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Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) appears in a list of fruit and nut species growing in Europe considered neglected and underused economically. AlthoughC. mashas a long-standing traditional medicinal use, only in recent years interest in products and food made from Cornelian cherries, said to have health-promoting effects, increased. This in turn raises the demand for improved planting material. In the Pielach Valley Region, Lower Austria, hundreds of centenary specimens ofCornus mas, but even a few millennial plants can still be encountered. The occurrence of these plants requested an active intervention to genetically characterize and preserve this valuable biodiversity, particularly in the light of changing environmental conditions. Efforts for the establishment of an in vitro collection of this valuable germplasm of centenary cornelian cherries yielded 193 mericlones initiated from single node explants from 41 selected plants. The selected donor plants were grouped by estimated age ranging from 10 years, > 50 years, > 100 years, > 200 years, > 400 years and 1000 years. The final goal of our efforts is to preserve these genetic resources, also checked for genetic and phytosanitary quality, for future generations and to use the superior clones for further breeding programs.

Carl Florian Toldt was an Austrian anatomist who made meaningful contributions worldwide and defined what is one of the most important surgical landmarks in abdominal surgery. Through his research studies, the embryologic dissection plane known as the “White Line of Toldt” represents an important anatomical landmark that helps to mobilize either the ascending or descending colon. His career spanned over 45 years, beginning in Verona and continuing to Prague and Vienna. He was an author of several innovative books and scientific articles regarding micro- and macroscopic anatomy. In addition, he received numerous recognitions and prizes for his work, making him an essential figure in the medical scientific community. Even a street in Vienna, Karl-Toldt-Weg, is named in his honor. The purpose of this historical article is to celebrate and honor Toldt 100 years following his death, remembering his scientific contributions to the medical and surgical fields and giving thanks for his numerous accomplishments. This article brings light to the man behind the eponym.

The Centennial Hall in Wroclaw is a pioneering example of early twentieth century modern architecture and engineering. The construction of its reinforced concrete dome, the largest then built, was ...

Resumen (analítico) El objetivo general fue conocer las actitudes hacia la sexualidad de estudiantes universitarios de las generaciones milenial y centenial. Como objetivo específico se validó un cuestionario de actitudes. Se siguió una metodología no experimental, transversal, con análisis descriptivo de respuestas de 402 estudiantes (69.1% mujeres, 30.9% hombres), con una media de edad de 20.8 años (DE 2.07). Resultaron actitudes favorables hacia: expresiones sexuales homosexuales y transexuales, eliminación de roles de género, uso del condón y re-chazo hacia la violencia en redes sociales. Se presentaron actitudes desfavorables hacia el amor y actitudes indecisas hacia las relaciones casuales. Concluimos que el conocimiento de las actitudes es fundamental en el diseño y la ejecución de políticas de salud pública dirigidas a promover y preservar la salud sexual de las generaciones actuales. Abstract (analytical) The general objective of this study was to identify attitudes towards sexuality held by university students pertaining to the millennial and centennial generations. An attitudes questionnaire was validated as a specific objective. A non-experimental, cross-sectional methodology was followed, involving a descriptive analysis of 402 students’ responses (69.1% women, 30.9% men) with a mean age of 20.8 years (SD 2.07). Favorable attitudes were found towards: homosexual and transexual expressions of sexuality, elimination of gender roles, condom use and rejection of violence in social networks. There were unfavorable attitudes toward love and marriage and a lack of definition towards casual relationships. The authors conclude that knowledge of attitudes is essential for the design and implementation of public health policies aimed at promoting and preserving the sexual health of current generations. Resumo (analítico) O objetivo geral foi conhecer as atitudes face à sexualidade de estudantes universitários das gerações millennial e centennial, tendo como objetivo específico validar um questionário de atitudes. Foi seguida uma metodologia não experimental, transversal, com análise descritiva das respostas de 402 alunos (69.1% mulheres, 30.9 % homens), com uma média de idade de 20.8 anos (DP 2.07). Atitudes favoráveis foram encontradas em relação a: expressões sexuais homossexuais e transexuais, eliminação de papéis de gênero, uso de preservativo e repulsa face à violência nas redes sociais. Simultaneamente, atitudes desfavoráveis foram encontradas em relação ao amor e ao casamento e atitudes indefinidas em relação aos relacionamentos casuais. Concluímos que o conhecimento das atitudes é essencial na formulação e implementação de políticas públicas de saúde dirigidas a promover e preservar a saúde sexual das gerações atuais.

