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Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition with little specific treatment. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), interacting with its receptor, IGF1R, serves a vital role in neuronal and brain functions such as autophagy and neuroinflammation. Yet, the function of spinal IGF1/IGF1R in neuropathic pain is unclear. Here, we examined whether and how spinal IGF1 signaling affects pain-like behaviors in mice with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. To corroborate the role of IGF1, we injected intrathecally IGF1R inhibitor (nvp-aew541) or anti-IGF1 neutralizing antibodies. We found that IGF1 (derived from astrocytes) in the lumbar cord increased along with the neuropathic pain induced by CCI. IGF1R was predominantly expressed on neurons. IGF1R antagonism or IGF1 neutralization attenuated pain behaviors induced by CCI, relieved mTOR-related suppression of autophagy, and mitigated neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. These findings reveal that the abnormal IGF1/IGF1R signaling contributes to neuropathic pain by exacerbating autophagy dysfunction and neuroinflammation.

BACKGROUND: Recurrence of esophageal cancer (EC) after chemotherapy may mainly be explained by the existence of chemotherapy-resistant cells, and an effective drug against chemotherapy-resistant cells is highly sought. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of bispecific antibody solitomab combined with γ δ T cells on Eca109 cell spheres. METHODS: We cultured Eca109 cell spheres in serum-free medium, and the morphological differences between wild-type Eca109 cells and Eca109 cell spheres were compared by microscope and flow cytometry. Different concentrations of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (Nab-PTX) and cisplatin were used to treat the two groups of cells and compare their drug resistance. Flow cytometry was then used to detect the expression level of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and the cytotoxicity of γ δ T cells combined with bispecific antibody solitomab on the two groups. RESULTS: Flow cytometry analysis showed that Eca109 cell spheres were smaller in size and had less cytoplasmic granules and CCK-8 assay showed that the viability of Eca109 cell spheres treated with different concentrations of Nab-PTX and cisplatin was significantly higher than that of wild-type Eca109 cells (P

Unlike traditional clustering analysis, the biclustering algorithm works simultaneously on two dimensions of samples (row) and variables (column). In recent years, biclustering methods have been developed rapidly and widely applied in biological data analysis, text clustering, recommendation system and other fields. The traditional clustering algorithms cannot be well adapted to process high-dimensional data and/or large-scale data. At present, most of the biclustering algorithms are designed for the differentially expressed big biological data. However, there is little discussion on binary data clustering mining such as miRNA-targeted gene data. Here, we propose a novel biclustering method for miRNA-targeted gene data based on graph autoencoder named as GAEBic. GAEBic applies graph autoencoder to capture the similarity of sample sets or variable sets, and takes a new irregular clustering strategy to mine biclusters with excellent generalization. Based on the miRNA-targeted gene data of soybean, we benchmark several different types of the biclustering algorithm, and find that GAEBic performs better than Bimax, Bibit and the Spectral Biclustering algorithm in terms of target gene enrichment. This biclustering method achieves comparable performance on the high throughput miRNA data of soybean and it can also be used for other species.

Aiming at the problems of colour distortion and residual dehazing in the existing image dehazing methods when processing outdoor images, a method of image dehazing based on the cycle generative adversarial network is proposed. Taking the cycle generative adversarial network as the overall framework of the model, firstly, the neural network is trained to obtain the mapping relationship between haze images and haze-free images. Secondly, to accelerate the convergence speed of network training, using residual structure to improve network stability and reduce parameters. Then, a new loss function is proposed, fusing the Wasserstein distance into adversarial loss and cycle consistency loss, which reduces the deviation between the generated dehaze image and the real haze-free image, and alleviating the problems of colour distortion and haze removal residue. Finally, use the optimised bounded ReLU (BReLU) activation function instead of the original activation function to improve the transmittance reflecting the haze depth information. The experimental results demonstrated that, compared with the comparison method, the proposed method improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio, structure similarity, information entropy, and average gradient, and has an achieved better performance in dehazing.

Background: Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare idiopathic disease with a stable course that involves the mucous membrane of the tracheobronchial tree. Most cases present no specific symptoms, and there are currently no established guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. In this report, we discuss a single case of a patient with TO who was diagnosed based on clinical imaging and histopathology. Case Summary: A patient with a history of smoking and alcohol consumption, but no specific clinical symptoms, was diagnosed with TO after undergoing fiber-optic bronchoscopy. Nodular processes with smooth surface mucosa and detached bronchial mucosa were observed. The presence of TO was confirmed by pathological examination. Conclusion: The diagnosis of TO is difficult, and early fiber-optic bronchoscopy and pathological examination should be performed to facilitate the diagnosis.

Due to the limitations of infrared imaging principles and imaging systems, many problems are typically encountered with collected infrared images, such as low resolution, insufficient detail information, and blurred edges. In response to these problems, a method of infrared image super-resolution reconstruction that uses recursive attention and is based on a generative adversarial network is proposed. First, according to the characteristics of low-resolution infrared images such as uniform pixel distributions, low contrast, and poor perceived quality, a deep generator structure with a recursive-attention network is designed in this article. The recursive-attention module is used to extract high-frequency information from the feature maps, suppress useless information, and enhance the expressiveness of the features, which facilitates the reconstruction of texture details of infrared images. Then, to better distinguish the reconstructed images from the original high-resolution images, we designed a discriminator that was composed of a deep convolutional neural network. In addition, targeted improvements were made to the content loss function of GAN. We used the pre-trained VGG-19 network features before activation to calculate the perceptual loss, which helps recover the texture details of the infrared images. The experimental results on infrared image datasets demonstrated that the reconstruction performance of the proposed method is higher than those of several typical methods, and it realizes higher image visual quality.

To address the problems of insufficient detail extraction and long training time in the super-resolution reconstruction of chest X-ray images, a method of chest X-ray images super-resolution reconstruction using recursive neural network is proposed in this paper. Firstly, this paper designs a lightweight recursive network as the main branch, which solves the problem of training difficulty and time-consuming. Then, to overcome the lack of detail extraction in chest X-ray image, a detail complementary model is designed as another branch of the network to solve the problem of shallow information loss. Finally, the optimized activation function is used to reduce the loss of texture details and make the reconstructed image more complete and richer. When the scale factor is 2, the experimental results show that compared with other methods based on deep learning, such as the deep recursive neural network (DRCN), the details of chest X-ray images reconstructed by our method are more abundant. Specifically, the average value of PSNR and SSIM were improved by 0.17 dB and 0.0013 respectively. Moreover, the reconstruction speed of the images was increased by about 16% compared with DRCN.

