Author: "BEN JONES" / Topic: business.industry - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

143 results on '"BEN JONES"'

1. The therapeutic potential of GLP‐1 receptor biased agonism

Author: Ben Jones, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, Medical Research Council (MRC), The Academy of Medical Sciences, Society for Endocrinology, European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, and British Society for Neuroendocrinology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, Side effect, medicine.medical_treatment, Pharmacology, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Downregulation and upregulation, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, medicine, Functional selectivity, Animals, Insulin, insulin release, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Receptor, Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, β-arrestin, business.industry, Nausea, 030104 developmental biology, biased agonism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, appetite regulation, Animal studies, 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Intracellular
Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are effective treatments for type 2 diabetes as they stimulate insulin release and promote weight loss through appetite suppression. Their main side effect is nausea. All approved GLP-1 agonists are full agonists across multiple signalling pathways. However, selective engagement with specific intracellular effectors, or biased agonism, has been touted as a means to improve GLP-1 agonists therapeutic efficacy. In this review, I critically examine how GLP-1 receptor-mediated intracellular signalling is linked to physiological responses and discuss the implications of recent studies investigating the metabolic effects of biased GLP-1 agonists. Overall, there is little conclusive evidence that beneficial and adverse effects of GLP-1 agonists are attributable to distinct, nonoverlapping signalling pathways. Instead, G protein-biased GLP-1 agonists appear to achieve enhanced anti-hyperglycaemic efficacy by avoiding GLP-1 receptor desensitisation and downregulation, partly via reduced β-arrestin recruitment. This effect seemingly applies more to insulin release than to appetite regulation and nausea, possible reasons for which are discussed. At present, most evidence derives from cellular and animal studies, and more human data are required to determine whether this approach represents a genuine therapeutic advance. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on GLP1 receptor ligands (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.4/issuetoc.
Published: 2021

2. Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

Author: Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, David Abdo, Basir Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Amina Abdulle, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Ul Amna Abeer Ul Amna, Katrina Abernethy, Adebanke Aboaba, Hani Abo-Leyah, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Sarah Acheampong, Janet Acheson, Andres Acosta, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Sara Adair, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Carol Adams, Charlotte Adams, Kate Adams, Lisa Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Kirsty Adcock, Jemaimah Addai, Ade Adebiyi, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Debo Ademokun, Sherna Adenwalla, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Joyce Adeyemi, Rina Adhikary, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, John Aeron-Thomas, Debbie Affleck, Dominic Affron, Carmel Afnan, Muhammad Afridi, Zainab A Aftab, Meenakshi Agarwal, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Penny Agent, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Humayun Ahmad, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Asim Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Iram Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sara Ahmed, Sophia Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed Haris Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Giulia Airoldi, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Francis Ajeneye, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Tahir Akbar, Naim Akhtar, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Olajide Akinwumiju, Olugbenro Aktinade, Ahmad Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Narendra Aladangady, Ayaz Alam, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Karina Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Manaf Al-Bayati, Paul Albert, Lorraine Albon, Gemma Alcorn, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, John Alexander, Peter D G Alexander, Charlotte Alford, Julyan Al-Fori, Laith Alghazawi, Bahij Al-Hakim, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Asad Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Hoodo Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohammad Ali, Nayab Ali, Oudai Ali, Sabira Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Abid Alina, Fine Aliyuda, Katrin Alizadeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Saba Al-Juboori, Majid Al-Khalil, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Allameddine Allameddine, Fiona Allan, Rachel Allan, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Beverley Allen, Eireann Allen, Jess Allen, Kerry Allen, Laura Allen, Louise Allen, Poppy Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Lynne Allsop, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Inji Alshaer, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Sara Altaf, Mary Alvarez, Balaal Alyas, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Noor Amar, Sakkarai Ambalavanan, Sarah-Jayne Ambler, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Kenneth Amenyah, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Syed Amin, Tara Amin, Amjad Amjad, Neelma Amjad, Mariam Ammoun, Victoria Amosun, Khaled Amsha, Pugh Amy, Atul Anand, Rekha Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Julie Anderson, Kevin Anderson, Laura Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rory Anderson, Wendy Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Antonette Andrews, Jill Andrews, Susan Andrews, Gregory Andrikopoulos, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Aramburo Angela, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Jessica Annett, Patrick J Anstey, Rebekah Anstey, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, George Apostolides, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Sarah Appleby, Diane Appleyard, Maia Far Aquino, Bianca Araba, Samuel Aransiola, Mariana Araujo, Emily Arbon, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Simon Archer, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Sylvia Armstrong-Fisher, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Sarah Arnott, Dhawal Arora, Kavan Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Andrea Arroyo, Arslam Arter, Ayush Arya, Rita Arya, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Glen Ashby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Samuel Ashcroft, Deborah Asher, Ayesha Ashfaq, Ben Ashford, Suhail Ashgar, Abdul Ashish, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Abd-El-Aziz Ashour, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Arshia Aslam, Harshini Asogan, Abigail Asquith, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Richard Athay-Hunt, Deborah Athorne, Billie Atkins, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Brygitta Atraskiewicz, Claire Atterbury, Abdul Ahmad Attia, Rita Atugonza, Paula Aubrey, Avinash Aujayeb, Aye Chan Thar Aung, Hnin Aung, Kyaw Thu Aung, Ni Aung, Yin Aung, Zaw Myo Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Abdusshakur Auwal, Miriam Avery, Joanne Avis, Georgina Aviss, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Gabriel Awadzi, Atia Awan, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, Amanda Ayers, Jawwad Azam, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ghazala Aziz, N Aziz, Ali Azkoul, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Marta Babores, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Sammy Bacciarelli, Roudi Bachar, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph P Bae, Sibel Bafekr Mishamandani, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Lynsey Bagshaw, Kasra Bahadori, James Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Pippa Bailey, Sarah Bailey, Stephen Bailey, Hamish Baillie, J Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Sanchia Baines, Vikram Bains, Aimi Baird, David Baird, Susan Baird, Tracy Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Charles Baker, Emma Baker, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Josephine Baker, Kenneth Baker, Rebecca Baker, Terri-Anne Baker, Victoria Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Nauman Bakhtiar, Panos Bakoulas, Julie Balaam, Niranjan Balachandran, Andrea Balan, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Alison Balcombe, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Caron Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Rebekah Baldwin-Jones, James Balfour, Gagan Bali, Sonya Balkee, Ceri Ball, Kasia Ballard, Amy Ballinger, Ismael Balluz, Craig Balmforth, Emese Balogh, Amir Baluwala, Gabby Bambridge, Alasdair Bamford, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Adefunke Bamgboye, Elizabeth Bancroft, Hollie Bancroft, Tanya Bancroft, Joyce Banda, Krishna Bandaru, Srini Bandi, Nageswar Bandla, Somaditya Bandyopadhyam, Amit Banerjee, Millie Banerjee, Ritwik Banerjee, Harrison Banks, Lauren Banks, Luke Banks, Paul Banks, Oliver Bannister, Bharat Bansal, Robert Banthorpe, Laura Banton, Mariamma Baptist, Tanya Baqai, Ananya Mouli Baral, Desislava Baramova, Alex Barber, Russel Barber, Emma Barbon, Miriam Barbosa, Monica Barbosa, Jamie Barbour, Alexander Barclay, Claire Barclay, George Bardsley, Stephanie Bareford, Shahedal Bari, Amy Barker, Debbie Barker, Helen Barker, Joseph Barker, Leon Barker, Oliver Barker, Kerry Barker-Williams, Sinha Barkha, Juliana Barla, Gavin Barlow, Richard Barlow, Valerie Barlow, James Barnacle, Alex Barnard, Debi Barnes, Nicky Barnes, Theresa Barnes, Calum Barnetson, Amy Barnett, Matthew Barnett, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, William Barnsley, Andrew Barr, David Barr, Shaney Barratt, Manuella Barrera, Amy Barrett, Fiona Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Joe Barry, Jazz Bartholomew, Claire Bartlett, Georgina Bartlett, Greg Barton, Jill Barton, Lorna Barton, Rachael Barton, Rosaleen Baruah, Sonia Baryschpolec, Archana Bashyal, Betsy Basker, Ayten Basoglu, Gilda Bass, John Bassett, G Bassett, Chris Bassford, Pavinder Bassi, Betsy Bassis, Bengisu Bassoy, Victoria Bastion, Anupam Basumatary, Tristan Bate, Harry J Bateman, Ian Bateman, Kathryn Bateman, Vhairi Bateman, Eleanor Bates, Hayley Bates, Michelle Bates, Simon Bates, Sally Batham, Ana Batista, Amit Batla, Dushyant Batra, Donna Batty, Harry Batty, Thomas Batty, Peter Baughan, Miranda Baum, Carina Bautista, Fareha Bawa, Fatima S Bawani, Simon Bax, Lydia Baxter, Matt Baxter, Nicola Baxter, Zachary Baxter, Hannah Bayes, Charlotte Baylem, Lee Bayliss, Eileen Bays, Farid Bazari, Rohit Bazaz, Ahmad Bazli, Laura Beacham, Wendy Beadles, Philip Beak, Andy Beale, Kirk Beard, Jack Bearpark, Karen Beaumont, Dawn Beaumont-Jewell, Theresa Beaver, Sarah Beavis, Christy Beazley, Sarah Beck, Virginia Beckett, Rosie Beckitt, Heidi Beddall, Seonaid Beddows, Deborah Beeby, Gail Beech, Michelle Beecroft, Sally Beer, Jane Beety, Gabriela Bega, Alison Begg, Susan Begg, Sara Beghini, Ayesha Begum, Salman Begum, Selina Begum, Teresa Behan, Jasmine Beharry, Roya Behrouzi, Jon Beishon, Claire Beith, James Belcher, Holly Belfield, Katherine Belfield, Ajay Belgaumkar, Dina Bell, Gareth Bell, Gill Bell, Gillian Bell, Joshua Bell, Lauren Bell, Louise Bell, Nicholas Bell, Pippa Bell, Stephanie Bell, Jennifer L Bell, Jennifer Bellamu, Mary Bellamy, Arianna Bellini, Amanda Bellis, Fionn Bellis, Lesley Bendall, Naveena Benesh, Nicola Benetti, Leonie Benham, Guy Benison-Horner, Alexander Bennett, Ann Bennett, Caroline Bennett, Christopher Bennett, Gillian Bennett, Ian Bennett, Kristopher Bennett, Lorraine Bennett, Sara Bennett, Karen Bennion, Vivienne Benson, Jane Benstead, Andrew Bentley, Dionne Bentley, James Bentley, Ian Benton, Eva Beranova, Matthew Beresford, Colin Bergin, Malin Bergstrom, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Thomas Berriman, Zoe Berry, Marnie Berwick, Kimberley Best, Ans-Mari Bester, Yvonne Beuvink, Emily Bevan, Sarah Bevins, Tom Bewick, Andrew Bexley, Sonay Beyatli, Fenella Beynon, Arjun Bhadi, Sanjay Bhagani, Shiv Bhakta, Rekha Bhalla, Khushpreet Bhandal, Kulbinder Bhandal, Ashwin Bhandari, Sangam Bhandari, Aashutosh Bhanot, Ravina Bhanot, Sruti Bhaskara, Prashanth Bhat, Nikhil Bhatia, Rahul Bhatnagar, Karan Bhatt, Janki Bhayani, Deepika Bhojwani, Salimuzzaman Bhuiyan, Anna Bibby, Fatima Bibi, Naheeda Bibi, Salma Bibi, Tihana Bicanic, Sarah Bidgood, Julie Bigg, Sarah Biggs, Alphonsa Biju, Andras Bikov, Sophie Billingham, Jessica Billings, Carron Bilton, Teodirico Binas, Martin Binney, Alice Binns, Muhammad BinRofaie, Oliver Bintcliffe, Catherine Birch, Jenny Birch, Louann Birch, Janet Birchall, Katherine Birchall, Sam Bird, Sumedha Bird, Charndip Biring, Mark Birt, Raquel Bisa, Kilanalei Bishop, Linda Bishop, Lisa Bishop, Karen Bisnauthsing, Nibedan Biswas, Sahar Biuk, Karen Blachford, Ethel Black, Helen Black, Karen Black, Mairead Black, Polly Black, Hayley Blackgrove, Bethan Blackledge, Joanne Blackler, Samantha Blackley, Helen Blackman, Stuart Blackmore, Caroline Blackstock, Loraine Blackwood, Francesca Blakemore, Helen Blamey, Alison Bland, Sujata Blane, Simon Blankley, Mary Blanton, Parry Blaxill, Jenny Blaxland, Katie Blaylock, Jane Blazeby, Carol Blears, Natalie Blencowe, Donna Blofield, Ben Bloom, Jack Bloomfield, Angela Bloss, Hannah Bloxham, Louise Blundell, Andrew Blunsum, Mark Blunt, Ian Blyth, Kevin Blyth, Andrew Blythe, Karen Blythe, Marilyn Boampoaa, Boniface Bobie, Karen Bobruk, Pritesh Bodalia, Neena Bodasing, Tanya Bodenham, Sherin Bodh, Gabriele Boehmer, Marta Boffito, Kristyna Bohmova, Sumit Bokhandi, Maria Bokhar, Saba Bokhari, Sakina Bokhari, Syed Owais Bokhari, Ambrose Boles, Sarah Bollington, Sam Bolton, Charlotte Bomken, Charlotte Bond, Hayley Bond, Helena Bond, Stuart Bond, Thomas Bond, Alice Bone, Georgia Boniface, Wendy Bonnert, Lizzy Bonney, Leigh Boorman, Catherine Booth, Joanne Borbone, Cameron Borhani, Naomi Borman, Rachel Borrell, Mamu Boshir, Fiona Bottrill, Laura Bough, Hayley Boughton, Zoe Boult, Miriam Bourke, Stephen Bourke, Michelle Bourne, Rachel Bousfield, Lucy Boustred, Darren Bowen, Kaye Bowen, Alexandra Bowes, Amy Bowes, Philip Bowker, Louise Bowman, Simon Bowman, Rachel Bowmer, Angie Bowring, Geoff Bowyer, Helen Bowyer, Carmel Boyd, Jenny Boyd, Laura Boyd, Maxine Boyd, Namoi Boyle, Pauline Boyle, Rosalind Boyle, Louise Boyles, Osman Bozdag, Leanna Brace, David Brack, Charlotte Brackstone, Rob Bradburn, Jodie Bradder, Barry Bradley, Clare Jane Bradley, Pamela Bradley, Patrick Bradley, Paul Bradley, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Lynne Bradshaw, Sarah Bradshaw, Zena Bradshaw, Rebecca Brady, Shirin Brady, Denise Braganza, Suhail Brailsford, Jill Braithwaite, Marie Branch, Thomas Brankin-Frisby, Jamie Brannigan, Louise Brassington, Sophie Brattan, Fiona Bray, Nancy Bray, Angela Brazier, Manny Brazil, Lucy Brear, Tracy Brear, Stephen Brearey, Laura Bremner, Morwenna Brend, Giovanna Bretland, Chris Brewer, Hannah Bridge, Gavin Bridgwood, Hayley Briggs, Mark Briggs, Sara Brigham, John Bright, Chris Brightling, Lutece Brimfield, Elaine Brinkworth, Robin Brittain-Long, Vianne Britten, Terri Brittin, Lauren Broad, Sarah Broad, Rosie Broadhurst, Andrew Broadley, Marie Broadway, Christopher Brockelsby, Megan Brocken, Tomos Brockley, Andrew Broderick, Mary Brodsky, Fiona Brogan, David Broggio, Liz Brohan, Felicity Brokke, Jacob Brolly, David Bromley, Hannah Brooke-Ball, Verity Brooker, Ceri Brookes, Matthew Brookes, Alison Brooks, Karen Brooks, Nicole Brooks, Philip Brooks, Rachel Brooks, Sophie Brooks, Natalie Broomhead, Chloe Broughton, Nathaniel Broughton, Matt Brouns, Marie Browett, Alison Brown, Ammani Brown, Carly Brown, Catrin Brown, Chloe Brown, Elizabeth Brown, Ellen Brown, Heather Brown, Janet Brown, Louise Brown, Niall Brown, Pauline Brown, Rachel Brown, Richard Brown, Robert Brown, Steven Brown, Tom Brown, Wayne Brown, Bria Browne, Charlotte Browne, Duncan Browne, Mitchell Browne, Stephen Brownlee, Alba Brraka, David Bruce, Johanna Bruce, Michelle Bruce, Wojciech Brudlo, Nigel Brunskill, Alan Brunton, Margaret Brunton, Mandy Bryan, Meera Bryant, April Buazon, Maya Buch, Julie Buchan, Ruaridh Buchan, Alexis Buchanan, Ruaridh Buchanan, Danielle Buche, Amanda Buck, Matthew Buckland, Laura Buckley, Philip Buckley, Sarah Buckley, Carol Buckman, Kathleen Buckmire, George Bugg, Ramadan Bujazia, Marwan Bukhari, Shanze Bukhari, Richard Bulbulia, Alex Bull, Damian Bull, Rhian Bull, Thomas Bull, Naomi Bulteel, Kasun Bumunarachchi, Roneleeh Bungue-Tuble, Caroline Burchett, Dorota Burda, Christy Burden, Thomas G Burden, Mika Burgess, Paula Burgess, Richard Burgess, Sophia Burgess, Paula Burgett, Adrian Burman, Sara Burnard, Caroline Burnett, John Burnett, Amanda Burns, Amy Burns, Collette Burns, James Burns, Karen Burns, Samuel Burns, Sarah Burns, Daniel Burrage, Sadie Burrage, Kate Burrows, Claire Burston, Ben Burton, Fiona Burton, Matthew Burton, Angela Busby, Deborah Butcher, Aaron Butler, Jessica Butler, Joanne Butler, Joshua Butler, Lesley Butler, Peter Butler, Susan Butler, Al-Tahoor Butt, Mohammad M Butt, Sophia Butt, Caryl Butterworth, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Robert Buttery, Tom Buttle, Heather Button, Daniel Buttress, Jane Byrne, Wendy Byrne, Victoria Byrne-Watts, Eleanor Byworth, Amanda Cabandugama, Ruth Cade, Anthony Cadwgan, Donna Cairney, James Calderwood, Darren Caldow, Moira Caldwell, Giorgio Calisti, Debbie Callaghan, Jennifer Callaghan, Claire Callens, Donaldson Callum, Caroline Calver, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Tracey Camburn, David R Cameron, Eleanor Cameron, Fraser Cameron, Sarah Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee F D Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Mark Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Julie Camsooksai, Ana Canabarro, Lisa Canclini, Shaula Mae Candido, Janie Candlish, Cielito Caneja, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Santino Capocci, Noemi Caponi, Angelika Capp, Anne Capps-Jenner, Thomas Capstick, Ishmael Carboo, Nuria Cardenas, Mary Cardwell, Rachel Carey, Simon Carley, Tammy Carlin, Andrew Carlton, Samantha Carmichael, Mandy Carnahan, Rebecca Carnegie, Charlotte Caroline, Emily Carpenter, Jodi Carpenter, David Carr, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Samantha Carrington, Zoe Carrington, Paul Carroll, Caroline Carron, Anne Carstairs, Jonathan Carter, Michael Carter, Moira Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Steven Carter, Simon Carter-Graham, Douglas Cartwright, Jo-Anne Cartwright, Claire Carty, Sinead Carty, Jaime Carungcong, Carolyn Carveth-Marshall, Susan Casey, Annie Cassells, Barbara Cassimon, Teresa Castiello, Gail Castle, Bridget Castles, Melanie Caswell, Ana Maria Catana, Heidi Cate, Susanne Cathcart, Katrina Cathie, Christine Catley, Laura Catlow, Matthew Caudwell, Jill Caulfield, Anna Cavazza, Luke Cave, Simon Cavinato, Frianne Cawa, Kathryn Cawley, Chloe Caws, Hankins Cendl, Hannah Century, Jeva Cernova, Mansur Cesay, Ed Cetti, Stephanie Chabane, Manish Chablani, Cathleen Chabo, David Chadwick, Julie Chadwick, Robert Chadwick, Ela Chakkarapani, Arup Chakraborty, Mallinath Chakraborty, Mollika Chakravorty, James Chalmers, Richard Chalmers, Georgina Chamberlain, Sarah Chamberlain, Emma Chambers, Jonathan Chambers, Lucy Chambers, Naomi Chambers, Alex Chan, Carmen Chan, Cheuk Chan, Evelyn Chan, Kayen Chan, Kimberley Chan, Ping Chan, Rebekah (Pui-Ching) Chan, Xin Hui Chan, Chris Chandler, Heidi Chandler, Kim J Chandler, Stuart Chandler, Zoe Chandler, Vikki Chandler-Vizard, Sumit Chandra, Navin Chandran, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, Cherry Chang, Yvonne Chang, Josephine Chaplin, Graeme Chapman, John Chapman, Katie Chapman, Laura Chapman, Lianne Chapman, Polly Chapman, Timothy Chapman, Lucy Chappell, Linda Chapple, Amanda Charalambou, Bethan Charles, Dianne Charlton, Sally Charlton, Kevin Chatar, Calvin Chatha, Ritesh Chaube, Muhammad YN Chaudhary, Iram Chaudhry, Nazia Chaudhuri, Muhammad Chaudhury, Anoop Chauhan, Ruchi S Chauhan, Vipul Chauhan, Nicola Chavasse, Iknam Chaven, Rosanna Chavez, Vipal Chawla, Maria Cheadle, Lindsay Cheater, James Cheaveau, Charlotte Cheeld, Michelle Cheeseman, Fang Chen, Hui Min Chen, Terence Chen, Lok Yin Cheng, Zhihang Cheng, Helen Chenoweth, Chun How Cheong, Shiney Cherian, Suzanne Cherif, Mary Cherrie, Helen Cheshire, Barry Chesterson, Betty Cheung, Chee Kay Cheung, Elaine Cheung, Michelle Cheung, Claire Cheyne, Swati Chhabra, Wei Ling Chia, Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Zviedzo A Chikwanha, Sam Chilcott, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen Jie Chin, Rumbidzai Chineka, Amol Chingale, Karen Chinn, Vashira Chiroma, Heather Chisem, Claire Chisenga, Ben Chisnall, Carolyn Chiswick, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Matthew Chiu, Brenda Chivima, Catherine Chmiel, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Vandana Choudhary, Sarah Choudhury, Bing-Lun Chow, Fateha Chowdhury, Mahibbur Chowdhury, Shahid Chowdhury, Victoria Christenssen, Peter Christian, Alexander Christides, Fiona Christie, Daniel Christmas, Thereza Christopherson, Mark Christy, Paris Chrysostomou, Yunli Chua, Shabs Chucha, Dip Chudgar, Richard Chudleigh, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Michael E Chukwu, Izu Chukwulobelu, Chi Y Chung, Ben Church, Elaine Church, Sara R Church, David Churchill, Nicole Cianci, Nick Ciccone, Paola Cicconi, Paola Cinardo, Zdenka Cipinova, Bessie Cipriano, Sarah Clamp, Melanie Clapham, Edel Clare, Sarbjit Clare, Andrew Clark, Charlotte Clark, Diane Clark, Felicity Clark, Gabrielle Clark, James Clark, Katherine Clark, Kaylea Clark, Louise Clark, Lucy Clark, Matthew Clark, Patricia Clark, Richard Clark, Thomas Clark, Wendy Clark, Zoe Clark, Andrea Clarke, Heather Clarke, Mark Clarke, Paul Clarke, Robert Clarke, Roseanne Clarke, Samantha Clarke, Sarah Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Tracy Clarke, Andrew Clarkson, Alleyna Claxton, Kate Clay, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Chris Cleaver, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Jayne Clements, Suzanne Clements, Francesca Clemons, Lee Clifford, Lynne Clifford, Rachael Clifford, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Jonathan Clouston, Samantha Clueit, Andrea Clyne, Michelle Coakley, Peter G L Coakley, Tony Coates, Kathryn Cobain, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Maeve Cockerell, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Olutoyin Coker, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan Colbert, Carol Cole, Esther Cole, Jade Cole, Joby Cole, Julie Cole, Richard Cole, Sue Cole, Garry Coleman, Matt Coleman, Holly Coles, Rebecca Coles, Macleod Colin, Alicia Colino-Acevedo, Julie Colley, Dawn Collier, Heather Collier, Paul Collini, Emma Collins, Jaimie Collins, Joanne Collins, Nicola Collins, Sally Collins, Vicky Collins, Andrew Collinson, Bernadette Collinson, Jennifer Collinson, Matthew Collis, Madeleine Colmar, Hayley E Colton, James Colton, Katie Colville, Carolyn Colvin, Ryan Colwell, Edward Combes, David Comer, Alison Comerford, Mike Comery, Dónal Concannon, Robin Condliffe, Lynne Connell, Natalie Connell, Karen Connelly, Gavin Connolly, Mireille Connolly, Emma Connor, Samantha Conran, Antonia Conroy, Veronica Conteh, Rory Convery, Camilla Conway, Francesca Conway, Grainne Conway, Rhiannon Conway, Jo-Anna Conyngham, Colette Cook, Eloise Cook, Gemma Cook, Helen Cook, Julie Cook, Danielle Cooke, Graham Cooke, Katrina Cooke, Soo Cooke, Tim Cooke, Adele Cooper, Alison Cooper, Chris Cooper, David Cooper, Helen Cooper, Jamie Cooper, Joanne Cooper, Joshua Cooper, Laura Cooper, Lauren Cooper, Nick Cooper, Rowena Cooper, Emma Cooperwaite, Thomas Cope, Sinead Corbet, Carolyn Corbett, John Corcoran, Chris Cordell, Jessica Cordle, Alasdair Corfield, John Corless, Alison Corlett, Joe Cornwell, Michael Cornwell, Diana Corogeanu, Mirella Corredera, Ruth Corrigan, Catherine Corry, Rita Corser, Denise Cosgrove, Tracey Cosier, Patricia Costa, Charlie Coston, Susannah Cotgrove, Zoe Coton, Lisa-Jayne Cottam, Rhiannon Cotter, Donna Cotterill, Alice Cotton, Caroline Cotton, Katy Cotton, Andrew Coull, James Coulson, David Counsell, David Counter, Cherry Coupland, Ellie Courtney, Julia Courtney, Rebecca Cousins, Alexander Cowan, Elena Cowan, Ruth Cowburn, Richard Cowell, Louise Cowen, Steve Cowman, Amanda Cowton, Debra Anne Cox, Ellie Cox, Giles Cox, Karina Cox, Miriam Cox, Karen Coy, Beverly Craig, Victoria Craig, Felicity Craighead, Matthew Cramp, Beverley Crane, Jacolene Crause, Adrian Crawford, Angie Crawford, Emma Crawford, Isobel Crawford, Richard Crawforth, Sarah Crawshaw, Ben Creagh-Brown, Andrew Creamer, Ryan Creighton, Joanne Cremona, Saveria Cremona, Janet Cresswell, Mark Cribb, Charles Crichton, Declan Crilly, Lauren Crisp, Nikki Crisp, Dominic Crocombe, Maria Croft, Ian Cron, Derrick Crook, Jennifer Crooks, Helen Croot, Harriet Crosby, Sarah Cross, Tim Cross, Amy Crothers, Stephen Crotty, Susan Crouch, Madeleine Crow, Amanda Crowder, Kate Crowley, Teresa Crowley, Rebecca Croysdill, Callum Cruickshank, Conor Cruickshank, Irena Cruickshank, James Cruise, Helen Crumley, Carina Cruz, Trino Cruz Cervera, Dominic Cryans, Guanguo Cui, Helen Cui, Donna Cullen, Lorraine Cullen, Gillian Cummings-Fosong, Marie Cundall, Victoria Cunliffe, Lorraine Cunningham, Neil Cunningham, Nicola Cunningham, Jason Cupitt, Hollie Curgenven, Debra Curley, Gerens Curnow, David Curran, Simon Curran, Craig Currie, Jacqueline Currie, Scarlett Currie, Abi Curtis, Becca Curtis, Jonathan Curtis, Katrina Curtis, Olivia Curtis, Thomas Curtis, Rebecca Cuthbertson, Sean Cutler, Marta Czekaj, Patrycja Czylok, Joana da Rocha, Andrew Dagens, Helen Daggett, Phil Daggett, Jacqui Daglish, Sandeep Dahiya, Helen Dakers-Black, Anne Dale, Katie Dale, Michaela Dale, Sam Dale, Jolyon Dales, Helen Dalgleish, Nikki Dallas, Helen Dallow, Dermot Dalton, Zoe Daly, Akila Danga, Amelia Daniel, Priya Daniel, Allison Daniels, Adela Dann, Sandra Danso-Bamfo, Nimo Daoud, Alex Darbyshire, Janet Darbyshire, Paul Dargan, Paul Dark, Tace Darling, Kate Darlington, Tom Darton, Guledew Darylile, Manjusha Das, Sukamal Das, Martin Daschel, Joanne Dasgin, Dibyendu Datta, Anna Daunt, Emily Davenport, Mark Davey, Michelle Davey, Miriam Davey, Molly Davey, Arlene David, Mini David, Alexander Davidson, Laura Davidson, Neil Davidson, Richard Davidson, Albert Davies, Alison Davies, Amanda Davies, Amy Davies, Angela Davies, Carolyn Davies, Catrin Davies, Cheryl Davies, Drew Davies, Elaine Davies, Ffyon Davies, Helen Davies, James Davies, Jane Davies, Jeni Davies, Jim Davies, Karen Davies, Kelly Davies, Kim Davies, Louisa Davies, Mark Davies, Matthew Davies, Michelle Davies, Nina Davies, Owen Davies, Patrick Davies, Rachel Davies, Rhys Davies, Ruth Davies, Sarah Davies, Simon Davies, Alison Davis, Gwyneth Davis, Illinos Davis, Julie-Ann Davis, Katherine Davis, Peter Davis, Alexander Davison, Sophia Davison, Mark Davy, Christine Dawe, H Dawe, Mark Dawkins, Danielle Dawson, Elizabeth Dawson, Joy Dawson, Susan Dawson, Tom Dawson, Andrew Daxter, Andrew Day, Helena Day, Jacob Day, Jeremy Day, Lynn Day, Jamie D'Costa, Parijat De, Duneesha de Fonseka, Toni de Freitas, Frederico De Santana Miranda, Eleanor de Sausmarez, Shanika de Silva, Thushan de Silva, Jessica De Sousa, Paulo De Sousa, James de Souza, Anthony de Soyza, Natasha de Vere, Johannes de Vos, Bethan Deacon, Sharon Dealing, Anna Dean, Julie Dean, Katrina Dean, Stephen Dean, Tessa Dean, Jill Deane, James Dear, Effie Dearden, Alison Deary, Catherine Deas, Samuel Debbie, Gabor Debreceni, Vashist Deelchand, Matthew Deeley, Joanne Deery, Emmanuel Defever, Raji Dehulia, Max Deighton, Manuela Del Forno, Arnold Dela Rosa, Lisa Delaney, Amanda Dell, Carrie Demetriou, David DeMets, Jane Democratis, Jacqueline Denham, Emmanuelle Denis, Laura Denley, Craig Denmade, Kathy Dent, Martin Dent, Elise Denton, Tom Denwood, Nishigandh Deole, Darshita Depala, Maria Depante, Randle Derbyshire, Susan Dermody, Amisha Desai, Asmita Desai, Purav Desai, Sanjeev Deshpande, Vai Deshpande, Brendan Devine, Sirjana Devkota, Nicola Dewland, Prakash Dey, Vishal Dey, Rogin Deylami, Jazz Dhaliwal, Kevin Dhaliwal, Jas Dhalliwal, Mandeep Dhanda, Sundip Dhani, Amandeep Dhanoa, Mili Dhar, Devesh Dhasmana, Aman Dhesi, Ekanjali Dhillon, Reiss Dhillon, Pamela Diamond, Priya Dias, Stephanie Diaz, Kayleigh Diaz-Pratt, Debbie Dickerson, Pamela Dicks, Stuart Dickson, Julie Dijo, Sean Dillane, Sarah Diment, Paul Dimitri, Maria Dineen, ThaiHa Dinh, Tri Dinh, Alex Dipper, Laura Dirmantaite, Lisa Ditchfield, Sarah Diver, Lavanya Diwakar, Caroline Dixon, Giles Dixon, Stephen Dixon-Mould, Brice Djeugam, Petr Dlouhy, Laurence Dobbie, Marinela Dobranszky Oroian, Charlotte Dobson, Lee Dobson, Marie Docherty, David Dockrell, James Dodd, Jackie Dodds, Rebecca Dodds, Steve Dodds, Richi Dogra, Erin Doherty, Warren Doherty, Yumiko Doi, Iain Doig, Eleanor Doke, Daniel Dolan, Mark Dolman, Rozzie Dolman, Lisa Donald, Callum Donaldson, Christopher Donaldson, Denise Donaldson, Gillian Donaldson, Kate Donaldson, Joanne Donnachie, Christopher Donnelly, Eilish Donnelly, Ronan Donnelly, Aravindhan Donohoe, Gemma Donohoe, Bryan Donohue, Sinead Donton, Emma Dooks, Grainne Doran, Kane Dorey, Sharon Dorgan, Amanda Dornan, Moonira Dosani, Davinder Dosanjh, Paula Dospinescu, Katie Douglas, Jonathan Douse, Lucy Dowden, Michelle Dower, Kerry Dowling, Sud Dowling, Nicola Downer, Charlotte Downes, Rob Downes, Thomas Downes, Damian Downey, Philippa Downey, Robert Downey, Louise Downs, Simon Dowson, Cornel Dragan, Cristina Dragomir, Cristina Dragos, Maire Drain, Chelsea Drake, Victoria Drew, Olivia Drewett, Celine Driscoll, Helena Drogan, Nikki Drogman, Graham Drummond, Ronald Druyeh, Simon Drysdale, An Du Thinh, Hazel Dube, Judith Dube, Ophias Dube, Stephen Duberley, Hayley Duckles-Leech, Nicola Duff, Emma Duffield, Sam Duff-Miller, Helen Duffy, Lionel Dufour, Annette Duggan, Helen Duggan, Parveen Dugh, Janice Duignan, Mick Duley, Simon Dummer, Andrew Duncan, Christopher Duncan, Fullerton Duncan, Gregory Duncan, Stephanie Dundas, Alessia Dunn, Charlotte Dunn, Damian Dunn, Laura Dunn, Paul Dunn, Charlene Dunne, Karen Dunne, Fiona Dunning, Aidan Dunphy, Venkat Duraiswamy, Beatriz Duran, Ingrid DuRand, Steve Durgacharan, Natalie Duric, Alison Durie, Emily Durie, Hannah Durrington, Haris Duvnjak, Akshay Dwarakanath, Laasya Dwarakanath, Ellen Dwyer, Claudia Dyball, Lee Dyble, Kristyn Dyer, Harvey Dymond, Tom Dymond, Chris Eades, Laura 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Elliott, Toby Elliott, Annie Ellis, Ann-Marie Ellis, Christine Ellis, Kay Ellis, Kaytie Ellis, Tak-Yan Ellis, Yvette Ellis, Megan Ellison, Rahma Elmahdi, Einas Elmahi, Hannah-May Elmasry, Mohammed Elmi, Najla Elndari, Omer Elneima, Mohamed Elokl, Ahmed Elradi, Mohamed Elsaadany, Sally El-Sayeh, Hana El-Sbahi, Tarek Elsefi, Karim El-Shakankery, Robert Elshaw, Hosni El-Taweel, Sarah Elyoussfi, Jonathan Emberey, Jonathan R Emberson, John Emberton, Julian Emmanuel, Ingrid Emmerson, Michael Emms, Florence Emond, Marieke Emonts, Nicu Enachi, Angila Engden, Katy English, Emma Entwistle, Hene Enyi, Marios Erotocritou, Helen Escreet, Peter Eskander, Hanif Esmail, Lise Estcourt, Amy Evans, Brynach Evans, Chris Evans, Daren Evans, Debra Evans, Gail Evans, Gareth Evans, Jennifer Evans, Lisa Evans, Lynn Evans, Margaret Evans, Michelle Evans, Mim Evans, Morgan Evans, Ranoromanana Evans, Ryan Evans, Teriann Evans, Terry John Evans, Tony Eve, Caroline Everden, Serenydd Everden, Hayley Evison, Lynsey Evison, Penny Eyton-Jones, Jacqueline Faccenda, Leila Fahel, Youstina Fahmay, Sara Fairbairn, Terry Fairbairn, Andy Fairclough, Louise Fairlie, Mark Fairweather, Anne Fajardo, Naomi Falcone, Euan Falconer, Jonathan Falconer, John Fallon, Andrea Fallow, David Faluyi, Victoria Fancois, Qayyum Farah, Novin Fard, Amr Farg, Margaret Farinto, Adam Farmer, Katie Farmer, Toni Farmery, Samantha Farnworth, Faiyaz Farook, Hadia Farooq, Sidrah Farooq, Fiona Farquhar, Karen Farrar, Aaron Farrell, Barbara Farrell, James Farthing, Syeda Farzana, Rahmatu Fasina, Azam Fatemi, Mina Fatemi, Nibah Fatimah, Maria Faulkner, Saul N Faust, Joe Fawke, Sinmidele Fawohunre, Abul Fazal, Kelly Feane, Simon Fearby, Alex Feben, Federico Fedel, Daria Fedorova, James Feely-Henderson, Christopher Fegan, Mae Felongco, Lynsey Felton, Tim Felton, Kate Fenlon, Andrea Fenn, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Stephanie Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Maria Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Callum Jeevan Fernando, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari Gersogamo, Eleanor Ferrelly, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Rebecca Field, Karen Fielder, Lindsey Fieldhouse, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Len Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Sarah Ann Filson, Sarah Finbow, Debbie Finch, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Joanne Finden, Natalie Fineman, Lauren Finlayson, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Clare Finney, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, Dani Fisher, Emily Fisher, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Meadow Fisher Crisp, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Lorraine Fitzgerald, Chloe Fitzpatrick-Creamer, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Cathy Flatters, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Jonathan Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Simon Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Karen Flewitt, Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Vincent Florence, Sharon Floyd, Kelly Flynn, Rachel Flynn, Sara Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Claire Foley, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Daniela Mock Font, Evodian Fonyonga, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Jamie Ford, Kathy Ford, Jennifer Foreman, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Julian Forton, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Theodora Foukanelli, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Caroline Fox, Claire Fox, Daniel Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Yasin Fozdar, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Jason Frankcam, Helen Frankland, Gayle Franklin, Jessica Franklin, Darron Franks, Catherine Fraser, Laura Fraser, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Matthew Free, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Ian Freestone, Eleanor French, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Claire Froneman, Adam Frosh, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Oliver Froud, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Jake Fryer, Janet Fu, Bridget Fuller, Liz Fuller, Neil Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Jenny Fullthorpe, Carrie Fung, Gayle Fung, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Charlene Furtado, Andrew Fyfe, Nytianandan G, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Diana Gabriel, Hadiza Gachi, Rose Gad, Joshua Gahir, Sarveen Gajebasia, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Zacharoula Galani, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, Rebecca Gale, Swetha Gali, Karen Galilee, Bernadette Gallagher, Jude Gallagher, Rosie Gallagher, William Gallagher, Joanne Galliford, Catherine Galloway, Chris Galloway, Emma Galloway, Jacqui Galloway, James Galloway, Laura Gamble, Liz Gamble, Brian Gammon, Jaikumar Ganapathi, Ramesh Ganapathy, Kaminiben Gandhi, Sarah Gandhi, Usha Ganesh, Abrar Gani, Emma-James Garden, Antoni D Gardener, Emma Gardiner, Jill Gardiner, Michael Gardiner, Phil Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Nathan Garlick, Justin Garner, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Kimberley Garnett, Robert Garney, Rosaline Garr, Michael Garstka, Peter Gartan, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Noha Gasmalseed, Michaela Gaspar, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Emma Gaywood, Catherine Geddie, Alison Geddis, Ian Gedge, Sarah Gee, Minerva Gellamucho, Karzan Gelly, Leila Gelmon, Sandra Gelves-Zapata, Gemma Genato, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Chloe George, Sam George, Tina George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Peter Gerard, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Louise Gethin, Hisham Ghanayem, Amardeep Ghattaoraya, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Sudhamay Ghosh, Sarra Giannopoulou, Malick Gibani, Andrew Gibb, Ben Gibbison, Kerry Gibbons, Alex Gibson, Bethan Gibson, Kimberley Gibson, Kirsty Gibson, Sian Gibson, Cat Gilbert, Jeanette Gilbert, Joanne Gilbert, Kayleigh Gilbert, Sean Gilchrist, Benjamin Giles, Mandy Gill, Rose Gill, Lynne Gill, Paul Gillen, Annelies Gillesen, Katherine Gillespie, Matt Gillespie, Elizabeth Gillham, Andrew Gillian, Deborah Gilliland, Robert Gillott, Danielle Gilmour, Kate Gilmour, Theodora Giokanini-Royal, Anna Gipson, Joanna Girling, Rhian Gisby, Angelena Gkioni, Aikaterini Gkoritsa, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Amy Gladwell, James Glanville, Jessica Glasgow, Susannah Glasgow, Jon Glass, Lynn Glass, Sharon Glaysher, Lisa Gledhill, Ana Glennon, John Glover, Kyle Glover, Jan Glover Bengtsson, Chevanthy Gnanalingam, Julie Goddard, Wendy Goddard, Emily Godden, Jo Godden, Gillian Godding, Emma Godson, Gerry Gogarty, Sukanya Gogoi, Aiky Goh, Rebeca Goiriz, Sriya Gokaraju, Philip Gold, Raphael Goldacre, Arthur Goldsmith, Portia Goldsmith, Darren Gomersall, Lucia Gomez, Raquel Gomez-Marcos, Ali Gondal, Celia Gonzalez, Jack Goodall, Bob Goodenough, Laura Goodfellow, James Goodlife, Camelia Goodwin, Elizabeth Goodwin, Jayne Goodwin, Paula Goodyear, Rajiv Gooentilleke, Sharif Goolam-Hossen, Michelle Goonasekara, Sheila Gooseman, Shameer Gopal, Peter Gordon, Sally Gordon, Hugh Gorick, Caitlin Gorman, Claire Gorman, Stuart Gormely, Diana Gorog, Jan Gorry, Michelle Gorst, Thomas Gorsuch, Jayshreebahen Gosai, Rebecca Gosling, Sally Gosling, Georgina Gosney, Vanessa Goss, Dzintars Gotham, Naomi Gott, Elizabeth Goudie, Amanda Gould, Angela Gould, Susan Gould, Lysander Gourbault, Anna Gouveia, Abha Govind, Sharon Gowans, Girish Gowda, Rohit Gowda, Pauline Gowdy, Hannah Gower, Thomas Gower, Pankaj Goyal, Sunil Goyal, Sushant Goyal, Beverley Graham, Clive Graham, Jane Graham, Jonathan Graham, Justin Graham, Libby Graham, Sharon Graham, Matthew Graham-Brown, Julia Grahamslaw, Gianluca Grana, Tracyanne Grandison, Louis Grandjean, Alison Grant, Ann Grant, David Grant, Matthew Grant, Pauleen Grant, Rhys Gravell, Jenny Graves, Alasdair Gray, Catherine