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Due to the highly dynamic and competitive environment, organizations are led to rethink their processes and strategies. In the industrial field, Lean Manufacturing (LM) is widely recognized as a traditional approach to eliminate waste in the value stream and ensure the efficiency of production processes. On the other hand, Industry 4.0 has recently emerged, incurring disruptive changes in manufacturing processes based on a technology-driven approach. The integration of these two philosophies to achieve organizational goals is interesting in order to guarantee competitiveness, especially for manu-facturing companies. This paper proposed an integration of LM tools and technologies 4.0, considering the perspectives of the industrial field in the digital era. Based on a three-step methodology, which included technological and industrial mapping, it was identified 25 synergy points. From interactions of LM tools mainly with Big Data Analytics, The Cloud, Virtual Simulation and Augmented Reality, multi-level circular diagrams pointed out the main contributions of Just in Time 4.0 (JIT 4.0), Kaizen 4.0, Kanban 4.0, Poka-Yoke 4.0, Value Stream Mapping 4.0 (VSM 4.0) and Total Productive Maintenance 4.0 (TPM 4.0). Also, five attributes of Lean 4.0 were identified, highlighting the integration between pro-cesses, devices and stakeholders; waste minimization; and autonomous, pointing to gains for the organization from this holistic integration approach.

Objective Serum levels of creatinine in neonates are quite variable and suffer interference from the immature kidney and maternal creatinine concentration. The aim of this study was to measure novel biomarkers of glomerular and tubular function in healthy preterm neonates at 72 h and 3 weeks of life. Methods Urine samples were collected in 40 preterm neonates with 28–34 incomplete weeks of gestational age. None of the participants had comorbidities, malformations and infections. The samples were collected at 72 h of life and at 3 weeks after birth. Measurements of Calbindin, Collagen IV, FABP1, αGST, IP-10, KIM-1, Osteoactivin, Renin, TFF-3, TIMP-1, α-1-Microglobulin, Albumin, Clusterin, Cystatin C, EGF, Lipocalin-2/NGAL and Osteopontin were performed using panels 1 and 2 of multiplex kits of kidney injury. Data were analyzed using the software GraphPad Prism version 6.0. Results The preterm neonates included 55% of males with gestational age of 30 ± 1 weeks. The most frequent maternal condition associated with preterm birth was preeclampsia (80%). Molecules related to glomerular function showed a significant increase in the concentrations obtained at 3 weeks of life compared to 72 h of life. Markers related to tubular injury (KIM-1 and NGAL) also showed an increase. On the other hand, cystatin C did not change. Conclusion The elevation of molecules related to glomerular function indicates an increase of glomerular filtration rate from 72 h up until 3 weeks of life, which was not clearly detected with the measurement of cystatin C.

A Sociedade 5.0 tem como objetivo a promocao da qualidade de vida dos cidadaos, reduzindo desigualdades e promovendo a sustentabilidade social, economica e ambiental atraves da tecnologia e digitalizacao promovidas pela Industria 4.0. Neste contexto, redesenhar as cadeias de producao e de valor que levam alimentos ate as cidades pode colaborar para a geracao do bem-estar. Esse projeto visou identificar as relacoes entre os pilares da Industria 4.0, Sociedade 5.0 e da agricultura urbana (AU), bem como tracar um diagnostico das potencialidades e uso do territorio urbanizado como meio de producao de alimentos e promocao de servicos socioambientais. Conduziu-se uma revisao sistematica da literatura, analisando-se 112 trabalhos relacionados aos temas, que evidenciaram o uso de Internet of Things, automacao, aquisicao de dados e integracao tecnologica como forma de promocao e AU no contexto de uma sociedade superinteligente. Tambem se evidencia o potencial da AU no fornecimento de alimentos. Este trabalho oferece um entendimento mais profundo das relacoes entre tecnologia e os sistemas alimentares urbanos, servindo como base na proposicao de novas arquiteturas para esse sistema.