Estimating the crowd density in surveillance videos is a hot issue in the field of computer vision and has become the basis of data processing and analysis of public transport services, commercial passenger flow analysis, public security protection and other industries. However, in terms of practical applications, due to the problems of pedestrian occlusion and scale changes, existing methods are inadequate with regard to the acquisition of the human head, which affects the accuracy of counting. To solve this problem, a crowd counting method based on a self-attention residual network is proposed. First, a multiscale convolution module composed of dilated convolution and deformation convolution is used. To avoid losing image resolution, some of the sampling positions are shifted to the occluded crowd by shifting the sampling points, which solves the problem of crowd occlusion. Then, a self-attention residual module is designed to score and classify the feature map, which allows all pixels in the feature map to be classified. The corresponding weight is generated, and the population scale is determined by the weight, which solves the problem of crowd scale changes. The algorithm is applied in ShanghaiTech and the UCF_CC_50 and WorldExpo’10 datasets are tested. The experimental results show that the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean square error (MSE) of this algorithm are significantly reduced compared with those of a comparative algorithm.

When a robot picks green fruit under natural light, the color of the fruit is similar to the background; uneven lighting and fruit and leaf occlusion often affect the performance of the detection method. We take green mangoes as an experimental object. A lightweight green mangoes detection method based on YOLOv3 is proposed here. To improve the detection speed of the method, we first combine the color, texture, and shape features of green mango to design a lightweight network unit to replace the residual units in YOLOv3. Second, the improved Multiscale context aggregation (MSCA) module is used to concatenate multilayer features and make predictions, solving the problem of insufficient position information and semantic information on the prediction feature map in YOLOv3; this approach effectively improves the detection effect for the green mangoes. To address the overlap of green mangoes, soft non-maximum suppression (Soft-NMS) is used to replace non-maximum suppression (NMS), thereby reducing the missing of predicted boxes due to green mango overlaps. Finally, an auxiliary inspection green mango image enhancement algorithm (CLAHE-Mango) is proposed, is suitable for low-brightness detection environments and improves the accuracy of the green mango detection method. The experimental results show that the F1% of Light-YOLOv3 in the test set is 97.7%. To verify the performance of Light-YOLOv3 under the embedded platform, we embed one-stage methods into the Adreno 640 and Mali-G76 platforms. Compared with YOLOv3, the F1% of Light-YOLOv3 is increased by 4.5%, and the running speed is increased by 5 times, which can meet the real-time running requirements for picking robots. Through three sets of comparative experiments, we could determine that our method has the best detection results in terms of dense, backlit, direct light, night, long distance, and special angle scenes under complex lighting.

To assess the effect and safety of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A for Injection (HSYAI) in treating patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and blood stasis syndrome (BSS).A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, active-controlled phase II trial was conducted at 9 centers in China from July 2013 to September 2015. Patients with moderate or severe AIS and BSS were randomly assigned to low-, medium-, high-dose HSYAI groups (25, 50 and 70 mg/d HSYAI by intravenous infusion, respectively), and a control group (Dengzhan Xixin Injection (, DZXXI) 30 mL/d by intravenous infusion), for 14 consecutive days. The primary outcome was the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ⩽1 at days 90 after treatment. The secondary outcomes included the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ⩽1, Barthel Index (BI) score ⩾95, and BSS score reduced ⩾30% from baseline at days 14, 30, 60, and 90 after treatment. The safety outcomes included any adverse events during 90 days after treatment.Of the 266 patients included in the effectiveness analysis, 66, 67, 65 and 68 cases were in the low-, medium-, and high-dose HSYAI and control groups, respectively. The proportions of patients in the medium- and high-dose HSYAI groups with mRS score ⩽1 at days 90 after treatment were significantly larger than the control group (P0.05). The incidences of favorable outcomes of NIHSS and BI at days 90 after treatment as well as satisfactory improvement of BSS at days 30 and 60 after treatment in the medium- and high-dose HSYAI groups were all significantly higher than the control group (P0.05). No significant difference was reported among the 4 groups in any specific adverse events (P0.05).HSYAI was safe and well-tolerated at all doses for treating AIS patients with BSS. The medium (50 mg/d) or high dose (75 mg/d) might be the optimal dose for a phase III trial. (Registration No. ChiCTR-2000029608).

Background: Despite the improved access to health services in China, inadequate diagnosis and management of dementia are common issues, especially in rural regions. Objective: The Hubei Memory & Aging Cohort Study was designed as a prospective study in Central China to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among urban and rural older adults. Methods: From 2018–2020, participants aged ≥65 years were screened, and data regarding their life behaviors, families, socio-economic status, physical and mental health, social and psychological factors, and cognition were collected. Diagnoses of MCI and dementia were made via consensus diagnosis using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition criteria. Results: Of 8,221 individuals who completed their baseline clinical evaluation, 4,449 (54.1%) were women and 3,164 (38.4%) were from remote rural areas (average age: 71.96 years; mean education period: 7.58 years). At baseline, 25.98%(95%confidence interval [CI]: 24.99–26.96) and 7.24%(95%CI: 6.68–7.80) of the participants were diagnosed with MCI and dementia, respectively. Prevalence showed a strong relationship with age. The substantial disparities between rural and urban regions in MCI and dementia prevalence and multiple dementia-related risk factors were revealed. Especially for dementia, the prevalence rate in rural areas was 2.65 times higher than that in urban regions. Conclusion: Our results suggested that public health interventions are urgently needed to achieve equitable diagnosis and management for people living with dementia in the communities across urban and rural areas.

BackgroundSubstantial variations in the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its subtypes have been reported, although mostly in geographically defined developed countries and regions. Less is known about MCI and its subtypes in rural areas of less developed central China.AimsThe study aimed to compare the prevalence of MCI and its subtypes in residents aged 65 years or older in urban and rural areas of Hubei Province, China.MethodsParticipants aged 65 years or older were recruited between 2018 and 2019. Inperson structured interviews and clinical and neuropsychological assessments were performed at city health community centres and township hospitals.ResultsAmong 2644 participants without dementia, 735 had MCI, resulting in a prevalence of 27.8% for total MCI, 20.9% for amnestic MCI (aMCI) and 6.9% for non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). The prevalence of MCI in urban and rural areas was 20.2% and 44.1%, respectively. After adjusting for demographic factors, the prevalence of total MCI, aMCI and naMCI differed significantly between rural and urban areas (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.10, 1.44 and 3.76, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed an association between rural socioeconomic and lifestyle disadvantage and MCI and its subtypes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the prevalence of MCI among urban residents in central China is consistent with that in other metropolis areas, such as Shanghai, but the prevalence in rural areas is twice that in urban areas. Prospective studies and dementia prevention in China should focus on rural areas.

Aiming at the problems of the face image super-resolution reconstruction method based on convolutional neural network, such as single feature extraction scale, low utilization rate of features and blurred face images texture, a model combining convolutional neural network with self-attention mechanism is proposed. Firstly, the shallow features of the image are extracted by the cascaded 3 × 3 convolutional kernels, and then self-attention mechanism is combined with the residual blocks in depth residual network to extract the deep detail features of faces. Finally, the extracted features are fused globally by skip connections, which provide more high-frequency details for face reconstruction. Experiments on Helen, CelebA face datasets and real-world images showed that the proposed method could make full use of facial feature information, and its peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) were both higher than the comparison methods with better subjective visual effects.