Gray, Georgina Gray, Harriet Gray, Ingrid Gray, Jackie Gray, Karen Gray, Nicola Gray, Sebastian Gray, Alan Grayson, Patricia Grealish, Fiona Greaves, Jack Greaves, Paul Greaves, Charlotte Green, Christopher Green, David Green, Frederick Green, Grace Green, Joel Green, Marie Green, Nicola Green, Stacey Green, Teresa Green, Diarra Greene, Philippa Greenfield, Alan Greenhalgh, Maraneka Greenslade, Daniel Greenwood, Sandra Greer, James Gregory, Jane Gregory, Katie Gregory, Tamsin Gregory, James Gregson, Jill Greig, Julia Greig, Rebecca Grenfell, Teena Grenier, Susan Grevatt, Glaxy Grey, Andrew Gribbin, Amy Gribble, Beverley Grice, Natasha Grieg, Douglas Grieve, Ben Griffin, Denise Griffin, Mel Griffin, Sian Griffith, Alexandra Griffiths, Andrew Griffiths, Daniel Griffiths, David Griffiths, Donna Griffiths, Isabel Griffiths, Mark Griffiths, Nicola Griffiths, Oliver Griffiths, Sarah Griffiths, Sharon Griffiths, Yvonne Griffiths, Sofia Grigoriadou, Steph Grigsby, Paul Grist, Stephen Grist, Evelina Grobovaite, Clarissa Grondin, Rachel Groome, Liliana Grosu, Jenny Grounds, Margaret Grout, Helen Grover, Jayne Groves, Neil Grubb, Julie Grundy, Francesca Guarino, Sharada Gudur, Sharazeq Guettari, Shivang Gulati, Vikas Gulia, Pumali Gunasekera, Malin Gunawardena, Kirun Gunganah, Jessica Gunn, Emma Gunter, Alok Gupta, Atul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Richa Gupta, Rishi Gupta, Tarun Gupta, Vineet Gupta, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Victoria Guratsky, Alvyda Gureviciute, Sambasivarao Gurram, Bhawana Gurung, Shraddha Gurung, Hazel Guth, Ruth Habibi, Berkin Hack, Pamela Hackney, Christian Hacon, Aiman Haddad, Denise Hadfield, Michalis Hadjiandreou, Nikolaos Hadjisavvas, Leah Hadzik, Anna Haestier, Nauman Hafiz, Rana Hafiz-Ur-Rehman, Javed Hafsa, Samantha Hagan, Jack W Hague, Rosemary Hague, Kate Haigh, Christina Haines, Scott Hainey, Morton Hair, Brigid Hairsine, Juraj Hajnik, Anne Haldeos, Writaja Halder, Jennie Hale, Carmel Halevy, Paul Halford, William Halford, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Claire Hall, Elizabeth Hall, Emma Hall, Fiona Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Bill Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Becky-Lee Halls, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Bilal Hameed, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Nicola Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Beatrice Hammans, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Leah Hammond, Sara Hammond, Fiona Hammonds, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, Elizabeth Hampson, Jude Hampson, Lucy Hampson, Ozan Hanci, Ian Hancock, Sadiyah Hand, Jasmine Handford, Soran Handrean, Sarah Haney, Sheharyar Hanif, E Hanison, Alison Hanlon, Jennifer Hannah, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Anita Hanson, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Steve Hanson, Helen Hanwell, Mazhar Ul Haq, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Lesley Harden, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Joanna Hardy, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, Carolyn Hargreaves, Emily Hargreaves, James Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Sandra Harlow, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Fiona Harper, Heather Harper, Melanie Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Naomi Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris, Alex Harrison, David Harrison, Julie Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Heli Harvala, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Brigitte Haselden, Kazi Hashem, Mohammed Hashimm, Tadaaki Hashimoto, Imranullah Hashmi, Sarah Haskins, Zena Haslam, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Wagae UI Hassan, Waqar Ul Hassan, Sapna Hassasing, Jane Hassell, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Janice Hastings, Stephanie Hatch, Jonathan Hatton, Sheryl Haviland, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Daniel B Hawcutt, Kadean Hawes, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Annie Hawkins, Catherine Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, Tanya Hawkins, Dan Hawley, Ed Hawley-Jones, Edward Haworth, Cathy Hay, Amna Hayat, Jamal Hayat, Mohamed-Riyal Hayathu, Tamsin Haydon, Anne Hayes, Jonas Hayes, Kate Hayes, Melony Hayes, Vanessa Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Patrick Hayle, Chloe Haylett, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Sarah Haysom, James Hayward, Patrick Haywood, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Amy Hearn, Angela Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Kerry Hebbron, Gemma Hector, Andy Hedges, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Rajdeep Heire, Ulla Hemmila, Cassie Hemmings, Scott 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Hill, Phoebe Hill, Uta Hill, Annette Hilldrith, Elizabeth Hillerby, Catherine Hillman-Cooper, Elisabeth Hilton, Zoe Hilton, Sarah Hinch, Marcus Hinde, Andrew Hindle, Alice Hindmarsh, Paul Hine, Kim Hinshaw, Clare Hird, Alison Hirst, Jemma Hives, Benson Ho, Michaela Hoare, David Hobden, Gill Hobden, Maria Hobrok, Simon Hobson, Renate Hodge, Simon Hodge, Lesley Hodgen, Holly Hodgkins, Louise Hodgkinson, Sally Hodgkinson, David Hodgson, Helen Hodgson, Luke Hodgson, Sheila Hodgson, Gemma Hodkinson, Kenneth Hodson, Matthew Hogben, Lucy Hogg, Lee Hoggett, Abigail Holborow, Catherine Holbrook, Catherine Holden, Melinda Holden, Thomas Holder, Niels Holdhof, Hannah Holdsworth, Lisa Holland, Maureen Holland, Nicky Holland, Marie Hollands, Elizabeth Holliday, Nina Holling, Gillian Hollis, Laszlo Hollos, Linda Holloway, Simon Holloway, Marcus Hollyer, Amy Holman, Ann Holmes, Benjamin Holmes, Megan Holmes, Raphael Holmes, Rebecca Holmes, Kelly Holroyd, Caroline Holt, Lyndsey Holt, Siobhan Holt, Susie Holt, Alexandra Holyome, Marie Home, Toni Home, Renate Homewood, Kate Hong, Laura Hontoria del Hoyo, Clare Hooper, Sarah Hoosdally, Samantha Hope, Susan Hope, Bridget Hopkins, Peter W Horby, Stephanie Horler, Anil Hormis, Daniel Hornan, Nicola Hornby, Zoey Horne, Latoya Horsford, Megan Horsford, Mark Horsford, Valana Horsham, Alexander Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Nicola Horton-Turner, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Leanne Hostler, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Brittany Houghton, Catherine Houghton, Iain Houghton, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Angela Houston, Hamish Houston, Tawedzegwa Hove, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Sarah Howard, Stuart Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Alison Howarth, Diane Howarth, Serena Howe, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Kerry Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Joanne Hoyle, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Naing Zaya Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Chiang Ooi Huah Huah, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Alex Hudson, Cara Hudson, Heather Hudson, Peter Hudson, Oli Hudson, Alison Hufton, Connor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Eithne Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Grace Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Laura Humber, Megan Hume, Charlotte Humphrey, Ismay Humphreys, Alasdair Humphries, Joanne Humphries, Lena Hunold, Fiona Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Sophie Hunt, Al Hunter, Alexandra Hunter, Isobel Hunter, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, George Huntington, Elizabeth Hurditch, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Yusra Husaini, Coralie Huson, Afreen Hussain, Ibraar Hussain, Ifza Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Sajid Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Wasim Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Raheem Hussein, Rebecca Hussey, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Mazen Ibraheim, Abdalla Ibrahim, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Monzeer Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Adetokunbo I Idowu, Muhammad Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Mawara Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Mary Ilsley, Lorna Ilves, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Christopher Imray, Alison Imtiaz, Haider Imtiaz, Claire Ingall, Jack Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Jennifer Inglis, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Peter Inns, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana Ionita, Ilian P Iordanov, Anil Ipe, Adil Iqbal, Madiha Iqbal, Mohammed Iqbal, Faisal Iqbal Sait, Jane Ireland, Robert Irons, Mohannad Irshad, Muhammad S Irshad, Janice Irvine, Val Irvine, Pamela Irving, Robert Irving, Mina Ishak, Erica Isherwood, Aminul Islam, Abdurrahman Islim, Ali Ismail, Omar Ismail, Caroline Ison, M'hamedi Israa, Sharon Isralls, Ali Issa, Monica Ivan, Catrina Ivel, Chineze Ivenso, Ashleigh Ivy, Sophie Iwanikiw, Karen Ixer, Menaka Iyer, Mia Iyer, Calum Jack, Amanda Jackson, Anthony Jackson, Ben Jackson, Beth Jackson, Douglas Jackson, Ella Jackson, Hayley Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jane Jackson, Julie Jackson, Karin Jackson, Lauren Jackson, Melanie Jackson, Nicola Jackson, Shane Jackson, Sharon Jackson, Nikita Jacob, Patricia Jacob, Reni Jacob, Nicola Jacques, Terri-Lisa Jacques-Brown, Anisa Jafar, Daniel Jafferji, Ali Jaffery, Chandrashekar Jagadish, Vijay Jagannathan, Sam Jaggard, Mandeep Jagpal, Fernandez R Jaime, Neemisha Jain, Seema Jain, Susan Jain, Sanjay Jaiswal, Danyal Jajbhay, Thomas Jaki, Bintou Jallow, Yusuf Jaly, Sabine Jamal, Zeba Jamal, Yasmin Jameel, Albie James, Christie James, Kate James, Lee James, Linda James, Mark James, Nicholas James, Olivia James, Rebecca James, Ruth James, Tracy James, Jack Jameson, Aaron Jamison, Phoebe Jane, Azara Janmohamed, Sabrina Jansz, Deepa Japp, Lorraine Jappy, Victor Jardim, Catherine Jardine, Emma Jarnell, Ellie Jarvie, Ann Jarvis, Claire Jarvis, Lisa Jarvis, Rosina Jarvis, Patrycja Jastrzebska, Hafsa Javed, Mays Jawad, Lona Jawaheer, Kauky Jawaid, Anu Jayachandran, Dinakaran Jayachandran, Angelina Jayakumar, Deepak Jayaram, Ravi Jayaram, Geeshath Jayasekera, Thilina Jayatilleke, Abi Jayebalan, Saman Jeddi, Vandana Jeebun, Mohammad S Jeelani, Zeynab Jeewa, Emma Jefferson, Katie Jeffery, Helen Jeffrey, Jenni Jeffrey, Rachel Jeffrey, Sue Jeffrey, Nathan Jeffreys, Benjamin Jeffs, Debbie Jegede, Taylor Jemima, Ifan Jenkin, Alison Jenkins, Christopher Jenkins, David Jenkins, Elinor Jenkins, Sarah Jenkins, Sian Jenkins, Stephen Jenkins, Jacqui Jennings, Louise Jennings, Rebecca Jennings, Virginia Jennings, Ellen Jerome, Douglas Jerry, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Jorge Antonio Jesus Silva, Champa Jetha, Kishan Jethwa, Jeby Jeyachandran, Visuvanathan Jeyakumar, Dharshana Jeyapalan, Shaman Jhanji, Khoo Jian, Zhixin Jiao, Laura Jimenez, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Navin John, Sarah John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Anne-Marie Johnson, Antoinette Johnson, David Johnson, Emma Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Katie Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Nelsonseelan Johnson, Oliver Johnson, Rachel Johnson, Tracy Johnson, Zoe Johnson, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Laura Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed Johnstone, Janet Johnstone, Manohar Joishy, Adam Jones, Alistair Jones, Annabel Jones, Ben Jones, Bryony Jones, Carys Jones, Ceri Jones, Charlotte Jones, Christine E Jones, Debra Jones, Emily Jones, Gareth Jones, Geraldine Jones, Hazel Jones, Jac Jones, James Jones, Jamie Jones, Jessica Jones, Jonathon Jones, Julie Jones, Karen Jones, Kate E Jones, Kevin Jones, Laura Jones, Laura M Jones, Lorna Jones, Louise Jones, Mathew Jones, Nicola Jones, Paul Jones, Rhianna Jones, Ruth E Jones, Samantha Jones, Sophie Jones, Stefanie Jones, Steve Jones, Taya Jones, Tim Jones, Tracey Jones, Ramya Jonnalagadda, Rebecca Jordache, Annette Jose, Sanal Jose, Anna Joseph, Joseph Joseph, Rosane Joseph, Sibet Joseph, Dhaara Joshi, Mehul Joshi, Pratichi Joshi, Revati Joshi, Benz Josiah, Tiffany Joyce, Adriel Ju Wen Kwek, Edward Jude, Parminder Judge, Jessica Juhl, Sirisha Jujjavarapu, Mark Juniper, Edmund Juszczak, Deepthi Jyothish, Kasamu Kabiru Dawa, Mark Kacar, Katarina Kacinova, Nikhil Kadam, Rebecca Kahari, Gail Kakoullis, Azad Kala Bhushan, Richard JK Kalayi, Roobala Kaliannan Periyasami, Efthymia Kallistrou, Seika Kalsoom, Elisa Kam, John Kamara, Mohamed Kamara, Ajay Kamath, Prakash Kamath, Ravindra Kamath, Siddharth Arun Kamerkar, Nick Kametas, Musaiwale Kamfose, Arul Kandaswamy, Leia Kane, Osei Kankam, Thogulava Kannan, Abhinav Kant, Vikas Kapil, Ritoo Kapoor, Sonal Kapoor, Sourjya Kar, Janaka Kara, 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Michelle Lake, Nicki Lakeman, David Lalloo, Fiona Lalloo, Alison Lam, Fiona Lamb, Lucy Lamb, Thomas Lamb, Nick Lambe, Pauline Lambert, Claudia Lameirinhas, Mohammed KG Lami, Abigail Lamikanra, Holly Lamont, Michal Lamparski, Djillali Lamrani, Christine Lanaghan, Rebecca Lanaway, Ivone Lancona-Malcolm, Julia Lancut, Geraldine Landers, Martin J Landray, Matthew Lane, Nicholas Lane, Alidih Lang, Stephen Lang, Daniel Langer, Margaret Langley, Charles Langoya, Emily Langthorne, Taiya Large, Wojciech Lason, Anna Last, Scott Latham, John Latham-Mollart, Afzal Latheef, Darren Latimer, Nang Latt, Carly-Jane Lattimore, Dawn Lau, Eva Lau, Myra Laurenson, Hou Law, Jennifer Law, Jessica Law, Penny Law, Richard Law, Colin Lawler, Mark Lawley, Emma Lawrence, Jo Lawrence, Neil Lawrence, Ryan Lawrie, Jemima Lawson, Joanne Lawson, Louise Lawson, Rebecca Lawton, Michael Lay, Christine Laycock, Reina Layug, Maria Lazo, Vietland Le, Amelia Lea, William Lea, Ian Leadbitter, Thomas Leahy, Richard Lean, Lorna 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Nagarajan, Imrun Nagra, Deepak Nagra, Mina Naguib, Kirushthiga Naguleswaran, K Shonit Nagumantry, Kevin Naicker, Sarveshni Naidoo, Gireesha Naik, Rishi Naik, Samir Naik, Devu S Nair, Rajiv Nair, Tanushree Nair, Jay Naisbitt, Kerry Naismith, Sri Nallapareddy, Soum Nallapeta, Arumugan Nallasivan, Uttam Nanda, Aarti Nandani, Ali Raza Naqvi, Asadullah Naqvi, Sara Naqvi, Shruthi Narayan, Sophia Nasa, Dominic Nash, Nader Nasheed, Abdul Nasimudeen, Umer Nasir, Marwan Nassari, Tahir Nasser, Anushka Natajaran, Anuja Natarajan, Geetha Natarajan, Nalin Natarajan, Nikhila Natarajan, Rajkumar Natarajan, Noel Nathaniel, Mala Nathvani, Priyan Nathwani, George Nava, Neena Navaneetham, Jeya Navaratnam, Helen Navarra, Sadaf Naveed, John Navin, Khuteja Nawaz, Sarfaraz Nawaz, Shasta Nawaz, Bonilla Nayar, Suzanne Naylor, Moez Nayyar, Farrah Naz, Mobeena Naz, Salima Nazarali, Babak Nazari, S Nazir, Sehar Nazir, Dumisani Ncomanzi, Onyine Ndefo, Alan Neal, Elaine Neary, Mostafa Negmeldin, Paula Neill, Hector 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Raj, Pradeep Rajagopalan, Nithy Rajaiah, Arvind Rajasekaran, Aylur Rajasri, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Jyothi Rajeswary, Jeyanthy Rajkanna, Gayathri Rajmohan, Ruth Rallan, David Ralphs, Katherine Ralston, Maximilian Ralston, Matsa Ram, Balaji Ramabhadran, Fathima Ramali, Mohamed Ramali, Athimalaipet Ramanan, Shashikira Ramanna, Maheshi Ramasamy, Dhanishta Ramdin, Jozel Ramirez, Mylah Ramirez, Geshwin Ramnarain, Lidia Ramos, Shanthi Ramraj, Alex Ramshaw, Aleem Rana, Ghulam F Rana, Rehman Rana, Abby Rand, James Rand, Helen Randall, Harpal Randheva, Poonam Ranga, Manmeet Rangar, Harini Rangarajan, Sameer Ranjan, Poormina Ranka, Rajesh Rankhelawon, Haley Ranton, Anita Rao, Sandhya Rao, Sanjay Rao, Deepak Rao, Anuja Rasarathnam, Alia Rashid, Khalid Rashid, Simbisai Ratcliff, Sam Ratcliffe, Sophy Ratcliffe, Sanjeev Rath, Mohmad I Rather, Selina Rathore, Aravinden Ratnakumar, Jonathan Ratoff, Deepa Rattehalli, Jason Raw, Hywel Rawlins, Gautam Ray, Michelle Ray, Adam Raymond-White, Dana Raynard, 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Anand Shah, Bhavni Shah, Momin Shah, Neil Shah, Pallav Shah, Priyank Shah, Qasim Shah, Sarfaraz H Shah, Snehal Shah, Suraj Shah, Syed Shah, Wajid Shah, Saarma Shahad, Sousan Shahi, Sipan Shahnazari, Muhammad Shahzeb, Aisha Shaibu, Zara Shaida, Amina Y Shaikh, Maliha Shaikh, Rajit Shail, Mariya Shaji, Muhammad Shakeel, Korah Shalan, Nadia Shamim, Kazi Shams, Alison Shanahan, Thomas Shanahan, Shaminie Shanmugaranjan, Hamed Sharaf, Muhammad Sharafat, Asir Sharif, Ajay Sharma, Akhilesh Sharma, Ash Sharma, Bhawna Sharma, Mona Sharma, Ojasvi Sharma, Poonam Sharma, Rajeev Sharma, Sanjeev Sharma, Sarkhara Sharma, Shriv Sharma, Sonal Sharma, Alexander Sharp, Charles Sharp, Gemma Sharp, Paula Sharratt, Phoebe Sharratt, Katherine Sharrocks, Emma Sharrod, Christopher Shaw, Daisy Shaw, David Shaw, Deborah Shaw, Joanne Shaw, Jonathan Shaw, Lisa Shaw, Tomos G Shaw, Anna Shawcross, Jill Shawe, Lou Shayler, Khuram Shazad, Sophy Shedwell, Jonathan Sheffield, Zak Shehata, Arshiya Sheik, Asif Sheikh, Noorann Sheikh, Laura Sheldon, Benjamin Shelley, Sarah Shelton, Anil Shenoy, Julie Shenton, Amy Shepherd, Kate Shepherd, Lorna Shepherd, Scott Shepherd, Rhian Sheppeard, Helen Sheridan, Ray Sheridan, Samuel Sherridan, Leanne Sherris, Susanna Sherwin, Shaad Shibly, Roger Shiers, Chiaki Shioi, Anand Shirgaonkar, Kim Shirley, Adebusola Shonubi, Angela Short, Richard Shortland, Rob Shortman, Rohan Shotton, Sarah Shotton, Ervin Shpuza, Nora Shrestha, Karen Shuker, Jack Shurmer, Gilbert Siame, Loria Siamia, Zanele Sibanda, Claire Sidaway, Seshnag Siddavaram, Nasir Siddique, Sohail Siddique, Nyma Sikondari, Claudia Silva Moniz, Mike Silverstone, Malcolm Sim, Theresa Simangan, Vimbai Simbi, Robert Sime, Oliver Simmons, Richard Simms, Merritt Simon, Natalie Simon, Angela Simpson, Anna Simpson, Danny Simpson, Georgina Simpson, Joanne Simpson, John Simpson, Kerry Simpson, Phillip Simpson, Thomas Simpson, Andrew Simpson, Kathryn Simpson, Cindy Sing, Ankita Singh, Claire Singh, Jayaprakash Singh, Jyoti Singh, Lokeshwar Singh, Manjeet Singh, Nadira Singh, Pankaj Singh, Prabhsimran Singh, Salil Singh, Saurabh Singh, Parag Singhal, Bryan Singizi, Manas Sinha, Utkarsh Sinha, Guy Sisson, Sarah Sithiravel, Karthikadevi Sivakumar, Shanmugasundaram Sivakumar, Darsh Sivakumran, Sivanthi Sivanadarajah, Pasupathy-Rajah Sivasothy, Rebecca Sivers, Alison Sivyer, Nicole Skehan, Robert Skelly, Orlagh Skelton, Imogen Skene, Michael J Skill, Denise Skinner, Tabitha Skinner, Victoria Skinner, Agnieszka Skorko, Iwona Skorupinska, Mariola Skorupinska, Amy Slack, Katie Slack, Wendy Slack, Heather Slade, Helen Slade, Mark Slade, Helen Slater, Lynda Slater, Nicola Slawson, Andrew Sloan, Brendan Sloan, Derek Sloan, Geraldine Sloane, Benjamin Small, Ellen Small, Emma Small, Samuel Small, Karen D Smallshaw, Andy Smallwood, Carien Smit, Aileen Smith, Alex Smith, Amanda Smith, Amy Smith, Andrew Smith, Anna Smith, Camilla Smith, Catherine Smith, Chris Smith, Christopher Smith, Dominic Smith, Eleanor Smith, Harriet Smith, Hazel Smith, Helen Smith, Jacky Smith, Janice Smith, Jessica Smith, Juliet Smith, Karen Smith, Kate Smith, Kathryn Smith, Katie Smith, Kelly Smith, Kerry Smith, Lara Smith, Linda Smith, Lisa Smith, Loren Smith, Maria Smith, Mel Smith, Oliver Smith, Rachel Smith, Rebecca Smith, Richard Smith, Ruth Smith, Sally Smith, Samantha Smith, Stacey Smith, Stephanie Smith, Susan Smith, Imogen Smith, John Smith, Gemma Smithson, Sue Smolen, Sara Smuts, Naoise Smyth, Annette Snell, David Snell, Luke Snell, Beng So, Michelle Soan, Toluleyi Sobande, Alberto Sobrino Diaz, Basit Sohail, Bina Sohail, Herminder Sohal, Roy Soiza, Mary Sokolowski, Olajumoke Solademi, Krishma Solanki, Babak Soleimani, Amanda Solesbury, Reanne Solly, Louise Solomon, Subash Somalanka, Chandrashekaraiah Somashekar, Raj Sonia, Shiu-Ching Soo, Deepti Sood, Pavandeep Soor, Germanda Soothill, Jennifer Soren, Youssef Sorour, Apina Sothinathan, Pragalathan Sothirajah, Najwa Soussi, Donna Southam, David Southern, Iain Southern, Louise Southern, Sara M Southin, Jessica Southwell, Thomas Southworth, Jason Sowter, Claudia Spalding, Enti Spata, Katie Spears, Mark Spears, John Spence, Michelle Spence, Branwell Spencer, Gisele Spencer, Sue Spencer, Tom Spencer, Helen Spicer, Rose Spicer, Helen Spickett, Jennifer Spillane, William Spiller, Kerry Spinks, Michelle Spinks, Nick Spittle, Johanna Sporrer, Karen Spreckley, Janet Spriggs, Oliver Spring, Scott Springworth, Gemma Squires, Jack Squires, Rebecca Squires, Ram Sreenivasan, K Sri Paranthamen, Ramesh Srinivasan, Asha Srirajamadhuveeti, Vino Srirathan, Chloe Stacey, Sybil Stacpoole, Louise Stadon, Tony Staincliffe, Jocasta Staines, Nikki Staines, Katie Stammers, Roxana Stanciu, Grazyna Stanczuk, Helen Stannard, Edward Stanton, Robyn Staples, Simon Stapley, Natalie Staplin, Adam Stark, Michelle Starr, Julie Staves, Rached Stead, Anthea Steel, Charlotte Steel, Conor Steele, John Steer, Vergnano Stefania, Paula Stefanowska, Katie Steinert, Caroline Stemp, Alison Stephens, David Stephensen, Elaine Stephenson, Monique Sterrenburg, Georgia Stevens, Guy Stevens, Melanie Stevens, Will Stevens, Amy Stevenson, Andrew Stevenson, Elaine Stevenson, Lesley Stevenson, Sarah Stevenson, Amanda Stewart, Claire Stewart, Colin Stewart, McKenna Stewart, Rachel Stewart, Rebecca Stewart, Richard Stewart, Jo Stickley, Gemma Stiller, Robert Stirk, Sarah Stirrup, Sarah Stock, Alexander Stockdale, Lynne Stockham, Paul Stockton, Emma Stoddard, Chris Stokes, Ben Stone, Roisin Stone, Sarah Stone, Imogen Storey, Kim Storton, Frederick Stourton, Angela Strachan, Catherine Strait, Ellen Strakosch, Emma Stratton, Jane Stratton, Sam Straw, Luke Streeter, Dieter Streit, Emma Stride, Sally Stringer, Sophia Strong-Sheldrake, Siske Struik, Carmel Stuart, Anna Stubbs, Harrison Stubbs, Ann Sturdy, Sharon Sturney, Matt Stuttard, Cristina Suarez, Karuna Subba, Christian P Subbe, Manjula Subramanian, Venkatram Subramanian, Chinari Subudhi, Rebecca Suckling, Srivatsan Sudershan, Lee Sudlow, Gayle Sugden, Peter Sugden, Rudresh Sukla, Ali Suliman, Fatimah Suliman, Ian Sullivan, Sugrah Sultan, Jennifer Summers, Mark Summerton, Samyukta Sundar, Reka Sundhar, Edmond Sung, Nadia Sunni, Jay Suntharalingam, Amitava Sur, Dharmic Suresh, Shilpa Suresh, Rachel Suri, Michael Surtees, Danielle Suter, Helen Sutherland, Rachel Sutherland, Rebecca Sutherland, Dovile Sutinyte, Deborah Sutton, John Sutton, Sam Sutton, Mihaela Sutu, Marie-Louise Svensson, Sima Svirpliene, Andrew Swain, Thomas Swaine, Christopher Swales, Lorna Swan, Nicola Swarbrick, Tirion Swart, Stephen Sweetman, Samaher Sweity, Ealish Swift, Paul Swift, Pauline Swift, Peter Swift, Rachael Swift, Rachel Swingler, Sophie Swinhoe, Katarzyna Swist-Szulik, Luke Swithenbank, Omair Syed, Catriona Sykes, Daisy Sykes, Eliot Sykes, Luke Sylvester, Dominic Symon, Andrew Syndercombe, Zoe Syrimi, Jen Syson, Gemma Szabo, Tamas Szakmany, Megan Szekely, Matthew Szeto, Maria Tadros, Amr Tageldin, Lucy Tague, Hasan Tahir, Muhammad Tahir, Silvia Taibo, Zsofia Takats, Abigail Takyi, Peter Talbot, Alison Talbot -Smith, James Talbot-Ponsonby, Richard Tallent, Bradley Tallon, Phoebe Tamblin-Hopper, Adrian Tan, Bee T Tan, Hock Tan, Huey Tan, Jade Tan, Keith Tan, WeiTeen Tan, Anand Tana, Xiaohui Tang, Christina Tanney, Tabitha Tanqueray, Emma Tanton, Ran Tao, Mark Taplin, Hayley Tarft, Priyal Taribagil, Obaid Tarin, Syed Tariq, Zeeshan Tariq, David Tarpey, Lisa Tarrant, Antonia Tasiou, Elizabeth Tatam, Margaret L Tate, Kate Tatham, Vera Tavoukjian, Alexander Taylor, Beverley Taylor, Brian Taylor, Charlie Taylor, Charlotte Taylor, David Taylor, Elisabeth Taylor, Janet Taylor, Jennifer Taylor, Joanne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Karen Taylor, Leanne Taylor, Margaret Taylor, Matthew Taylor, Melanie Taylor, Natalie Taylor, Rachael Taylor, Rachel Taylor, Samantha Taylor, Suzanne Taylor, Tina Taylor, Tracey Taylor, Vicky Taylor, Michelle Taylor-Siddons, Thomas Taynton, Amelia Te, Jessica Teasdale, Julie Tebbutt, Caroline Tee, Rajni Tejwani, Seble Tekle, Adam Telfer, Vibha Teli, Jennifer Tempany, Holly Templar, Julie Temple, Natalie Temple, Helen Tench, Yi He Teoh, Lynne Terrett, Louise Terry, Abbi Tervit, Dariusz Tetla, Kate Tettmar, Shirish Tewari, Daniel Tewkesbury, Joana Texeira, ChiaLing Tey, Clare Thakker, Manish Thakker, Amirtharajh Tharmakulasingam, Hilary Thatcher, Andrew Thayanandan, Krishna Thazhatheyil, Eaint Thein, Lambrini Theocharidou, Phyu Thet, Kapeendran Thevarajah, Mayooran Thevendra, Nang Thiri Phoo, Yvette Thirlwall, Muthu Thirumaran, Alice Thomas, Andrew Thomas, Caradog Thomas, Emma Thomas, Enson Thomas, Esther Thomas, Hannah Thomas, Helen Thomas, James Thomas, Karen Thomas, Koshy Thomas, Lucy Thomas, Rachel Thomas, Rebecca Thomas, Rhys Thomas, Ruth Thomas, Samantha Thomas, Sarah Thomas, Sherine Thomas, Tessy Thomas, Vicky Thomas, Rhian Thomas-Turner, Samantha Thomas-Wright, Catherine Thompson, Christopher Thompson, Clara Thompson, Fiona Thompson, Katharine Thompson, Laura Thompson, Liz Thompson, Luke Thompson, Michael Thompson, Orla Thompson, Rebecca Thompson, Roger Thompson, Trevor Thompson, Usilla Thompson, Nicola Thomson, Natasha Thorn, Charlotte Thorne, Nicola Thorne, Wendy Thorne, Jim Thornton, Michael Thornton, Richard Thornton, Sara Thornton, Susan Thornton, Thomas Thornton, Tracey Thornton, Allison Thorpe, Christopher Thorpe, Sarah Thorpe, Paradeep Thozthumparambil, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Hannah Thraves, Elisha Thuesday, Vicky Thwaiotes, Guy Thwaites, Simon Tiberi, Jane Tidman, Serena Tieger, Carey Tierney, Caroline Tierney, Mark Tighe, Sorrell Tilbey, Amanda Tiller, John Timerick, Elizabeth Timlick, Alison Timmis, Hayley Timms, Anne-Marie Timoroksa, Samakomva Tinashe, Heather Tinkler, Marianne Tinkler, Jacqui Tipper, Helen Tivenan, Helen T-Michael, Anne Todd, Jackie Todd, Stacy Todd, Mohamed Tohfa, Helena Tollick, Melanie Tolson, Ana Luisa Tomas, Natalia Tomasova, Sharon Tomlin, Simon Tomlins, Jo Tomlinson, James Tonkin, Ivan Tonna, Catherine Toohey, Kirsty Topham, Mathew Topping, Ruhaif Tousis, Peter Tovey, Gareth Towersey, Jason Towler, Jill Townley, Alain Townsend, Chris Townsend, Richard Tozer, Claire Tranter, Helen Tranter, Jonathan Trattles, Christopher Travill, Sarah Traynor, Karis Treuberg, Mike Trevett, Ascanio Tridente, Sanchia Triggs, Fiona Trim, Thomas Trimble, Alex Trimmings, Tom Trinick, Sven Troedson, Emily Tropman, Amy Trotter, Madeleine Trowsdale Stannard, Nigel Trudgill, Maria Truslove, Shaun Trussell, Tariq Trussell, Sara Tryon, Kyriaki Tsakiridou, Christine Tsang, Hoi Pat Tsang, Peter Tsang, Tan Tsawayo, Kyriaki Karali Tsilimpari, Georgios Tsinaslanidis, Simon Tso, Sally Tucker, Victoria Tuckley, Caroline Tuckwell, Aisha Tufail, Redmond Tully, Grace Tunesi, Saidat Turawa, Killiam Turbitt, Anna Turco, Krystyna Turek, Rezon Turel, Tolga Turgut, Claudia Turley, Alison Turnbull, Aine Turner, Ash Turner, Charlotte Turner, David Turner, Frances Turner, Gail Turner, Kate Turner, Kelly Turner, Louise Turner, Lucy Turner, Marc Turner, Mark Turner, Patricia Turner, Ruth Turner, Sally Turner, Samantha Turner, Susan Turner, Victoria Turner, Sharon Turney, Jon Turvey, Conor Tweed, David Tweed, Rebecca Twemlow, Emma Twohey, Bhavya Tyagi, Vedang Tyagi, Abigail Tyer, Jayne Tyler, Jennifer Tyler, Alison Tyzack, Petros Tzavaras, Mohammad S Uddin, Ruhama Uddin, Ruzena Uddin, Salamat Ullah, Sana Ullah, Sanda Ullah, Athavan Umaipalan, Judith Umeadi, Akudo Umeh, Wilfred Umeojiako, Ben Ummat, Charlotte Underwood, Jonathan Underwood, Laura Unitt, Adam Unsworth, Jasvinder Uppal, Veerpal S Uppal, James Uprichard, Gerry Upson, Masood Ur Rasool, Alison Uriel, Sebastian Urruela, Hiromi Uru, Miranda Usher, Rebecca Usher, Alex UsherRea, Andrew Ustianowski, Jane Uttley, Linda C Vaccari, Uddhav Vaghela, Abhay Vaidya, Bernardas Valecka, Jennifer Valentine, Balan Valeria, Pramodh Vallabhaneni, Pedro Valle Vallines, Luke Vamplew, Ekaterini Vamvakiti, Joannis Vamvakopoulos, Maud van de Venne, Alex van der Meer, Nora van der Stelt, Joseph Vance-Daniel, Rama Vancheeswaran, Caryn Vander Riet, Samuel I Vandeyoon, Padma Vankayalapati, Piyush Vanmali, Chloe Vansomeren, William Van't Hoff, Sejal Vara, Kate Vardigans, Stehen J Vardy, Anu Varghese, Maria Varghese, William Varney, Giulia Varnier, Valeria Vasadi, Olivia Vass, Vimal Vasu, Vasanthi Vasudevan, Manu Vatish, Heloyes Vayalaman, Christopher Vaz, Niki Veale, Sachuda Veerasamy, Bar Velan, Swati Velankar, Luxmi Velauthar, Neyme Veli, Nicola Vella, Anitha Velusamy, Ian Venables, Mavi Venditti, David Veniard, Ramya Venkataramakrishnan, Richard Venn, Robert Venn, Lyn Ventilacion, Joanne Vere, Mark Veres, Stefania Vergnano, Will Verling, Amit Verma, Rachel Vernall, Britney Vernon, Mark Vertue, Jerik Verula, Natalie Vethanayagam, Lucy Veys, Carinna Vickers, Saji Victor, Jennifer Vidler, Wayne Vietri, Bavithra Vijayakumar, Vinod Warrier Vijayaraghavan Nalini, Brigita Vilcinskaite, Neringa Vilimiene, Sudharkar Vimalanathan, Lynn Vinall, Sylvia Vinay, Latha Vinayakarao, Rachel Vincent, Rosie Vincent, Pritpal Virdee, Emma Virgilio, Abdullah M Virk, Elisa Visentin, Jeyakumar Visuvanathan, Karunakaran Vithian, Sorice Vittoria, Elena Vlad, Ben Vlies, Alain Vuylsteke, Eleftheria Vyras, Richard Wach, Beverley Wadams, Susan Wadd, Natalia Waddington, Kirsten Wadsworth, Syed EI Wafa, Daniel Wagstaff, Lynda Wagstaff, Dalia Wahab, Zaroug Wahbi, Abiodun Waheed Adigun, Sawan Waidyanatha, Rachel Wake, Alice Wakefield, William Wakeford, Michelle Wakelin, Fiona Wakinshaw, Andrew Walden, Jane Walden, Lorna Walding, Alexandria Waldron, Gemma Walker, Harriet Walker, Ian Walker, Jasmine Walker, Kevin Walker, Kim Walker, Linda Walker, Marie T Walker, Olivia Walker, Rachel Walker, Rebecca Walker, Susan Walker, Derek Wallbank, Rebecca Wallbutton, Jessica Wallen, Karl Wallendszus, Arabella Waller, Fiona Waller, Rosemary Waller, Gabiel Wallis, Gabriel Wallis, Louise Wallis, Donna Walsh, Elizabeth Walsh, Livia Walsh, Deborah Walstow, Daniel Walter, Alex Walters, Holt Walters, James Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Lucy Walton, Olivia Walton, Sharon Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Thin Wan, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Joanna Ward, Karen Ward, Luke Ward, Nicola Ward, Rachael Ward, Rebecca Ward, Thomas Ward, Tom Ward, Scott A Warden, Adele Wardle, Karen Wardle, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Jade Warren, Lisa Warren, Yolanda Warren, Hannah Warren-Miell, Gill Warwick, Charlotte Washington, Helen Wassall, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Nick Watkins, Abigail Watson, Adam JR Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Paul Watson, Rebecca Watson, Robert Watson, Sandra Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Mark Weatherhead, Nick Weatherly, Paul Weaver, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Kylie Webb, Stephen Webb, Cheryl Websdale, Deborah Webster, Ian Webster, Tim Webster, Kathleen Wedgeworth, Ling Wee, Rebecca Weerakoon, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Immo Weichert, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Samantha Weller, Lucy Wellings, Brian Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, Richard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Lauren Wentworth, Kate Wesseldine, James Wesson, Jim Wesson, Adam West, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Luke Western, Ruth Westhead, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Bill Wetherill, Sharon Wheaver, Helen Wheeler, Ben Whelan, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Alison Whitcher, Abbie White, Andrew White, Benjamin White, Christopher White, Duncan White, Emily White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Stephen White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Julia Whiteley, Sophie Whiteley, Victoria Whiteside, Drew Whitley, Kaitlyn Whitley, Gabriel Whitlingum, David Whitmore, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Andrew Whittingham Hirst, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Robert Whittle, Suzanne Whyte, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Christopher Wignall, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Peter Wilding, Ritchie Wildman, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Donna Wiles, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, Chloe Wilkes, Janet Wilkie, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Helen Wilkinson, Holly Wilkinson, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Martin Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Aimee Williams, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Gail Williams, Gemma Williams, Gina Williams, Hannah Williams, James Williams, Jayne Williams, Jennie Williams, John Williams, Joseph Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Marie Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Rachael Williams, Rupert Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Tamanna Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Rachel Williamson, Helen Williamson, Bruce Willian, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Laura Willmott, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Catherine Willshire, Francesca Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Billy Wilson, Catherine Wilson, Eve Wilson, James Wilson, Karen Wilson, Kate Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Matthew Wilson, Toni Wilson, Evie Wiltsher, Marlar Win, Tin Win, Wut Yee Win Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Phillip Windrum, Kerry Winham-Whyte, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Pascal Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Holly Wissett, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Magda Wolna, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica Sue Yi Wong, Kit Y Wong, Lee Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Yun Man Wong, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Carrie Anne Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Julia Wood, Kathryn Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Michelle Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Ursula Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Luke Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Debra Woods, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Rachel Wookey, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Tim Wreford-Bush, Joanne Wren, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Imogen Wright, Lee Wright, Lianne Wright, Pete Wright, Rachel Wright, Rebecca Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Retno Wulandari, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Zhongyang Xia, Huiyuan Xiao, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Naairah Yaqub, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Julie Yates, Mark Yates, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Andrew Yeatman, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Peter Yew, Kawai Yip, Laura Ylquimiche, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Richard Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Chrissie Yu, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Raisa Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Lynn Zarb, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Marian Zelman, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Veronica Zindonda, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Azam Zubir, Roslin Zuha, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, Will Zuurbier, Sheba Zyengi, and University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Subjects: Male, Convalescent plasma, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Antibodies, Viral, Rate ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Medicine, Hospital Mortality, 030212 general & internal medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, Medicine(all), Mortality rate, Covid19, Articles, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hospitals, Treatment Outcome, Female, Open label, Coronavirus Infections, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, RM, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, In patient, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Aged, Mechanical ventilation, Science & Technology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Significant difference, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, Length of Stay, NIS, R1, Respiration, Artificial, United Kingdom, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RECOVERY Collaborative Group, business
Abstract: Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research.
Published: 2021

