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A four-year-old, intact, female Anatolian Shepherd dog was presented with a three-day vaginal prolapse and anuria. She was lethargic, dehydrated, tachycardic, and blood analysis showed leukocytosis and azotemia. Ultrasonographic examination demonstrated that the urinary bladder was located in the prolapsed vaginal tissue. Ultrasound-guided cystocentesis was performed to empty the obstructed bladder and intravenous fluid therapy was instituted. When the dog was deemed cardiovascularly stable, a caudal midline celiotomy incision was made. Through gentle retraction of the uterus, the colon descendens and the bladder were placed back to their normal positions. After resolution of the cervical invagination, the cervix was pexied to the abdominal wall to prevent recurrence and ovariohysterectomy was performed. The dog made an uneventful recovery and had normal urination at the one month follow-up. Chronic vaginal prolapse can be complicated by a retroflexed urinary bladder with urethral obstruction leading to life-threatening azotemia. Ultrasonography of the prolapsed tissues contributes greatly to early diagnosis of complicated cases.

WOS: 000472046500004, Degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is the leading cause of cardiac disease and heart failure in the dog. Advanced age, breed and male gender are well-known risk factors for DMVD. The incidence of the disease in German Shepherds seems to be noteworthy. Early diagnosis of DMVD is related to the identification of a left apical systolic murmur, characteristic of MR in a dog. Dogs with DMVD had a low frequency of arrhythmias compared to other cardiac conditions. The goal of the study was (i) to evaluate the age and gender incidences of the asymptomatic Anatolian Shepherd Dogs (ASHs) with DMVD and, (ii) to investigate the importance of its clinical, radiological, electrocardiographic (ECG) findings and the correlations of those with some echo cardio logical measurements. 35 healthy ASHs (control group) and 38 ASHs with DMVD (experimental group) were used as the materials. The severity of cardiac disease was classified according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) consensus statement. Thirty two dogs (84.2%) were males and 6 dogs (15.8%) were females in the experimental group. The median age, the intensity of heart murmur and the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR) of the B2 dogs were bigger (p 0.05). The intensity of murmur was correlated to left ventricle to aorta ratio (LA/Ao) and it was not correlated (P>0.05) to MVLs, vertebral heart scale (VHS), ECG findings and regurgitant jet area to LA area ratio (ARJ/LAA). The correlations between ECG findings and VHS, along with, LA/Ao and ARJ/LAA were positive (P

The aim of this study was to cast a spotlight on the topography and to point out the clinical importance of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) in Anatolian Shepherd dogs. Nine Anatolian Shepherd dogs were used to study the morphology of the GEJ. The esophagus was appeared has a portion within the thoracic cavity while no portion of the esophagus presented within the abdominal cavity that documented the absence of the intra-abdominal portion in all studied dogs. The topographic anatomy, scanning electron and light microscopic examinations revealed that the gastroesophageal junction was located at the level of the phrenico-esophageal ligament (PEL) inside the esophageal hiatus. Our results were distinguished the morphology of the esophageal and gastric cardiac mucosa at the level of the gastroesophageal junction by the scanning electron micrographs. The light microscopical examination was explained the PEL attached to the esophageal side in one dog and to the gastric cardiac side in three dogs.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis) is one of the idiopathicimmune-mediated small-vessel vasculitides described in humans which are characterised bythe presence of circulating antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. It most commonly involvescapillaries, venules and arterioles of the ear, nose and throat, lungs and glomeruli. A caseof destructive haemopurulent rhinitis associated with relapsing periods of pyrexia, lethargyand stiffness as well as generalised pulmonary infiltrates in a young Anatolian shepherddog is presented that closely resembles granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) as reportedin humans. Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) were detectedin the dog’s serum. Signs resolved promptly and completely once immunosuppressivedoses of prednisone were administered, and have not recurred. This is the first report onthe use of pANCA to investigate rhinitis in dogs. It is also, to the authors’ knowledge,the first description of a relapsing haemopurulent lytic rhinitis in this species. Theconcurrent manifestations of erosive haemopurulent rhinitis, ground-glass opacities onpulmonary computed tomography, pyrexia and listlessness resemble GPA as described inhumans.