In 1921, 16 Texas pathologists gathered in Dallas, Texas, to found the Texas Society of Pathologists (TSP). The TSP is now the oldest state pathology society in the USA with continuity traced back to its founding 100 years ago. This article aims to both commemorate the TSP centennial and to provide context for the remarkable success of the society. The article takes a look back and a look forward from 1921. The look back focuses on the development of the field of pathology and the maturation of medicine and pathology in the USA and Texas. The look forward encompasses developments in science, technology, American health care policy, and medicine that have impacted Texas pathologists and influenced proactive initiatives of the TSP. The review of the life and times of the TSP highlights the importance of leaders and leadership in shaping outcomes. Complexities and uncertainties of the contemporary health care scene point to the need for continued strong leadership. The successful past century and hopeful future of the TSP are inextricably linked to the guiding principle of the TSP, which is a focus on continual striving for excellence in medicine.

Because of the 100th anniversary of Kazan State Medical Academy and obstetrical-gynecological hospital, this article present outstanding scientific achievements of the first head of the department, Professor A.I. Timofeev, who was an apprentice to professor V.S. Gruzdev. Historical and literature study of primary materials was used as the method of research. In April 2020, Kazan State Medical Academy (formerly the State Institute of Advanced Medical Training) celebrated its 100th anniversary. Organization of work of the gynecology-obstetrics department and hospital fell on the shoulders of Professor Alexander Ignatievich Timofeev, who was an apprentice to Professor V.S. Gruzdev. The article reflects three shining moments from his working life, which made the Kazan school of obstetricians and gynecologists famous. Throughout the 19th century, scientists were seeking to answer the question of corpus luteum originating: from the connective or epithelial tissues. Professor Gruzdev has suggested that the source needs to be granulosa cells. His student, Professor Timofeev, carefully performed histological preparations finally established in 1913 that granular cells are the genesis of the human corpus luteum originated, and bring these centennial scientific disputes to an end. In 1925, Professor Timofeev was the first in the USSR to perform surgery under local infiltration anesthesia in Kazan. His publication of the results of observation in 1928 was the beginning of the further study and implementation of local infiltration anesthesia by the method of Professor A.V. Vishnevsky (creeping infiltration method) in obstetrics and gynecology. For 30 years, this method of analgesia was dominant and gave way only with the development of anesthesiology and resuscitation. In 1928, he, together with professor Gruzdev, report on cesarean section at the 8th All-Union Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists laid the foundation for a wider study of Caesarean section in the USSR, the result of which was generalized in 1979. International recognition of the epithelial nature of the corpus luteum alone deserves a monument; the school of Kazan doctors of obstetrician-gynecologists honors the memory of the outstanding apprentice to professor V.S. Gruzdev A.I. Timofeev.

This retrospective celebrates The Clearing House centennial year of publishing and a reminiscence of what authors and readers valued in their teaching practice. The work here considers a 1974 artic...

In December 2019, an unexpected interaction of coronavirus with human’s occurred for the third time in history after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012. Soon the virus was confirmed as SARS-CoV-2, and the severity of its transmission lead the World Health Organization to declare it as World Pandemic. Due to its highly contagious nature, new methods like social distancing, self-hygiene and quarantine were being adopted by many countries to halt the transmission. Due to the dearth in specific therapeutics and/or vaccines against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), a significant thrust in drugs and vaccine discovery was ratified by all the nations. The current review comprehensively details about the emergence and molecular pathogenesis with an interesting timeline which notes all the major events during this crisis. Given the potential general readers and health workers, the symptoms and diagnostic approaches were simplified. Emphasis was given to therapeutic approaches and clinical trials section to support the translational research and to cope up with the viral outbreak.

This column is the second in a series summarizing the 2-day Centennial Conference of the Austen Riggs Center. The conference framed problems in access to care and in the nature of the care being provided that are part of a mental health crisis in America, and then worked to propose solutions. This column addresses problems with the nature of care provided, proposing psychodynamic perspectives that offer hope through engagement. Such approaches play a role in "bending the curve" to improve mental health outcomes.