3. Robot-Assisted Carotid Artery Stenting: A Safety and Feasibility Study

Author: Colin Bicknell, Ben Jones, Mohamad Hamady, and Celia Riga
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Carotid artery stent, Robot, Carotid Artery, Common, Computed Tomography Angiography, Carotid arteries, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.artery, Technical Note, medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Common carotid artery, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Open surgery, CAS, Endovascular robotics, Robotics, Middle Aged, Embolic Protection Devices, Surgery, Catheter, surgical procedures, operative, Treatment Outcome, Medical robotics, Feasibility Studies, Female, Stents, Presentation (obstetrics), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Vascular Surgical Procedures
Abstract: Purpose Endovascular robotics is an emerging technology within the developing field of medical robotics. This was a prospective evaluation to assess safety and feasibility of robotic-assisted carotid artery stenting. Materials and Methods Consecutive cases of carotid artery stenting cases performed over period of 24 months, from May 2015 to October 2016, using the Magellan Robotic System (Hansen, Mountain View, CA) were included. All cases utilised the robotic system to navigate the arch, obtain a stable position in the common carotid artery, followed by manual manipulation of Embolic Protection Devices and self-expandable stents through the robotic catheter. Patients demographics, clinical indications, anatomical features, technical and clinical success, complication rate and hospital stay were prospectively recorded. Results Thirteen patients, 10 males (78.5%), with an average age of 68.7 years were treated. Mean follow up time was 30 months. Ten patients (91%) were symptomatic at presentation. Anatomical indications for endovascular stent insertion were previous open surgery to the neck ± radiotherapy (87.5%) and hostile anatomy for open surgery (12.5%). Technical success was 100% and the robotic system demonstrates enhanced stability during arch and lesion crossing. There were no neurological complications post-operatively. Average hospital stay was 3 days (range 2–6 days) and a change in serum creatinine of −7.8 μmol/L. There was no documented case of in stent restenosis, new or worsening neurology during follow-up. Conclusion These results illustrate safety and feasibility of robotic endovascular revascularisation for carotid disease and demonstrates potential to enhance peri-procedural safety through improved control and stability.
Published: 2021

