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Malacoplakia is an inflammatory lesion which can affect any organ in the body but predominantly affects the genitourinary system and mainly the bladder. Malacoplakia of the bladder has variable presentations and is associated with urinary infection or immunosuppression. Mullerianosis of the bladder is a rare lesion that consists of two out of the three tissues, endometriosis, endocervicosis, or endosalpingiosis. It is usually associated with a previous cesarean section or pelvic surgery. The diagnosis is confirmed on histopathological examination. Malacoplakia and mullerianosis are usually isolated lesions of the bladder. We present a unique case of coexistence of malacoplakia and mullerianosis in the urinary bladder, reported for the first time in the literature.

Objectives There is an increased risk of vascular complications in kidney transplant for allografts with multiple renal arteries versus a single renal artery. We compared the clinical outcomes of living donor kidney transplant recipients who received allografts with a single renal artery versus multiple renal arteries. Materials and methods This retrospective analysis included all living-related donor kidney transplants that were performed by a single skilled urologist. All donor nephrectomies were performed by open method. The left kidney was preferred over the right for donor nephrectomy, except in cases of vascular problems or other contraindications, for which the right kidney was preferred. In most of the cases, kidneys were placed in the right iliac fossa for transplant by an extraperitoneal approach. Results Of 97 living donor kidney transplants, 82 had a single renal artery (group 1) and 15 had multiple renal arteries (group 2). Patients ranged in age from 18 to 76 years old. Recipient ages (33.00 vs 29.46 years) and baseline serum creatinine values (8.61 vs 8.82 mg/dL) were comparable in groups 1 and 2 (P > .05). However, mean operative time and total ischemia time were significantly higher in the multiple renal artery group (221 and 53.45 minutes, respectively) compared with the single renal artery group (202 and 77.6 minutes, respectively). Graft survival at 1 year was 95.12% in the single renal artery group and 93.33% in the multiple renal artery group. Patient survival at 1 year was 96.34% in the single renal artery group and 93.33% in the multiple renal artery group. Conclusions The safety of kidney transplants of allografts with multiple renal arteries is equal to the safety of transplants of allografts with a single renal artery in terms of vascular complications and acute tubular necrosis, as well as patient and graft survival.

Objective We aimed to established normal uroflowmetric values and subsequently derived nomograms of maximum flow rate (Qmax) and average flow rate (Qavg) against voided volume (VV) in children aged 5–15 years at our institute. Methods A total of 440 children underwent uroflowmetric evaluation with no history of urological, renal, psychiatric or neurological disorder between 5 and 15 years of age. Each subject data regarding maximum flow, average flow, flow time, VV, flow time along with age, weight, height were recorded. Of the 440 children around 300 (68%) children could produce a normal flow rate and VV of more than 50 mL. Of the remaining 140 (32%) children, 50% voided less than 50 mL, and remaining 50% had abnormal voiding pattern, staccato or interrupted (21% each), and plateau or tower shaped (3.57% each). Cases were divided into two age groups 5–9 years and 10–15 years and uroflowmetric analysis was done between boys and girls in both age groups to derive nomograms of Qavg and Qmax. Results Maximal and average flow nomograms were plotted for boys and girls. Mean maximal flow rate for boys was 16.68 mL/s and for girls, 20.69 mL/s. The mean Qavg values were 11.04 mL/s and 8.60 mL/s respectively for girls and boys. The Qmax and Qavg values were higher in girls. There was significant increase in flow rates with increasing age, body surface area and VV in both sexes. Conclusions Nomograms for maximal and Qavg maybe a useful tool in evaluation of lower urinary tract disturbances in children.

The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is around 3% of all cancers. Venous tumor thrombus (VTT) formation and migration are unique aspects of RCC with an incidence of 4%–10%. Venous extension into the renal vein, inferior vena cava, and cardiac extension have been well documented in RCC. Various surgical approaches, including a cardiopulmonary bypass for tumor embolus extraction, may be needed. However, VTT extending into the lumbar vein at the initial presentation is very rare. We hereby report such rarity of RCC presentation of VTT involving renal vein and lumbar vein in a 50-year-old male.

The problem of community detection in complex networks has established an increased amount of interest since the past decade. Community detection is a way to discover the structure of network by assembling the nodes into communities. The grouping performed for the communities encompasses denser interconnection between the nodes than community’s intra-connections. In this paper a novel nature-inspired algorithmic approach based on Ant Lion Optimizer for efficiently discovering the communities in large networks is proposed. The proposed algorithm optimizes modularity function and is able to recognize densely linked clusters of nodes having sparse interconnects. The work is tested on Zachary’s Karate Club, Bottlenose Dolphins, Books about US politics and American college football network benchmarks and results are compared with the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Enhanced Firefly algorithm (EFF) approaches. The proposed approach outperforms EFF and ACO for Zachary and Books about US politics and produces results better than ACO for Dolphins and EFF for American Football Club. The conclusion drawn from experimental results illustrates the potential of the methodology to effectively identify the network structure.

Background: Stent-related symptoms affect nearly 80% of patients with indwelling ureteral stents. Alpha blockers relieve flank pain by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors and relaxing the smooth muscles of ureter, trigone, and prostatic urethra, thus reducing bladder outlet resistance and voiding pressure, whereas mechanism of anticholinergic drugs involves relief of involuntary bladder contractions that are mediated by muscarinic receptors. We have compared alpha blocker and anticholinergic drugs in reducing stent discomfort. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from March 2017 to February 2018. A total of 100 patients with unilateral double-J ureteral stenting were randomized, postoperatively into two groups: tamsulosin 0.4mg daily (Group I) and tolterodine 4mg daily (Group II). Results: The mean age was 39.1 years in Group I and 38.0 years in Group II. The male:female ratio in Group I and Group II was 1.38:1 and 1:1, respectively. There was statistically significant difference in urinary symptom score, pain score, and general health score between the two groups in favor of Group I (tamsulosin 0.4mg) at 1week post-stenting and 4 weeks (at stent removal). Conclusion: Oral medication, with uroselective alpha blockers, in patients with indwelling stents reduces stent-related symptoms and negative impact on quality of life.

In this paper, a simple method is presented for direct torque compensation by fuzzy based feed-forward control technique, which provides advance speed control for three-phase induction motor. To achieve better dynamic performance of induction motor cascade design is implemented with direct torque control (DTC) technique with two different methods, conventional and fuzzy logic are used to compare the better performance of the control system. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) provides better and smooth speed control. The speed control technique is implemented using a new generation digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320F28335 with a high sampling rate to make it possible to achieve good dynamics. The Result shows the supremacy of the FLC in controlling three-phase induction motor with DTC technique.