The centennial of the First World War constituted a major event for many nations. For New Zealand, much of the memorialization focused on the campaign at Gallipoli, which has become an important pa...

This thesis constructs a history surrounding the organization and hanging of the 1910 International Exhibition of Pictorial Photography, which was arranged by Alfred Stieglitz and the Photo-Secession for the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery (then the Albright Art Gallery). This history identifies those involved in the planning and execution of the exhibition and is presented as a timeline of events revealed largely through correspondence between Stieglitz and Cornelia Sage, Director of the Albright Art Gallery. This thesis also examines in detail the installation of the 594 selected works exhibited at the Buffalo institution. In addition, this thesis project outlines the procedure of developing a small exhibition to honor the centennial anniversary of the International Exhibition of Pictorial Photography. Presented to the curatorial staff at George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film in Rochester, New York, the proposed exhibition is intended to hang during the 2010 calendar year.

Jackson County Library Services (JCLS) is celebrating its centennial this year, and in 2020, we will be transitioning away from a contract with Library Systems and Services, and moving into our own library district. With this transition comes a lot of discussion about where we have come from, and how we want to represent ourselves as a system for the next 100 years. Jackson County is 2,802 square miles and has 15 libraries to serve its 11 incorporated cities and 34 unincorporated communities. That is a lot of kids and families wanting quality library programming. However, what the kids and families want in our Applegate branch could be very different from what the kids and families an hour south at our Ashland branch would want. It’s also important, though, that no matter which of the 15 branches is closest to you, you can walk in there and find not only relevant materials, but also experience a variety of fun, educational, and meaningful programming. This is why I look for “consistency, not cookie-cutter” when coordinating library services at our many branches. So the question for me, as the district youth services coordinator, was “how do I make sure that all 15 branches are providing the same level of service, that they are all working towards the JCLS mission, but also not take away from their individuality?”

The year 2018 was the centennial of the naming of heparin by Emmett Holt and William Howell and the 102nd anniversary of Jay McLean's discovery of an anticoagulant heparphosphatide at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. This article discusses recently discovered historical artifacts that shed new light on heparin's christening, including McLean's unpublished letter written in 1950 that represents one of the most complete accounts of heparin's discovery before his untimely death. In addition, the article describes the finding of a plaque dedicated to McLean and explores the circumstances of its removal from public display, as learned from interviews with present and former staff members.

Dr. Peter Stone is the David Bruton, Jr. Centennial Professor and Associate Chair of Computer Science, as well as Director of Texas Robotics, at the University of Texas at Austin. In 2013 he was awarded the University of Texas System Regents’ Outstanding Teaching Award and in 2014 he was inducted into the UT Austin Academy of Distinguished Teachers, earning him the title of University Distinguished Teaching Professor. Professor Stone’s research interests in Artificial Intelligence include machine learning (especially reinforcement learning), multiagent systems, and robotics. Professor Stone received his Ph.D in Computer Science in 1998 from Carnegie Mellon University. From 1999 to 2002 he was a Senior Technical Staff Member in the Artificial Intelligence Principles Research Department at AT&T Labs - Research. He is an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, Guggenheim Fellow, AAAI Fellow, IEEE Fellow, AAAS Fellow, Fulbright Scholar, and 2004 ONR Young Investigator. In 2007 he received the prestigious IJCAI Computers and Thought Award, given biannually to the top AI researcher under the age of 35, and in 2016 he was awarded the ACM/SIGAI Autonomous Agents Research Award. Professor Stone co-founded Cogitai, Inc., a startup company focused on continual learning, in 2015, and currently serves as Executive Director of Sony AI America.

“The show must go on” Proverbial—initially applied to the United States 1876 centennial celebrations and originally printed in The Morning Republican (Scranton, PA) on 13 December 1875. No other ti...

By some accounts, ducks were domesticated between 400 and 10,000 yr ago and have been a growing portion of the poultry industry for decades. Ducks specifically, and waterfowl in general, have unique health, housing, nutrition and welfare concerns compared to their galliform counterparts. Although there have been many research publications in regards to health, nutrition, behavior, and welfare of ducks there have been very few reviews to provide an overview of these numerous studies, and only one text has attempted to review all aspects of the duck industry, from breeders to meat ducks. This review covers incubation, hatching, housing, welfare, nutrition, and euthanasia and highlights the needs for additional research at all levels of duck production. The purpose of this review is to provide guidelines to raise and house ducks for research as specifically related to industry practices.