4. Tackling climate-science learning through futures thinking

Author: Ben Jones and Simon Taylor
Subjects: Cooperative learning, Authentic learning, Environmental education, business.industry, Mathematics education, Sociology, Climate science, business, Futures contract
Abstract: This study examined the role of a future-oriented scenario with secondary school students using diorama construction which included climate-change knowledge and envisioning alternative futures. To explore the potential role of futures-thinking modelling, students from one class participated in a 12-week cross-curricular inquiry with their teachers. Jensen’s (2002) dimensions of action-oriented knowledge are used to examine the climate-change knowledge developed by the students. Four common images of the future (Dator, 2014) are incorporated as models to forecast alternative futures. The findings suggest the value of future-oriented dioramas for developing climate-change understanding and futures thinking.
Published: 2020

5. Adding web-based behavioural support to exercise referral schemes for inactive adults with chronic health conditions: the e-coachER RCT

Author: Jo Erwin, Lucy Yardley, Rohini Terry, Kate Jolly, Wendy Ingram, Colin J Greaves, Chloe McAdam, Sarah Dean, Jennie King, Ben Ainsworth, Ben Jane, Lucy Hughes, Ben Jones, Paul Little, Nanette Mutrie, Nigel Charles, Anthony D. Woolf, Mary Steele, Nana Anokye, Jeffrey D Lambert, Adrian H. Taylor, Rod S Taylor, John Campbell, Chris Cavanagh, Douglas Webb, Adam Streeter, and Lisa Price
Subjects: Male, obesity, Time Factors, Cost effectiveness, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Weight loss, law, Accelerometry, 030212 general & internal medicine, Referral and Consultation, exercise, diabetes, adult, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Middle Aged, Telemedicine, Weight Reduction Programs, Mental Health, lcsh:R855-855.5, depression, Digital Health, Physical and Mental Health, Female, medicine.symptom, Qualitative, 0305 other medical science, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, hypertension, lcsh:Medical technology, Adolescent, self-determination theory, body mass index, behaviour change, primary care, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Goal setting, Osteoarthritis, medicine, Humans, quality-adjusted life years, cost-effectiveness, Exercise, Aged, business.industry, cost-benefit analysis, Mediation, self-monitoring, Mentoring, process evaluation, Confidence interval, Quality-adjusted life year, Accelerometer, primary health care, accelerometer, osteoarthritis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, quality of life, Pedometer, Chronic Disease, Quality of Life, Physical therapy, e-health, Self Report, Sedentary Behavior, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Background There is modest evidence that exercise referral schemes increase physical activity in inactive individuals with chronic health conditions. There is a need to identify additional ways to improve the effects of exercise referral schemes on long-term physical activity. Objectives To determine if adding the e-coachER intervention to exercise referral schemes is more clinically effective and cost-effective in increasing physical activity after 1 year than usual exercise referral schemes. Design A pragmatic, multicentre, two-arm randomised controlled trial, with a mixed-methods process evaluation and health economic analysis. Participants were allocated in a 1 : 1 ratio to either exercise referral schemes plus e-coachER (intervention) or exercise referral schemes alone (control). Setting Patients were referred to exercise referral schemes in Plymouth, Birmingham and Glasgow. Participants There were 450 participants aged 16–74 years, with a body mass index of 30–40 kg/m2, with hypertension, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, lower limb osteoarthritis or a current/recent history of treatment for depression, who were also inactive, contactable via e-mail and internet users. Intervention e-coachER was designed to augment exercise referral schemes. Participants received a pedometer and fridge magnet with physical activity recording sheets, and a user guide to access the web-based support in the form of seven ‘steps to health’. e-coachER aimed to build the use of behavioural skills (e.g. self-monitoring) while strengthening favourable beliefs in the importance of physical activity, competence, autonomy in physical activity choices and relatedness. All participants were referred to a standard exercise referral scheme. Primary outcome measure Minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity in ≥ 10-minute bouts measured by an accelerometer over 1 week at 12 months, worn ≥ 16 hours per day for ≥ 4 days including ≥ 1 weekend day. Secondary outcomes Other accelerometer-derived physical activity measures, self-reported physical activity, exercise referral scheme attendance and EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores were collected at 4 and 12 months post randomisation. Results Participants had a mean body mass index of 32.6 (standard deviation) 4.4 kg/m2, were referred primarily for weight loss and were mostly confident self-rated information technology users. Primary outcome analysis involving those with usable data showed a weak indicative effect in favour of the intervention group (n = 108) compared with the control group (n = 124); 11.8 weekly minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity (95% confidence interval –2.1 to 26.0 minutes; p = 0.10). Sixty-four per cent of intervention participants logged on at least once; they gave generally positive feedback on the web-based support. The intervention had no effect on other physical activity outcomes, exercise referral scheme attendance (78% in the control group vs. 75% in the intervention group) or EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version, or Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores, but did enhance a number of process outcomes (i.e. confidence, importance and competence) compared with the control group at 4 months, but not at 12 months. At 12 months, the intervention group incurred an additional mean cost of £439 (95% confidence interval –£182 to £1060) compared with the control group, but generated more quality-adjusted life-years (mean 0.026, 95% confidence interval 0.013 to 0.040), with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of an additional £16,885 per quality-adjusted life-year. Limitations A significant proportion (46%) of participants were not included in the primary analysis because of study withdrawal and insufficient device wear-time, so the results must be interpreted with caution. The regression model fit for the primary outcome was poor because of the considerable proportion of participants [142/243 (58%)] who recorded no instances of ≥ 10-minute bouts of moderate and vigorous physical activity at 12 months post randomisation. Future work The design and rigorous evaluation of cost-effective and scalable ways to increase exercise referral scheme uptake and maintenance of moderate and vigorous physical activity are needed among patients with chronic conditions. Conclusions Adding e-coachER to usual exercise referral schemes had only a weak indicative effect on long-term rigorously defined, objectively assessed moderate and vigorous physical activity. The provision of the e-coachER support package led to an additional cost and has a 63% probability of being cost-effective based on the UK threshold of £30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year. The intervention did improve some process outcomes as specified in our logic model. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15644451. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 63. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Published: 2020

6. CBD Effects on TRPV1 Signaling Pathways in Cultured DRG Neurons

Author: Uma Anand, Barbara Pacchetti, Stephen R. Bloom, Praveen Anand, Mikael H. Sodergren, Yuri E. Korchev, and Ben Jones
Subjects: TRPV1, Pharmacology, digestive system, Adenylyl cyclase, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Calcium imaging, Dorsal root ganglion, 030202 anesthesiology, Neurotrophic factors, Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, Medicine, Forskolin, biology, business.industry, digestive system diseases, surgical procedures, operative, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, chemistry, biology.protein, cAMP-dependent pathway, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Introduction Cannabidiol (CBD) is reported to produce pain relief, but the clinically relevant cellular and molecular mechanisms remain uncertain. The TRPV1 receptor integrates noxious stimuli and plays a key role in pain signaling. Hence, we conducted in vitro studies, to elucidate the efficacy and mechanisms of CBD for inhibiting neuronal hypersensitivity in cultured rat sensory neurons, following activation of TRPV1. Methods Adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were cultured and supplemented with the neurotrophic factors NGF and GDNF, in an established model of neuronal hypersensitivity. Neurons were stimulated with CBD (Adven 150, EMMAC Life Sciences) at 1, 10, 100 nMol/L and 1, 10 and 50 µMol/L, 48 h after plating. In separate experiments, DRG neurons were also stimulated with capsaicin with or without CBD (1 nMol/L to10 µMol/L), in a functional calcium imaging assay. The effects of the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin and the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin were determined. We also measured forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels, without and after treatment with CBD, using a homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay. The results were analysed using Mann-Whitney test. Results DRG neurons treated with 10 and 50 µMol/L CBD showed calcium influx, but not at lower doses. Neurons treated with capsaicin demonstrated robust calcium influx, which was dose-dependently reduced in the presence of low dose CBD (IC50 = 100 nMol/L). The inhibition or desensitization by CBD was reversed in the presence of forskolin and cyclosporin. Forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels were significantly reduced in CBD treated neurons. Conclusion CBD at low doses corresponding to plasma concentrations observed physiologically inhibits or desensitizes neuronal TRPV1 signalling by inhibiting the adenylyl cyclase - cAMP pathway, which is essential for maintaining TRPV1 phosphorylation and sensitization. CBD also facilitated calcineurin-mediated TRPV1 inhibition. These mechanisms may underlie nociceptor desensitization and the therapeutic effect of CBD in animal models and patients with acute and chronic pain.
Published: 2020

7. The relative contribution of training intensity and duration to daily measures of training load in professional rugby league and union

Author: Nicholas Dalton-Barron, Shaun J. McLaren, Gregory Roe, Clive B. Beggs, Ben Jones, Sean Scantlebury, Grant Abt, Dan Weaving, and Cloe Cummins
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Physical Exertion, education, Football, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, League, Running, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Training load, Duration (project management), Exercise duration, Principal Component Analysis, business.industry, 030229 sport sciences, Intensity (physics), Training intensity, Linear Models, Physical therapy, Perception, business, human activities, Physical Conditioning, Human
Abstract: This study examined the relative contribution of exercise duration and intensity to team-sport athlete's training load. Male, professional rugby league (n = 10) and union (n = 22) players were monitored over 6- and 52-week training periods, respectively. Whole-session (load) and per-minute (intensity) metrics were monitored (league: session rating of perceived exertion training load [sRPE-TL], individualised training impulse, total distance, BodyLoad™; union: sRPE-TL, total distance, high-speed running distance, PlayerLoad™). Separate principal component analyses were conducted on the load and intensity measures to consolidate raw data into principal components (PC
Published: 2020

8. Total Score of Athleticism: Holistic Athlete Profiling to Enhance Decision-Making

Author: Paul J. Read, Nimai Parmar, Anthony N. Turner, Chris Bishop, Ben Jones, Perry F. Stewart, and Shyam Chavda
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, business.industry, Applied psychology, Profiling (information science), Fitness Testing, 030229 sport sciences, Club, Psychology, Multidisciplinary team, business, Coaching
Abstract: Oftentimes, the coaching staff that make up the multidisciplinary team of a sports club or governing body require a single, holistic indication of an athlete’s athleticism. Currently there is no consensus on how this is best achieved and thus the Total Score of Athleticism (TSA) may provide one such strategy. The TSA is derived from the average of z-scores (or t-scores in the case of small samples) from a sport specific fitness testing battery, ensuring athletes are judged across all the relevant fitness capacities that best define the physical demands of competition. To aid readers in using the TSA, this article also details how it is computed in excel.
Published: 2019

9. Impact of PCSK9 Inhibitors on hypercholesterolaemic patients at a tertiary centre lipid clinic

Author: Vassiliki Bravis, Victoria Salem, Alisha Israni, and Ben Jones
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, PCSK9 Inhibitors, business, Lipid clinic
Published: 2021

10. The metabolomic effects of tripeptide gut hormone infusion compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and caloric restriction

Author: Jia V. Li, James Minnion, Kleopatra Alexiadou, George Tharakan, Ahmed R. Ahmed, Stephen R. Bloom, Matthew R. Lewis, Preeshila Behary, Sanjay Purkayastha, Ben Jones, Tricia Tan, Caroline Sands, Medical Research Council (MRC), National Institute for Health Research, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, Commission of the European Communities, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Society for Endocrinology, European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, British Society for Neuroendocrinology, Eli Lilly & Company (USA), and Ureka Pharma SAS
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, bariatric surgery, Clinical Biochemistry, Gastric Bypass, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Context (language use), Type 2 diabetes, Placebo, Incretins, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology & Metabolism, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Glucose homeostasis, Prediabetes, Online Only Articles, Clinical Research Articles, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, PYY, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), nutritional and metabolic diseases, 1103 Clinical Sciences, medicine.disease, Roux-en-Y anastomosis, metabolomics, 3. Good health, Oxyntomodulin, chemistry, oxyntomodulin, Peptide YY, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, caloric restriction, business, GLP-1, AcademicSubjects/MED00250
Abstract: Context The gut-derived peptide hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin (OXM), and peptide YY (PYY) are regulators of energy intake and glucose homeostasis and are thought to contribute to the glucose-lowering effects of bariatric surgery. Objective To establish the metabolomic effects of a combined infusion of GLP-1, OXM, and PYY (tripeptide GOP) in comparison to a placebo infusion, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, and a very low-calorie diet (VLCD). Design and Setting Subanalysis of a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of GOP infusion (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01945840), including VLCD and RYGB comparator groups. Patients and Interventions Twenty-five obese patients with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes were randomly allocated to receive a 4-week subcutaneous infusion of GOP (n = 14) or 0.9% saline control (n = 11). An additional 22 patients followed a VLCD, and 21 underwent RYGB surgery. Main Outcome Measures Plasma and urine samples collected at baseline and 4 weeks into each intervention were subjected to cross-platform metabolomic analysis, followed by unsupervised and supervised modeling approaches to identify similarities and differences between the effects of each intervention. Results Aside from glucose, very few metabolites were affected by GOP, contrasting with major metabolomic changes seen with VLCD and RYGB. Conclusions Treatment with GOP provides a powerful glucose-lowering effect but does not replicate the broader metabolomic changes seen with VLCD and RYGB. The contribution of these metabolomic changes to the clinical benefits of RYGB remains to be elucidated.
Published: 2021

11. Completeness of reporting and risks of overstating impact in cluster randomised trials: a systematic review

Author: Elizabeth L Turner, Alyssa C Platt, John A Gallis, Kaitlin Tetreault, Christina Easter, Joanne E McKenzie, Stephen Nash, Andrew B Forbes, Karla Hemming, Christine Adrion, Naseerah Akooji, Hannah Bensoussane, Aneel Bhangu, Jon Bishop, Bernadeta Bridgwood, Eric Budgell, Agnès Caille, Michael Campbell, Shiwei Cao, Claire Louise Chan, Versha Cheed, Michelle Collinson, Andrew Copas, Stephanie N Dixon, Sandra Eldridge, Alice S Forster, Alicia Gill, Bruno Giraudeau, Alan Girling, James Glasbey, Beatriz Goulao, Kelsey L Grantham, Simon Hackett, Thomas Hamborg, Kelly Handley, Monica Harding, Pollyanna Hardy, Catherine A Hewitt, Richard Hooper, Natalie Ives, Kirsty James, Christopher I Jarvis, Ben Jones, Brennan C Kahan, Mona Kanaan, Jessica Kasza, Lindsay Kendall, Caroline Kristunas, Kristie Kusibab, Hui-Jie Lee, Clémence Leyrat, Stephanie J Macneill, Vichithranie W Madurasinghe, James Martin, Ariane M Mbekwe Yepnang, Kara McCormack, Samir Mehta, Mirjam Moerbeek, Kelly Moran, Lazaro Mwakesi Mwandigha, Lee Aymar Ndouga Diakou, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Omar Omar, Laura A Pankhurst, Alice Parish, Smitaa Patel, Hayley Perry, Ines Rombach, Ryan Simmons, Beth Stuart, Yongzhong Sun, Monica Taljaard, Elsa Tavernier, Jennifer A Thompson, Tracy Truong, Joao Ricardo Vissoci, Adam P Wagner, Tongrong Wang, Xueqi Wang, Jeremy Weber, Nina Wilson, Jonathan Wilson, Rebecca Woolley, Siyun Yang, Zidanyue Yang, and Group, CRT Binary Outcome Reporting
Subjects: Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Psychological intervention, Multicomponent interventions, MEDLINE, General Medicine, Disease cluster, Article, Primary outcome, Research Design, Global health, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, Research Design/standards, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract: Overstating the impact of interventions through incomplete or inaccurate reporting can lead to inappropriate scale-up of interventions with low impact. Accurate reporting of the impact of interventions is of great importance in global health research to protect scarce resources. In global health, the cluster randomised trial design is commonly used to evaluate complex, multicomponent interventions, and outcomes are often binary. Complete reporting of impact for binary outcomes means reporting both relative and absolute measures. We did a systematic review to assess reporting practices and potential to overstate impact in contemporary cluster randomised trials with binary primary outcome. We included all reports registered in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials of two-arm parallel cluster randomised trials with at least one binary primary outcome that were published in 2017. Of 73 cluster randomised trials, most (60 [82%]) showed incomplete reporting. Of 64 cluster randomised trials for which it was possible to evaluate, most (40 [63%]) reported results in such a way that impact could be overstated. Care is needed to report complete evidence of impact for the many interventions evaluated using the cluster randomised trial design worldwide.
Published: 2021

12. 228-LB: ß-arrestin-2 Deletion Influences GLP-1 Receptor Signaling in Pancreatic ß Cells In Vivo

Author: Guy A. Rutter, Stavroula Bitsi, Kinga Suba, Isabelle Leclerc, Victoria Salem, Ben Jones, Alejandra Tomas, and Nimco Mohamed
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, S-ARRESTIN, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Receptor Desensitization, Endocytosis, Endocrinology, In vivo, Internal medicine, Pharmacodynamics, Knockout mouse, Internal Medicine, Medicine, business, Receptor, Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
Abstract: β-arrestin-2 (Barr2) is typically associated with G protein-coupled receptor desensitization and endocytosis, and reduced Barr2 recruitment is thought to enable prolongation of pharmacodynamic effects of biased glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists. However, the precise role of Barr2 in GLP-1R function in β-cells is poorly understood. To study this role, a tamoxifen-inducible β-cell specific Barr2 knockout mouse model was generated (Pdx1CreERT/Barr2 fl/fl, referred to as β-Barr2 KO). β-Barr2 KO animals on high-fat high-sucrose diet were less glucose tolerant and tended to respond worse to acute exendin-4 (Ex4) treatment vs. controls (Barr2 fl/fl). However, Ex4 effects on blood glucose were more pronounced in KO mice 6h post-agonist injection [IPGTT AUC (6h) for Ex4/ vehicle: 0.84 ± 0.04 vs. 1.08 ± 0.05, p Disclosure S. Bitsi: None. K. Suba: None. N. Mohamed: None. I. Leclerc: Consultant; Spouse/Partner; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. G. A. Rutter: Advisory Panel; Self; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. V. Salem: None. B. Jones: Research Support; Self; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. A. Tomas: Other Relationship; Self; Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Funding Medical Research Council (MR/R010676/1)
Published: 2021