Faced with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the organizational environment will undergo profound changes in scale, connection, and complexity of the value chain. In this scenario, quality management takes a central role due to rising customer expectations, global competition, and digital transformation as part of organizational objectives, strategies, and policies. Therefore this chapter proposes a framework to measure the Quality 4.0 maturity of companies that are adapting to the new paradigm of Industry 4.0. The framework covers the assessment of 11 organizational dimensions and the maturity degree is represented by five stages of evolution. In order to allow the company to monitor the alignment between Quality and Industry 4.0, a systematic application of the framework was suggested based on a numerical approach to scenario prediction. Also, the instrument was applied to two Brazilian production plants of large German multinational industries (energy and automotive sector) identifying weaknesses and potentialities that were widely discussed in the chapter. The Quality 4.0 framework can be applied for scientific or practical purposes and showed an assertive and easy use to map the quality in companies in the process of implementation of Industry 4.0 practices and technologies.

The evolution of the industry has always brought innovations to the processes and changes in the way people deal with their activities. In the fourth industrial revolution, known as industry 4.0, intelligent data processing, the internet of things, and artificial intelligence technologies were integrated into the process of making industries more and more innovative, but, in this revolution, there are new risks that need to be evaluated before their impacts become irreversible. From this perspective, it is interesting to discuss the ethical cost associated with the application of 4.0 technologies, especially the artificial intelligence that has been used across the board in different areas of the economy and society. Therefore, this article aimed to develop a bibliometric analysis based on the ethical impacts associated with artificial intelligence. To this end, an exploratory and descriptive study was developed, based on the collection and statistical treatment of secondary data. This study’s main contribution refers to pointing out trends, based on academic communication statistics through publications available for consultation, to guide the definition and implementation of principles that aim to mitigate or eliminate impacts ethical issues associated with the use of artificial intelligence.

In the face of facts that challenge public health globally, such as population aging and pandemic, the health sector is of particular importance. Integrating processes, devices, workers, and services through large automated networks, Fourth Industrial Revolution strongly encourages intelligent manufacturing associated with disruptive changes, impacting sectors of the economy such as the healthcare segment. Therefore, the term Health 4.0 is emerging connected with advances in applying digital technologies in management, productivity, research, and development in the medical industry. This paper aimed to characterize Heath 4.0 through the design of a conceptual approach to evaluate the application of digital technologies in the health segment. A literature study process was used to identify the Industry 4.0 principles emphasizing the healthcare sector based on a three-step methodology, including observation, categorization, and association phases. Also, a technological mapping was developed to qualify the concept of Health 4.0 according to the leading technologies 4.0. It was identified that the Internet of Things, Big Data Analytics, Automated Guided Vehicles, Additive Manufacturing, and Augmented Reality are supporting health digitization. A multilevel circular diagram was developed to highlight the gains of each technology 4.0 in the health domain, suggesting the increase of interconnectivity between agents and devices, analysis of medical data in real-time, interventions based on parameters, heath customization, professional training, among others. The standardization of information and technological mapping developed in this research can contribute from an industrial and academic perspective to the area.

The advent of digital technologies has led to the emergence of a new industrial scenario, where machines and processes are connected and communicate through the exchange of information in real-time. Project management is inserted in this scenario of changes linked to the Fourth Industrial Revolution and is considered a strategic area in organizations, directly linked to the company’s competitiveness. In this context, project management will be impacted by significant changes in the digital age, bringing reflections on traditional management and the project manager’s role. This paper aimed to propose a conceptual design of the project manager’s competencies in the digital era. To this end, an exploratory and descriptive study was developed, with a qualitative approach and a bibliographic strategy. The study pointed out that the project leader inserted in the context 4.0 will need to develop skills related to flexibility and adaptation to changes, knowledge linked to the application of technologies 4.0, and attitudes that promote problem-solving through teamwork and cooperation. This study’s results can mainly benefit organizations and managers in order to direct the formation of new skills for professionals in the project area.

Lean manufacturing (LM) has become the leading approach to develope efficient processes in the industry since the early 1990s. Nowadays, LM is widely recognized and accepted in organizational configuration and refers to the integration of employees in the manufacturing process, which is focused on continuous improvement and value-adding activities to avoid waste. However, a new paradigm called Industry 4.0 has recently emerged in the manufacturing sector, based on intelligent systems and integrations between machines, products, information, and individuals across the value chain. In this context, this work aimed to study how these two approaches can coexist and support each other in the digital era. Through the systematic literature review, data standardization was developed to identify how LM can integrate with a productive environment based on smart factories, cyber-physical systems, IoT, and IoS. To study the principles, technologies, and attributes from Industry 4.0 and LM, it was used the academic databases Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, with a time restriction for articles publication from 2012 to 2018. Among the results, it was observed that three relationship perspectives were identified, consisting of (i) LM as an Industry 4.0 facilitator, (ii) the potentiation of Lean Manufacturing by smart factories, (iii) and the mutual correlation between Industry 4.0 and LM. Based on the interpretation of these perspectives, it was concluded that while smart factories will facilitate and encourage the promotion of Lean principles, LM will be the base to implement and manage the changes which came with the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

