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This article presents the results of an ethnographic study of student humor in a French elite higher education institution, specifically how students in the student community use the term polard. The data was collected between 2014 and 2018 in one of France’s most prestigious elite higher education institution. There are two main ways this term is used as humor, indirectly mocking students, notably those outside the student community, a practice that constructs the polard as a foil figure of a student who spends all their time doing schoolwork and refrains from participating in extracurricular activities, and teasing friends and acquaintances in interactions following a devalued behavior, seeming over-concerned with studies. Furthermore, there exist interactional scripts students can use to successfully navigate these teasing interactions without losing face. Finally, this humor is discussed in relation to the elite setting, as it is linked to the social closure of these elite higher education institutions, and it contributes to the production of an elite student community, by socializing students to privileged self-presentations characterized by ease and by creating distinctions between students, separating the truly elite students from the others.

Background: In Brazil, the most relevant scorpions for public health are species of the genus Tityus: T. serrulatus, T. bahiensis, T. obscurus and T. stigmurus, the latter occurring mainly in Ceara, showing that severe cases affect more the population at risk, children under 14 years old. Objectives: The survey aims to identify what are the clinical and laboratory changes in children and teenagers affected by scorpion bites, as well as predictive factors in severe cases. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective and quantitative study of poisoning by scorpion accidents attended and notified by the Toxicological Assistance Center of Fortaleza (CIATOX / CE) from January to December 2019. Results: 820 records were diverted, in which 425 (51.83%) women were killed, of which only 3 (0.37%) were pregnant. Regarding the age group, 1-3 years old is more frequent, 183 (22.32%). The species T. stigmurus 534 cases, (65.12%), the feet region 271 cases (33.04%); the origin of the municipality of Fortaleza 773 (94.15%) and the regional II 122 cases (15.78%) had higher occurrences. Of the 820 cases, only 12 underwent laboratory tests, showing changes such as leukocytosis leukocytosis (72.7%), platelets (63.6%), hyperglycemia (83.3%), TGO (100%), LDH (100%), CK - MB (100%) and Amylase (30%). Conclusion: It was found that the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory profile of children and adolescentes is associated with the severity of scorpionism, which indicates an emergency characteristic, especially when it affects children. Keywords: Scorpions, Clinic Epidemiology, Intoxications, Children and youth, Tityus.

Tobacco Free Ireland is an Irish Government policy which demands that the prevalence of tobacco smoking in Ireland be less than 5% by 2025. From 1995 to 2015, teen smoking decreased from 41% in 1995 to 13.1% in 2015, and SimSmoke modelling suggested that the 5% 2025 target was achievable in this group [1]. But, in 2019, current smoking (smoked in the past 30 days) increased overall from 13.1% in 2015 to 14.4% in 2019, with the increase being greater in boys than girls (16.2% versus 12.8%) [2]. This threatens the Tobacco Free Ireland endgame. Here, we draw on data from two waves (2015 and 2019) of the Irish ESPAD (European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs) to analyse the use of tobacco products by teenagers and offer an explanation for the change., Smoking prevalence decreased in Irish teenagers in all ESPAD survey waves from 1995 until 2015. However, in ESPAD 2019, current teen smoking and e-cigarette use increased, threatening Ireland's 5% prevalence tobacco endgame strategy. https://bit.ly/3yXVAyN

In the absence of a wide-ranging literary history that would take into account both the initial impetus for New Narrative’s creation and the changes wrought as a younger generation came on the scen...

Cough is the most common symptom leading people to seek medical attention and, therefore, its clinical management is of fundamental importance. Management of chronic cough relies on identification and treatment of the background disorder maintaining the cough. Asthma, upper airway cough syndrome (UACS; previously called postnasal drip syndrome or chronic rhinosinusitis) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) are the most common background disorders in chronic cough [1]., Sputum production may suggest asthma as the most probable background disorder maintaining the cough https://bit.ly/2Qk8aar