Background The present study evaluated the clinical outcomes and safety of expansive open-door laminoplasty, when securing with C4 – C6 lateral mass screw and fusion. Methods A total of 110 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) were enrolled. There were 88 male and 22 female, with mean age at 60.55 ± 10.95 years. All of the patients underwent expansive open-door laminoplasty with unilateral or bilateral C4–6 lateral mass screws fixation and fusion. Clinical data, including age, gender, operation-related information, pre- and post-operation Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, and cervical curvatures were collected. Results The mean follow-up time of the cohort was 13.61 ± 9.53 months. Among the 110 patients, 33 of them were allocated to Unilateral group, and 77 of them were in Bilateral group. The mean JOA score of the 110 patients before surgery was 10.07 ± 2.39, and the score was improved significantly to 12.85 ± 2.45 after surgery. There were no reported cases of neurological deterioration or symptom worsening. Patients in both the Unilateral group and Bilateral groups had significant improvement of JOA scores. Among all patients, the most frequently observed complications were axial symptoms (n = 7). The average preoperative cervical curvature among all patients was 15.17 ± 5.26, and the post-surgery curvature was 14.41 ± 4.29. Similar observations were found between Unilateral and Bilateral groups. Conclusion The modified surgical approach provided satisfactory clinical outcome in patients with CSM. The unilateral and bilateral fixation appeared to provide similar outcomes, in terms of cervical curvature maintenance and improvement of clinical symptoms. However, the examination of the exact differences between the two fixation methods await further biomechanical studies.

A novel weighted hybrid classifier and a high-order, local normal derivative pattern descriptor are proposed for 3D face recognition. The local derivative pattern (LDP) captures the detailed information based on the local derivative variation in different directions. The LDP is computed on three normal maps in $x$ -, $y$ -, and $z$ -directions and on different scales. The surface normal captures the orientation of a surface at each point of 3D data. More informative local shape information is extracted using the surface normal, as compared to depth. The $n$ th-order LDP on the surface normal is proposed to encode the more detailed features from the $(n-1)$ th-order’s local derivative direction variations. An extreme learning machine (ELM)-based autoencoder, using a multilayer network structure, is employed to select more discriminant features and to provide a faster training speed. A weighted hybrid framework is proposed to handle facial challenges using a combination of the ELM and the sparse representation classifier (SRC). The advantage of speed for the ELM and the accuracy for the SRC in a weighted scheme is used to enhance the performance of the recognition system. Experimental results regarding four famous 3D face databases illustrate the generalization and effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of both computational cost and recognition accuracy.

Aims: To investigate roles of miR-29a-DNMT1-SOCS1 axis in cervical cancer invasion and migration. Materials & methods: The methylation level of SOCS1 was determined by methylation specific PCR. The cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration and invasion were examined by Annexin-V/PI staining, MTT and colony formation assays, plus scratch and transwell assays respectively. The expressions of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and NF-κB related proteins were determined by western blotting. Results: MiR-29a was downregulated, accompanied with DNMT1 upregulation and SOCS1 downregulation in cervical cancer tissues. MiR-29a suppressed DNMT1, inhibited SOCS1 promoter methylation and upregulated its expression. Moreover, miR-29a promoted cell apoptosis, suppressed proliferation, inhibited migration and invasion via inactivation of NF-κB signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells. Conclusion: MiR-29a-DNMT1-SOCS1 axis plays an important role on invasion and metastasis in cervical cancer via NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background The prevalence of dementia in China, particularly in rural areas, is consistently increasing; however, research on population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of risk factors for dementia is scarce. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey, namely, the China Multicentre Dementia Survey (CMDS) in selected rural and urban areas from 2018 to 2020. We performed face-to-face interviews and neuropsychological and clinical assessments to reach a consensus on dementia diagnosis. Prevalence and weighted PAFs of eight modifiable risk factors (six classical: less childhood education, hearing impairment, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes, and social isolation, and two novels: olfactory decline and being unmarried) for all-cause dementia were estimated. Results Overall, CMDS included 17,589 respondents aged ≥ 65 years, 55.6% of whom were rural residents. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence for all-cause dementia was 9.11% (95% CI 8.96-9.26), 5.19% (5.07-5.31), and 11.98% (11.8-12.15) in the whole, urban, and rural areas of China, respectively. Further, the overall weighted PAFs of the eight potentially modifiable risk factors were 53.72% (95% CI 52.73-54.71), 50.64% (49.4-51.89), and 56.54% (55.62-57.46) in the whole, urban, and rural areas of China, respectively. The eight risk factors' prevalence differed between rural and urban areas. Lower childhood education (PAF: 13.92%) and physical inactivity (16.99%) were primary risk factors in rural and urban areas, respectively. Conclusions The substantial urban-rural disparities in the prevalence of dementia and its risk factors exist, suggesting the requirement of resident-specific dementia-prevention strategies.

Background Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common and intractable complication of diabetes mellitus, with little effective treatment. PDN has been associated with spinal neuroinflammation characterized by microglial activation. Recently, the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), specifically localized on microglia, has been identified as a vital factor in modulating neuroinflammation and microglial phenotypes in neural diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that spinal TREM2 might contribute to PDN and neuroinflammation by regulating microglial activity and phenotypes. Methods Type I diabetes mellitus was elicited by a single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) in mice. The pain behaviors were reflected by paw mechanical withdrawal thresholds (PMWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (PTWL). Results We demonstrated that up-regulation of microglial TREM2 and amplification of both microglial M1 and M2 response was along with the presence of diabetes-related mechanical allodynia and thermal hypersensitivity. Moreover, we found that overexpression of TREM2 in microglia aggravated the symptom of PDN, amplified microglia M1 response, and suppressed microglia M2 polarization in the lumbar spinal cord of diabetic mice. However, inhibition of TREM2 with anti-TREM2 neutralizing antibodies attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in diabetic mice. Besides, we identified Galectin-3 (GLT-3) as the potential ligand of the TREM2 receptor in facilitating the progression of PDN. Conclusions TREM2 could be a critical microglial membrane molecule that modulates microglial phenotypes pain hypersensitivity in PDN. GLT-3 might act as a specific ligand to trigger TREM2 signaling in PDN or other neuropathic pain.

