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Circadian misalignment has been associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity, as well as changes in metabolic parameters. This study evaluated the association between social jet lag (SJL), a measure of circadian misalignment, and anthropometric, metabolic and food intake outcomes 6 months after bariatric surgery. A total of 122 bariatric patients were included (77% female, aged 33 years (range 28–41); 79.5% underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass). Anthropometric, food consumption and SJL were evaluated in the preoperative evaluation and in the third and sixth months after surgery. SJL was calculated based on the absolute difference between the mid-sleep time on weekends and weekdays. Generalised estimating equations and linear regression were performed to evaluate the associations between mean SJL exposure and the outcomes. The interaction between SJL and follow-up time negatively influenced the evolution of weight (p = 0.01), BMI (p = 0.04) and insulin levels (p = 0.01). SJL had an effect on intake of calories (p = 0.001), carbohydrate (p = 0.005) and total (p = 0.007), monounsaturated (p = 0.03) and polyunsaturated fat (p

Plants have the ability to recognize and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses that are responsible for considerable yield losses in agriculture. Currently, a central goal of crop deployment is to develop the capacity to be tolerant to multiple stresses without a reduction in fitness. Still, many efforts to release such plants have failed because, frequently, there is a trade-off between growth and tolerance to stresses. Conventional breeding plays an essential role in crop improvement, but it is necessary to develop new tools, using for instance CRISPR, to produce new cultivars exhibiting tolerance to stress without significant yield penalty. In this short review we discuss novel strategies that can be employed to produce novel cultivars that would increase plant productivity without being hindered by potential negative effects of the immune response on plant development.

Helical milling is an advanced hole-making process and different approaches considering controllable variables have been presented addressing modelling and optimization of machining forces in helical milling. None of them considers the importance of the noise variables and the fact that machining forces components are usually correlated. Exploring this issue, this paper presents a multivariate robust modelling and optimization of cutting forces of the helical milling of the aluminum alloy Al 7075. For the study, the tool overhang length was defined as noise variable since in cavities machining there are specific workpiece geometries that constrain this variable; the controllable variables were axial feed per tooth, tangential feed per tooth and cutting speed. The cutting forces in the workpiece coordinate system were measured and the components in the tool coordinate system, i.e., the axial and radial forces, were evaluated. Since these two outcomes are correlated, the weighted principal component analysis was performed together with the robust parameter design to allow the multivariate robust modelling of the mean and variance equations. The normal boundary intersection method was used to obtain a set of Pareto robust optimal solutions related to the mean and variance equations of the weighted principal component. The optimization of the weighted principal component through the normal boundary intersection method was performed and the results evaluated in the axial and radial cutting forces components. Confirmation runs were carried out and it was possible to conclude that the models presented good fit with experimental data and that the Pareto optimal point chosen for performing the confirmation runs is robust to the tool overhang length variation. Finally, the cutting force models were also presented for mean and variance in the workpiece coordinate system in the time domain, presenting low error regarding the experimental test, endorsing the results. published

Helical milling is an eco-friendly hole-making process considering energy economy, tool inventory reduction, tool life cycle increase, set-up and non-productive times reduction due to tools changes and better borehole quality. In order to achieve the best results in terms of the sustainable manufacturing aspects energy, quality, and productivity, the present paper proposes to optimize the multi-objective helical milling process of the aluminum alloy Al 7075. With consideration to sustainable objectives, the axial cutting force component, related to energy consumption, the total roundness, related to borehole geometrical quality, and the material removal rate, related to productivity, were taken into account. The process factors axial and tangential feed per tooth and cutting velocity were selected, besides the noise factor tool overhang length, allowing to optimize bias and variance of cutting force and roundness together with the deterministic response material removal rate. In order to achieve a complete exploitation of the Pareto frontier, the new multi-objective optimization method augmented-enhanced normalized normal constraint method was proposed. It was obtained a set of Pareto optimal solutions for the mean square error of the axial cutting force, mean square error of the total roundness, and material removal rate, achieving the trade-off among energy, quality, and productivity. Therefore, different optimization scenarios were obtained, allowing to the experimenter the possibility of choice, guaranteeing a sustainable hole-making process. Furthermore, besides allowing the possibility of choosing different solutions, the TOPSIS decision-making approach was performed so that the best compromise solution was found among the Pareto optimal solutions. The helical milling of the aluminum alloy Al 7075 is presented as a green machining process.