Purpose A pharmacy services call center (PSCC) was implemented to centralize pharmacy phone calls and reduce interruptions of dispensing activities in 7 community pharmacies of an academic health center. An evaluation was conducted to define, quantify, and compare the numbers and types of phone interruptions before and 3 months after PSCC implementation. Methods Through structured, direct observation of pharmacy staff, the numbers and types of “breaks in task” (BIT) due to phone interruptions and other distractions were identified. A standardized data collection tool formatted on tablet computers was used by trained observers to document BIT for 3-hour time blocks on 5 consecutive business days (2 days of pharmacist observation and 3 days of technician observation, for a total of 10 observation days per pharmacy). Results Over 5,000 prescriptions were processed during 414 hours of observation (13.3 prescriptions per observation hour). Overall, BIT due to phone interruptions totaled 2.2 BIT per observation hour, with those interruptions reduced by 46.4% overall after PSCC implementation (by 30.0% in 4 small pharmacies and by 57.5% in 3 large pharmacies). Technicians were more likely than pharmacists to be interrupted by phone vs nonphone BIT (eg, distraction by another technician, pharmacist, or patient). Comparison of phone vs nonphone BIT suggested an overall 46.0% reduction in phone BIT in all pharmacies (reductions of 42.4% and 45.0% in large and small pharmacies, respectively). Conclusion PSCC implementation noticeably decreased the amount of phone interruptions and distractions for employees.

Teaching Computer Science in all level of education is not easy, because most students are scared of the programming. Therefore, most of the teachers in Slovak schools prefer to teach special software for a spreadsheet editor, presentation programs, etc. This contribution deals with our experience of using an educational board BBC micro:bit in the educational process. We will explain some of our prepared tasks for teaching programming concepts, which we used for teaching with BBC micro:bit in primary, secondary schools, and university. In the article, we will also focus on various types of extensions, which could be used together with micro:bit. We will explain the results of our research and look at whether using BBC micro:bit can increase the student's motivation for learning programming.

Anemia is the world's second leading cause of disability and because of that, it becomes one of the most serious global public health problems. Pregnant women who suffer from anemia are at risk of having miscarriage, babies born prematurely, low birth weight babies, and bleeding before and after delivery. This study aims to understand the effectiveness of giving beta vulgaris L (beet) fruit juice in increasing hemoglobin levels for anemic pregnant women. This research is a Quasi Experiment, using the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were 30 pregnant women who came for ANC examinations in October-December 2019. The sampling technique used was the total sampling technique. The data used for this research was the secondary data collected from the profile of the Jayapura City Health Office. Meanwhile, the primary data were collected using observation sheets and a digital haemometer. The analysis technique used was the Dependent T test (Paired Sample Test). This study showed the frequency distribution data before intervention, the level of mild anemia was 46.7% and moderate anemia was 53.3%. Based on the results of the Paired Sample T-Test, the value of p = 0.000 (p 0.05) was obtained. Beta vulgaris L (beet) fruit juice is effective for increasing Hb levels of pregnant women with anemia. Keyword : Anemia, Beta Vulgaris L (Beet) juice, pregnant women, haemoglobin

Understanding regional differences in the aetiology of bronchiectasis will be crucial to make a strategy to control the disease burden related to bronchiectasis. In Asia, where the prevalence of bronchiectasis is substantially higher than in Western countries [1], previous tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of bronchiectasis [2, 3]. Accordingly, the successful national TB control programme may be an effective strategy to reduce the disease burden of bronchiectasis in many Asian countries. However, to date, no data have supported this assumption. In South Korea, the incidence of TB has declined following government-led TB control programmes, which have changed the country's status from a high-TB burden nation to an intermediate-TB burden country [4]. Thus, the relationship between the incidences of TB and bronchiectasis in South Korea probably provides an answer to this research question. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether TB control was associated with a reduced incidence of bronchiectasis in South Korea, with consideration of other potential factors that can influence the incidence of bronchiectasis., In South Korea, the estimated incidences of bronchiectasis were 147–229 cases per 100000 with a decreasing trend. It may follow the concurrent decrease in the TB prevalence and incidence, and favourable personal and socioeconomic conditions. https://bit.ly/32UA8xH

Pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective intervention for people with chronic lung disease, with evidence for improvements in exercise capacity, breathlessness and health-related quality of life [1]. It is strongly recommended in clinical guidelines for the management of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [2] and there is growing evidence for its effectiveness in other respiratory conditions [3–5]. The majority of pulmonary rehabilitation programmes are centre based, requiring participants to attend an outpatient centre for every session of supervised exercise and education related to self-management [6]., Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation is a clinically effective alternative for people who cannot attend centre-based programmes https://bit.ly/33qPx7A

