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The article presents the results of mathematical modeling of the initial stage of the combustion of wood and coal particles in conditions corresponding to the combustion chambers of boiler units of thermal power plants. A hypothesis is formulated that describes the sequestration of anthropogenic sulfur oxides (SOx) under the conditions of combustion of mixed fuels based on coal and wood as a result of the interaction of water vapors (formed during the evaporation of interporeal and adsorbed biomass moisture) with SOx with the formation of sulfuric (H2SO4) acid vapors. When these vapors of sulfuric acid H2SO4 interact with iron oxides of the mineral part of the coal. To test the formulated hypothesis, a new mathematical model has been developed for the processes of co-ignition and combustion of wood and coal particles under high-temperature heating conditions. The mathematical model of the ignition process developed by the authors differs from the known ones (published in leading international scientific periodicals on the combustion of solid fuels) by a detailed description of a complex of gas-phase and heterogeneous thermochemical reactions occurring both in the boundary layer of fuel particles and in their porous structure. The mathematical model of the combustion process of wood-coal fuel particles developed by the authors is currently the most detailed in describing the thermophysical, thermochemical and aeromechanical processes occurring both in the fuel particles and in their small vicinity. Multistage kinetic schemes for the oxidation of the main volatile components (methane ‒ CH4, carbon monoxide ‒ CO, hydrogen ‒ H2), as well as the formation of sulfur oxides by means of oxidation of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), released as a result of pyrolysis of the organic part of coal, have been adopted. Based on the results of numerical modeling, the possibility of intensifying the processes of sequestration of sulfur oxides by moistening the wood component of the fuel mixture has been established. It is shown that water vapor can act as an agent adsorbing anthropogenic sulfur oxides, transforming the latter into sulfuric acid vapor, respectively. In turn, the vapors H2SO4 and HNO- 3 can be relatively easily captured by means of condensation. It has been established that for effective SOx capture during co-combustion of coal and biomass, the moisture content of the latter must be at least 5% by weight. The research provides grounds for the conclusion about the possibility of environmentally efficient combustion of coal in the composition of wood-coal fuel composites.

Lanthanide-based upconversion (UC) allows harvesting sub-bandgap near-infrared photons in photovoltaics. In this work, we investigate UC in perovskite solar cells by implementing UC single crystal BaF2:Yb3+, Er3+ at the rear of the solar cell. Upon illumination with high-intensity sub-bandgap photons at 980 nm, the BaF2:Yb3+, Er3+ crystal emits upconverted photons in the spectral range between 520 and 700 nm. When tested under terrestrial sunlight representing one sun above the perovskite's bandgap and sub-bandgap illumination at 980 nm, upconverted photons contribute a 0.38 mA/cm2 enhancement in the short-circuit current density at lower intensity. The current enhancement scales non-linearly with the incident intensity of sub-bandgap illumination, and at higher intensity, 2.09 mA/cm2 enhancement in current was observed. Hence, our study shows that using a fluoride single crystal like BaF2:Yb3+, Er3+ for UC is a suitable method to extend the response of perovskite solar cells to near-infrared illumination at 980 nm with a subsequent enhancement in current for very high incident intensity.

The advantages of current limiters based on liquid metal self-healing fuses (LMSHF) provoke interest and the need for the development and continuation of research in the direction of creating prototypes and industrial samples of LMSHF, determining the sphere of their application. One of the significant reasons for the lack of the necessary results of experimental research in the literature sources is the technological problems of manufacturing prototypes of LMSHF and preparing them for testing. This is especially noticeable when using fusible elements made of alkali metals that are aggressive to the environment. The proposed approach to solving the technological problems of manufacturing and preparing prototypes for testing is of interest and can be used by scientific groups engaged in research related to LMSHF. The development and discussion of such a technology can contribute to the activation of research towards of creating prototypes, their research aimed at obtaining new practical results.

All-dielectric nanophotonics has become one of the most active fields of research in modern optics, largely due to the opportunities offered by the simultaneous resonant control of electric and magnetic components of light at the nanoscale. In this rapidly evolving scenario, the possibility to design artificial Huygens sources by overlapping electric and magnetic resonances has established a new paradigm in flat optics, bringing devices closer to efficient wavefront shaping with a direct phase engineering at the level of the individual meta-atoms. However, their efficiency is fundamentally limited by the near field coupling between the constituents of the metalattice. In this work, we challenge this well-conceived notion and propose an alternative concept to achieve phase control and full transmission in metasurfaces, based on the unusual properties of the nonradiating sources known as Hybrid Anapoles (HAs). We analyze theoretically an array of such sources and demonstrate that HAs are characterized by a negligible coupling with their neighbors. Therefore, in contrast to Huygens particles, the proposed sources can operate as individual meta-atoms even in highly compact designs, becoming robust against strong disorder and preserving its characteristics when deposited on dielectric substrates. Remarkably, the phase of the transmitted wave can be modulated with negligible reflection. To illustrate the capabilities of our platform, we also utilize a disordered HA array to implement a controlled phase modulation to an ultrafast gaussian pulse. The results of our study represent a departure from the currently established designs and open an avenue towards the realization of new devices for flat optics with unprecedented efficiency., 10 pages, 6 figures