There is an increase in the number of individuals with disorders related to the spine and such dysfunction is classified as the second most common factor of leave in companies. Thus, this work is based on physical ergonomics and its relationship with musculoskeletal diseases alleged by workers of a multinational food industry, which was used as a study model. This research was conducted in the administrative area and on the factory floor of the model company, applying the validated Portuguese version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, as well as observational methods, which aimed to better understand the processes of the industry regarding ergonomic scratches. Among the results, a difference was observed between the distributions of the body regions with the highest incidence of pain, so that, in the body sector, the discomforts were located mostly in the neck (75%), while in the factory pain was found mainly in the upper limbs. shoulders (40%), hip (14%), ankle/feet (14%) and upper back (14%). The observations made in loco corroborate the data obtained by the research instrument since there was excess load lifting (factory), excessive static work, repetition of tasks, improper posture, among others. As an optimization proposal, it is suggested the creation of a work gymnastics program and the use of quick massage, so that workers can perform better in their daily routines based on well-being, health, and safety.

Countries with emerging pharmaceutical market (pharmerging countries) has gained prominence in the international scenario because they are identified as the future responsible for the sustainable growth of the new medicines sale. However, there are still few studies focused on these regions, and it is of extreme interest to assess whether these countries are exploring their domestic markets. In this work, a technological and industrial mapping of the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical segment were developed through the analysis of patents data extracted from the Derwent World Patent Index platform (Thomson Reuters Scientific) as well as the association of R&D report. In the pharmaceutical scenario, the importance of European and North American industries stands out, mainly Novartis (1,402 patents) and Roche (1,380 patents), which are the pharmaceutical industries that most invested in R&D in 2017, suggesting a positive correlation between R&D and pharma innovation. For biopharmaceutical patents, the importance of Merck and the German company Sartorius Bioprocess Solutions, both with about 74 protections, stands out. The total of biopharma patents refer to only 2.2% of total pharmaceutical protections, suggesting that biopharmaceutical sector still has much to advance in innovation. Also, it was conclude that pharmerging countries, like China and Brazil, are not represented by the companies that most invest in R&D, nor do they currently stand out among the largest holders of pharma or biopharma patents, showing low exploration of emerging market opportunity.

In a rapidly changing business environment, companies are continually striving to increase productivity and maintain competitiveness. Projects become the delivery mechanism for the products and services of these organizations, which use more and more knowledge workers who benefit from accumulated knowledge and learn from other projects. Thus, the transfer of knowledge, in the area of strategic management, has an important role in the integration of knowledge to optimize the delivery of products and services. This study aimed to identify the best practices of knowledge transfer and evaluate if they are applicable in project management. For this, a theoretical survey was carried out identifying the knowledge transfer practices and, later, a instrument was developed, which was applied to the Brazilian project management community. The data treatment involved the application of test of Equal Variances and One Way ANOVA to prioritize results. There were 365 responses and the dimensions Culture, Leadership and Communication were identified as the most relevant for the transfer of knowledge in project management, being critical success factors among the members of the project team.

Much has been debated about training, skills, and abilities of the Engineer 4.0. However, the cognitive aspects that are intrinsic to this new paradigm are not considered in these analyses. Therefore, this work aimed to study the Industry 4.0 under a macro, based on standardization of information, and a micro vision focused on cognitive ergonomics. Industry 4.0 attributes pointed to an increasing industry complexity in the midst of a technological virtualization process, requiring faster and assertive decisions in the face of a wide range of information. It was found that the Engineer 4.0 will be in charge of the solution of increasingly interdisciplinary problems in a digital environment, requiring denser cognitive efforts and more accurate social-emotional skills, such as communication, motivation, autonomy, perseverance, resilience, collaboration and creativity.