Those changes that have shocked us will undoubtedly come from different factors. The most shocking of those changes will likely be from autonomous driving vehicles (including driverless cars) that will fully drive into our lives, even faster than we expected.

International audience; There is myriad evidence that global warming is exerting a profoundly disruptive influence on the lifeways of modern native (Yup'ik) communities living in the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) delta of southwestern Alaska. Yup'ik subsistence is intimately tied to seasonal change and the ability to accurately predict the availability of plant and animal resources. It therefore seems reasonable to suggest that periods of climatic instability such as the Little Ice Age (LIA) may have had a deleterious effect on Yup'ik communities in the past. However, at present there are no palaeotemperature records that document the localised climatic changes of the last millennium in the Y-K Delta region. This lack of data hinders our understanding of the archaeological record from the site of Nunalleq, which is situated at the heart of the delta and was occupied during the LIA. To address this oversight, this paper presents the results of a Coleoptera (beetle) based climate reconstruction from a peat profile in the vicinity of Nunalleq to investigate the magnitude of Late Holocene climatic changes. Using the Mutual Climatic Range (MCR) method, we reconstruct mean summer and winter temperatures from the mid-15th to late-19th centuries. The results indicate that the past environments of Nunalleq were characterised by a climate significantly cooler than the present. The earliest definitive evidence for Little Ice Age cooling dates from the late 16th century, when mean summer temperatures were at least 1.2ᵒC below the modern mean. Temperatures appear to have remained lower than modern until the early 19th century. The coolest Nunalleq record – 1.3ᵒC below the modern mean summer temperatures – is centred on AD 1815, after which there is evidence for climatic amelioration. These data present differences with observations from other regions of Alaska and underline the importance of more local palaeoclimate reconstructions, particularly when interrogating the relationships between past climatic and social change.

This column is the third in a series summarizing the 2-day Centennial Conference of the Austen Riggs Center. The conference framed problems in access to care and in the nature of care provided that are part of a mental health crisis in America and then worked to propose solutions. This column addresses problems with access to care and summarizes the conference's closing keynote by Peter Fonagy, PhD, OBE, addressing issues both of access to care and of the nature of care provided. These issues play roles in ultimately "bending the curve" to improve outcomes for those struggling with mental and substance use disorders.

Established in 1919 by Hollywood's top talent United Artists has had an illustrious history, from Hollywood minor to industry leader to a second-tier media company in the shadow of MGM. This edited collection brings together leading film historians to examine key aspects of United Artists' centennial history from its origins to the sometimes chaotic developments of the last four decades. The focus is on several key executives – ranging from Joseph Schenck to Paula Wagner and Tom Cruise – and on many of the people making films for United Artists, including Gloria Swanson, David O. Selznick, Kirk Douglas, the Mirisch brothers and Woody Allen. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, individual case studies explore the mutually supportive but also in places highly contentious relationships between United Artists and its producers, the difficult balance between artistic and commercial objectives, and the resulting hits and misses (among them The General, the Pink Panther franchise, Heaven’s Gate, Cruising, and Hot Tub Time Machine). The second volume in the Routledge Hollywood Centenary series, United Artists is a fascinating and comprehensive study of the firm’s history and legacy, perfect for students and researchers of cinema and film history, media industries, and Hollywood.

This column is the first in a series summarizing the 2-day Centennial Conference of the Austen Riggs Center. The conference framed problems in access to care and in the nature of care provided that are part of a mental health crisis in America, and then worked to propose solutions. This column focuses on framing the problems and on beginning to address what it might take to "bend the curve" in mental health outcomes.