The aim is to evaluate the effect of cytomegalovirus on clinical and paraclinical as well as immunological parameters in children with rotavirus infection (RVI). Materials and methods. 50 children aged one to three years, patients with moderate and severe intestinal infections of rotavirus etiology were examined. All children were examined for herpes virus infections types 1, 2, 4, 5, 6. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the level of specific Ig G and Ig M for herpes viruses types 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and in the case of a positive test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) determined the presence of DNA (qualitatively) of these herpesviruses. Group 1 (mono-RVI), which was taken as a reference, included 33 children in whom no infection with any of these viruses of the herpes group was detected. Group 2 included 17 patients who underwent RVI on the background of CMV infection, the presence of infection with other viruses of the herpes group was excluded. Immune response parameters (CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+, CD 16+, CD 22+, Ig A, Ig M, Ig G, IL 1β, 4, TNF-α) in the acute period of the disease and in the period of convalescence were analyzed. Qualitative indicators were given in the form of absolute and relative (%) value. Significance of differences was determined using Pearson’s χ2 test (Pearson’s Chi-squared test). Quantitative indicators were given in the form of median (Me) and values of lower (LQ) and upper (UQ) quartiles. The significance of differences in quantitative indicators in two unrelated groups was determined using the Mann–Whitney U-test. The threshold value of the confidence level was taken as 0.05. Results. The analysis of the obtained data allows to establish that in the acute period of RVI infection in children with CMV leads to lower figures of temperature reaction, lower vomiting rate, prolongation of hospitalization, along with decrease in leukocytes, CD 16+ (%) cells and immunoregulatory index (CD 4+/CD 8+) against the background of increased levels of monocytes, CD 8+ (%) T-lymphocytes, concentrations of IL-4 and TNF-α. During convalescence, the presence of CMV is associated with an increase in the duration of fever and diarrhea, an increase in monocytes, CD 8+ (%) T cells, concentrations of IL-4, TNF-α and lower figures of immunoregulatory index, CD 16+ (%), CD 22+ (%) T cells and Ig M. Conclusions. Latent cytomegalovirus infection in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis significantly affects a number of clinical and paraclinical as well as immune parameters, which leads to a decrease in the intensity of clinical manifestations in the acute period of the disease and the prolongation of some symptoms during convalescence.

The results of the experimental studies of the particles ignition of bio-coal water fuels have been presented. The experiments have been carried out on the setup providing an error level of not mor...

Recurrences of serous borderline tumors (PCOS) are quite rare and, as a result, have not been sufficiently studied and presented in the literature. Despite the obvious relative «benignity» of borderline tumors, the course and prognosis of recurrent PCOS may be unfavorable. The article describes the reasons influencing the development of recurrence of PCOS, presents various options for recurrence of PCOS, methods of their treatment. This publication highlights the factors influencing the effectiveness of treatment, survival and prognosis of the disease. The article is illustrated with a rare clinical observation of multiple recurrence of PCOS with a favorable outcome.

We report experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamics of the onset of micromodifications in a LiF crystal upon filamentation of femtosecond mid-IR radiation under conditions of anomalous group velocity dispersion with an increase in the number of acting pulses. It is found that the length of the induced waveguide increases with an increase in the number of acting pulses both in the direction of radiation propagation and in the opposite direction, reaching about 5 mm with an exposure of several thousand pulses. A model is proposed for the waveguide structure formation upon accumulation of changes in the LiF refractive index, caused by the formation of colour centres under conditions of saturation of their concentration. It is shown that the refractive index transverse distribution in the structure has a table-like shape with a diameter of more than 4 μm, which leads to the localisation of radiation reflected from the boundaries of the waveguide.

The article presents the results of the experimental studies of the ignition processes of mixed fuels “wood + coal” under conditions corresponding to the furnace spaces of the boiler units of TPPs. It has been established that under conditions of relatively low ambient temperatures, the time characteristics of the ignition process of coal and wood particles in the composition of the mixture differ significantly from the analogous characteristics for the ignition of single particles. It is shown that woody biomass significantly accelerates the ignition of coal, compared to the ignition of homogeneous coal (the delay time is reduced by 20–30%). At the same time, it has been found that coal particles significantly slows down the process of wood ignition (on average by 30%). The analysis of the distance between particles (d) has shown that d has a significant effect on the ignition performance. It was found that there is a certain “optimal” value of d, at which the ignition delay times are minimal. It is also shown that with an increase in the ambient temperature, the effect of the distance between particles decreases significantly. Based on the results of the experimental studies, a mathematical model has been developed for the ignition of wood-coal fuel particles, which differs from the known ones by a detailed description of thermophysical and thermochemical processes occurring in the porous structure of fuels and in a small vicinity of these particles. A comparative analysis of theoretical and experimental values of ignition delay times has shown their good agreement. An asymptotic analysis of the ignition time has shown that the entire induction period can be conditionally divided into two stages: fuel heating and direct thermochemical reaction. The fuel heating time takes about 90% of the entire induction period.