Exercise intolerance is characteristically multi-factorial in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [1]. At least in symptomatic patients with moderate-to-severe airflow limitation, higher operating lung volumes assume a relevant role in decreasing patients’ tolerance to sustain “prolonged” exercise. As a consequence of the dynamic increase in the end-expiratory lung volume, tidal volume (VT) occurs close to total lung capacity (TLC), thereby reducing the room for further lung–chest wall expansion. The combination of low dynamic lung compliance and a severely reduced inspiratory reserve volume causes a mismatch between a growing respiratory neural drive and the resulting lung–chest wall displacement [2]. It has been postulated that such critical inspiratory constraints (CIC) lead to a plateau in VT, and a concomitant increase in dyspnoea as a function of ventilation (V′E) [3]. Accordingly, patients change their perception of the uncomfortable respiratory sensations from “laboured breathing” to “insufficient inspiration”, prompting early exercise termination [4]., The concept of critical inspiratory constraints is key to the modern understanding of exercise pathophysiology in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD https://bit.ly/2A6bCxD

Background Many older adults are sexually active, and STIs are rising amongst this cohort. In primary care, sexual health discussions are limited as health-care practitioners commonly assume older patients aged 60+ are not sexually active or are unwilling to discuss sex. Studies have either examined patient or clinician views, but not both. Objective This study investigates sexual health discussions in general practice. It is unique in that it sought perspectives of different groups: older patients, health-care professionals and key informants. Results Qualitative interviews revealed that older patients expect clinicians to bring up sexual concerns, whereas clinicians prefer older patients to do so. A simple electronic solution to circumvent this impasse was suggested and discussed. Conclusions Older adults would like to discuss sexual concerns with their health-care providers. Given the rising rates of STIs in later life, sexual health discussions with older patients must become part of routine care.

BackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) has been increasing globally over the past three decades. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is a challenge in both developed as well as developing countries. Self-management guidelines include maintaining logbooks for blood glucose, physical activity, and dietary intake that affect glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and a multitude of life-threatening acute complications. Innovative, cost-effective interventions along with beneficial lifestyle modifications can improve home-based self-monitoring of blood glucose in T1D patients. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between maintaining log books for blood glucose levels, reinforcement by e-messages, and/or daily step count and changes in HbA1c.Methods/designA randomized controlled trial will enroll participants aged 15 years and above in four groups. Each group of 30 participants will be working with a newly designed standard log book for documenting their blood glucose. The first group will be entirely on routine clinical care, the second group will be on routine care and will receive an additional e-device for recording step count (fit bit), the third group will receive routine care and daily motivational e-messages to maintain the log book, and the fourth group along with routine care will receive an e-device for measuring step count (fit bit) and e-messages about maintaining the log book. Patients will be enrolled from pediatric and endocrine clinics of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. All groups will be followed up for a period of 6 months to evaluate outcomes. Log book data will be obtained every 3 months electronically or during a patient’s clinic visit. HbA1c as a main outcome will be measured at baseline and will be evaluated twice every 3 months. A baseline questionnaire will determine the socio-demographic, nutritional, and physical activity profile of patients. Clinical information for T1D and other co-morbidities for age of onset, duration, complications, hospitalizations, habits for managing T1D, and other lifestyle characteristics will be ascertained. Behavioral modifications for maintaining daily log books as a routine, following e-messages alone, fit bit alone, or e-messages plus using fit bit will be assessed for changes in HbA1c using a generalized estimated equation.DiscussionThe proposed interventions will help identify whether maintaining log books for blood glucose, motivational e-messages, and/or daily step count will reduce HbA1c levels.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov,NCT03864991. March 6, 2019.

Climate change-related perceptions and communication are important factors influencing people’s support for climate change policies and individual behavior. Since research on both climate change-re...

Indian courts have had limited opportunities to deal with bilateral investment treaty (BIT) arbitrations. In this paper we examine the interactions between BIT arbitration and Indian courts through...