Printed editions of local press show significant resilience to the impact of the digital society within the Spanish market for printed publications. By number of mastheads and total circulation, these have proven to be the driving force of the Spanish press, as reflected on the number of deep-rooted centennial titles. Disaggregated analysis of their circulation data, using descriptive statistics applied to time series (2001-2018) data from OJD, strengthens the historic difference between the Northern and Southern regions of Spain, where the first one shows higher adaptability and a better fit with digital media consumption.; Las ediciones impresas de la prensa local presentan, en el mercado español de publicaciones periódicas en papel, cierta resiliencia al impacto de la sociedad digital. Por número de cabeceras y difusión total, constituyen el motor de la prensa española, donde gozan del arraigo que se refleja en su número de títulos centenarios. El análisis desagregado de su difusión, mediante estadística descriptiva aplicada a series temporales (2001-2018), con datos de OJD, indica una significativa diferencia entre el Norte y el Sur de España, donde el primero muestra más capacidad de adaptación e hibrida mejor con el consumo digital.

Through an examination of the Monroe Doctrine’s centennial anniversary, chapter five demonstrates that after the Senate’s rejection of the Treaty of Versailles, the doctrine’s meaning and the core values that it represented remained contested. Several events were held across the United States in 1923 that celebrated the wisdom of the doctrine one hundred years after its enunciation, yet the centennial was not an isolated episode of celebration. It served as a milestone in the debate over the meaning and application of the doctrine that had been taking place since the Spanish–American War. After one hundred years of service, the doctrine remained central to the way in which Americans understood the role of the United States in the world and its national security.

As legal scholarship on the interactions among artificial intelligence (AI) and the rule of law advances, quantum computing is rapidly moving from scientific theory into reality, offering unprecedented potential for what AI will accomplish. To anticipate what the rule of law will offer when quantum becomes real, Part I introduces a future reality in which a new machine-based legal system, quantum law, governs humankind. Time travelling forward to 2058, the centennial birthday of the Internet, Part II surveys the condition of the world, in which the rule of law serves an essential purpose—to extend the survival of humankind. Part III offers the text of an imagined keynote address in that year, describing the foundations on which justice has evolved and quantum law is administered. Part IV concludes by challenging custodians of the law to think differently about how to fit law and technology together, while still preserving and advancing the humane values cherished as principles of the rule of law today—compassion, forgiveness, redemption, equality and fairness.

Wind power has become one of the cost-effective options for improving the energy mix, while the wind farm installations reach higher shares by new capacity additions in Turkey, similar to many other countries, in order to support the sustainable development targets. Various methodologies are implemented and applied for planning and optimizing energy systems of countries, taking into consideration the energy, economy, and ecology aspects as a whole. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the implications of "2023 energy targets" policy in terms of wind power. A futuristic scenario was tailored and applied to a comprehensive energy model for the energy system of Turkey. The official wind energy vision and goal of Turkey were analyzed by applying a scenario based on 20,000 MW wind power capacity installation by the year 2023. The results indicated that, if applied, this action will increase the share of wind power utilization to the level of 16 % in the total renewables while the installed wind capacity will reach 18 %. Finally, the total cost of this strategic target which doubles the installed capacity and electricity generation by wind power, including the respective investment costs and subsidizations results, were calculated as $24.78 billion on the analysis horizon.

This year marks the centennial of the American Geophysical Union advancing Earth and space science and 89 years of hydrologic science. The last 100 years have seen science and technology dancing a harmonious and progressively accelerated waltz. Hydroelectric power generation has made widespread electrification possible, while the rise of electronics and the advent of computers have enabled hydrologists to exploit increasingly complex models. Scientists and engineers have conquered space, and now satellite-based products and remotely sensed data have become indispensable inputs for hydrometeorological forecasting. Yet several important elements that have accompanied humanity’s history – nature, culture, and people – have been relegated; and it is only very recently, in the face of modern challenges, that they have attracted substantial attention. The advent of robust, cheap, and low-maintenance sensing equipment provides unprecedented opportunities for data collection, especially in a citizen science context. While citizens have been present throughout the history of scientific practice, developments in sensing technology, data processing and visualization, and the communication of ideas and results, are creating a wide range of new opportunities for public participation in scientific research. Integrating societal knowledge with hydrologic science, however, is not only a task for the 21st century. Historically, many civilizations have developed local water harvesting and management practices that cope with water stress by using ancient and nature-based knowledge. Indeed, indigenous peoples developed solutions that were inspired and supported by nature, and use, or mimic, natural processes to contribute to improved water management and to safeguard their water security. Technological development and knowledge integration also have a more fundamental impact on the way in which hydrologic knowledge advances, how it flows between different actors, how it disrupts power relations, and thus how it influences decisions and policy-making. We envisage that, in the next century, hydrologic science will benefit from co-creating knowledge that emerges from citizens, resonates with nature, and integrates ancient wisdom.