Economic sanctions, including financial ones, will be increasingly used in the practice of international relations in the foreseeable future as an instrument of pressure of some states or interstate associations on others. This creates incentives for the search and implementation of financial innovations aimed at reducing sanctions risks for businesses. The article demonstrates that the impetus for the creation of some important modern financial instruments and infrastructures was the attempts of states to legislatively or administratively regulate the market. The case of sanctions is likely to be no exception. One of the possible models for minimizing sanctions pressure on businesses can be the legal form of a protected cell company. It have been a financial innovation that originally emerged in the captive insurance industry and its objective was, among other things, to reduce the regulatory burden. Structures similar to protected cellular companies can potentially create the possibility to make the operations of national businesses of target countries opaque for external actors (financial regulators and monitoring agencies) that enforce sanctions. In the same time this model preserves the control of the target country’s own jurisdiction and transparency of business for its regulators. In essence, it creates a kind quasi-offshore legal regime, which, unlike traditional internal offshore zones, is designed to mitigate not internal, but external regulatory pressure.

The paper presents the results of comparing the integral characteristics of ignition and combustion of coal and composite fuels, prepared from coal processing waste in a dry and wet state, in a model combustion chamber. We calculated the relative fuel performance coefficients, taking into account the established ignition delay times, fuel burnout duration, concentrations of gaseous anthropogenic emissions, as well as temperature changes (reduction at the initial stage and growth during rapid combustion) in the model combustion chamber. It was shown that the ignition delay times of coal processing waste in a dry state are 30–70% lower than in the initial wet state. However, burning wet coal processing waste provides the lowest concentrations of NOx and SO2 (5–44% lower than in a dry state and 35–70% lower than they are for coal). Considering the main environmental, economic and energy performance indicators, optimal conditions were established for the combustion of abundant coal processing waste as part of water-containing slurry fuels. It was established that the relative performance coefficient of slurry fuels ranges from 2.05 to 58.87 when varying the moisture content and component composition. This coefficient is maximum for wet filter cake without oil. This allowed us to conclude that wet coal processing waste is highly promising.

A clinical case of treatment of a patient with long-term consequences of a gunshot wound to the lumbar spine with a follow-up period of fifteen years is presented. In the last year and a half, the repeatedly recurrent retroperitoneal phlegmon associated with a foreign body of the lumbar spine has prompted a decision on the issue of surgical treatment (removal of a foreign body - a bullet). The location of the foreign body and previous experience with endoscopic foreign body removal played a decisive role in the choice of surgical tactics. Removal of the wounding projectile was performed using a percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic approach. The choice of such an approach was dictated by the peculiarity of the location of the foreign body (coaxial with the endoscopic tube in the foraminal approach), as well as sufficient experience in using the technique of percutaneous endoscopic surgery. At the same time, the conversion plan was worked out in sufficient detail with both posterolateral and anterior open approaches with the involvement of appropriate specialists. So, in case of failure, it was planned to transfer endoscopic access to open, using the already installed working tube of the endoscope as a conductor to a foreign body. In case of inefficiency, for some reason, this version of the operation was planned for the next, third stage: wound suturing, patient turning on the back with a right-hand retroperitoneal approach to the anterior-lateral surface of LI and LII bodies. Fortunately, the purpose of the operation was achieved using the most gentle version of the allowance. The given clinical case testifies that the technique of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic surgery is not limited in indications to the treatment of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine.

A special version of the SHIELD transport code has been developed intended for radiation protection purposes in space. The calculation of the fluxes of primary and secondary particles and the absorbed dose rate in a water phantom behind various shielding under the influence of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) using the GCR model developed by the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University. The code architecture is briefly described as a version of SHIELD including models of nuclear reactions. Stopping power dE/dX(E) is calculated in the energy range of 10 keV/nucleon–100 GeV/nucleon. The calculation was performed in spherical geometry, which allows, in a simple formulation of the problem, to compare the fluxes of particles of different types in the phantom, as well as to estimate the contribution to the dose of different GCR components depending on the protection parameters.