Let [Formula: see text] be an RSA public key with private exponent [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are large primes of the same bit size. At Eurocrypt 96, Coppersmith presented a polynomial-time algorithm for finding small roots of univariate modular equations based on lattice reduction and then succussed to factorize the RSA modulus. Since then, a series of attacks on the key equation [Formula: see text] of RSA have been presented. In this paper, we show that many of such attacks can be unified in a single attack using a new notion called Coppersmith’s interval. We determine a Coppersmith’s interval for a given RSA public key [Formula: see text] The interval is valid for any variant of RSA, such as Multi-Prime RSA, that uses the key equation. Then we show that RSA is insecure if [Formula: see text] provided that we have approximation [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] The attack is an extension of Coppersmith’s result.

At the moment, it feels good to belong to the National Health Service (NHS). While I am not on the frontline of the struggle against the coronavirus pandemic, I think I am contributing my bit in su...

The quality of life of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients has dramatically improved in the approximately two decades since biological agents were first introduced for its treatment [1]. However, whether current treatment strategies for RA have helped improve the prognosis of patients suffering from complications due to RA remains controversial. National data from the USA have shown that the mortality rate of RA-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD), a major complication associated with a poor prognosis in RA patients, seems to be gradually increasing, whereas the mortality rate of patients with any type of RA-associated disease has been decreasing [2]., The rates of death due to RA-LD among deaths from any type of RA-related cause have been increasing in Japan. A large-scale study is required to explain this trend. http://bit.ly/2Ew8fhW

Encouragement of regular physical activity is a cornerstone in the treatment of COPD [1], since physical inactivity leads to increased mortality and hospitalisation rates [2, 3]. Additionally, regular physical activity has shown a protective effect on lung function decline in subgroups [4]., Although accelerometers are extensively validated to estimate energy expenditure in patients with COPD, they show significant differences in non-worn time and type of activity registration http://bit.ly/32fa7WR

The published materials are the correspondence of Maxim Gorky and Abraham Leibovich Vysotsky, which had been awaiting publication for many years. Publishers raise the question of A.L. Vysotsky’s place in Jewish literature in Russian and in Russian literature. It is noted that Vysotsky’s works, appreciated by M. Gorky, who published a number of them in the journals “Letopis’” and “Beseda”, were not included in the canon of both Russian literature as well as its RussianJewish branch, and Israeli literature in Russian . The writer's biography, genesis and poetics of his works have so far remained beyond the attention of researchers, and one of the objectives of this publication is to try to fill this gap. In the introductory article, relying on archival materials, Vysotsky’s biography is reconstructed, a number of important facts are clarified, including his date of birth, information about his education, literary activity and connection with the Zionist movement is presented, the most significant periods of his life in Russia and Eretz Israel, where he repatriated in 1920, are described, and information on translations of his works into other languages and experiments on their staging is reported. Particular attention of the publishers is focused on the history of interaction between Vysotsky and Gorky who never met personally. This interaction developed exclusively in correspondence, which initially concerned Vysotsky’s attempts to offer his short stories to Gorky for publication in his journals. Letters are published according to autographs from the Gorky Archive (Institute of World Literature). The publication is supplemented by two appendixes containing Vysotsky's essay “Maxim Gorky and Zionism” and his drama “Blood of the Maccabees”.

In this study, the authors construct two different distinguishers on Grain-v1 with 112 and 114 initialisation rounds. Their first distinguisher can distinguish Grain-v1 with 112 initialisation rounds from a uniform random source for 99% of the randomly chosen keys from full key space. The second one can distinguish Grain-v1 from a random source for 73% of the randomly chosen keys for one-fourth of the total key space (2 78 keys out of 2 80 keys). Our results improve upon the earlier distinguishers. The technique used for the distinguishers is conditional differential cryptanalysis. The existing works in this direction considered only one bit difference in the initialisation vector. However, for the first time, they could handle complicated conditions for the 2-bit difference to obtain better cryptanalytic results. Extending their technique by allowing the 1-bit difference in the pair of keys (i.e. related keys) and the 4-bit difference in IVs, they could observe the non-randomness till 116 initialisation rounds with a success in 62% cases.

Communication assistance is a form of specialist support for witnesses and defendants in justice settings who have been identified as having communication difficulties. This relatively new role in New Zealand is modelled on the role of the intermediary in England and Wales. This research provides a qualitative analysis of professionals’ perspectives (n = 28 participants) on the challenges of communication assistance for young people facing criminal charges in the New Zealand youth justice system. The findings of this study do not question whether or not communication assistance should exist, but rather how it might best function in practice. The overall implications are that more education and guidance for youth justice professionals is needed.