In this paper, the applications where the piezoelectric pressure sensors using as switching devices were investigated. To begin with, the piezoelectric pressure sensor was designed and manufactured. The piezoelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) disks with customized thickness, fabricated by the tape-casting process, were used in this sensor as sensing element because of its great piezoelectric properties. Two most widely used structure designs of the pressure sensors were compared and the PZT pressure sensor adopting unimorph structure was selected. Next, corresponding theoretical analysis was conducted according to the established unimorph structure model. Based on the analysis, several pressure sensors samples with improved sensitivity and simple structure ware fabricated. Using these pressure sensors, two experiment where the pressure sensors were used as switching devices were studied. First, one pressure sensor was connected to an Arduino UNO board to form a trigger switch, which was designed to control a DC motor. By properly designing program algorithms and adjust the control parameter, it is successfully realized to change the working state through touching the pressure sensor. Second, a dimmer switch which consists of two pressure sensors were designed. The dimmer switch was also connected with the Arduino board to adjust the brightness of a dimmable LED. A brightness gradient was designed in the control program, which makes different brightness levels achievable by touching different positions on the dimmer switch.

Rationale: Significant concerns about the adverse effects following chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy are still remained including cytokine release syndrome (CRS). In rare circumstances, CRS may be refractory to tocilizumab and/or corticosteroids, a new treatment is needed for the management of CRS. Patient concerns: We present a case of a 20-year-old male patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed CRS after CD19/CD22 bispecific CAR-T treatment. Diagnosis: The patient was diagnosed with BCR-ABL(P210) positive B-ALL and developed CRS after CD19/CD22 bispecific CAR-T treatment. Interventions: Tocilizumab and methylprednisolone were administered, unfortunately the patient's symptoms of CRS were still not resolved. Another methylprednisolone and ruxolitinib were administered. Outcomes: The persistent fever and hypotension of this patient achieved a rapid clinical remission within hours after ruxolitinib administration. Lessons: Ruxolitinib can be used as an alternative therapeutic approach for severe and refractory CRS without impairing CAR-T amplification and anti-tumor effect.

Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and intractable complication in chemotherapy-receiving patients. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a popular neurotrophin with various functions, such as maintaining neuronal survival and synaptic functioning in the central nervous system. Therefore, we hypothesized that the IGF-1 signaling pathway could be a candidate target for treating CIPN. Methods We established the CIPN model by injecting mice intraperitoneally with oxaliplatin and assessed IGF-1 protein expression, its receptor IGF1R, phospho-IGF1R (p-IGF1R), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the lumbar spinal cord with Western blot and immunofluorescence. To examine the effect of IGF-1 signaling on CIPN, we injected mice intrathecally or intraperitoneally with mouse recombinant IGF-1 (rIGF-1). Results IGF-1 protein expression decreased significantly in the spinal cord on D3 and D10 (the 3rd and 10th days after beginning oxaliplatin chemotherapy) and was co-localized with astrocytes primarily in the lumbar spinal cord, whereas IGF1R was predominantly expressed on neurons. Both intrathecally- and intraperitoneally-administered rIGF-1 relieved the chemotherapy-induced pain-like behavior and reduced IL-17A, TNF-α, and CGRP protein expressions in the spinal cord. Conclusion Our results indicate a vital role for IGF-1 signaling in CIPN. Targeting IGF-1 signaling could be a potent therapeutic strategy for treating CIPN in clinical settings.

Tendon-bone insertion injuries such as rotator cuff and anterior cruciate ligament injuries are currently highly common and severe. The key method of treating this kind of injury is the reconstruction operation. The success of this reconstructive process depends on the ability of the graft to incorporate into the bone. Recently, there has been substantial discussion about how to enhance the integration of tendon and bone through biological methods. Stem cells like bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), tendon stem/progenitor cells, synovium-derived MSCs, adipose-derived stem cells, or periosteum-derived periosteal stem cells can self-regenerate and potentially differentiate into different cell types, which have been widely used in tissue repair and regeneration. Thus, we concentrate in this review on the current circumstances of tendon-bone healing using stem cell therapy.

Background Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) of the ileum presenting as perforation and peritonitis is a rare disease, derived from intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes.The degree of malignancy is extremely high. The pathogenic factors of ileal perforation caused by NHL are not clear yet, Chromosome and immune system abnormalities, which may be related to the NHL, are indistinguishable from other benign and malignant conditions and clinically nonspecific. Case presentation Here,We described an 84 year old male with abdominal pain for four days and aggravating for three hours. The pain was initially considered as gastrointestinal perforation, and was initially located at the upper abdomen area.The persistent insidious pain,and was accompanied by nausea, vomiting and fever. According to the abdominal physical examination, the patient had pain all over his abdomen, rebound pain and muscle tension, and bowel sounds were reduced on auscultation. The abdominal CT scan showed abdominal cavity free gas.We diagnosed the patient with peritonitis due to the perforation of the hollow viscus. We promptly performed exploratory laparotomy.Intraoperative findings,showed perforations in the ileum that were approximately 40 cm from the ileocecal region and had a size of 3～8 mm. Segmental distribution was observed, and the intestinal contents overflowed with purulent moss around the perforation surface. Resection and ileostomy were performed as intervention, and the clinical histopathological examination showed the T-cell lymphoma. Conclusion:Timely emergency surgery is the key to the treatment of the ileal perforation caused by T-cell lymphoma.Resection and ileostomy were performed as intervention, and the subsequent histopathological examination showed T-cell lymphoma. Clinical follow-up was performed, and the patient was advised to go to the oncology department for further chemotherapy.

Background: The prevalence of dementia in China, particularly in rural areas, is consistently increasing. Researchers have built upon the evidence that many dementia cases can be prevented, but most data came from high-income countries. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, named the China Multicentre Dementia Survey, was conducted. Face-to-face interviews, neuropsychological and clinical assessments were performed. Consensus dementia diagnoses were reached. Weighted population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were conducted for eight risk factors (six classical and two novels) in selected rural and urban areas, to identify potential dementia prevention targets. Findings: Overall, 17,589 respondents aged ≥ 65 years completed the survey between April 2018 and November 2020, 55.6% of whom were rural residents. The age and sex adjusted prevalence for all-cause dementia was 9.11% (95% CI 8.96–9.26), 5.19% (5.07–5.31), and 11.98% (11.8–12.15) in the whole, urban, and rural areas of China, respectively. And the overall weighted PAF of eight potentially modifiable risk factors was 53.72% (95% CI 52.73–54.71), 50.64% (49.4–51.89), and 56.54% (55.62–57.46), respectively. These eight risk factors’ profiles differed between rural and urban areas. Lower childhood education (PAF: 13.92%) and physical inactivity (16.99%) was the primary risk factor in rural and urban, respectively. Interpretation: The dementia prevalence has been increased in China over the past 5 years. The dementia prevention potential in China is greater than that reported worldwide. Resident-specific dementia prevention strategies should be developed. Funding: This work was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Declaration of Interest: We declare no competing interests Ethical Approval: The protocol for this study was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee at Wuhan University of Science and Technology (ID: 201845), and the Medical Ethics Committee at Tianjin Huanhu Hospital (ID: 2019-40). Please find the detailed ethical report from supplementary files. We confirm that the study was conducted in accordance with Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2013. We state that written informed consent was obtained from the participants of the study (and the relevant document(s) will be provided when requested by the journal). This study does not involving minor subjects/children/infants. We declare that personal details of patients in any part of the paper and in any supplementary materials (including illustrations) have been removed.