Problem statement. Equipping the Armed Forces of Ukraine with new types of armament and military equipment, including armored and automotive equipment, leads to the need to create an appropriate proving ground: the development of infrastructure facilities, equipping with tools and equipment for laboratory tests, as well as means for monitoring the performance and determining the technical condition of armament and military equipment. Analysis of recent research and publications. Unfortunately, there are no recommendations in the existing publications on equipping the proving ground for armored and automotive vehicles. Statement of the task. The purpose of the work is to improve the efficiency of testing armored and automotive vehicles. The article defines the main tasks of the proving ground, proposes a relevant composition of its elements and general requirements for them, as well as proposals for equipping it with laboratory testing equipment. To solve the assigned tasks, the proving ground should include the following main objects and systems: a test area for armored and automotive vehicles; an area for testing samples of armored and automotive vehicles for survivability; complex of common use roads, special test roads; special facilities for the placement of laboratory testing equipment; engineering networks for testing and vital functions (power supply, water supply, etc.); systems of metrological, meteorological, fire protection and medical support, environmental safety; security system. Conclusions. The creation of a proving ground for armored and automotive vehicles will provide: building capacity of a test base of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the assessment of promising models of armored and automotive vehicles; increasing the achieved level of control over the technical state of armaments and military equipment during tests; evaluation of the results of combat training with the combat use of armament and military equipment; accreditation of the proving ground for armament and military equipment in national and international conformity assessment and certification bodies for eligibility to carry out work in accordance with NATO standards.

Burn injury is an important medical problem, as it is accompanied by high mortality rates in burn shock. Aim of the study was to conduct an ultrastructural stereological analysis of changes in the blood microvessels of the left ventricular myocardium in burn shock.Material and methods. Myocardial samples during the early section were collected 2 hours after the detection of biological death in the victims from severe burn shock (3 men and 2 women); age group 32-44 years. An ultrastructural study of endothelial cells of the microvasculature of the left ventricular myocardium was carried out.Results and discussion. The development of severe burn shock is accompanied by changes in the ultrastructure of the endothelial cells of the blood microvessels of the left ventricular myocardium, which is associated with intracellular degradation and exocytosis. These ultrastructural changes may indicate impairment of vesicular transport in the endothelium of the myocardial microvessels in burn shock. A feature of the ultrastructure of the endothelium was the heterogeneity of the endothelial cells of the blood capillaries due to the revealed dark and light endothelial cells, which differ in the saturation of the cytoplasm with organelles. The new data obtained on changes in the ultrastructure of the endothelium of the microvasculature of the left ventricular myocardium can be informative in the development of approaches to intensive therapy of cardioprotective direction in combustiological patients with burn shock.

The article presents the results of a mathematical modeling of the combustion process of the particles of biomass/coal mixtures under conditions corresponding to the combustion chambers of the boiler units of the thermal power plants. The mathematical model of the ignition process developed by the authors differs from those presented earlier by a detailed description of the complex of the thermochemical and thermophysical processes that occur both in the boundary layer of the fuel particle and in its pores. The authors have formulated a new hypothesis about the sequestration of anthropogenic nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the initial stage of fuel combustion. It is accepted that the decrease in NOx yield during the combustion of biomass/coal fuel is due to the intensification of the formation of nitric (HNO3) acid vapors and their interaction with solid products of thermal decomposition of coal. The results of a numerical modeling of the processes under study show the possibility of a theoretical analysis of the conditions for co-combustion of the coal and wood particles, which provide a significant decrease in the yield of nitrogen oxides in comparison with the combustion of homogeneous coal.

This paper examines methods for the fabrication of optical fluoride nanoceramics and the compaction behavior of precursor powders. We discuss the basic drawbacks to the ceramics under consideration from the viewpoint of the physicochemical properties of fluorides. Lasing in ceramics has been demonstrated in the visible (praseodymium) and IR (neodymium, erbium, thulium, and ytterbium) spectral regions. The advantages of optical ceramics include the possibility of preparing large-aperture samples with improved mechanical characteristics and the presence of their own set of defects, including extensive polysynthetic twinning, which leads to the formation of new optical centers.

On-board information and measuring complexes and registration systems are intended to control the parameters of both systems and components of the prototype and the sample of automotive and armored vehicles in general to obtain qualitative and quantitative characteristics to assess their compliance with specifications of technical development requirements. At present stage, there is often a need to improve methods for optimizing the development of on-board systems for collecting and processing information to ensure conducting of testing works, which take into account particulars of the electronic equipment development and are based on a unified approach to the optimal use of resources of collection and information processing systems. Analysis of the problem of rational use of resources of standard means of measurement, registration and indication in the system of onboard measurements and further processing of the results in automated systems for collecting and processing information for their use in testing mass produced (modernized) aircraft was previously considered by Soviet, Ukrainian and foreign scientists. But they do not give a complete picture of the algorithm, completeness and quality of tests using standard measuring instruments installed on board aircraft and do not answer a number of questions related to the optimization of the computational process. In particular, the potentials of standard means of measurement, registration and indication as part of the on- board measurement system for testing mass produced (modernized) aircraft and installed components, units and systems under test are not fully explored. The issue of building optimal data collection programs that implement the inquiry of measuring channels with restrictions on the frequency of channel inquiry and information processing speed is insufficiently studied. The novelty of the research consists in the developing of an algorithm for capabilities analysis and procedure for incorporating standard measuring, registration and indication instruments in the on-board measuring system within a single measuring and information field for testing mass produced (modernized) samples of weapons. Approbation and implementation of the abovementioned algorithms will allow test teams to minimize time spent on the development (selection) of the onboard measurement system to ensure research and testing of both modernized aircraft, vehicles and armored vehicles and newly created with advanced information systems.

