers insights from twenty of Australia’s leader academics and thinkers into the survey results of 15,000 Australian rental households. The Collection draws on data from The Australian Rental Housing Conditions Dataset funded by the Australian Research Council in partnership with six Australian universities as well an additional AHURI funded COVID-19 module.

Social-ecological justice is an emerging field that argues for nature’s agency, social-ecological awareness, recognition of nature’s capabilities, and participation in decision-making processes. A social-ecological justice perspective lifts the analysis out of a distribution of environmental impacts to humans, to a recognition of social-ecological complexities. However, bringing this perspective to urban planning requires a suite of methods and tools in coordination with existing planning methods that do not address issues of social-ecological justice, or, justice for nature. Drawing from existing methods and tools, this paper presents a novel methodology to define, identify, and map social-ecological injustices in urban landscapes. Three dimensions of social-ecological justice (distribution, recognition, and participation) are operationalised into a set of indicators, which are added to create a Social-Ecological Injustices Index that identifies place hotspots. A fourth dimension, capabilities, is discussed, but not operationalised in the paper. The urban region of Melbourne, which has been undergoing intense urbanisation processes, is used as a case study to test the applicability of this index. The geospatial analysis reveals various degrees of social-ecological injustices across the Melbourne Metropolitan region and unveils the location of the most deprived areas. This methodology can be applied as a systematic and effective way for urban planners and decision-makers to identify and target social-ecological injustice hotspots as areas of prioritisation for urban regeneration with nature-based solutions.

By using 360\(^\circ \) renderings, it is possible to create virtual reality experiences without having to render potentially complex 3D geometry with complex shading for every frame. Applying pixel reprojection to the 360\(^\circ \) renderings can enable 3D movement of the user, which introduces motion parallax effects. The proposed pixel reprojection method employs nine camera views that are used to reconstruct an output from an arbitrary camera position within the space between the nine cameras. Each of the nine camera is supplied with a unique 360\(^\circ \) rendering, generated from the position of the camera. Thereafter no 3D geometry is needed. Two variations of the algorithm are proposed. Evaluation of the two variations showed that only considering the four closest cameras resulted in a shorter render time, but also more visible errors in the reprojected image, when compared to considering all nine cameras.

Much of mainstream economic analysis assumes that markets adjust smoothly, through prices, to changes in economic conditions. However, this is not necessarily the case for local housing markets, whose spatial structures may exhibit persistence, so that conditions may not be those most suited to the requirements of modern-day living. Persistence can arise from the existence of transaction costs. The paper tests the proposition that housing markets in Inner London exhibit a degree of path dependence, through the construction of a three-equation model, and examines the impact of variables constructed for the 19th and early 20th centuries on modern house prices. These include 19th-century social structures, slum clearance programmes and the 1908 underground network. Each is found to be significant. The tests require the construction of novel historical datasets, which are also described in the paper.

LC policies can be controversial. The authors’ distinction between market-creating, sustaining and efficiency LC policy provides a broad taxonomy of different articulations of LC policy, but at the implementation level national policies will frequently be a combination of each of these. In this chapter the emergence and articulation of LC policies in each of the case countries is examined. The cases illustrate the evolution of LC policies and learning over time. Several of the policies implemented by emerging economies today draw on policies developed by the North Sea countries in the 1970s and 1980s. However, the cases also illustrate important variations in the initial economic and social conditions that influence subsequent LC policy development.

This chapter turns to an issue that remains at the forefront of policy today—housing supply—but set in a long-run framework. Public sector involvement in the provision of housing expanded after the Great War, but the proportion of GDP devoted to housing has exhibited little evidence of an upward trend since then. High levels of building have rarely consistently taken place, except following times of national emergency or when the wider economy was in recession. Controversially, this raises the question of whether the building industry would respond fully to the commonly-acknowledged current major housing shortages, even if planning controls were to be relaxed. This national level analysis is complemented by local London analysis and considers the relationship between building and rail and underground developments in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Rail construction had a major impact on population outflows from cities towards the suburbs.

This chapter is concerned with nineteenth and twentieth century Glasgow, a city that had worse health outcomes than even the poorest parts of London and large parts of the Empire. It demonstrates the key characteristics of the medieval-based property law system in operation in Scotland and also discusses the collapse of the City of Glasgow bank in 1878 and its impact; subsequently, no other major bank failures occurred in the UK until the Northern Rock during the Global Financial Crisis. This introduces the issue of housing volatility and cycles. In addition, this chapter considers the development of social housing in twentieth century Glasgow. Finally, the chapter discusses the extent to which distinct submarkets have persisted across Glasgow, by modelling the relationship between modern local house prices and rental values in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Following a decade of transition in the Former Soviet Union (FSU), governance of the oil and gas sectors has evolved to economic nationalism. In the newly independent states this has manifested itself through greater (direct) state ownership or participation in oil and gas production, at the expense of both domestic (in the case of Russia) and international oil companies, as well as legislative developments that increase the flow of oil and gas value to the state. Here we analyse some of the dynamics giving rise to economic nationalism within a model of a state capacity and the ability to implement policy and extract value. Our analysis is based on the institutional and economic functioning of the oil and gas sector. We analyse a vector of institutions and examine Production Sharing Agreements and National Oil Companies.

Retrenchment of the public sector as a direct provider of rented accommodation has been accompanied by a growing reliance on housing associations as alternative providers of below‐market rented accommodation in the UK. The most successful vehicle to date (in terms of transferred ownership of units) for growing the not‐for‐profit sector has been so‐called “large‐scale voluntary transfer” of dwellings formerly owned by local authorities. Since the turn of the century this has been accompanied by the rapid expansion of “arms‐length management organizations” in England. Notably though, for a process concerned with the transfer of legal entitlements to property, the literature on stock transfer and social housing reform is marked by a curious absence of any discussion of a property rights dimension of this process and, particularly, how degree and form of ownership is capitalized through the prevailing (and changing) governance structures. The point of departure for this article is an examination of how stock ...

The advent of the ‘buy to let’ (BTL) phenomenon in the UK, apart from producing a new wave of individualized rental market investment, has been widely judged to be a speculative and destabilizing force in the housing market. This paper provides a detailed empirical investigation of new residential investment in one city (Glasgow) where BTL has made a relatively large impact. In seeking to overcome data problems, the study employed qualitative (expert interviews and a landlord survey) and quantitative methods (census, the Register of Sasines, standardized house price information and modelling thereof) in order to assess the nature and scale of BTL, the motivations of investors and its impact on the private housing market. The evidence suggests that while Glasgow is in many respects different to rental markets elsewhere in the UK and although the investment has thus far largely occurred in a benign environment, the context for future investment, on balance, looks sustainable (i.e. favourable change...