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What are the new findings? ►► The COVID-19 pandemic prevented physical innovation formats and virtual innovation strategies such as the virtual hackathon proposed in this article may address this challenge ►► Virtual interdisciplinary collaboration between students and early career professionals can ead to rapid innovations to address urgent unmet clinical needs in times of global emergencies How might it impact on healthcare in the future? ►► Innovation pathways should be augmented with virtual innovation strategies to break down barriers to engagement in healthcare innovation, improve global interdisciplinary collaboration and enhance rapid innovation adoption moving into the future ►► Particular healthcare technologies likely to be positively impacted by this include those in digital health, global health and medical device sectors © 2021 Georg Thieme Verlag All rights reserved

In cases of acute diarrhea, it is difficult to distinguish between bacterial and non-bacterial causes. Increased fecal calprotectin (f-CP) level is a marker of neutrophil migration in the intestinal lumen and is associated with intestinal inflammation. Previous studies reported an increase in f-CP levels in children with acute diarrhea, which is caused by bacteria, but only few have studied the relationship between intestinal pathogens with f-CP levels in acute diarrhea. Objective To assess for a correlation between gut pathogens and fecal calprotectin levels in children with acute diarrhea. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study between July to November 2012 on children aged 1-5 years with acute diarrhea, and underwent routine blood tests, stool microscopy, f-CP tests, and stool cultures. We used a simple linear regression and correlation analysis with a significance level of P

Background: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) as a complication of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is not known. Recently, RIFLE criteria were used widely in the medical research to identify patients with different degrees of renal insufficiency. Objectives: Our purpose is to determine the incidence, clinical presentations, endoscopic findings and outcomes of AKI in the elderly presenting with AUGIB using RIFLE criteria. The study was conducted in a community hospital in Washington State. This was a retrospective pilot study of elderly patients (≥60 years old) presenting with AUGIB. Categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The Student t-test was used to compare continuous variables. A total of 113 patients were included (52 males and 61 females) in the study. The patients were classified into those with AKI based on RIFLE criteria and those without. The two groups were compared in regard to clinical presentations, laboratory and endoscopic findings, complications, length and cost of hospitalization. Results: Fifty five patients (48.7%) met RIFLE criteria for AKI, while 58 patients did not develop any renal dysfunction. Patients with AUGIB complicated with AKI tend to be residents at nursing homes (38% vs. 14%, P < 0.004), present with weakness (49% vs 29%., P < 0.04) and altered mental status (25% vs. 55%, P < 0.003), have higher serum creatinine at presentation (1.8 mg/dL vs. 1.2 mg/dL, P < 0.002), have less incidence of gastritis/gastric ulcers (67% vs. 42%, P < 0.007), have nondiagnostic upper endoscopic examination (29% vs. 14%, P < 0.05), higher incidences of cardiac complications including myocardial infarction (9% and 0%, P < 0.02), longer lengths of stay (5.0 days vs. 2.37 days, P < 0.005) and higher hospitalization costs ($20,230 vs. $11,779, P < 0.02). Conclusion: The incidence of developing AKI as a consequence of AUGIB in the elderly is very common. Those with AKI tend to have a more complicated clinical course in the hospital.