Relevance. Borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) occur mainly in women of reproductive age and account for 20% of all neoplasms of the female genital organs. Currently, there is an increase in the incidence of ВОТ. One of the reasons for the increase in morbidity is the improvement of knowledge and experience in relation to the morphological diagnosis of tumors of low malignancy potential. Nevertheless, the results of a preliminary instrumental assessment of the nature of the disease and the final diagnosis formed by histological examination are not always satisfactory, since borderline tumors are a thin layer that occupies an intermediate position between benign and malignant tumors. And, in spite of the fact that ВОТ is an independent nosological form in the histological classification, nevertheless, they have signs of both benign and malignant neoplasms. In this regard, the complexity of both instrumental and morphological diagnostics of ВOT becomes understandable, and, therefore, difficulties arise in determining the tactics of treatment, choosing the optimal operation, and the need for drug therapy. All these issues are directly related to the patients quality of life, and, most importantly, to survival. Because an incorrectly established diagnosis entails incorrect treatment and unsatisfactory results. Thus, the study of the peculiarities of ВOT diagnostics is extremely important. The ultrasound computed tomography method is simple, relatively cheap and affordable. Considering that almost all patients with ovarian neoplasms undergo this type of examination, it is extremely important and interesting to assess the role of the ultrasound method in the diagnosis of ВОТ. Moreover, at present more and more gynecological oncologists are resorting to organ-preserving surgical interventions for ВOТ. Therefore, it is especially important to study the possibility of ultrasound diagnostics in monitoring the course of the disease after breast-conserving operations, identifying recurrences of the disease in the ovary, differentiating recurrence and cystic formations of the ovaries. Aim. To determine the effectiveness of computer-assisted ultrasound diagnostics in monitoring the course of BOT after breast-conserving operations. Materials and methods. At Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology carried out a retrospective and prospective analysis of 405 patients with serous BOT for the period 19702013. The age of the patients varied in a wide range, the minimum was 15, the maximum was 78 years, the median corresponded to 38 years. Before the start of treatment, the patients underwent an ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the abdominal organs, the pelvic organs and the retroperitoneal space. The studies were carried out on expert ultrasonic systems Siemens ACUSON S2000, Hitachi ARIETTA V70 and Philips EPIQ 5. Results. We studied the capabilities of the ultrasound method for diagnosing serous BOT based on the analysis of morpho-ultrasound comparisons in patients after conservative and ultra-conservative operations. Conclusion. It has been established that ultrasound diagnostics is of decisive importance both in the initial diagnosis and in the dynamic observation of patients with conservative and ultra-conservative surgery for serous BOT. Echography makes it possible to diagnose a tumor in the ovary in 83.3% of cases and to reject the diagnosis in 86.7% of cases.

Cognitive impairment (CI) can be neurological symptoms or complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among the pathogenetic mechanisms, the neurotropicity of the SARS- CoV-2 virus, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy, thrombus formation, systemic inflammatory reaction, the consequences of mechanical ventilation and drug sedation are considered. Treatment strategies for COVID-19 patients with CI have not yet been developed. The following tactics of patient management is advisable: prevention of re-infection, assessment and correction of the emotional state, treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The possibilities of vinpocetine in the treatment of CI after COVID-19 are discussed.

The paper studies a noncooperative repeated game describing the behavior of mobile agents with directional antennas or a wireless sensor network. Periodically, agents must direct antennas towards each other to exchange information. However, the actions required to turn the antenna are energy consuming, and a balance must be maintained between the information relevance and the energy consumed to maintain this relevance. Agents receive smaller payoff at the stage in which they decide to exchange information, but win in subsequent stage by increasing the relevance of information.

This team of authors presents the development of an algorithm and its practical application in the software for solving the problems of automatizing the calculation of principal characteristics for powder painting chambers. The algorithm enables a developer to consider several design solutions to select an optimal variant with consideration for the initial data. The application of this algorithm and the software on its basis is illustrated with the design works of NPO Lakokraspokrytie.

The authors proceed from the postulate that philosophical thinking is the highest form of human activity, integrating all other types of human activity as its elements. Hence, any occupation of a person can be understood in the authenticity of its content only in the horizon of philosophical thought. This is what the philosophical education of specialists should be focused on, regardless of the direction of their activities. The article analyzes the decisive role of philosophical thought in the formation of self-consciousness of bourgeois society. The authors argue that its success was predetermined by the development of new forms of communication that contributed to the discovery of a new dimension of human existence, involving new types of its development. The displacement of philosophy to the periphery of spiritual production indicates the extinction of creative initiative among the bourgeoisie. In conclusion, the authors turn to the experience of Soviet education as an attempt to further develop the civilizational narrative of European civilization, considering the reasons for its successes and failures. According to the authors, on the one hand, the presence of philosophy as a mandatory element of the higher education system in the USSR testified to the creative potential of the new civilizational initiative; on the other hand, this philosophy has not reached a sufficient degree of maturity to correspond to the level of Soviet society development.