Yonsei Dermatology celebrated its centennial in 2017, marking 100 years since Kung Sun Oh established the first Department of Dermatology and Urology in Korea in 1917. Following the footsteps of Kung Sun Oh, a pioneer of Korean dermatology, its members united and worked to provide the best medical service and achieve academic milestones in dermatology. Over the past hundred years, Yonsei Dermatology has played a pivotal role in the advancement of medical science and academia in Korea. The main activities of the department include medical care, education, and dermatologic research. Its research activities have encompassed a wide spectrum of dermatologic manifestations from skin immunology and pathology to introduction of newly developed treatment technologies. As Kung Sun Oh was the first Korean professor of dermatology at Severance Medical School and a passionate educator, we continue to serve his will by nurturing medical students and dermatology specialists to serve as global medical leaders. The Kung Sun Oh Memorial Lecture, first hosted in 1977, was the beginning of mutual international academic exchange in the field of dermatology in Korea. The memorial lecture has played a major role in advancing the academic status of Korean dermatological science by inviting distinguished dermatologists from around the world as guest lecturers. Yonsei Dermatology has played a key role in the history of modern medicine and dermatology in Korea over the last 100 years and continues to make an impact.

American craft beer style and flavor is often driven by the unique qualities of American hops. Cascade, Chinook, and Centennial hops are used prominently for dry-hopping singly and/or in blends to ...

Cascade, Chinook, and Centennial hops are used extensively throughout the brewing industry either individually or in various combinations to add hoppy aroma to beer. This high use of hops, particul...

The addition of hops to fermented beer in the presence of yeast may result in a secondary fermentation commonly referred to as “after-fermentation,” “dry-hop creep,” “ABV creep,” and “the freshenin...

The Kazakh poet Abai Qunanbaiuly (1845–1904) today enjoys a dual legacy as the father of modern Kazakh literature (as distinct from its oral tradition) and also as an enlightener who translated the Russian classics into Kazakh and acted as a vital bridge between the two cultures. Much of Abai's reputation owes its existence to the twentieth-century author, critic, and scholar Mukhtar Auezov (1897–1961), whose biographical writings on the poet formed the standard narrative of his life and work. Initiated in 1937, the year of the Pushkin centennial celebrations in the Soviet Union, Auezov's literary canonization of Abai hinges on the poet's acquisition of the Russian language and his transformative encounters with Russian-language texts – most notably among them, Pushkin's Dubrovskii and Evgenii Onegin. In Auezov's account, Abai's efforts lead to the discovery of an authentically Kazakh literary voice, heralded by his successful adaptation of Pushkin's Evgenii Onegin into traditional Kazakh song form. In analyzing this prominent episode of the Abai legend, I argue that Russian literature's “conquest” in Central Asia was in fact a multifaceted dialogue in which writers laid the foundation for distinct national literary traditions by appropriating the literature of the colonizer – and in particular by reading, translating, displacing, domesticating, and “disorienting” the figure of Pushkin.

Rachel Churner introduces essays by Annette Michelson and Rosalind Krauss on Soviet cinema, reprinted in conjunction with the centennial of the October revolution. Published in the early 1970s, these essays provide a glimpse into how the founders of October thought about the revolution—and, in particular, Sergei Eisenstein's film October, which commemorated the tenth anniversary of the revolution—in the years before they started their publication.

Influenza Cataclysm, 1918 This year marks the centennial of an influenza pandemic that killed 50 million to 100 million people globally — arguably the single deadliest event in recorded human histo...

After reviewing and publishing numerous short essays (brief notes and voices from practice) on social work responses to the pandemic of COVID-19, we have reflected on the challenges and opportunities during this centennial crisis. We are proud of our professional peers who are working with communities during very difficult times all around the world. At the same time, we may have to confess that we have mainly focused our eyes and minds on the well-being of humans. We always say that social work put efforts on various levels: the intra-personal, interpersonal, person-in-environment (PIE), intra-organizational, inter-organizational, inter-generational, and international. However, we pay a lot less attention to the sustainability of our natural environment.