LINE-1 (long interspersed nuclear element-1) is a group of polymorphic DNA sequences in the human genome that mobilise via RNA binding proteins, reverse transcriptase and endonuclease to alter the host genome via mutational insertions, chromosomal rearrangements and reprogramming of gene expression (reviewed by Ramos et al. [1]). Full-length LINE-1 sequences encode two proteins: L1-ORF1p, a 40-kDa protein with nucleic acid binding activity; and L1-ORF2p, a 150-kDa protein with endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activities. The activity of LINE-1 is repressed in somatic tissues via DNA methylation and covalent protein modifications, and reactivated by displacement of retinoblastoma-associated proteins from the regulatory region [2]. Recent studies in our laboratory have implicated LINE-1 as a master regulator of human bronchial epithelial cell phenotypes in experimental in vitro and in vivo models [3]., In a population-based study, higher circulating levels of L1-ORF1p were associated with lower lung function levels and increased risk for airflow limitation among former smokers http://bit.ly/2ZEIjNv

Global attention is gradually turning to focus on the problem of prolonged illness following acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), commonly termed ‘Long COVID’ or Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Whilst an increasing number of reports now recognise this condition, accurate characterisation of its prevalence, clinical features and natural history is complicated by choice of denominator population, lack of case definition and marked self-selection bias. Nevertheless, a picture is emerging of a syndrome characterised predominantly by fatigue, dyspnoea, chest tightness, and ‘brain fog’ present in around 10–30% of individuals at 2–3 months post-acute infection and affecting both those with initial severe illness and those in whom acute infection was mild [1–3].

A new series explores the role of sex and gender-related factors in respiratory physiology, lung health, and across respiratory diseaseshttps://bit.ly/3mP0BVF

Bronchiectasis is a complex and heterogeneous condition characterised by persistent airway dilation, mucus hypersecretion, and recurrent respiratory infectious exacerbations. Numerous diseases and external insults may trigger the process of developing bronchiectasis, which makes the management of this disease even more challenging [1]. Until a few decades ago, bronchiectasis was considered an orphan disease due to its low prevalence, little recognition of its importance even by pulmonologists, and lack of proven effective therapies for its management. However, in recent years, bronchiectasis has no longer been considered an orphan disease [2]. The improvement and greater availability of diagnostic imaging methods associated with new studies aimed to understand the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis has opened a new chapter for this disease [3]., Bronchiectasis has received increasing attention in recent years. At the same time, studies have shown a high incidence of this disease, especially in older populations, associated with high health-related costs and economic burden. https://bit.ly/2WPfVZ7

OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of bit chewing on gastrointestinal transit in clinically normal horses. STUDY DESIGN Prospective crossover designed study. ANIMALS Six healthy adult horses. METHODS Horses were assigned randomly to treatment (apple flavored bit) and control (no-bit) groups and studied for 2 × 1-week trial periods with a 2-week washout period between trials. Horses were fasted for 24 h and slowly refed over 3 days. The bit was placed for 20 min every 6 h. Duodenal contractions and borborygmi auscultations were evaluated every 12 h, approximately 5 min following bit placement. Gastrointestinal total transit time (GI TTT) was measured by administering 200 colored beads via stomach tube and then collected in the manure until 50% and 80% were recovered. Measured variables were compared using an ANOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the P value was noted. RESULTS The GI TTT was shortened in the bit chewing group (median: 106.37 h, range: 70-171 h) compared to the no-bit group (median: 170.1 h, range: 149-186 h) (P = .0156) at 80% bead passage (only 4/6 horses passed 80%). Borborygmi (P = .8193), duodenal contractions (P = .2605), and 50% bead passage (P = .0781) showed no differences. CONCLUSION Bit chewing was safe, inexpensive, and well tolerated. Bit chewing shortened GI TTT and might be an adjunct therapy to augment GI TTT. Further clinical studies are warranted. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Ileus is a common complication following equine abdominal surgery with no current consistently successful treatment. Bit chewing may be a simple and inexpensive way to augment progressive GI motility.