The neurological manifestations of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 are extremely diverse. At the same time, there is currently very little data on the neurological complications of COVID-19. There are more and more publications on the presence of a complication, such as cognitive impairment (CI). The latter is analyzed in patients with COVID-19 during their hospital stay and later on. The paper discusses possible mechanisms, including a hyperinflammatory state (cytokine storm), coagulopathy, and the neurotropic effect of the virus, which may play a role in the development of CI in patients with COVID-19. It considers management tactics for patients with CI in the presence of coronavirus infection and the possibility of their correction with citicoline (Noocil ® ).

BACKGROUND: The study of dental problems characteristic of geriatric patients is becoming increasingly relevant. As a person ages, the entire dental system undergoes physiological and functional changes. To eliminate the adverse effects of oral diseases, prolong the period of remission, preventive measures, constant monitoring of the level of hygiene, dispensary supervision of elderly and senile persons are necessary. AIM: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and intensity of dental diseases in the following older age groups: young elderly (6574 years old), old elderly (7584 years old), and very old elderly (85 years old and older). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A dental examination of 183 patients was carried out using a modified card for assessing the state of the dental status, according to guidelines of the World Health Organization. RESULTS: Analysis of dental morbidity in the older age group showed that the most common dental diseases in this group were extractions of lossened teeth caused by caries and periodontal diseases. Following a comprehensive dental examination of elderly patients and people with senility, the intensity of KPU and OHI-S was 19.760.52 and 2.710.12, respec-tively, and this indicates the poor hygienic state of the oral cavity of this population. CONCLUSION: Data support the untimeliness and inadequacy of dental care in elderly patients and people with senility. This necessitates the development of special treatment and prophylactic programs for this population, aimed at reducing dental morbidity.

The formation of documents for strategic planning of socio-economic development is the most important task of regional and municipal governments. It can be stated that strategic planning processes have been launched throughout the country and the process of forming these documents is active at both the regional and municipal levels. However, the issues of determining, studying, and taking into account the views of interested parties when forming the goals and priorities of socio-economic development of administrative-territorial entities require methodological support and recommendations for practical implementation. In this article, an attempt is made to reveal methodological approaches and solve issues of practical implementation of identifying the interests of stakeholders on the example of a specific municipality.The proposed material is an example of determining and scientifically substantiating the strategic priorities of a municipality on identifying the interests of stakeholders.The study of the processes of formation and determination of strategic priorities for the development of a municipality based on the identification of the interests of all interested parties should become the task of further research.

Means of improving the algorithms in multipurpose integrated navigation systems for small aircraft and ground vehicles are considered. In particular, attention focuses on the creation of universal adaptive software improving the performance of inexpensive navigation systems based on an adjustable set of measuring instruments. The best configuration of the hardware and software in the prototype integrated navigation system is analyzed, and approaches to ensuring more flexible and adaptive systems are discussed.

Aim: to assess the clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with severe bronchial asthma (BA) with Aspergillus sensitization and to study the possibilities of applying basophil activation test (BAT) using flow cytometry to detect mycogenic sensitization. Patients and Methods: 93 patients with severe BA were examined. Therapy had 4 or 5 steps according to GINA 2019 recommendations. TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine) content, the number of eosinophils, the levels of total IgE and specific IgE to 10 allergens were determined in blood serum by enzyme immunoassay. BAT with Aspergillus fumigatus allergen was performed in vitro using flow cytometry. Results: Aspergillus sensitization was detected in 33 (35.4%) patients with severe BA. In patients with BA and Aspergillus sensitization, the disease course was uncontrolled, and patients in this group were credibly more likely to receive oral glucocorticosteroids. The number of basophils (activated by the A. fumigatus allergen) and the stimulation index in patients with BA and Aspergillus sensitization were significantly higher than in patients with BA (9.9 (6.0–24.0) % vs. 3.6 (2.0–5.4) %; (p=0.000) and 4.25 (2.49–9.30) vs. 0.94 (0.75–1.16); (p=0.000)). Significant differences in TARC content were obtained in the groups of patients with severe BA and Aspergillus sensitization and patients with BA (625.0 (418.4–875.0) pg/mg versus 406.0 (210.0–561.0) pg/mg; p=0.001). A negative correlation was determined between TARC levels and a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (r=-0.70, p

Influence of coal micronization on air-blown conversion of pulverized coal fuel is under study. On the basis of these experiments, computational fluid dynamics methods are used to perform simulation determining the conditions of the process under study. Conversion of coarse coal in a medium of combustion products of fine coal with the following parameters: a flow rate ratio of primary and secondary coal is 0.82; a corresponding air flow rate is 0.35; the stoichiometric coefficient of primary, secondary, and total air are 0.8, 1.87, and 1.39; temperatures in the active zone are higher than 1200°C. According to the computational results for this regime, the carbon conversion rate for the primary and secondary coal is 100% and 60%, respectively, and its total value is $$\approx$$ 80%. The results obtained suggest that it is possible to increase the efficiency of coal combustion due to micronization technologies as applied to oil-free ignition and torch illumination systems on steam pulverized coal boilers at TPPs.