Tripoli is a microcrystalline siliceous rock used to polish metals and precious stones. Its inhalation has been associated with increased prevalence of breathing complaints and pneumoconiosis. However, its acute human exposure has not been so far studied. We aimed at evaluating the putative mechanical, morphological, biochemical and inflammatory lung damage in mice acutely exposed to Tripoli dust. BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 2 groups: In control group (CTRL, n=6) animals received intratracheally (i.t.) 0.9% NaCl (50μl), while Tripoli group (TRIP, n=15) received 20mg of Tripoli powder diluted in 50μL of saline i.t. The experiments were done 15 days later. TRIP mice showed higher pulmonary mechanical impedance, polymorphonuclear cells, TNF-α, IL1-β and IL-6 than CTRL. TRIP presented granulomatous nodules containing collagenous fibers that occupied 35% of the lung tissue area. In conclusion, acute exposure to Tripoli dust triggered important lung damage in mice lungs that if found in human workers could trigger severe illness.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da suplementacao com Racao Humana sobre o peso, perfil lipidico, pressao arterial e glicemia, de ratos induzidos a obesidade, hipertensao arterial e dislipidemia. Materiais e metodos: Foram utilizados 27 ratos Wistar , machos, recem-nascidos, divididos em 3 grupos (n = 9), denominados Controle (C), Racao Humana (R) e Quinua Real (Q). Aos mesmos, foi administrado glutamato monossodico, para induzir obesidade e intolerância a glicose, sendo alimentados com dieta rica em colesterol e submetidos ao modelo cirurgico de Grollman modificado, para induzir a hipertensao arterial. A suplementacao com Racao Humana e quinua real foi feita durante 30 dias, sendo os produtos incorporados a racao padrao dos animais. Foram aferidos peso e pressao arterial e realizadas dosagens bioquimicas. Resultados: Houve reducao altamente significante do colesterol total do grupo R e do LDLc, tanto do grupo R quanto do grupo Q, quando comparados ao grupo C. Em relacao ao HDLc, houve aumento altamente significante, tanto com o tratamento com Racao Humana, quanto com quinua real. Por outro lado, ocorreu reducao significante da pressao arterial media (PAM) do grupo Q, em relacao ao grupo C e reducao provavelmente significante no peso corporal dos grupos R e Q, quando comparados ao C. Conclusao: O uso da Racao Humana mostrou-se benefico na diminuicao do colesterol total, do LDLc e do peso corporal, colaborando para o aumento do HDLc. A suplementacao com quinua real contribuiu para a diminuicao do LDLc, do peso e da PAM, alem de aumentar o HDLc. Palavras chave: Racao humana, quinua real, suplementacao.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos cardiovasculares, renais e hepáticos produzidos pela administração crônica de Ayahuasca em ratos hipertensos. Materiais e Métodos: Foram utilizados 27 ratos machos Wistar adultos. Realizou-se nefrectomia unilateral com compressão do parênquima renal, segundo o modelo de Grollman, para induzir hipertensão. Os ratos hipertensos foram divididos em 4 grupos, com os seguintes tratamentos por gavagem, durante 60 dias: Grupo C (n=7): dose típica (DT) de água uma vez por semana; Grupo A (n=7): DT de Ayahuasca uma vez por semana; Grupo T (n=6): DT de água diariamente; e Grupo Y (n=7): DT de Ayahuasca diariamente. Os ratos tiveram suas pressões aferidas uma vez por semana; após eutanásia, tiveram sangue colhido para análise laboratorial de função renal e hepática e foram reservados o fígado, rim e coração para análise histopatológica. Resultados: A administração de Ayahuasca não produziu alteração significativa nos padrões pressóricos, sistólicos e diastólicos, assim como parece não ter havido alteração histopatológica relevante; TGO e Uréia sérica apresentaram diferença significativa quando comparados os grupos Y e T. Discussão: Não há na literatura científica trabalhos semelhantes, porém os existentes corroboram para uma ação não tóxica do chá. Conclusão: O uso crônico de Ayahuasca em ratos hipertensos não causou alteração significativa da pressão arterial. Palavras Chave: Ayahuasca, Hipertensão arterial sistêmica, Ratos Wistar. Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular, renal and liver produced by chronic administration of Ayahuasca in hypertensive rats. Materials and Methods: 27 adult male Wistar rats. Unilateral nephrectomy was performed with compression of the renal parenchyma, according to the Grollman model, to induce hypertension. The hypertensive rats were divided into four groups, with the following treatments by gavage for 60 days Group C (n = 7): typical dose (DT) of water once a week, Group A (n = 7): DT ayahuasca once a week and Group T (n = 6): DT daily water and Group Y (n = 7): DT daily ayahuasca. Rats pressures were measured once a week and after euthanasia, blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis of renal and hepatic function. The liver, kidney and heart were reserved for histopathological analysis. Results: The administration of Ayahuasca produced no significant change in blood pressure patterns, systolic and diastolic, as seems to have been no significant histopathological changes; SGOT and serum urea showed significant differences when comparing the groups Y and T. Discussion: There are no similar studies in the scientific literature, but the existing ones corroborate for non-toxic action of the tea. Conclusion: Chronic use of Ayahuasca in hypertensive rats caused no significant change in blood pressure. Keywords: Ayahuasca, Hypertension, Wistar rats.

Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced emphysema is caused by a continuous inflammatory response in the lower respiratory tract. The development of the condition is believed to be mediated by oxidant–antioxidant imbalance. This paper describes the effects of long-term CS exposure on alveolar cell recruitment, antioxidant defense systems, activity of extracellular matrix metalloelastases, expression of metalloelastase MMP-12, and high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1). Ten C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to 12 cigarettes-a-day for 60 consecutive days, while 10 control animals were exposed to ambient air. After sacrifice, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was removed, and lung tissue underwent biochemical and histological analyses. In CS-exposed animals influx of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils into BALF, lung static elastance, and expression of MMP-12 and HMGB-1 were significantly increased while the activity of antioxidant enzyme was significantly reduced in comparison with control group. Thus, we demonstrated for the first time that long-term CS exposure decreased antioxidant defenses concomitantly with impaired lung function, which was associated with HMGB-1 expression.

Objetivos: Tracar o perfil das mulheres submetidas a exame mamografico em uma clinica particular do sul de Minas Gerais em 2007. Materiais e Metodos : Foram analisadas 3665 fichas com informacoes sobre as pacientes. Os dados coletados foram repassados para uma tabela do Excel ® , onde foram separados e contabilizados, sendo, posteriormente, transferidos para graficos e tabelas do mesmo programa. Resultados: A media das idades das pacientes foi de 50,1 anos e a maior parte delas se originava do Sistema Unico de Saude – SUS (63,44%). A paridade media foi de 2,9 filhos por mulher, sendo que a maioria amamentou (88,56%). Os laudos foram, em sua maioria, classificados em B1 e B2 (86,49%) e dentre os casos de antecedencia familiar de câncer de mama, destacou-se o de grau 3 (33,77%). 6,93% das pacientes apresentavam nodulo palpavel e 3,63%, secrecao papilar; apenas 8,98% faziam reposicao hormonal e 5,05% tomavam anticoncepcional oral; 20,22% eram fumantes e 16,40% das mesmas ja haviam realizado algum procedimento cirurgico anterior nas mamas. Conclusoes: As mulheres tem estado mais expostas a provaveis fatores de risco para o câncer de mama, embora demonstrem uma tendencia positiva em relacao ao auto cuidado. O exame mamografico pode nao ser tao eficaz, como unico exame, para o diagnostico dessa neoplasia. Palavras-chave: Neoplasias mamarias, fatores de risco, mamografia, BI-RADS ® , perfil das mulheres.