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is among the common complications in diabetes mellitus (DM), with its underlying mechanisms largely unknown. Synapsin II is primarily expressed in the spinal dorsal horn, and its upregulation mediates a superfluous release of glutamate and a deficiency of GABAergic interneuron synaptic transmission, which is directly implicated in the facilitation of pain signals in the hyperalgesic nociceptive response. Recently, synapsin II has been revealed to be associated with the modulation of neurite outgrowth, whereas the process of this neuronal structural neuroplasticity following neuronal hyperexcitability still remains unclear. In this study, we found that under conditions of elevated glucose, TNF-α induced the activation of mTOR, mediating the upregulation of synapsin II and neurite outgrowth in dorsal horn neurons. In vivo, we demonstrated that mTOR and synapsin II were upregulated and coexpressed in the spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Furthermore, the intrathecal administration of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin or synapsin II shRNA significantly diminished the expression of synapsin II, effectively mitigating hyperalgesia in PDN rats. We are the first to discover that in STZ-induced diabetic rats the activation of mTOR mediates the upregulation of synapsin II and neurite outgrowth, both contributing to hyperalgesia. These findings may benefit the clinical therapy of PDN by provision of a novel target.

The traditional edge detection-based shoreline extraction method is severely disturbed by noise, and it is difficult to obtain a continuous coastline. In response to the above problems, we propose a coastline extraction method based on convolutional neural networks. Firstly, we replace the standard convolution with the Mini-Inception structure in the backbone network to extract multi-scale features of the object, and all the multi-scale features are concatenated. Then, we use the leaky-ReLU activation function instead of the ReLU activation function to avoid the problem that “dead” neurons cannot learn the effective features of remote sensing images. Finally, the network fully exploits multi-level information of objects to perform the image-to-image prediction. We carried out experiments on the remote sensing images of Jiaozhou Bay in Qingdao. The experimental results showed that our method could effectively extract the coastline automatically, and the producer's accuracy and the user's accuracy were higher than the comparison methods.

Apelin is hypothesized to serve a dual function in pain processing. Spinal administration of apelin induces hyperalgesia, while opioid receptors are implicated in the antinociceptive effects of apelin in acute nociceptive models. However, whether the apelin‑apelin receptor (APJ) system is involved in neuropathic pain remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact and mechanism of the spinal apelin‑APJ system in neuropathic pain. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve produced sustained spinal apelin and APJ upregulation, which was associated with mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia development in the hind‑paw plantar surface. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that apelin and APJ were localized to the superficial dorsal horns. In order to further clarify the function of the apelin‑APJ system, a single intrathecal administration of ML221, an APJ antagonist, was used; this transiently reduced CCI‑induced pain hypersensitivity. However, apelin‑13 (the isoform which binds most strongly to APJ) exhibited no effect on the nociceptive response, suggesting an essential role for the spinal apelin‑APJ system in neuropathic pain sensitization. The present study demonstrated that a single application of ML221 alleviated mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia 7 days following CCI, in a dose‑dependent manner. Intraspinal delivery of ML221, at the onset of and in fully‑established neuropathic pain, persistently attenuated CCI‑induced pain hypersensitivity, indicating that the apelin‑APJ system was involved in initiating and maintaining pain. It was demonstrated, using immunoblotting, that intrathecal ML221 downregulated phosphorylated extracellular signal‑related kinase (ERK) in the rat spinal cord dorsal horn, suggesting that the effect of apelin on neuropathic pain may be mediated via ERK signaling. The results of the present study suggested that the spinal apelin‑APJ system may drive neuropathic pain. Inhibition of APJ may provide novel pharmacological interventions for neuropathic pain.

Background To explore the effect and mechanism of miR-16-5p on neuron apoptosis and inflammatory response induced by spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Allen's weight-drop method and Basso Bcattie Bresnahan (BBB) rating scale were used to establish SCI rat model and assess locomotor function, respectively. Histopathology of SCI rats and Sham-operated rats was validated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. After intravenous injection of miR-16-5p agomir, miR-16-5p antagomir, pcDNA3.1-Apelin-13 or negative controls into SCI rat tails, neuron apoptosis and the expression of miR-16-5p, Apelin-13, apoptotic proteins, inflammatory response-related proteins and ERK1/2 pathway-related protein were detected. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was applied for identifying the binding between miR-16-5p and Apelin-13. Results SCI rats had locomotor impairment with markedly edema and hemorrhage. Upregulated miR-16-5p expression and downregulated Apelin-13 expression were presented in SCI rats. Intravenous injection of miR-16-5p antagomir or/and pcDNA3.1-Apelin-13 could increase the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Mcl-1) and p-ERK1/2 expression while decrease the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (cleaved caspase-3 and Bax) and inflammatory response-related proteins (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). The reverse pattern was shown in rats injected with miR-16-5p agomir. MiR-16-5p targeted Apelin-13. Promotion of miR-16-5p agomir on SCI was attenuated by injection of agomir + pcDNA3.1-Apelin-13. Conclusions Downregulation of miR-16-5p could upregulate Apelin-13 expression to activate ERK1/2 pathway, thus alleviating SCI-induced neuron apoptosis and inflammatory response.

IntroductionSpinal cord injury (SCI) alters the integrity of the spinal cord, which leads to loss of multiple organs’ function including locomotor function. The present study evaluates the protective effect of tabersonine against SCI.Material and methodsSCI was induced by traumatic injury and animals were treated with tabersonine 20 and 40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally for the period of 10 days. Tabersonine’s effect was determined by estimating locomotor and neurological function in spinal cord injured rats. Moreover, mediators of inflammation were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the effect of tabersonine on Notch/inflammasome signaling was estimated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis of neuronal cells was estimated by staining with Nissl stain on spinal cord tissue in SCI rats.ResultsData of the study suggest that neurological and motor functions were improved in the tabersonine treated group compared to the spinal cord injured (SI) group. There was a decrease in the mediators of inflammation in the spinal cord tissue of the tabersonine treated group compared to the SI group. Treatment with tabersonine ameliorates the altered expression of NICD, Nestin and Hes-1 protein and mRNA expression of Notch-1 and Hes-1 in the SCI rats. It was also observed that the tabersonine treated group showed activation of CREB and inhibition of the NLRP-3 pathway in SCI rats. Moreover, apoptosis of neuronal cells was reduced in the tabersonine treated group compared to the SI group.ConclusionsData of the investigation suggest that tabersonine protects against spinal cord injury by activating CREB and reducing NLRP3/Notch signaling.