This editorial discusses 1) why data from real life should be included in clinical practice guidelines, and 2) how to integrate this real-life evidence in the guideline development processhttps://bit.ly/3wdLBDH

The reported effect of CPAP on cardiovascular outcomes in sleep apnoea should be interpreted with caution and several factors must be considered before definite conclusions can be drawnhttps://bit.ly/3lLQG4d

As clinicians, we are aware that prescribing a treatment is one thing, patients taking the treatment as prescribed is quite another. Adherence, which describes “the extent to which a patient correctly follows medical instructions” [1] is generally poor for long-term therapy for chronic illnesses. A systematic review of 37 studies in patients with COPD found that nonadherence to treatment ranged from 22 to 93% [2]. In young adults aged 15–30 years with asthma a meta-analysis of 16 studies demonstrated a pooled adherence to inhaled corticosteroid treatment of only 28% (95% CI 20–38%; p, The latest issue of Breathe focuses on adherence to treatment: read the introductory editorial by Chief Editor @ClaudiaCDobler https://bit.ly/3vVRjKU

Lung volume reduction options for severe emphysema patients are more and more recognised as a valid treatment option. In this issue of ERJ Open Research, Dooms et al. [1] present the results of a single centre cohort study which evaluated endobronchial valve (EBV) treatment and compared it with patients who were not eligible to undergo the treatment due to collateral ventilation. Afterwards, the patients who were not candidates for EBV treatment and the non-responders to the EBV treatment were evaluated, and if eligible, treated with surgical lung volume reduction (LVRS). With this design, the authors tried to combine and present multiple studies in one article, which made the study complex and difficult to draw conclusions from. However, the study does describe the current clinical practice with regards to the choice and potential order of bronchoscopic or LVRS treatments in patients with severe emphysema, which go hand in hand, and therefore is helpful in the guidance of routine care., Pragmatic studies and capturing routine care clinical data in registration databases are important to further guide and optimise treatments in the future https://bit.ly/3el1lh7

Until we have more comprehensive data from all regions in the world, we must be careful not to apply GLI equations indiscriminatelyhttps://bit.ly/3g1r9Q5

Background: Emergency Centres (ECs) have a prominent trauma burden requiring effective pain management. This study aimed to review analgesia-prescribing habits in minor trauma, reviewing the patient demographics and diagnoses, analgesia-prescribing habits of health care professionals (HCPs) managing these cases, and differences in prescribing noted by patients’ age group, gender and triage code. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in a regional EC in KwaZulu-Natal. HCPs managing minor trauma patients completed a closed-ended questionnaire which indicated the patients’ demographics, diagnosis and analgesia prescribed. Results: The study comprised of 314 cases of which the demographic most represented were male patients aged between 20–30 years with soft tissue injuries. Simple analgesics and weak opioids (paracetamol, ibuprofen and tramadol) accounted for 87.9% of prescriptions. Referral clinics prescribed less analgesics than that provided in the EC. There were mostly no significant differences in prescription habits by patients’ age group, gender and triage code. Conclusion: Presenting complaints in our study were varied and likely to result in mild to moderate pain. Only a minority of patients received analgesics at initial contact. Standardised protocols providing treatment guidance for nurse-initiated pain management at initial contact is thus important. There were no significant differences in analgesics prescribed for adults and the elderly, which is worrisome given the potential negative side effects of analgesics in the elderly. Similar concerns in our paediatric population were not noted. Ensuring adequate analgesia with cognisance for safety at the extremes of age is of paramount importance.

Patients reporting dyspnoea on admission to an hospital ward are at increased risk of death during their hospital stayhttps://bit.ly/2Q5pYWR

With appropriate esteem, we have read the article by Voshaar et al. [1] on the management of hypoxaemia related to COVID-19 pneumonia. The authors have concluded that treatment escalation in the sequence 1) supplemental oxygen; 2) nasal high-flow, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV); and 3) invasive mechanical ventilation resulted in low overall mortality if guided by the calculation of oxygen content in addition to the clinical presentation. We fully agree with the authors and others [2, 3] that hypoxaemia per se should not serve as the exclusive indication parameter for intubation. However, we disagree that this statement is, in any manner, supported by the data presented by Voshaar et al. [1]., This correspondence argues that the conclusion given in the article “Conservative management of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemia” is not supported by the data https://bit.ly/3qAn7la