13. The Quality, Quantity, and Intraindividual Variability of Sleep Among Students and Student-Athletes

Author: JC Tee, Ben Jones, Cédric Leduc, Carlos A. Ramírez, and Jonathon Weakley
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Individuality, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Affect (psychology), recovery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, collegiate athlete, Academic Performance, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Quality (business), Students, media_common, business.industry, training load, 030229 sport sciences, Sleep Latency, Sleep in non-human animals, Focus Topic: The Amateur Athlete, Athletes, Case-Control Studies, Female, Self Report, Student athletes, Sleep, sport, business, Stress, Psychological, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Background: Student-athletes are subject to significant demands due to their concurrent sporting and academic commitments, which may affect their sleep. This study aimed to compare the self-reported sleep quality, quantity, and intraindividual variability (IIV) of students and student-athletes through an online survey. Hypothesis: Student-athletes will have a poorer sleep quality and quantity and experience more IIV. Study Design: Case-control study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while sleep quantity and IIV were assessed using the Consensus Sleep Diary. Initially, the PSQI and additional questions regarding sport participation habits were completed by 138 participants (65 students, 73 student-athletes). From within this sample, 44 participants were recruited to complete the sleep diary for a period of 14 days. Results: The mean PSQI score was 6.89 ± 3.03, with 65% of the sample identified as poor sleepers, but no difference was observed between students and student-athletes. Analysis of sleep patterns showed only possibly to likely small differences in sleep schedule, sleep onset latency, and subjective sleep quality between groups. IIV analysis showed likely moderate to possibly small differences between groups, suggesting more variable sleep patterns among student-athletes. Conclusion: This study highlights that sleep issues are prevalent within the university student population and that student-athletes may be at greater risk due to more variable sleep patterns. Clinical Relevance: University coaches should consider these results to optimize sleep habits of their student-athletes.
Published: 2019

14. Peak movement and collision demands of professional rugby league competition

Author: Grant M. Duthie, Dan Weaving, Ben Jones, Billy T. Hulin, Kevin Till, and Rich D. Johnston
Subjects: Adult, Male, Competitive Behavior, Movement, GPS, Football, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, microtechnology, League, moving average, Running, Competition (economics), Wearable Electronic Devices, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Aeronautics, Political science, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, business.industry, Movement (music), acceleration, 030229 sport sciences, Collision, activity profiles, Linear Models, Global Positioning System, business, contact
Abstract: To quantify the peak movement and contact demands of National Rugby League (NRL) and European Super League (ESL) competition players were tracked during 10 NRL (166 files) and 10 ESL (143 files) matches using microtechnology devices. The peak 1- to 5-min periods were then calculated for average match speed (m·min−1), and acceleration (m·s−2) when 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 collisions per min occurred. Linear mixed effect models and Cohen’s effect size statistic (± 90%CI) were used to determine the differences in movement profiles when collisions occurred. Compared to no collision periods, as frequency of collisions per minute increased, there were progressive reductions in running speed for most positional groups. The addition of 1 or more collisions per min resulted in average effect size reductions in match speed of −0.14 for NRL forwards, −0.89 for NRL backs, −0.48 for ESL forwards, and −2.41 for ESL backs. ESL forwards had the highest frequency of peak periods involving 3 or more collisions per min, 22% of all periods, followed by NRL forwards (14%), NRL backs (10%) and ESL backs (8%). This study highlights the peak movement and collision demands of professional rugby league competition and allows practitioners to develop training drills that reflect worst case scenarios.
Published: 2019

15. Sequential movement pattern-mining (SMP) in field-based team-sport: A framework for quantifying spatiotemporal data and improve training specificity?

Author: Dan Weaving, Neil Collins, Anna Palczewska, Ryan White, and Ben Jones
Subjects: Team sport, Computer science, Movement, bepress|Life Sciences|Kinesiology, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, SportRxiv|Sport and Exercise Science|Performance Analysis, Athletic Performance, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, SportRxiv|Sport and Exercise Science|Other Sport and Exercise Science, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Field based, biology, business.industry, Athletes, Movement (music), Training (meteorology), Team Sports, biology.organism_classification, Movement pattern, SportRxiv|Sport and Exercise Science, Global Positioning System, Geographic Information Systems, Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract: Athlete external load is typically quantified as volumes or discretised threshold values using distance, speed and time. A framework that accounts for the movement sequences of athletes has previously been proposed using radio frequency data. This study developed a framework to identify sequential movement sequences using GPS-derived spatiotemporal data in team-sports and establish it’s stability. 13 rugby league players during one match were analysed to demonstrate the application of the framework. The framework (Sequential Movement Pattern-mining [SMP]) applies analysis techniques to handle i) geospatial data (i.e., decimal degree latitude and longitude), ii) determined players turning angles, iii) improved movement descriptor assignment thus, improving movement unit formation and iv) improved the classification and identification of players frequent SMP. The SMP framework allows for sub-sequences of movement units to be condensed, removing repeated elements, which offers a novel technique for the quantification of similarities or dissimilarities between players and playing positions. The SMP framework provides a robust and stable method which allows, for the first time the analysis of GPS-derived data and identifies the frequent SMP of field-based team-sport athletes. The application of the SMP framework in practice could optimise the outcomes of training of field-based team-sport athletes by improving training specificity.
Published: 2021

16. Trial of Intra-Operative Cell Salvage Versus Transfusion in Ovarian Cancer (TIC TOC): A Randomised Controlled Feasibility Study

Author: Khadra Ahmed Galaal, Jane Vickery, Elsa M. R. Marques, Alberto Lopes, Joanne Palmer, Ben Jones, Catherine Ralph, Emma O’Shaughnessy, Paul Ewing, and The TIC TOC Trial Group
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, Intra operative, Blinding, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Cancer, medicine.disease, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Stage (cooking), business, Cytoreductive surgery, Ovarian cancer
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) in women with ovarian cancer. Design: Prospective multicentre randomised controlled feasibility trial. Setting: Four U.K. cancer centres Participants: Women with CT scan evidence supported FIGO stage III/IV ovarian cancer, Intervention group received ICS and control group received blood transfusion. Outcome measures: The acceptability and feasibility of ICS in women with ovarian cancer having cytoreductive surgery. Rates of recruitment for a larger trial and the likely completeness of resource use and outcome data. Blinding of allocation for participants and outcome assessors. Results: Between February 2017 and February 2018, 167 women were screened, and 57 women were enrolled. The mean age was 65 years for the ICS and 63 for the control group. The mean (SD) blood loss in the ICS group was 1022 ml (SD 929ml) and 924ml (SD 646ml) in the control group. 16 (62%) of the participants in the ICS arm received ICS reinfusion and 11 (42%) received donor blood, four intra-operatively three post-operatively and four intra- and post-operatively. In the donor blood group, 14 (48%) of the participants received donor blood, one had ICS and the remaining 14 had no transfusion. Follow-up data were available for 91% of participants (24 ICS, 28 donor) at 30 days post-operatively and for 75% of participants (22 ICS, 21 donor) at six weeks post-operatively. There was no difference in postoperative complications rate between the two groups. A total of six died during the course of the trial follow up. Conclusions: Our study shows that women with ovarian cancer are open to having ICS as an alternative to blood transfusion. ICS might work as an adjuvant or alternative to donor blood. Barriers to a definitive trial include staff and ICS machinery availability in theatre. An appropriately powered randomised controlled trial is now required to address these barriers and investigate the oncological impact of intraoperative cell salvage in women with ovarian cancer. Trial Registration: Trial registration: ISRCTN19517317 Funding: NIHR (RfPB) Programme PB-PG-1014-35005. Declaration of Interest: None to declare. Ethical Approval: We obtained ethics approval for the trial from the Southwest–Exeter Research Ethics Committee (ref: 16/SW/0256).
Published: 2021

17. Prediction of Upper Respiratory Illness Using Salivary Immunoglobulin A in Youth Athletes

Author: Sean Scantlebury, Thomas Sawczuk, Clive B. Beggs, Kevin Till, Ben Jones, and Mitchell Welch
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Saliva, Secretion rate, Adolescent, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Respiratory Tract Infections, Salivary immunoglobulin A, Respiratory illness, biology, Athletes, business.industry, Area under the curve, 030229 sport sciences, biology.organism_classification, Immunoglobulin A, Simulated data, Immunoglobulin A, Secretory, business, Secretory Rate, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the relative importance and predictive ability of salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) measures with regards to upper respiratory illness (URI) in youth athletes. Methods: Over a 38-week period, 22 youth athletes (age = 16.8 [0.5] y) provided daily symptoms of URI and 15 fortnightly passive drool saliva samples, from which s-IgA concentration and secretion rate were measured. Kernel-smoothed bootstrapping generated a balanced data set with simulated data points. The random forest algorithm was used to evaluate the relative importance (RI) and predictive ability of s-IgA concentration and secretion rate with regards to URI symptoms present on the day of saliva sampling (URIday), within 2 weeks of sampling (URI2wk), and within 4 weeks of sampling (URI4wk). Results: The percentage deviation from average healthy s-IgA concentration was the most important feature for URIday (median RI 1.74, interquartile range 1.41–2.07). The average healthy s-IgA secretion rate was the most important feature for URI4wk (median RI 0.94, interquartile range 0.79–1.13). No feature was clearly more important than any other when URI symptoms were identified within 2 weeks of sampling. The values for median area under the curve were 0.68, 0.63, and 0.65 for URIday, URI2wk, and URI4wk, respectively. Conclusions: The RI values suggest that the percentage deviation from average healthy s-IgA concentration may be used to evaluate the short-term risk of URI, while the average healthy s-IgA secretion rate may be used to evaluate the long-term risk. However, the results show that neither s-IgA concentration nor secretion rate can be used to accurately predict URI onset within a 4-week window in youth athletes.
Published: 2021

18. Team Sport Risk Exposure Framework-2 (TS-REF-2) to identify sports activities and contacts at increased SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Clive B. Beggs, Ben Jones, Jenifer Smith, Simon Kemp, Clint Readhead, James D. F. Calder, Keith Stokes, Neil Pearce, Matthew Cross, and Gemma Phillips
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Team sport, Sports medicine, Sports science, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 03 medical and health sciences, Face-to-face, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Pandemic, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pandemics, Government, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Public health, COVID-19, Team Sports, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Club, business, human activities, Sports
Abstract: The Team Sports Risk Exposure Framework (TS-REF) was developed in July 2020 by experts in sports medicine, virology, sports science and public health to facilitate the safe return of sport during the COVID-19 pandemic.1 The TS-REF was developed at the time when the outdoor transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 during sport was unknown. The TS-REF has been adopted by Public Health England and the UK Government (Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport), for use within both elite and community sports,2 to both determine the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during specific sporting activities (eg, rugby tackle),1 and to identify and isolate increased risk contacts during sport.3 The TS-REF classified increased risk contacts as player-to-player interactions ‘ within 1 m, directly face to face, for 3 or more seconds’.1 Increased risk contacts as defined in the TS-REF were studied in rugby league, following interactions with eight infectious players across four matches.3 Increased risk contacts were monitored for 14-days during their isolation period and serially tested for SARS-CoV-2. Of the 28 identified increased risk contacts from the matches, only one player subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, which was linked to an internal club outbreak and believed unrelated to training activities. Another study in professional soccer observed similar findings,4 collectively suggesting the risk of outdoor transmission during sports appears lower than first thought.3 4 Consequently, the TS-REF may require players to unnecessarily isolate who are not at an increased risk of infection. Our aim was to update the TS-REF based on our evolving understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during sports. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by both exhaled large ‘ballistic’ respiratory (>100 …
Published: 2021

19. The Effects of Exercise on Indirect Markers of Gut Damage and Permeability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author: Glen Davison, Alex Griffiths, Kevin Deighton, Jamie Matu, Sarah Chantler, and Ben Jones
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Sports medicine, business.industry, Urinary system, Human gastrointestinal tract, Physiology, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 030229 sport sciences, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cochrane Library, medicine.disease, Excretion, RC1200, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Meta-analysis, RC1235, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Systematic Review, business, Exercise duration, Cell damage, GV558
Abstract: Aim Exercise appears to cause damage to the endothelial lining of the human gastrointestinal tract and elicit a significant increase in gut permeability. Objective The aim of this review was to determine the effect of an acute bout of exercise on gut damage and permeability outcomes in healthy populations using a meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, The Cochrane Library as well as MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINHAL, via EBSCOhost were searched through February 2019. Studies were selected that evaluated urinary (ratio of disaccharide/monosaccharide excretion) or plasma markers [intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (i-FABP)] of gut permeability and gut cell damage in response to a single bout of exercise. Results A total of 34 studies were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed, and showed a large and moderate effect size for markers of gut damage (i-FABP) (ES 0.81; 95% CI 0.63–0.98; n = 26; p n = 17; p 23 °C) further increased markers of gut damage compared with thermoneutral conditions [ES 1.06 (95% CI 0.88–1.23) vs. 0.66 (95% CI 0.43–0.89); p Conclusions These findings demonstrate that a single bout of exercise increases gut damage and gut permeability in healthy participants, with gut damage being exacerbated in hot environments. Further investigation into nutritional strategies to minimise gut damage and permeability after exercise is required. PROSPERO database number (CRD42018086339).
Published: 2020

20. Changing player behaviour in sport during the COVID-19 pandemic: Shake on it?

Author: Jim McKenna, Gemma Phillips, Susan H. Backhouse, and Ben Jones
Subjects: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Social distance, Appeal, Behavioural sciences, 030229 sport sciences, Shake, Commit, League, Public relations, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pandemic, rugby, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Psychology, virus illness
Abstract: To prevent the spread of infection during matches and training activities is a major challenge facing all sports returning from the enforced COVID-19 shutdown. During training and matches, rugby league players make contact with others which can result in SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission. While these interactions characterise the appeal of the game, a number of them can be avoided, including shaking hands and conversing after the match. This paper presents a framework underpinned by behavioural science (capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour model, COM-B) to support stakeholders in helping players adopt new social distance norms and behaviours. This framework helps to ensure the players have the capability, opportunity, and motivation to adopt new COVID-19 risk minimising behaviours, which they will need to commit to 100%.
Published: 2020

21. Profiling the Post-match Recovery Response in Male Rugby: A Systematic Review

Author: Ben Jones, Samuel P. Hills, Hendrickus G.J. Aben, Carlton Cooke, Mark Russell, and Danielle Davis
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hydrocortisone, biology, business.industry, Peak power output, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, General Medicine, Flight time, Literature searching, Mood disturbances, Athletes, biology.protein, Countermovement jump, Physical therapy, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Creatine kinase, Rugby, business, Creatine Kinase
Abstract: Aben, HGJ, Hills, SP, Cooke, CB, Davis, D, Jones, B, and Russell, M. Profiling the post-match recovery response in male rugby: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-To minimize underperformance, injury, and illness, and to enhance readiness for training and match-play, post-match responses are commonly monitored within professional rugby. As no clear consensus exists regarding the magnitude and duration of post-match recovery, this review summarized the literature (17 studies yielded from literature searching/screening) reporting neuromuscular (countermovement jump [CMJ], peak power output [PP], and flight time [FT]), biochemical (creatine kinase [CK]) or endocrine (cortisol [C] and testosterone [T] concentrations), and subjective (wellness questionnaire and muscle soreness) indices after rugby match-play. For neuromuscular responses (11 studies), reductions in PP
Published: 2020

22. 'It’s Important, but It’s Not Everything': Practitioners’ Use, Analysis and Perceptions of Fitness Testing in Academy Rugby League

Author: Ben Jones, Dave Rotheram, Sam McCormack, Kevin Till, and Sean Scantlebury
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Applied psychology, strength and conditioning, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, League, Coaching, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:GV557-1198.995, 0302 clinical medicine, coaching, Multidisciplinary approach, Perception, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, athletic development, media_common, lcsh:Sports, business.industry, Fitness Testing, 030229 sport sciences, rugby league, Talent development, Work (electrical), fitness testing, business, Psychology, Theme (narrative)
Abstract: A plethora of research exists examining the physical qualities of rugby league players. However, no research has investigated practitioners&rsquo, insights into the use, analysis and perceptions of such fitness testing data that is vital for applying research into practice. Therefore, this study aimed to examine practitioners&rsquo, (coaches and strength &amp, conditioning [S&amp, C] coaches) perceptions and challenges of using fitness testing and the development of physical qualities. Twenty-four rugby league practitioners were purposefully sampled and completed a semi-structured interview. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed identifying five themes (it&rsquo, s important, but it&rsquo, s not everything, monitoring, evaluation and decision making, motivation, and other external challenges). The theme of &ldquo, it&rsquo, s not everything&rdquo, emerged as a fundamental issue with regard fitness testing and the use of such data and that physical data alone does not inform coaches decisions. There appears conflicts between coaches and S&amp, C coaches&rsquo, perceptions and use of fitness data, identifying complexities of supporting players in multidisciplinary teams. Collectively, the findings highlight the multifaceted nature of academy rugby league and suggest that practitioners should utilise fitness testing to inform player evaluations, positively influence training and assist with decision making. Moreover, practitioners should understand the combination of factors that influence fitness testing and work collaboratively to enhance talent development strategies.
Published: 2020

23. Coopetition: cooperation among competitors to enhance applied research and drive innovation in elite sport

Author: Sam Bradley, Julien Piscione, Kevin Till, Ben Jones, Cédric Leduc, Mark Bennet, Carlos Ramirez-Lopez, Pierosario Giuliano, and Andy Boyd
Subjects: Knowledge management, Evidence-based practice, business.industry, Ecological validity, Sports science, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Coopetition, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Competitor analysis, Competition (economics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Applied research, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Game theory
Abstract: The essence of competition is often understood as a situation of mutually exclusive goal attainment, where one side succeeds only if another does not. However, and as studied by the game theory, this standard view may be too narrow and simplistic when trying to understand complex interactions.1 Researchers in business and management have expanded on this and explored cases of simultaneous cooperation and competition (ie, coopetition) as the most complex but advantageous relationship among competitors and as an effective strategy to drive innovation.2 Scientific innovation can be crucial for maximising athletes’ health and performance, which has resulted in a growing interest in sports science and medicine (SSM). Innovation through research helps develop training models, medical treatments and recovery methods3 but the practical relevance of some fundamental studies is often hindered by their poor ecological validity. Tightly controlled conditions can create an artificial sample of athletes and circumstances which are not truly representative of daily practice, allowing for the gap between research and practice to persist. Applied research aims to bridge that gap by developing ecologically valid evidence and can be further enhanced by embedding ‘off-field’ …
Published: 2020

24. The Reliability of Neuromuscular and Perceptual Measures Used to Profile Recovery, and the Time-Course of such Responses following Academy Rugby League Match-Play

Author: Hendrickus G.J. Aben, Samuel P. Hills, Carlton Cooke, Danielle Davis, Mark Russell, Darren Higgins, and Ben Jones
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Team sport, Intraclass correlation, Coefficient of variation, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Isometric exercise, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, wellness, Article, isometric mid-thigh pull, lcsh:GV557-1198.995, 03 medical and health sciences, recovery, 0302 clinical medicine, muscle damage, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Reliability (statistics), lcsh:Sports, countermovement jump, business.industry, 030229 sport sciences, athlete monitoring, Match play, Time course, Physical therapy, fatigue, team sport, Monitoring tool, business
Abstract: In professional academy rugby league (RL) players, this two-part study examined, A) the within- and between-day reliability of isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP), countermovement jumps (CMJ), and a wellness questionnaire (n = 11), and B) profiled the responses with acceptable reliability (no between-trial differences and between-day coefficient of variation (CV) &le, 10% and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) &ge, 0.8) for 120 h (baseline: -3, +24, +48, +72, +96, +120 h) following RL match-play (n = 10). In part A, force at 200, and 250 ms, and peak force (PF) demonstrated acceptable within- (CV%: 3.67-8.41%, ICC: 0.89-0.93) and between-day (CV%: 4.34&ndash, 8.62%, ICC: 0.87&ndash, 0.92) reliability for IMTP. Most CMJ variables demonstrated acceptable within-day reliability (CV%: 3.03&ndash, 7.34%, ICC: 0.82&ndash, 0.98), but only six (i.e., flight-time, PF, peak power (PP), relative PP, velocity at take-off (VTO), jump-height (JH)) showed acceptable between-day reliability (CV%: 2.56-6.79%, ICC: 0.83&ndash, 0.91). Only total wellness demonstrated acceptable between-day reliability (CV%: 7.05%, ICC: 0.90) from the questionnaire. In part B, reductions of 4.75% and 9.23% (vs. baseline, 2.54 m∙s-1, 0.33 m) occurred at +24 h for CMJ VTO, and JH, respectively. Acceptable reliability was observed in some, but not all, variables and the magnitude and time-course of post-match responses were test and variable specific. Practitioners should therefore be mindful of the influence that the choice of recovery monitoring tool may have upon the practical interpretation of the data.
Published: 2020

25. An Evaluation of Service Provision and Novel Strength Assessment on Patient Outcomes in a UK-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Setting