Despite the consensus that activation of TWIK-related spinal cord K+ (TRESK) might contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pain, the specific mechanisms underlying the transfer and development of pain signals still remain obscure. In the present study, we validated that TRESK was expressed in neurons instead of glial cells. Furthermore, in the SNI model of neuropathic pain (NP), downregulation of TRESK in spinal cord neurons resulted in upregulation of connexin 36 (Cx36) and connexin 43 (Cx43), both being subtypes of gap junctions in the spinal cord, with gliocytes in the spinal cord activated ultimately. Compared with SNI rats, intrathecal injection of TRESK gene recombinant adenovirus significantly downregulated the expression levels of Cx36 and Cx43 and suppressed the activation of gliocytes in the spinal cord, with hyperalgesia significantly reduced. In conclusion, TRESK contributes to the pathogenesis of NP by upregulation of synaptic transmission and activation of gliocytes.

There is no standard method by which to establish a right one-lung ventilation (OLV) model in rabbits. In the present study, a novel method is proposed to compare with two other methods. After 0.5 h of baseline two-lung ventilation (TLV), 40 rabbits were randomly divided into sham group (TLV for 3 h as a contrast) and three right-OLV groups (right OLV for 3 h with different methods): Deep intubation group, clamp group and blocker group (deeply intubate the self-made bronchial blocker into the left main bronchus, the novel method). These three methods were compared using a number of variables: Circulation by heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP); oxygenation by arterial blood gas analysis; airway pressure; lung injury by histopathology; and time, blood loss, success rate of modeling. Following OLV, compared with the sham group, arterial partial pressure of oxygen and arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation decreased, peak pressure increased and lung injury scores were higher in three OLV groups at 3 h of OLV. All these indexes showed no differences between the three OLV groups. During right-OLV modeling, less time was spent in the blocker group (6±2 min), compared with the other two OLV groups (13±4 min in deep intubation group, P

Based on the resonance integral (RI) tables produced by the NJOY program, the conventional subgroup method usually ignores both the resonance elastic scattering and the resonance interference effects. In this paper, on one hand, to correct the resonance elastic scattering effect, RI tables are regenerated by using the Monte Carlo code, OpenMC, which employs the Doppler broadening rejection correction method for the resonance elastic scattering. On the other hand, a fast resonance interference factor method is proposed to efficiently handle the resonance interference effect. Encouraging conclusions have been indicated by the numerical results. (1) For a hot full power pressurized water reactor fuel pin-cell, an error of about +200 percent mille could be introduced by neglecting the resonance elastic scattering effect. By contrast, the approach employed in this paper can eliminate the error. (2) The fast resonance interference factor method possesses higher precision and higher efficiency than the conventional Bondarenko iteration method. Correspondingly, if the fast resonance interference factor method proposed in this paper is employed, the kinf can be improved by ∼100 percent mille with a speedup of about 4.56.

Two-dimensional materials have shown excellent optical, mechanical, thermal or magnetic properties, and have promising applications in the high performance electronic, optical, spintronic devices and energy transfer, energy storage, etc. Monolayer transition metal silicide CrSi2 has shown ferromagnetism and metal properties in previous studies, and it is expected to become a new two-dimensional material. The Ti, V, Co, Ni doped two-dimensional CrSi2 are studied with different doping concentrations by using the first-principal pseudopotential plane wave method based on density functional theory, and electronic structure, magnetic and optical properties are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the density of states in the two-dimensional CrSi2 system is asymmetric, and the crystal cells have obvious ferromagnetism with a magnetic moment of 3.55 μB. Two-dimensional CrSi2 has strong absorptivity and reflectivity in the far infrared and ultraviolet range, showing excellent optical properties.The electronic structures and magnetic properties of Ti, V, Co or Ni doped CrSi2 with different concentrations are calculated and analyzed, and the results show that the magnetic moment of the two-dimensional CrSi2 varies after doping different elements at a doping concentration of 3.70 at%. After doping Ti, the magnetic moment of the system changes to 0 μB at a doping concentration of 3.70 at%, showing that it is an indirect semiconductor. After doping V, the magnetic moment becomes smaller at a doping concentration of 3.70 at%, and the system has two degrees of freedom: electron charge and spin, showing the properties of diluted magnetic semiconductors. After doping Ni, the band gap Eg=0.09 eV appears in the spin-up band of the system at a doping concentration of 3.70 at%, while the spin-down band is metallic, and the system shows semi-metallic properties. The magnetic moment changes to 3.71 μB after doping Ti at a doping concentration of 7.41 at%. After doping Co and Ni, the magnetic moment of the system becomes smaller at the doping concentration of 7.41 at%, and the spin-down 3d orbital electrons of ferromagnetic elements take the dominant position. After doping Ni, the magnetic moment becomes 0.37 μB at the doping concentration of 7.41 at%. After doping Ti, the magnetic moment becomes 2.79 μB at a doping concentration of 33.3 at at%, after doping V, the magnetic moment becomes 2.27 μB, and the degree of spin becomes weaker at a doping concentration of 11.1 at%. After doping Co, the magnetic moment becomes 1.81 μB at the doping concentration of 11.1 at%. The magnetic moment becomes 1.5 μB after doping Ni at the doping concentration of 11.1 at%, which proves that the spin-up d orbital has less electronic contribution to the magnetic moment. The energy band range of each system is enlarged, and the interaction between atoms is enlarged, and the energy level splitting energy is enlarged at the doping concentration of 11.1 at%, which indicates that the effective mass of the system becomes smaller, the mobility of carriers turns stronger, and the metallization of materials grows stronger.The optical properties of Ti, V, Co or Ni doped CrSi2 with different concentrations are calculated and analyzed, and the results show that the two-dimensional CrSi2 after being doped has good optical properties. For most of systems, their optical properties are improved and blue-shifted at the doping concentrations of 3.70 at% and 7.41 at%, but the absorption peak is red-shifted at the doping concentration of 11.1 at%. By studying the properties of doped two-dimensional CrSi2, it is found that the two-dimensional CrSi2 has excellent electronic structure and optical properties, and the electronic structure, magnetic and optical properties of the two-dimensional CrSi2 can be effectively changed by doping. Two-dimensional CrSi2 is expected to be a promising material for preparing new high reliability and high stability spintronic devices, and the present research provides an effective theoretical basis for developing the two-dimensional CrSi2 based devices.

Deep learning has enabled substantial progress in crowd counting, but existing methods still face difficulties due to significant scale variations, severe occlusion, and overcrowding. To explicitly address these problems, we propose a crowd counting method based on the inverse attention residual network. Initially, the first 10 layers of VGG-16 with a strong transfer learning ability and a feature extraction ability are used as the front-end network for preliminary extraction of head features. Afterward, we use the inverse attention residual module to divide the background information and crowd information and retain the accurate pixel position information to reduce the impact of various types of noise in the input image. Finally, the mini multiscale dilated convolution is used as the backbone of the back-end network to perform the aggregation of feature maps, so the network can learn the details of heads at different scales and use the 1 × 1 convolutional layer to regress the feature maps to the density map. As a result, the above problems are resolved to a certain extent. Experimental results show that the mean absolute error and the mean square error of the proposed algorithm are significantly lower than those of the comparison algorithms.