INTRODUCTION This project assessed whether the introduction of personalized bedside boards containing nonmedical information about patients in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) help provide health care professionals (HCPs) better insight about each child's personal qualities and preferences and thereby help improve patient-centered care and patient safety. METHODS Staff and parents of children in a PICU unit completed a questionnaire assessing how well HCPs knew their patients and their design preferences for the board. The questionnaire was completed before and after board introduction, and patient involvement was central to the design of the board. RESULTS There was an improvement in all parameters assessed. Significant improvements include the perception of PICU as a welcoming environment, nurses' understanding about what comforts their patients, and doctors' ability to recognize their patients outside the hospital. Doctors and nurses felt they knew their patients better. Parents' views regarding whether HCPs know what comforts their child and would recognize them outside the hospital also improved. Feedback about board aesthetics and usefulness was positive. CONCLUSION Personalized bedside boards significantly improved how well HCPs knew their patients across various elements. Patient-centered care and, in turn, patient safety in PICUs can be promoted by using personalized bedside boards containing nonmedical information to help HCPs understand their patients' individual needs and tailor their treatment.

Millions of people worldwide have survived an admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and the number of survivors is growing [1]. While these patients have survived a life-threatening illness, most survivors suffer important long-term complications [2]. Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a term that describes the cognitive, psychological, physical and other consequences that plague ICU survivors [3, 4]. Our aim is to discuss the prevalence, risk factors, impact, prevention and management of PICS., Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS): inpatient prevention and outpatient recognition are essential http://bit.ly/2GCgz1q

I'm gratified that the most widely circulated journal in literary studies has solicited the skill and attention of nine such erudite interlocutors, including both critics and creators, to formally respond to my book Why Comics? From Underground to Everywhere. It's also a bit of a surprise, albeit a pleasing one, since Why Comics? is my first single-authored book not aimed at the readership of PMLA.

Computers, smart-phones, tablets etc. expose most people to new cultural and artistic practices made possible through digital technologies. Among these practices and objects for scholarly research and analyses is literature – electronic literature. The article addresses the increasingly interactive and performative role of the reader and the need for transaesthetic, analytical and methodological approaches to multimodal literature. A brief historical background, the “current” terminology of electronic literature and a short outline of Scandinavian electronic literature are included, before Johannes Heldén’s Astroecology is discussed.

To herald JPAE’s 25th volume, it is appropriate to look back at a bit of history and look forward to future research. Just as governments have faced demands to demonstrate results, so also did grad...

Thoracic oncology encompasses a broad spectrum of primary tumour entities originating from various pulmonary, tracheobronchial, pleural, mediastinal and chest wall tissues or distinct cell types within these compartments. Lung cancer represents by far the most frequent malignant tumour within the thoracic cavity, and is the most common type and largest killer among all cancers worldwide. Lung cancer leads mortality statistics in Europe, accounting for at least one fifth of all cancer-related deaths [1]. In addition, lung cancer causes a significant burden of symptoms in a population of patients with high comorbidity, providing significant challenges to national healthcare systems in the European Union, with the highest overall costs among all cancer types [2–4]. Contrary to the general stigma applied to lung cancer patients, where they are often assumed to suffer from a self-inflicted disease, it is now estimated that up to 10–20% of lung cancer patients are never-smokers [5, 6]. Even if numerically far lower, the remaining, The @EuroRespSoc launches a new thoracic oncology continuous professional development programme http://bit.ly/31ShuTp

Depois dos traumáticos incêndios florestais de 2017, o autor relata neste texto algumas das suas vivências do presente, no que aos bombeiros e ao fogo na floresta diz respeito, estabelecendo a sua ligação com um pouco de história, que o conduzem a vivências do passado e o transportam para considerandos relacionados com presumíveis vivências do futuro, relacionadas com quatro áreas de prevenção: estruturas, formação, vigilância e informação.

In 2021, WHO revised its tuberculosis treatment outcome definitions, making them uniformly applicable for different lengths of treatment for both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant diseasehttps://bit.ly/3jFFgOu

Jessica Maetz, who was born in 1983 and now lives in Paris, talks about her experiences of life with cystic fibrosis (CF) and how treatment is central to many aspects of her life. Jessica has also produced a short film that gives a day in the life view of her treatments (see the supplementary material)., Treatment for cystic fibrosis interweaves with daily life and can be burdensome, but hope is ever present with the continuing advancement of treatment. https://bit.ly/36PZnSL