This article considers the concept and searches for the definition of a development bank, which is characterized as a financial institution of development. The author comes to the conclusion, that this institution can be deemed as an instrument of state regulation of the economy and at the same time a subject of law that performs the public functions delegated to it.

The method of metal-induced lateral recrystallization is an urgent research task for manufacturing integrated circuits of multilevel architecture, sensitive elements of sensors, as well as electronic microsystems and nanosystems. An optimized method of metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC) of amorphous-silicon nanowire structures using nickel silicide is presented. On the basis of this method, nanowire n-channel field-effect gate-all-around (GAA) MILC transistors are manufactured. Similar structures are manufactured on the basis of single-crystal silicon using SOI (SIMOX) substrates, i.e., SOI GAA transistors. A comparative analysis of the electrical characteristics of field-effect nanowire GAA transistors based on recrystallized and single-crystal silicon is carried out. It is shown that the electrical characteristics of nanowire MILC GAA transistors are comparable to those of nanowire SOI GAA transistors. Thus, the measured electron mobility in weak fields amounts to 130 cm2/(V s) for the MILC GAA transistor and 200 cm2/(V s) for the SOI GAA transistor.

A gate dielectric is one of the key structural elements of submicron MOS transistors, on which the reliability of its operation depends. A breakdown of the dielectric leads to a loss in the functioning of the transistor and the failure of the entire IC or a malfunction in its operation. Therefore, special attention is paid to assess the defectiveness of a gate dielectric and its operating time to failure. In this study, the operating time to failure of the gate insulator of MOS transistors is determined based on the method of the time-dependent breakdown of the dielectric using the thermomechanical model (E models). The Weibull distribution obtained for the integrated failure distribution of a sample of technological test structures measured at high voltage and temperature is used as the statistics of the distribution of failures. The studies are performed on the test structures, which are MOS capacitors with the gate dielectric thickness of 5 nm. The test structures are created using the 65 nm serial technology and are placed in a test crystal together with the IC on one plate. Software is developed that allows accelerated measurements in the automatic mode. As a result of the studies, the parameters of the thermomechanical failure model are determined, and the dependences of the operating time to failure of the gate dielectric on the operating conditions are obtained. It is established that for the test structures under study, both full and partial breakdown of the dielectric can occur. This control method can be used to predict the long-term reliability of the gate dielectric of sub-100-nm MOS transistors and certify the technological processes of its production.

The ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) is a promising tool for detecting intermolecular interactions, including biochemical ones. Using the ISFET, it is possible to recognize various mechanisms of specifically adsorbed substances. In addition, ISFET can be integrated with CMOS technology, which opens up new prospects for creating intelligent micro- and nanosystems. In this study, the influence of the design and technological parameters of the ISFET on charge sensitivity is investigated using numerical simulation. Two types of the ISFET design based on a completely depleted floating-gate SOI structure are presented. The designs differ by the way of forming the liquid medium–gate contact. The analytical dependences of the charge sensitivity of the ISFET, which make it possible to analyze the ISFET sensitivity, are obtained. It is shown that the limiting sensitivity is achievable on a composite nanowire structure with submicron dimensions. The sensitivity of the considered ISFET design with the characteristic size of 1.2 µm when an analyte is adsorbed is about 50 effective electron charges. The ISFET designed with submicron physical dimensions (wire width of 10 nm and wire length of 100 nm) has the sensitivity of 1 to 2 effective electron charges.

Results of experimental investigations on the efficiency of suppression of the flame combustion and thermal decomposition of forest combustible materials in a forest fire by the local throw-down of water masses to a zone of this fire, the spraying of a fine-dispersed water over the combustion zone, and the formation of a water screen along its perimeter are presented. Features of each of these methods are analyzed. Advantages of the combined method of extinguishing a forest fire, involving the space spraying of small water droplets intended to be distributed through the fire hotbed over a given period of time, are demonstrated.