Resumo Historicamente, o cenário farmacêutico mundial tem sido dominado por grandes multinacionais (Big Pharma), majoritariamente de origem europeia e norte-americana. Contudo, é consenso na literatura a importância crescente dos mercados farmacêuticos emergentes (países farmaemergentes), especialmente China e Brasil, que são vistos como os maiores responsáveis pelo crescimento sustentável do segmento farmacêutico. Esse artigo teve como objetivo realizar um mapeamento tecnológico e industrial do setor farmacêutico, a partir de informações de bancos de dados patentários internacionais (WIPO e Derwent), entre 1996 até o último ano de registro (2013). Utilizando-se o Método dos Mínimos Quadrados e implementação de um algoritmo no MATLAB, desenvolveram-se previsões para o período 2014-2018. Os resultados obtidos atestaram a liderança da Europa e dos EUA no setor, destacando-se o índice de inovação da Hoffmann-La Roche; a participação expressiva da China; e a pouca contribuição do Brasil no âmbito mundial. Todavia, estimou-se uma tendência de crescimento acentuado no número de proteções concedidas ao Brasil (41%) e à China (27%), apontando um alcance, até 2036, dos índices de patenteamento chineses aos números dos atuais líderes mundiais, trazendo a esperança da difusão tecnológica e científica e do aumento da competitividade no segmento farmacêutico. Abstract The pharmaceutical sector has been dominated by multinational companies from Europe and the USA - the so called Big Pharma. However, the importance of pharmaceutical emerging markets, especially China and Brazil, is a consensus in the literature, and these ‘pharmerging’ countries will play a vital role in the sustainable growth of the pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to develop a technological and industrial mapping of the pharmaceutical sector based on information from international patent databases (WIPO and Derwent) between 1996 and the last year of record (2013). After that, a numerical analysis for prediction of scenarios was conducted using the Method of Least Squares and an algorithm was implemented in MATLAB. The results confirmed the leadership of Europe and the USA in the pharmaceutical sector, highlighting the innovative capacity of Hoffmann-La Roche. However, an important growth of Brazilian (41%) and Chinese (27%) patents was estimated, suggesting the beginning of technological and scientific dissemination and increased competition in the pharmaceutical segment due to the advancement of the ‘pharmerging’ countries, mainly China.

Countries with emerging pharmaceutical market (pharmerging countries) has gained prominence in the international scenario because they are identified as the future responsible for the sustainable growth of the new medicines sale. In this work, a technological and industrial mapping was developed through the analysis of patent data extracted from the Derwent World Patent Index, as well as an association with R&D reports. Pharmerging countries were not represented by the industries that most invest in R&D, nor do they stand out in patent protection, poiting to low exploitation of their markets and inexpressive innovation indices. It is suggested that the pharmerging countries adopt public policies aimed at the innovation generation, especially in the biopharmaceutical segment that has proven to have much to be explored, in order to gain a competitive advantage

The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between the direct (number of patents) and the indirect (customer satisfaction) impacts of R & D investments in electrical sector. There is a strong correlation between the innovation rate and customer satisfaction in U.S. However, it isn’t possible to verify the same situation in Brazil, possibly due to customer satisfaction only be perceived in a long term, while the innovation process exploration is recent in Brazil. These results contribute to R & D public policies maintenance in Brazil. Nonetheless, it is necessary to provide mechanisms to measure the R&D programs results and to facilitate the interaction between different actors in the innovation process.

Arthritics diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are chronic inflammatory and one of the most prevalent health conditions that cause disability (pain and functional limitation of joints). Despite the research advances, the treatment of those pathological conditions remains ineffective, since the pharmacological therapy is palliative, reducing only the symptoms and, in some cases, the chronic progression of the disease. In this context, the development of new formulations for controlled release would be interesting for reducing the number of injections and would also increase the patient compliance. In this article, we present a review of the cyclodextrin (CD)-based delivery systems focusing from conventional guest-host inclusion complexes and CD-polysulphates, until supramolecular architectures such as drug-CD-polymers conjugates, pseudorotaxanes, hydrogels as well as double-carrier systems and other systems. In particular, this article focuses the main CD-based delivery systems described in the literature emphasizing their possible administration by intra-articular route on the treatment of arthritic diseases, concentrating on their development and also performance as in vivo experimental therapeutic systems.