Background: Studies have shown that perioperative inflammatory response is one of the important factors that caused postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Ulinastatin is a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor that inhibits inflammatory. We investigated the effects of ulinastatin on inflammatory response and early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery. Methods: This clinical trial was approved by the Xuanwu Hospital Ethical Committee (Registration number: ChiCTR-IPR-16008931). Sixty elderly patients undergoing elective spinal surgery with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status of I–II were randomized into ulinastatin and control groups; total intravenous anesthesia was performed. The elderly patients in ulinastatin group underwent intravenous infusion of ulinastatin 10,000 units/kg following anesthesia induction and before surgical incision, and 5000 units/kg on post-operative days 1 and 2. Cognitive function was determined with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test preoperatively and on post-operative day 7 by a neurologist. Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) concentration levels were measured at baseline, the end of surgery, and on post-operative days 1 and 3. Results: All elderly patients completed the study. Ulinastatin infusion significantly reduced the incidence of POCD in elderly patients undergoing spine surgery (ulinastatin group 16% vs. control group 43%, χ2 = 5.079, P = 0.024, P < 0.05). The elderly patients in ulinastatin group exhibited lower serum LPS, IL-6, CRP, and MMP-9 concentrations, as well as a shortened peak value duration, compared with those in the control group following surgery (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Systemic inflammation and translocation of LPS were inhibited by the infusion of ulinastatin in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery. The anti-inflammation intervention with ulinastatin can significantly improve the elderly patients’ postoperative cognitive function.

Accumulating evidences indicate the elevated expression of αB-Crystallin (Cryab) is implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the expression and biologic role of Cryab in osteosarcoma (OS) are still unknown. In this study, we showed that Cryab expression was elevated in OS tissues and cell lines, and down-regulation of Cryab in MG-63 and U-2OS cells led to a decline in the cells' aggressiveness, and reduced secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in vitro, and lower metastasis potential in vivo. Further study indicated that the Cryab expression was positively associated with the activity of ERK1/2 which is responsible for the cells' aggressiveness and MMP-9 secretion. Clinically, our data confirmed that the high level of Cryab was associated with shorten survival and tumor recurrence for the postoperative OS patients. Together, our results indicate that high level of Cryab is a new adverse outcomes marker for OS patients and may be used as a new therapeutic target.

Fentanyl and ketamine are often used as adjuvants in intravenous anaesthesia to prolong analgesia. The aim of this study was to compare changes of the basic physiological variables of intravenous lidocaine administration in combination with ketamine or fentanyl, and to evaluate the impact of addition of fentanyl or ketamine to lidocaine on serum lidocaine concentrations in dogs after intravenous administration. During general anaesthesia, dogs of group L received 2% lidocaine intravenously, dogs of group LF received 2% lidocaine and fentanyl, and dogs of the group LK received 2% lidocaine and ketamine. The heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure and rectal temperature decreased in all groups, and group LF showed the biggest effect on the basic physiological variables, with the lowest heart rate during the test, significantly decreased rectal temperature, and the most decreased values of arterial pressure. Blood for determination of serum lidocaine concentration was taken before anaesthesia and 5, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after initial intravenous injection of drugs. Fentanyl and ketamine did not cause significant changes of serum lidocaine concentration in dogs and may be used as adjuvant in intravenous anaesthesia without a significant increase in lidocaine absorption. Xylocaine, analgesia agent, cardiovascular system, canine

Emotion recognition represents the position and motion of facial muscles. It contributes significantly in many fields. Current approaches have not obtained good results. This paper aimed to propose a new emotion recognition system based on facial expression images. We enrolled 20 subjects and let each subject pose seven different emotions: happy, sadness, surprise, anger, disgust, fear, and neutral. Afterward, we employed biorthogonal wavelet entropy to extract multiscale features, and used fuzzy multiclass support vector machine to be the classifier. The stratified cross validation was employed as a strict validation model. The statistical analysis showed our method achieved an overall accuracy of 96.77±0.10%. Besides, our method is superior to three state-of-the-art methods. In all, this proposed method is efficient.

Multispectral imaging (MSI) based on imaging and spectroscopy, as relatively novel to the field of histopathology, has been used in biomedical multidisciplinary researches. We analyzed and compared the utility of multispectral (MS) versus conventional red–green–blue (RGB) images for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to explore the advantages of MSI in clinical-pathological diagnosis. The MS images acquired of IHC-stained membranous marker human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), cytoplasmic marker cytokeratin5/6 (CK5/6), and nuclear marker estrogen receptor (ER) have higher resolution, stronger contrast, and more accurate segmentation than the RGB images. The total signal optical density (OD) values for each biomarker were higher in MS images than in RGB images (all P 0.05). However, by quantifying MS images, the total signal OD values of HER2 positive expression were correlated with lymph node status and histological grades (P = 0.02 and 0.04). Additionally, the consistency test results indicated the inter-observer agreement was more robust in MS images for HER2 (inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.95, r s = 0.94), CK5/6 (ICC = 0.90, r s = 0.88), and ER (ICC = 0.94, r s = 0.94) (all P

Objective To investigate the distribution of HPV subtypes and analyze variation in infection trends during a 6-year period in Sichuan Province, China. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a center in Chengdu between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2014. Patients with at least one type of cervical disease confirmed by histology and cytology were eligible for inclusion. Cervical specimens were tested for the presence of high-risk and low-risk HPV subtypes by reverse membrane hybridization. Results Among 10 682 participants, 3370 women (31.5%) were infected with HPV. The most frequently detected high-risk genotypes were HPV16 (n = 791; 27.1%), HPV58 (n = 476; 16.3%), HPV33 (n = 273; 9.4%), HPV52 (n = 244; 8.4%), and HPV18 (n = 201; 6.9%). The most frequently detected low-risk genotype was HPV6 (n = 703; 40.8%). The detection rates of HPV33 (from 7.9% to 10.2%) and HPV58 (from 14.0% to 16.7%) increased over the 6-year period, whereas those of HPV16 (from 32.3% to 24.9%) and HPV18 (from 10.0% to 6.2%) decreased. The prevalence of HPV infection was highest among women aged 21–25 years (χ2 = 191.189; P Conclusion HPV58 and HPV33 were the most prevalent subtypes in Sichuan. Changes in the prevalences of infection with different HPV subtypes have been identified.