Ankyloglossia, commonknown as tongue-tie, is a rare congenital oral anomaly in dogs. A complete attachment of the lingual frenulum to the floor of the oral cavity leads to limited mobility of the tongue including problems during eating and swallowing. In humans ankyloglossia is a common anomaly in newborn infants. In our report a 5-month old Anatolian Shepherd dog was surgically treated and full function of the tongue could be achieved with a horizontal-to-vertical frenuloplasty.

A two-year-old intact male Anatolian shepherd dog presented with a one-month history of bilateral hindlimb lameness and digital necrosis. Supportive evidence of systemic arterial parasitism included ultrasonographic findings of parallel hyperechoic thrombi in the femoral arteries consistent with the presence of nematodes. Worms retrieved during arteriotomy were identified as adult Dirofilaria immitis using light and scanning electron microscopy. Treatment included adulticidal therapy, bilateral femoral arteriotomies and finally, bilateral amputation at the level of the tarsocrural joints followed by external coaptation with walking bars. This is the 10th reported case of femoral arterial dirofilariasis causing clinical disease in a dog, and the first in which bilateral amputation was performed. Systemic arterial dirofilariasis should be on the list of differential diagnoses for any animal in a heartworm endemic area that presents with hindlimb lameness or necrosis, especially if the animal has weak femoral pulses.

A 4-year old, primiparous, female Anatolian Shepherd dog was presented for evaluation of type II vaginal prolapse with alopecia of the left perineal skin. Hematological analyses demonstrated leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were 156 pg/mL and 2.3 ng/mL, respectively. The vaginal smear was predominantly (at least 80%) made up of anuclear superficial cells. An abdominal ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneous multicystic mass with anechoic areas adjacent to the caudal pole of the left kidney. An ovariohysterectomy was performed. Ten days after the surgery, the prolapsed vagina was completely regressed. A histopathological examination of the ovarian mass demonstrated that it was a granulosa cell tumor. Kangal ırkı 4 yaşlı, daha önce bir doğum yapmış dişi bir köpek sol perineal bölgede alopesi ile birlikte prolapsus vajina tip II şikayetleri ile Doğum kliniğine getirildi. Kan muayenesinde lökositosis ve trombositopeni tespit edildi. Östradiol (E2) ve progesteron (P4) seviyeleri sırasıyla 156 pg/mL ve 2.3 ng/mL idi. Vajinal smearda anükleer süperfi siyel hücreler (en az % 80) baskın hücre topluluğunu oluşturduğu dikkati, çekti. Ultrasonografi de sol böbreğin kaudaline yakın anekoik alanlar içeren heterojen multikistik bir kitle gözlendi. Overiohisterektomi sonrası operasyondan 10 gün sonra prolapsus vajinanın tamamen gerilediği görüldü. Ovaryumun histopatolojik muayenesinde granulosa hücre tümörü teşhis edildi.

The aim of present study was to investigate testosteronepatterns before and after GnRH injection and to determined the effieacy ofGnRH on indueing libido activity in male Anatolian shepherd dogs.A GnRH- analogue (Buserelin) was administered at the dosage of 25 /Lgto 2 to 5- years old intramusculGlY, 6 pure breed Anatolian shepherd maledogs. Peripheral plasnıa testosterone concentrations (T) were measured beforeand after GnRH injections. Blood sanıples were taken before GnRH injectionand after GnRH injection every 60 nıin for a period of 3h. Plasma testosteroneconcentrati01IS were deternıined by the radioimmunoassay. Before GnRHinjections, plasma T leve/s were obtained 2.4:1:1.6 ng/nıl. T levels were obtained 5AH.05, 3.2i:l. L. 3.0iO.8 ng/ml respectively. 1h, 2h and 3h after the iI~iection.According to the results, T leve/s of all the dogs reached the maximum levellh after GnRH injections (PO.OOl). We concluded that GnRH teratment inducedtransitory inLTeases in the testosterone concentration in pure breed Anatolianshepherd male dogs and it has been proved that this procedure may be helpfulin order to stimulate libido for breeding dogs to a great extent.