Author: Izzie Easton, Hannah Bannister, Rebecca Stuart, Leanne Andrews, Jawadh Iqbal, Ruth Barlow, Ben Jones, and Mike Rogerson
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Strength training, Service provision, medicine.medical_treatment, Minimal Clinically Important Difference, Walk Test, Anxiety, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Incremental Shuttle Walk Test, Severity of Illness Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, Patient Education as Topic, One-repetition maximum, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, Humans, Pulmonary rehabilitation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, COPD, business.industry, Depression, Social Support, Resistance Training, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Exercise Therapy, Treatment Outcome, 030228 respiratory system, Physical therapy, Quality of Life, Female, business, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract: This study's purpose was to (i) assess the impact of a 7-week pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme upon patient outcomes; incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), COPD assessment tool (CAT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); (ii) assess the impact of COPD severity on ISWT, psychological functioning and quality of life measures following PR; (iii) assess the feasibility of incorporating individually prescribed one repetition maximum (1RM) training loads into the existing strength training programme. Patients were people with COPD enrolled onto one of three versions (locations A, B and C) of a 7-week PR programme, which consisted of group exercise sessions and a social plus education element. Two locations incorporated individually prescribed training loads. Minimal clinically important changes (MCICs) are reported for the ISWT across all locations. Statistically significant changes in both CAT and the CCQ were found, with MCIC's evident for CAT score overall and individually at location B. MCIC's were not found for the CCQ. No statistically significant or MCICs were evident for the HADS. MCIC's were present only in patients with mild to moderate severity for the ISWT. For the CAT, moderate, severe and very severe patients with COPD experienced MCIC's. MCIC's and statistically significant increases in 1RM strength were seen at both locations. These findings evidence an effective PR service. Basic strength exercise programming and assessment are feasible and should be implemented in PR services to maximise patient outcomes.
Published: 2020

26. Training Practices of Academy Rugby League and their alignment to Physical Qualities deemed important for Current and Future Performance

Author: Kevin Till, Sam McCormack, and Ben Jones
Subjects: business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Applied psychology, Physical fitness, 030229 sport sciences, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, League, Training (civil), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Perception, business, Psychology, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), media_common
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate rugby league coaches’ perceptions of physical qualities for current and future performance, while also establishing the training practices of under-16 and under-19 players. Twenty-four practitioners (rugby coach, strength and conditioning coach) working within nine Super League clubs completed a questionnaire. The questionnaire required practitioners to rank eleven physical qualities (i.e. strength, power, acceleration, maximum speed, aerobic endurance, change of direction, agility, height, body mass, lean mass and fat mass) by importance for current performance, future performance and career longevity according to playing position (forwards, backs, hookers and halves). Practitioners were asked to provide detail on the frequency and duration of each type of training session completed during a typical week throughout each phase of the season; pre-season, in-season (early), in-season (mid) and in-season (late). Typically, practitioners ranked strength, power and acceleration qualities highest, and endurance and anthropometric qualities lowest. The importance of physical qualities varied according to each playing level and position. Training practices of under-16 and under-19 players differed during each phase of the season, with under-19 players undertaking greater training volumes than under-16s players. Overall, the physical qualities coaches perceived as most important were not reflected within their training practices. Rugby league practitioners can use this information as a reference source to design long term athletic development plans, prescribe training and during player development procedures. Moreover, these data can inform and improve training practices while influencing the design of pre-season preparatory phases and in-season periods.
Published: 2020

27. A coaching session framework to facilitate long-term athletic development

Author: Tom Mitchell, JC Tee, Joe Eisenmann, Neil Holmes, Ian Cowburn, Stacey Emmonds, Ben Jones, Kevin Till, and Rhodri S. Lloyd
Subjects: business.industry, Applied psychology, Physical activity, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, 030229 sport sciences, Coaching, Physical education, Term (time), Talent development, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Session (computer science), business, Psychology
Abstract: The implementation of long-term athletic development (LTAD) aims to improve health, physical activity and performance of all youth. Contemporary LTAD models suggest that a broad range of physical and psycho-social competencies should be developed in youth, but few resources are available for coaches that describe ‘how’ to achieve these outcomes. This paper overviews a coaching session framework called RAMPAGE (Raise, Activate, Mobilise, Prepare, Activity, Games, Evaluate). The framework provides practitioners with information on what can be planned and delivered and when within a coaching session, across multiple ages and stages of development within multiple contexts (e.g., physical education, talent development).
Published: 2020

28. The effect of downhill running conditions on muscle damage in recreationally active adults

Author: Ben Jones, Ajmol Ali, Sue Innes, and Robert Southall-Edwards
Subjects: Downhill running, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Physiology, Work (physics), Muscle soreness, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Isometric exercise, Muscle damage, Intensity (physics), Incremental exercise, Duration, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Educación Física y Deportiva, Gradient, Treadmill, Force loss, business, Exercise
Abstract: Background: Downhill running (DR) has been used extensively to investigate recovery from muscle-damaging exercise. There is no consensus on the optimal conditions (duration, severity, intensity) for a DR protocol. The purpose of this research was to determine the most effective DR conditions to induce muscle damage. Methods: The research was comprised a 3x3 within-between participant design. Recreationally active males’ (n = 12) muscle damage was assessed using gold standard indirect markers (force loss and muscle soreness) at baseline, 24 and 48h post one of three DR conditions (a. 45min at -10% gradient b. 45min at -12% c. 30min at -15%). DR was completed on a motorised treadmill at 70% velocity of VO 2 peak achieved during an incremental exercise test to exhaustion. Results: Isometric force (p = .005, η p 2 = 0.45) and muscle soreness (p = .002, η p 2 = 0.49) were impaired 24h post-exercise; no difference (p > .05) was evident between conditions. At 48h the impairments in force loss and muscle soreness were no longer evident (p > .05) across all conditions. There was no difference (p = .82) in HR between the DR conditions. Findings: Independent of duration and gradient all conditions resulted in a similar response in force loss and muscle soreness, indicating muscle damage had occurred. Interestingly, the 30-min protocol produced the same response in less time, without requiring individuals to work at a greater intensity. Therefore, the 30-min condition is suggested as the most appropriate protocol for use in the scientific investigation of muscle damage from DR.
Published: 2020

29. Incidence and characteristics of injury in under-19 academy level rugby league match play: A single season prospective cohort study

Author: Kevin Till, Ben Jones, and JC Tee
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Team sport, Football, Poison control, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, League, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Concussion, Injury prevention, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Brain Concussion, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), 030229 sport sciences, medicine.disease, England, Athletic Injuries, Sprains and Strains, Physical therapy, business
Abstract: Academy rugby league competition is an important step along the pathway to professional status, but little is known about injury at this level of the game. The aim of this research was to establish the nature, incidence and burden of injury in English academy rugby league. Using an observational prospective cohort study design, and a time-loss injury definition, the injury outcomes of three professional rugby league academies were recorded during the 2017 season. A total of 87 injuries occurred in 59 matches for an overall injury incidence of 85 (95%CI 67-103) injuries per 1000 hours played. The mean severity of injury was 22 ± 19 days resulting in an overall injury burden of 1898 (95%CI 1813-1983) days lost per 1000 hours. The tackle event was the most common cause of injury (77% of all injuries). Forwards sustained a greater proportion of injuries than backs (forwards 67% vs. backs 33% of injuries). Concussion (13 (6-20) per 1000 hours) and ankle sprains (11 (4-17) per 1000 hours) were the most commonly diagnosed injuries. The shoulder joint was the most commonly injured site (17 (9-25) per 1000 hours). The incidence of injury for academy rugby league is similar to senior professional rugby league.
Published: 2018

30. The efficacy of an iterative 'sequence of prevention' approach to injury prevention by a multidisciplinary team in professional rugby union

Author: Robert Matthew Collins, David Van Wyk, Sheree Bekker, Ivan Van Rooyen, Ben Jones, Jannie F.G. Klingbiel, Kevin Till, and JC Tee
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Sports medicine, education, Football, Psychological intervention, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Prevention approach, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Multidisciplinary approach, Physicians, Intervention (counseling), Injury prevention, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Patient Care Team, business.industry, Mentors, Multidisciplinary Approach, Complexity, 030229 sport sciences, Physical Therapists, Athletic Injuries, Observational study, Rugby, Injury Prevention, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Due to the complex systems nature of injuries, the responsibility for injury risk management cannot lie solely within a single domain of professional practice. Interdisciplinary collaboration between technical/tactical coaches, strength and conditioning coaches, team doctors, physical therapists and sport scientists is likely to have a meaningful impact on injury risk. This study describes the application and efficacy of a multidisciplinary approach to reducing team injury risk in professional rugby union.DESIGN: Observational longitudinal cohort study.METHODS: Epidemiological injury data was collected from a professional rugby union team for 5 consecutive seasons. Following each season, these data informed multidisciplinary intervention strategies to reduce injury risk. The effectiveness of these strategies was iteratively assessed to inform future interventions. Specific examples of intervention strategies are provided.RESULTS: Overall team injury burden displayed a likely beneficial decrease (-8%; injury rate ratio (IRR) 0.9, 95%CI 0.9-1.0) from 2012 to 2016. This was achieved through a most likely beneficial improvement in non-contact injury burden (-39%; IRR 0.6, 95%CI 0.6-0.7). Contact injury burden was increased, but to a lesser extent (+18%; IRR 1.2, 95%CI 1.1-1.3, most likely harmful) during the same period.CONCLUSIONS: The range of skills required to effectively manage complex injury phenomena in professional collision sport crosses disciplinary boundaries. The evidence presented here points to the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach to reducing injury risk. This model will likely be applicable across a range of team and individual sports.
Published: 2018

31. Application of velocity loss thresholds during free-weight resistance training: Responses and reproducibility of perceptual, metabolic, and neuromuscular outcomes

Author: Nicholas Dalton-Barron, Amador García-Ramos, Carlos Ramirez-Lopez, Bryan Mann, Shaun J. McLaren, Harry G. Banyard, Dan Weaving, Jonathon Weakley, and Ben Jones
Subjects: Rating of perceived exertion, medicine.medical_specialty, Reproducibility, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Resistance training, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 030229 sport sciences, Reliability, Countermovement Jump, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Velocity-based training, Perception, medicine, Countermovement jump, Lactate, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, business, Reliability (statistics), media_common
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences and long-term reliability in perceptual, metabolic, and neuromuscular responses to velocity loss resistance training protocols. Using a repeated, counterbalanced, crossover design, twelve team-sport athletes completed 5-sets of barbell back-squats at a load corresponding to a mean concentric velocity of ~0.70 m·s-1. On different days, repetitions were performed until a 10%, 20% or 30% velocity loss was attained, with outcome measures collected after each set. Sessions were repeated after four-weeks. There were substantial between-protocol differences in post-set differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE, i.e., breathlessness and leg muscles, AU) and blood lactate concentration (B[La], mmol·L-1), such that 30%>20%>10% by small to large magnitudes. Differences in post-set countermovement jump (CMJ) variables were small for most variables, such that 30%
Published: 2019

32. Effects of Chronic Supplementation with Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice on Cardiovascular Responses in Healthy Adults

Author: Rachel Page, Ben Jones, Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick, Marie Wong, Luke Stanaway, and Ajmol Ali
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, chemistry, business.industry, organic chemicals, Cardiovascular health, food and beverages, Medicine, Food science, Beetroot Juice, business
Abstract: Acute and short-term supplementation with nitrate-rich (NO3−) beetroot juice has been shownto improve cardiovascular health and function in healthy adults [...]
Published: 2019

33. Can a contemporary dietary assessment tool or wearable technology accurately assess the energy intake of professional young rugby league players? A doubly labelled water validation study

Author: Kevin Deighton, Tom Preston, Nessan Costello, N Dalton-Barron, Sarah Whitehead, and Ben Jones
Subjects: Male, Validation study, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Dietary assessment, Sports Nutritional Sciences, Football, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Body Mass Index, Wearable Electronic Devices, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bias, Body Water, Photography, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Deuterium Oxide, Total energy, Young male, Wearable technology, Metabolic power, Text Messaging, biology, Athletes, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Water, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Diet Records, Food, Isotope Labeling, Body Composition, Energy density, Physical therapy, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, business
Abstract: Accurate quantification of energy intake is imperative in athletes; however traditional dietary assessment tools are frequently inaccurate. Therefore, this study investigated the validity of a contemporary dietary assessment tool or wearable technology to determine the total energy intake (TEI) of professional young athletes. The TEI of eight professional young male rugby league players was determined by three methods; Snap-N-Send, SenseWear Armbands (SWA) combined with metabolic power and doubly labelled water (DLW; intake-balance method; criterion) across a combined ten-day pre-season and seven-day in-season period. Changes in fasted body mass were recorded, alongside changes in body composition via isotopic dilution and a validated energy density equation. Energy intake was calculated via the intake-balance method. Snap-N-Send non-significantly over-reported pre-season and in-season energy intake by 0.21 (2.37) MJ.day-1 (p = 0.833) and 0.51 (1.73) MJ.day-1 (p = 0.464), respectively. This represented a trivial and small standardised mean bias, and very large and large typical error. SenseWear Armbands and metabolic power significantly under-reported pre-season and in-season TEI by 3.51 (2.42) MJ.day-1 (p = 0.017) and 2.18 (1.85) MJ.day-1 (p = 0.021), respectively. This represents a large and moderate standardised mean bias, and very large and very large typical error. There was a most likely larger daily error reported by SWA and metabolic power than Snap-N-Send across pre-season (3.30 (2.45) MJ.day-1; ES = 1.26 ± 0.68; p = 0.014) and in-season periods (1.67 (2.00) MJ.day-1; ES = 1.27 ± 0.70; p = 0.012). This study demonstrates the enhanced validity of Snap-N-Send for assessing athlete TEI over combined wearable technology, although caution is required when determining the individual TEIs of athletes via Snap-N-Send.
Published: 2019

34. ‘Working with the media taught us a lot’: Understanding The Guardian’s Katine initiative

Author: Ben Jones
Subjects: Civil society, business.industry, Communication, 05 social sciences, Media studies, 050801 communication & media studies, 0506 political science, Newspaper, 0508 media and communications, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Political science, Guardian, 050602 political science & public administration, The Internet, Journalism, business
Abstract: One of the more important ventures in the world of media and development over the past decade has been The Guardian newspaper’s ‘Katine’ project in Uganda. The newspaper, with funding from its readers and Barclays Bank, put more than 2.5 million pounds into a Ugandan sub-county over the course of 4 years. The project was profiled on a dedicated Guardian microsite, with regular updates in the printed edition of the newspaper. In this article, I look at the relationship that developed between journalists and the non-governmental organisation and show that the experience was both disorienting and reorienting for the development project that was being implemented. The scrutiny of the project that appeared on the microsite disoriented the non-governmental organisation, making its work the subject of public criticism. The particular issues explored by journalists also reoriented what the non-governmental organisation did on the ground. I also point to the ways the relationship grew more settled as the project moved along, suggesting the amount of work that sometimes goes into what is often characterised as the relatively uncritical relationship between journalists and non-governmental organisations.
Published: 2018

35. Game-play characteristics differ between the European Super League and the National Rugby League: Implications for coaching and talent recruitment

Author: Anthony S. Leicht, Carl T. Woods, Kevin Till, and Ben Jones
Subjects: Multivariate statistics, business.industry, Applied psychology, Univariate, 030229 sport sciences, League, Coaching, Competition (economics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ordination, Multidimensional scaling, Performance indicator, Psychology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Objectives To compare the game-play characteristics between the European Super League and the National Rugby League competitions. Methods Eleven team performance indicators were extracted from each match played by every European Super League and National Rugby League team over their respective 2016 season. Data were averaged, classified according to competition (two levels: European Super League and National Rugby League) and modelled using univariate and multivariate techniques. Specifically, effect size statistics enabled between group comparisons, while non-metric multidimensional scaling enabled multivariate insights into competition dissimilarity. Results Seven of the 11 performance indicators showed ‘large’ to ‘very large’ effects. Notably, National Rugby League game-play generated fewer ‘line breaks’, ‘errors’, ‘tackles’ and ‘dummy half runs’ relative to European Super League game-play ( d > 1.2). Despite the National Rugby League generating fewer ‘all runs’ ( d = 1.27 [0.57–1.95]), game-play in this competition generated greater ‘all run distances’ relative to the European Super League ( d = 1.78 [1.02–2.51]). Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed clear multivariate competition dissimilarity, with European Super League and National Rugby League teams orienting distinctive positions on the ordination surface. Further, there was a greater spread in the relative positioning of National Rugby League teams compared to European Super League teams, indicating greater team dissimilarity within the National Rugby League. Conclusions Our observations may be explained by differing competition rule interpretations, in addition to differing game strategies and player skill capabilities. Both coaches and talent recruitment managers associated with these competitions may consider our data to assist with the identification and recruitment of suitable players from these respective competitions.
Published: 2018

36. Abstracts From the December 2017 International Sports and Exercise Nutrition Conference in Newscastle upon Tyne

Author: Lauren Duckworth, Ben Jones, and Smith
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Medicine (miscellaneous), General Medicine, Energy requirement, Physical activity level, Energy expenditure, Total energy expenditure, Age groups, Match play, Basal metabolic rate, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, business, Demography, Training period
Abstract: Total energy expenditure (TEE) has been quantified in elite senior rugby league (RL) and rugby union (RU) players using multiple measures, with criterion measures lacking in RU and academy players. Robust measures of TEE are required as prediction equations used to estimate energy requirements are often unsuitable for athletes. This study quantified TEE of 27 elite male English academy (U16 and U20) and senior (U24) RL and RU players during a 14-day in-season period using doubly labelled water (DLW). Resting metabolic rate (RMR), using indirect calorimetry, and physical activity level (PAL) was also measured (TEE:RMR). Predicted TEE, determined by published equations, was compared to measured TEE by age group. Differences in TEE (RL, 4369 ± 979; RU, 4365 ± 1122; U16, 4010 ± 744; U20, 4414 ± 688; U24, 4761 ± 1523 Kcal.day-1) and PAL (overall mean 2.0 ± 0.4) were unclear. RMR was very likely greater for RL (2366 ± 296 Kcal.day-1) than RU players (2123 ± 269 Kcal.day-1). Relative RMR for U16, U20 and U24 (27 ± 4, 23 ± 3 and 26 ± 5 Kcal.Kg-1.day-1) was very likely greater for U20 than U24 players. Differences in TEE estimated by the Schofield, Cunningham and Harris-Benedict equations compared with DLW were unclear, likely and unclear for U16 (187 ± 614; -489 ± 564 and -90 ± 579 Kcal.day-1), likely, very likely and likely for U20 (-449 ± 698; -785 ± 650 and -452 ± 684 Kcal.day-1) and all unclear for U24 players (-428 ± 1292; -605 ± 1493 and -461 ± 1314 Kcal.day-1). Due to large variability between individuals, negligible differences in TEE were observed by code, and ~350-400 Kcal.day-1 differences between consecutive age groups were unclear. Differences in RMR may be due to training exposure and match play. The remaining components of TEE (i.e. thermic effect of feeding and activity thermogenesis) may reflect the differences in contact demands between codes, as RU players typically engage in more static exertions than RL players during match play. Prediction equations are currently insufficient to differentiate between individual variability in TEE. The importance of practitioners providing individual support for the elite rugby player is highlighted. Finally, the TEE measured in this study using the gold standard DLW method can be used as reference data for elite rugby players of different codes and ages, during an in-season training period.
Published: 2018

37. Bigger, stronger, faster, fitter: the differences in physical qualities of school and academy rugby union players

Author: Dale B. Read, Padraic J. Phibbs, Ben Jones, Sharief Hendricks, Joshua David Darrall-Jones, Dan Weaving, Kevin Till, Jonathon Weakley, JC Tee, and Gregory Roe
Subjects: Male, Competitive Behavior, Adolescent, Body height, Sports science, media_common.quotation_subject, Physical fitness, Football, Aptitude, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Body size, Bench press, talent identification, Body Mass Index, Running, 03 medical and health sciences, coaching, 0302 clinical medicine, talent development, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle Strength, 030212 general & internal medicine, youth sport, media_common, Schools, sport science, business.industry, Body Weight, 030229 sport sciences, Body Height, Test (assessment), England, Physical Fitness, Exercise Test, business, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract: © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Limited research has compared the physical qualities of adolescent rugby union (RU) players across differing playing standards. This study therefore compared the physical qualities of academy and school Under-18 RU players. One-hundred and eighty-four (professional regional academy, n = 55 school, n = 129) male RU players underwent a physical testing battery to quantify height, body mass, strength (bench press and pull-up), speed (10, 20 and 40 m), 10 m momentum (calculated; 10 m velocity * body mass) and a proxy measure of aerobic fitness (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1; IRTL1). The practical significance of differences between playing levels were assessed using magnitude-based inferences. Academy players were taller (very likely small), heavier (likely moderate) and stronger (bench press possibly large; pull-up plus body mass likely small) than school players. Academy players were faster than school players over 20 and 40 m (possibly and likely small), although differences in 10 m speed were not apparent (possibly trivial). Academy players displayed greater 10 m momentum (likely moderate) and greater IRTL1 performance (likely small) than school players. These findings suggest that body size, strength, running momentum, 40 m speed and aerobic fitness contribute to a higher playing standard in adolescent rugby union.
Published: 2018