It is an inevitable phenomenon that flash is generated in the process of hypervelocity impact. The research on impact flash is of important significance for assessing the collision between space debris and spacecraft, identifying the material properties on the surface of planet, evaluating the damage of weapon system. A measurement system was built in order to acquire flash spectrum ranging in wavelength from 200 to 1100nm. The relationship between flash intensity and impact velocity was studied. The spectrum consists of line spectrum and continuous spectrum. Line spectrum mainly concentrates in the range of 200-500nm. The spectral lines of the elements were identified. The strong flash happens within 2.2ms after beginning to impact. In addition, the electron temperature of plasma produced in hypervelocity impact is calculated by spectral method, and compared with the temperature measured by Langmuir three probes.

In order to study the light ∞ash radiant intensity produced by strong shock on a 2A12 aluminum target at the same projectile incidence angles and difierent shock velocities, experimental measurements were conducted for light ∞ash phenomena of a 2A12 aluminum projectile impacting a 2A12 aluminum target under the conditions of difierent impact velocity and the same projectile incidence angles of 45 - by using an optical pyrometer measurement system and a two-stage light gas gun loading system. Experimental results show that the peak values of the light ∞ash radiant intensity for the wavelength of 550 nm are largest in the wavelength ranges of 600 nm, 650 nm and 700 nm when a 2A12 aluminum projectile impacts a double-layer 2A12 aluminum plate in the present experimental conditions.

A new approach to blind image quality assessment (BIQA), requiring no training, is proposed in this paper. The approach is named as blind image quality evaluator based on scales and works by evaluating the global difference of the query image analyzed at different scales with the query image at original resolution. The approach is based on the ability of the natural images to exhibit redundant information over various scales. A distorted image is considered as a deviation from the natural image and bereft of the redundancy present in the original image. The similarity of the original resolution image with its down-scaled version will decrease more when the image is distorted more. Therefore, the dissimilarities of an image with its low-resolution versions are cumulated in the proposed method. We dissolve the query image into its scale-space and measure the global dissimilarity with the co-occurrence histograms of the original and its scaled images. These scaled images are the low pass versions of the original image. The dissimilarity, called low pass error, is calculated by comparing the low pass versions across scales with the original image. The high pass versions of the image in different scales are obtained by Wavelet decomposition and their dissimilarity from the original image is also calculated. This dissimilarity, called high pass error, is computed with the variance and gradient histograms and weighted by the contrast sensitivity function to make it perceptually effective. These two kinds of dissimilarities are combined together to derive the quality score of the query image. This method requires absolutely no training with the distorted image, pristine images, or subjective human scores to predict the perceptual quality but uses the intrinsic global change of the query image across scales. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated across six publicly available databases and found to be competitive with the state-of-the-art techniques.

Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining is the routine diagnostic method for breast cancer (BC), and large amounts of HE stained histopathological images are available for analysis. It is emergent to develop computational methods to efficiently and objectively analyze these images, with the aim of providing potentially better diagnostic and prognostic information for BC. This work focus on analyzing our in-house HE stained histopathological images of breast cancer tissues. Since tumor nests (TNs) and stroma morphological characteristics can reflect the biological behaviors of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), accurate segmentation of TNs and the stroma is the first step towards the subsequent quantitative analysis. We first propose a method based on the pixel-wise support vector machine (SVM) classifier for segmenting TNs and the stroma, then extract four morphological characters related to the TNs from the images and investigate their relationships with the patients’ 8-year disease free survival (8-DFS). The evaluation result shows that the classification based segmentation method is able to distinguish between TNs and stroma with 87.1% accuracy and 80.2% precision, suggesting that the proposed method is promising in segmenting HE stained IDC histopathological images. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves show that three morphological characters (number of TNs, total perimeter, and average area of TNs) in the images have statistical correlations with 8-DFS of the patients, illustrating that the segmented images can help to identify new morphological factors in IDC TNs for the prediction of BC prognosis.

In this paper, we make the kinematics and dynamics analysis of a micro-robotic platform [3] driven by inertial force generated by eccentric masses. We establish the mathematical model and get the displacement, velocity and acceleration relationships of the platform. According to movement and stability requirements of the micro-robotic platform, we get a conclusion that the minimum angular velocity of the motor when the platform moves and the maximum angular velocity of the motor when the platform jumps.

An outbreak of norovirus GII.4/Sydney_2012 affected a China elder care facility in December 2012. A total of 39 elderly people and staff met the outbreak case definition. The attack rates in the elderly and the staff were 15.9% (31/195) and 23.2% (19/82), respectively, including 13 asymptomatic cases in the staff. The result of gene sequencing revealed that the outbreak was caused by norovirus GII.4 Sydney. The mode of transmission of this outbreak was proven to be person-to-person. The first case (a self-cared elder) was affected outside the elder care facility and was not isolated after returning. Norovirus was transmitted via close contact among the self-cared elderly. Then, through service-related close contact, the attendants promoted the cross-transmission between the self-cared elderly and the nursed elderly. The virus was also spread among the staff via daily contact. In the elder care facility, the asymptomatic cases in the attendants played an important role in the transmission of norovirus, which deserves high attention.

Chan Buddhism had become a reinvented popular Buddhist school of the Song dynasty, and it had also integrated with the indigenous culture of Song China. It had become an inseparable part of the indigenous Song culture of China and had exerted direct or indirect influence upon Chinese culture and even the mentality of most of the Chinese population.Thus, this paper taken Chan Buddhism in Song dynasty literati’s culture as its objects of research; in the paper, the research will be approached by focusing on four aspects: 1) the tea ceremony (chadao), 2) Chan poetry, 3) Chan painting, and 4) the art of calligraphy (shufa yishu).

The acoustic wave (AW) sensors can response to a physical, chemical, or biological stimulus in a sensitive and real-time manner, so they have drawn increasing attraction in recent years. Among the AW sensors, the piezoelectric ones show a lot of extraordinary merits such as high resolution, wide frequency and temperature ranges, high stability, low power consumption, and low cost, and they are able to sense many physical and chemical quantities such as temperature, pressure, mass, gas concentration, and liquid viscosity [1-3]. To date, many surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors [4], thin film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) [5], and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) [6] sensors have been reported as mass sensors. Compared to the former two types, BAW mass sensors are with the property of simple preparation process, easy to use, high temperature-tolerance, high repeatability and durability, and little damping, because neither the interdigitated transducers (IDTs) nor the functional piezoelectric thin film is needed. Therefore, piezoelectric BAW mass sensors that can be used at elevated temperature range are ideal devices for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) applications.

Buddhism was founded in the sixth century B.C., and Buddha images began with representations of Sakyamuni Buddha. After the Buddha’s pariniravana, Buddhism started to spread out of India to the north and south, passing through Central Asia, Japan, Korea, and so on. Following the spread of Buddhism, Buddha images have developed according to time period, geographic location, and cultural traditions of an area. Responding to religious belief, local craftsmen and artisans created differing Buddha images that were both imposing and tranquil in appearance. This paper intends to show an evolution of Buddha images from non-iconic to iconic times, and the variation in form, garments and decorations used. From these, we can see the many different styles used and varying appearances of the Buddha according to different people.