38. Epistaxis 2016: national audit of management

Author: Cillian Forde, Andrew Lau, Jade Chynoweth, Fiona McClenaghan, John Hardman, Omar Mirza, Babatunde Oremule, Kelvin Davies, Alex Ashman, Matthew E Smith, Sheneen Meghji, Gordon McKenzie, Hannah Rosie Lancer, Kara Stevens, Robert Mcleod, and Ben Jones
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Audit, Symptom assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, Humans, Medicine, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, National audit, Medical Audit, Evidence-Based Medicine, business.industry, Mortality rate, General Medicine, United Kingdom, Survival Rate, Epistaxis, Treatment Outcome, Otorhinolaryngology, Current practice, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Emergency medicine, business, Event analysis, Healthcare system
Abstract: Background:Epistaxis is a common condition that can be associated with significant morbidity, and it places a considerable burden on our healthcare system. This national audit of management sought to assess current practice against newly created consensus recommendations and to expand our current evidence base.Methods:The management of epistaxis patients who met the inclusion criteria, at 113 registered sites across the UK, was compared with audit standards during a 30-day window. Data were further utilised for explorative analysis.Results:Data for 1826 cases were uploaded to the database, representing 94 per cent of all cases that met the inclusion criteria at participating sites. Sixty-two per cent of patients were successfully treated by ENT clinicians within 24 hours. The 30-day recurrent presentation rate across the dataset was 13.9 per cent. Significant event analysis revealed an all-cause 30-day mortality rate of 3.4 per cent.Conclusion:Audit findings demonstrate a varying alignment with consensus guidance, with explorative analysis countering some previously well-established tenets of management.
Published: 2017

39. Validity of Real-Time Data Generated by a Wearable Microtechnology Device

Author: Dan Weaving, Ben Jones, Sarah Whitehead, and Kevin Till
Subjects: Adult, Male, Computer science, Football, Mechanical engineering, Wearable computer, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Accelerometer, Session (web analytics), Running, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Software, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Real-time data, Simulation, Measure (data warehouse), business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, Geographic Information Systems, symbols, Global Positioning System, business
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of global positioning system (GPS) and micro-electrical-mechanical-system (MEMS) data generated in real time through a dedicated receiver. Postsession data acted as the criterion as it is used to plan the volume and intensity of future training and is downloaded directly from the device. Twenty-five professional rugby league players completed 2 training sessions wearing an MEMS device (Catapult S5, firmware version: 5.27). During sessions, real-time data were collected through the manufacturer receiver and dedicated software (Openfield v1.14), which was positioned outdoors at the same location for every session. The GPS variables included total-, low- (0-3 m·s), moderate- (3.1-5 m·s), high- (5.1-7 m·s), and very high-speed (7.1 m·s) distances. Micro-electrical-mechanical-system data included total session PlayerLoad. When compared to postsession data, mean bias for total-, low-, moderate-, high-, and very high-speed distances were all trivial, with the typical error of the estimate (TEE) small, small, trivial, trivial and small, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients for total-, low-, moderate-, high- and very-high-speed distances were nearly perfect, nearly perfect, perfect, perfect, and nearly perfect, respectively. For PlayerLoad, mean bias was trivial, whereas TEE was moderate and correlation nearly perfect. Practitioners should be confident that when interpreting real-time speed-derived metrics, the data generated in real-time are comparable with those downloaded directly from the device postsession. However, practitioners should refrain from interpreting accelerometer-derived data (i.e., PlayerLoad) or acknowledge the moderate error associated with this real-time measure.
Published: 2017

40. Between-Day Reliability and Usefulness of a Fitness Testing Battery in Youth Sport Athletes: Reference Data for Practitioners

Author: Sean Scantlebury, Keith Stokes, Dale B. Read, Thomas Sawczuk, Joshua David Darrall-Jones, Jonathon Weakley, Kevin Till, Nessan Costello, and Ben Jones
Subjects: Battery (electricity), medicine.medical_specialty, Reference data (financial markets), Physical fitness, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Isometric exercise, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, power, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, usefulness, reliability, biology, Athletes, business.industry, speed, 030229 sport sciences, biology.organism_classification, Test (assessment), Sprint, fitness testing, Jump, Physical therapy, strength, Psychology, business
Abstract: © 2017 Thomas Sawczuk, Ben Jones, Sean Scantlebury, Jonathan Weakley, Dale Read, Nessan Costello, Joshua David Darrall-Jones, Keith Stokes, and Kevin Till This study aimed to evaluate the between-day reliability and usefulness of a fitness testing battery in a group of youth sport athletes. Fifty-nine youth sport athletes (age = 17.3 ± 0.7 years) undertook a fitness testing battery including the isometric mid-thigh pull, counter-movement jump, 5–40 m sprint splits, and the 5–0-5 change of direction test on two occasions separated by 7 days. Usefulness was assessed by comparing the reliability (typical error) to the smallest worthwhile change. The typical error was 5.5% for isometric mid-thigh pull and 3.8% for counter-movement jump. The typical error values were 2.7, 2.5, 2.2, 2.2, and 1.8% for the 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 m sprint splits, and 4.1% (left) and 5.4% (right) for the 5–0-5 tests. The smallest worthwhile change ranged from 1.1 to 6.1%. All tests were identified as having “good” or “acceptable” reliability. The isometric mid-thigh pull and counter-movement jump had “good” usefulness, all other tests had “marginal” usefulness.
Published: 2017

41. The replacement of assertive outreach services by reinforcing local community teams: a replication study reporting comparative outcomes and patient reported experience

Author: Maria Alonso-Vicente, Jess Holley, Mike Firn, Dieneke Hubbeling, Sarah White, and Ben Jones
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hospital bed, media_common.quotation_subject, 03 medical and health sciences, Face-to-face, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Humans, Medicine, Assertiveness, Generalizability theory, 030212 general & internal medicine, media_common, Service (business), business.industry, Mental Disorders, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Community Mental Health Services, 030227 psychiatry, Test (assessment), Outreach, Psychiatry and Mental health, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, Service level, Family medicine, Female, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the third in a series of papers on patient outcomes and other consequences of the withdrawal of specialist assertive outreach (AO) teams. We previously reported positive outcomes for patients receiving a less intensive service at up to four years, but had not systematically interviewed patients. AIMS: To test the generalizability of earlier findings through replication in another service. To complement the analysis of service utilisation with patient reported experience between the two treatment models. METHODS: Service level evaluation 12 months pre and post service change for 55 eligible AO patients. Thirty three consenting patients answered validated questionnaires. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant changes in hospital bed use comparing the year before and the year after the change (850-712 bed days, median 34-20). No significant change in crisis activity occurred despite a highly significant reduction in face to face contacts from a mean of 90-40. There were no significant changes in patient reported experience. CONCLUSIONS: Results are consistent with earlier studies. Reinforcing community mental health teams can provide an integrated service model that is clinically effective and equally acceptable to patients, making this a viable and affordable alternative to orthodox AO teams.
Published: 2017

42. Changes in markers of fatigue following a competitive match in elite academy rugby union players

Author: Kevin Till, Dale B. Read, Padraic J. Phibbs, Gregory Roe, Joshua David Darrall-Jones, Jonathon Weakley, and Ben Jones
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Sports injury, collision sport, business.industry, 030229 sport sciences, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, collision sport, monitoring, sports injuries, Original research, monitoring, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical therapy, Countermovement jump, Plyometrics, Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, sports injuries, Demography
Abstract: Background: Post-match fatigue has yet to be investigated in academy rugby union players. Objectives: To determine the magnitude of change in upper- (plyometric push-up (PP) flight-time) and lower-body (countermovement jump (CMJ) mean power) neuromuscular function (NMF), whole blood creatine kinase (CK) and perception of well-being following a competitive match in academy rugby union players. Methods: Fourteen academy rugby union players participated in the study. Measures were taken 2 h pre-match (baseline) and immediately post-match. Further testing was also undertaken at 24-, 48- and 72 h respectively post-match. Changes in measures from baseline were determined using magnitude-based inferences. Results: Decreases in CMJ mean power were likely substantial immediately (-5.5±3.3%) post-match, very likely at 24 h (-7±3.9), likely at 48 h (-5.8±5.4), while likely trivial at 72 h (-0.8±3.8) post-match. PP flight-time was very likely reduced immediately (-15.3±7.3%) and 24 h (-11.5±5.7%) post-match, while possibly increased at 48 h (3.5±6.0%) and likely trivial at 72 h (-0.9±5.4%) post-match. Decreases in perception of well-being were almost certainly substantial at 24 h (-24.0±4.3%), very likely at 48 h (-8.3±5.9%), and likely substantial at 72 h (-3.6±3.7%) post-match. Increases in CK were almost certainly substantial immediately (138.5±33%), 24 h (326±78%) and 48 h (176±62%) post-match, while very likely substantial at 72 h (57±35%) post-match. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the transient and multidimensional nature of post-match fatigue in academy rugby union players. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the individual nature of recovery, with many players demonstrating different recovery profiles from the group average. Keywords: collision sport, monitoring, sports injuries
Published: 2017

43. Looking Good: Mediatisation and International NGOs

Author: Ben Jones
Subjects: Human rights, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, 050801 communication & media studies, Development, Public relations, 0506 political science, Globalization, 0508 media and communications, Development studies, Mediatisation, Social transformation, Development anthropology, Accountability, 050602 political science & public administration, Sociology, International development, business, media_common
Abstract: Many international NGOs value those parts of their work that are suited to media representation: campaigning, advocacy, projects that produce the right sort of images. In this article I make three points about this change. First, those parts of the NGO most reliant on media – such as the campaign desk – may be becoming more powerful. This can change the internal dynamics of NGOs. Second, the increasing use of media means that NGOs, like other organisations, hold themselves accountable in new ways. Third, NGOs may appear to look more and more like media organisations. These changes have received relatively little attention in the literature on NGOs, though they reflect a broader set of debates about the role of media in society. Using a case analysis of an international NGO, I suggest that the concept of mediatisation might be a useful way to understand some of the changes observed in the NGO sector.
Published: 2017

44. Are professional young rugby league players eating enough? Energy intake, expenditure and balance during a pre-season

Author: Ben Jones, Joshua Rowe, Kevin Deighton, Tom Preston, Jamie Matu, and Nessan Costello
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Energy (esotericism), Energy balance, Football, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, League, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Balance (ability), biology, Athletes, business.industry, Nutritional Requirements, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Adaptation, Physiological, Physical activity level, Diet, Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Basal metabolic rate, Basal Metabolism, business, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract: Due to the unique energetic demands of professional young collision sport athletes, accurate assessment of energy balance is required. Consequently, this is the first study to simultaneously investigate the energy intake, expenditure and balance of professional young rugby league players across a pre-season period. The total energy expenditure of six professional young male rugby league players was measured via doubly labelled water over a fourteen-day assessment period. Resting metabolic rate was measured and physical activity level calculated. Dietary intake was reported via Snap-N-Send over a non-consecutive ten-day assessment period, alongside changes in fasted body mass and hydration status. Accordingly, energy balance was inferred. The mean (standard deviation) difference between total energy intake (16.73 (1.32) MJ.day−1) and total energy expenditure (18.36 (3.05) MJ.day−1) measured over the non-consecutive ten-day period was unclear (−1.63 (1.73) MJ.day−1; ES = 0.91 ± 1.28; p = 0.221). This corresponded in a most likely trivial decrease in body mass (−0.65 (0.78) kg; ES = 0.04 ± 0.03; p = 0.097). Resting metabolic rate and physical activity level across the fourteen-day pre-season period was 11.20 (2.16) MJ.day−1 and 1.7 (0.2), respectively. For the first time, this study utilises gold standard assessment techniques to elucidate the distinctly large energy expenditures of professional young rugby league players across a pre-season period, emphasising a requirement for equally large energy intakes to achieve targeted body mass and composition adaptations. Accordingly, it is imperative that practitioners regularly assess the energy balance of professional young collision-sport athletes to ensure their unique energetic requirements are achieved.
Published: 2019

45. Physical Qualities of International Female Rugby League Players by Playing Position

Author: Ben Jones, Zoe Rutherford, Kevin Till, Gareth Nicholson, Stacey Emmonds, and Karen Hind
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Football, Poison control, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Squat, Athletic Performance, Body Mass Index, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multivariate analysis of variance, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business.industry, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Anthropometry, Body Height, Sprint, Body Composition, Jump, Lean body mass, Physical therapy, Female, business, human activities, Body mass index
Abstract: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the anthropometric, body composition and fitness characteristics of female rugby league players by playing position. Data were collected on 27 players who were part of the English elite women's rugby league squad. Player assessments comprised anthropometric (stature and body mass), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and fitness (lower-body power [countermovement jump (CMJ), 20 kg jump squat (JS) and 30 cm drop jump], 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 m sprint, 505 agility, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1) measures. Players were classified into playing position (i.e., forwards and backs) prior to analysis. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) demonstrated significant (p
Published: 2016

46. Three-Compartment Body Composition in Academy and Senior Rugby League Players

Author: Ben Jones, John P. O'Hara, Matthew Barlow, Karen Hind, Kevin Till, Matthew J. Lees, and Amy Brightmore
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Bone density, Football, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, League, Body fat percentage, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Absorptiometry, Photon, 0302 clinical medicine, Bone Density, medicine, Body Fat Distribution, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Body Weight, 030229 sport sciences, Anthropometry, Body Height, Cross-Sectional Studies, Athletes, Body Composition, Lean body mass, Physical therapy, Bone mineral content, business, human activities
Abstract: Purpose:To compare the body size and 3-compartment body composition between academy and senior professional rugby league players using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).Methods:Academy (age 18.1 ± 1.1 y, n = 34) and senior (age 26.2 ± 4.6 y, n = 63) rugby league players received 1 total-body DXA scan. Height, body mass, and body-fat percentage alongside total and regional fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral content (BMC) were compared. Independent t tests with Cohen d effect sizes and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), controlling for height and body mass, with partial eta-squared (η2) effect sizes, were used to compare total and regional body composition.Results:Senior players were taller (183.2 ± 5.8 vs 179.2 ± 5.7 cm, P = .001, d = 0.70) and heavier (96.5 ± 9.3 vs 86.5 ± 9.0 kg, P < .001, d = 1.09) with lower body-fat percentage (16.3 ± 3.7 vs 18.0 ± 3.7%, P = .032, d = 0.46) than academy players. MANCOVA identified significant overall main effects for total and regional body composition between academy and senior players. Senior players had lower total fat mass (P < .001, η 2 = 0.15), greater total lean mass (P < .001, η 2 = 0.14), and greater total BMC (P = .001, η 2 = 0.12) than academy players. For regional sites, academy players had significantly greater fat mass at the legs (P < .001, η 2 = 0.29) than senior players.Conclusions:The lower age, height, body mass, and BMC of academy players suggest that these players are still developing musculoskeletal characteristics. Gradual increases in lean mass and BMC while controlling fat mass is an important consideration for practitioners working with academy rugby league players, especially in the lower body.
Published: 2016

47. Accessing off-field brains in sport; an applied research model to develop practice

Author: Peter Mackreth, Richard Hunwicks, Richard Mayhew, Gregory Roe, Andy Rock, Ben Jones, Joshua David Darrall-Jones, Kevin Till, Michael Clarkson, Sharief Hendricks, Neill Potts, Stacey Emmonds, and Sir Ian McGeechan
Subjects: Medical education, Biomedical Research, Evidence-based practice, business.industry, Health Personnel, Human factors and ergonomics, Poison control, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Usability, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Sports Medicine, Suicide prevention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Work (electrical), Evidence-Based Practice, Injury prevention, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Applied research, 030212 general & internal medicine, business
Abstract: Applied researchers (eg, academic researchers, PhD students) strive to undertake research that can inform practice in sport, and evidence ‘ impact.’ Conversely, practitioners (eg, coaches, physiotherapists, clinicians, sports scientists) strive to apply relevant up-to-date research findings to develop or optimise practice, adopting ‘ evidence based practice. ’ Despite the researcher and practitioner within a discipline having similar overall aims (eg, improve athletic performance, reduce injury risk, optimise return to play practices), their primary roles appear different due to various contextual factors.1 2 Researchers are able to work slowly, dedicating time to solving complex problems, whereas practitioners working in the field are required to work fast, to provide day-to-day support to coaches and athletes.1 The differences in how the researcher and practitioner work can be problematic and challenge the alignment of their respective priorities within their roles (eg, timescales required to deliver outcomes, specific expertise and experience, resources). Here we share a model demonstrating how the ‘working fast1 on-field brain3’, ‘working slow1 off-field brain3’ and ‘research-practitioner2’ can work together to undertake and integrate research into practice and solve the above problems. The alignment of (applied) research questions, expectations and usability of outcomes into practice …
Published: 2017

48. Temperature impacts on utility-scale solar photovoltaic and wind power generation output over Australia under RCP 8.5

Author: Judith Landsberg, Ben Jones, Marcus Thatcher, and Jing Huang
Subjects: Wind power, Meteorology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, 020209 energy, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Photovoltaic system, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric model, Solar irradiance, Wind speed, Renewable energy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, Energy market, business
Abstract: Climate change has the potential to impact the generation of renewable energy significantly subject to location and equipment specifications. As the penetration of renewable energy in the energy systems keeps increasing, this impact needs be systematically assessed so that investment and reliability information is accurate. Australia represents an ideal study case characterized by its frequency of extreme weather events and the recent and planned growth in the renewable energy sector. In this study, we model and quantify the long-term temperature de-rating impact of utility-scale solar photovoltaic and wind power generation over Australia. Using climate projections simulated by six Global Circulation Models and the CSIRO's Cubic Conformal Atmospheric Model, we analyze half-hourly time series of key weather variables such as temperature, surface solar irradiance, and wind speed for 1980–2060 at two sites where variable renewable generators are located, or are likely to be located in the future based on the current Integrated System Plan by the Australian Energy Market Operator. We also built power conversion models for the temperature de-rating of solar and wind power with added focus on high temperature scenarios. We found that the general temporal trends in annual solar and wind power generation due to climate change are small, being at the order of 0.1% of their average production per decade. However, for peak temperature events, which coincide with the peak power demand and, generally, high prices, the temperature de-rating impact can be much more substantial and disruptive.
Published: 2020

49. Sharing server nodes for storage and compute

Author: Ben Jones, Alessandro Di Girolamo, Andrea Valassi, Gavin McCance, Massimo Lamanna, Jaroslava Schovancova, Luca Mascetti, I. Glushkov, David Smith, Andrey Kiryanov, Herve Rousseau, Havard Tollefsen, and Markus Schulz
Subjects: Service (systems architecture), Large Hadron Collider, business.industry, Physics, QC1-999, Node (networking), computer.software_genre, Term (time), Computing and Computers, Proof of concept, Server, Computer data storage, Operating system, Batch processing, business, computer
Abstract: Based on the observation of low average CPU utilisation of several hundred file storage servers in the EOS storage system at CERN, the Batch on EOS Extra Resources (BEER) project developed an approach to also utilise these resources for batch processing. Initial proof of concept tests showed little interference between batch and storage services on a node. Subsequently a model for production was developed and implemented. This has been deployed on part of the CERN EOS production service. The implementation and test results will be presented. The potential for additional resources at the CERN Tier-0 centre is of the order of ten thousand hardware threads in the near term, as well as being a step towards a hyper-converged infrastructure.
Published: 2018

50. Silicon-Quartz Microcapillary Opto-Fluidic Platform Obtained by CMOS-Compatible Die to Wafer 200 mm Dual Bonding Process

Author: Pieter Bex, Aurelie Humbert, Ben Jones, Simone Severi, Daniel D. De Almeida, Sophie Roth, Edith Grac, Giuseppe Fiorentino, and Murali Jayapala
Subjects: die to wafer bonding, Materials science, deep reactive ion etch, Adhesive bonding, Silicon, business.industry, Capillary action, silicon microfluidic, Microfluidics, chemistry.chemical_element, lcsh:A, Substrate (electronics), capillary microfluidic, Die (integrated circuit), chemistry, Optoelectronics, Fluidics, Wafer, lcsh:General Works, business
Abstract: A composite, capillary-driven microfluidic system suitable for transmitted light microscopy of cells (e.g., red and white human blood cells) is fabricated and demonstrated. The microfluidic system consists of a microchannels network fabricated in a photo-patternable adhesive polymer on a quartz substrate, which, by means of adhesive bonding, is then connected to a silicon microfluidic die (for processing of the biological sample) and quartz die (to form the imaging chamber). The entire bonding process makes use of a very low temperature budget (200 °C). In this demonstrator, the silicon die consists of microfluidic channels with transition structures to allow conveyance of fluid utilizing capillary forces from the polymer channels to the silicon channels and back to the polymer channels. Compared to existing devices, this fully integrated platform combines on the same substrate silicon microfluidic capabilities with optical system analysis, representing a portable and versatile lab-on-chip device.
Published: 2018

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