The results of the experimental studies of the ignition process of a pulverized fuel mixture based on coal and biomass — forest combustible material (FCM) have been given. As the second component of the fuel the wastes of various deciduous or coniferous species of trees have been used. The experiments have been carried out on the equipment that provides a fairly low level of error when registering the main characteristics (ignition delay time of the fuel particles tign, ambient temperature Tg) of heat and mass transfer processes occurring together during ignition of bio-coal fuel during thermal preparation. It has been established that the addition of biomass to coal leads to a significant reduction (up to 30%) of the entire ignition period of the fuel mixture. The video recording of the ignition processes has allowed to identify the main stages of thermal preparation and ignition of the bio-coal fuel particles. It has been established that the particles of biomass (leaf or fir needles) ignite faster than coal. A mathematical model has been developed based on the results of a detailed analysis of the videograms of the ignition process of the bio-coal mixtures describing the joint flow of the main processes of heat and mass transfer under conditions of the intense phase and thermochemical transformations. A numerical simulation of the ignition process has been carried out and the ignition delay times have been established. A comparative analysis of the theoretical and experimental values of tign has shown their good conformance.

Frequency response of a laser gyroscope was studied by numerical modeling of a complete system of equations describing it. The calculation results are compared to the results of experimental measurements taken on a precision dynamic test bench. The frequency response was measured for a gyroscope based on a four-mirror ring laser with a non-planar contour, operating on He–Ne active mix at the wavelength of 632.8 nm. In the gyroscope under study, the sign-variable dither was implemented on the basis of Zeeman magnetooptical effect. The relationship between the measured and designed values of the frequency response distortions has been found. The relationship between the frequency response distortions in a laser gyroscope and inequality of field intensities of the counter-propagating waves (CPW) has been numerically calculated and confirmed by experiments. Based on the research results, the parameters of a ring laser can be optimized to improve the accuracy of measurements by means of laser gyroscopes.

The thermal decomposition of the mixtures of crushed coal and wood was experimentally studied in a temperature range from 400 to 1000°C. According to the results of the experiments, the possibility of using wood as an additive to mixed fuel based on coal to decrease the yield of sulfur oxides upon combustion in large- and small-scale power boilers was confirmed. With a decrease in the energy characteristics (calorific value) of these mixed fuels by no more than 9%, as compared with widely used homogeneous grade T coal, the environmental parameters were significantly improved on the combustion of a mixture of coal and wood. It was found that a significant synergistic effect on the sequestration of sulfur oxides was achieved during the formation of calcium and aluminum sulfates in the ash of mixed fuel due to the joint thermal decomposition of coal and wood particles at a wood fraction from 10 to 50% in the mixture.

Objective: to evaluate short-term and long-term outcomes of lymph node dissection in patients with stage III–IV ovarian cancer.Materials and methods. This retrospective study included patients with stage III–IV ovarian cancer who have undergone either complete or optimal cytoreduction. Patients in the experimental group additionally had lymph node dissection, whereas patients in the control group had surgery without lymph node dissection. We evaluated 3‑year relapse-free survival (primary outcome measure), 3‑year overall survival, incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications, and frequency of lymph node lesions.Results. The study included 272 patients: 43 women in the experimental group and 229 women in the control group. Intraoperative complications were significantly more common in patients who had lymph node dissection compared to those who had cytoreductive surgery alone (37.2 % vs 16.6 % respectively; р = 0.0001). The incidence of postoperative complications did not vary significantly between the groups (27.9 % in the experimental group vs 16.2 % in the control group; р = 0.128). Thirty-three patients (76.7 %) were found to have metastasis in the lymph nodes excised. The three-year overall survival rate was 82.6 % among patients who had lymph node dissection and 75.7 % among patients who had no lymph node dissection (р = 0.306). The three-year relapse-free survival rate was 26.2 % in the experimental group and 38.4 % in the control group (р = 0.858).Conclusions. Systemic lymph node dissection does not improve long-term outcomes and increases the incidence of intraoperative complications in patients with stage III–IV ovarian cancer undergoing complete or optimal cytoreduction.

The OBJECTIVE of the study was to compare the results of using the longitudinal – cross-linking method of sternum osteosynthesis with other methods (single wire stitches, 8-shaped wire stitches) for cardiosurgery patients.METHODS AND MATERIALS. The study included 3,150 patients, which were operated on in Samara cardiology dispensary named after V. P. Poliakov from 2012 to 2018. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (1397 patients, operated on from 2012 to 2014) used single wire stitches or 8-shaped wire stitches for sternum osteosynthesis. Group 2 (1753 patients, operated from 2015 to 2018) used the longitudinal -cross-linking method of sternum osteosynthesis. The incidence of instability of the sternum without infection, superficial postoperative wound infection, deep sternal infection and hospital mortality were evaluated.RESULTS. Groups (1–68 % of men, average age (59.4±9,9) years; 2–68 % of men, average age 62.3±8.5) were significantly different in obesity patients (25.6 & 29.3 %, p=0.02), amount of smokers (50.5 & 64.2 %, pCONCLUSION. The longitudinal-cross-linking method of sternum osteosynthesis is the available method that can significantly reduce the incidence of deep sternal infection in cardiosurgery.

Objective: to analyze short-term and long-term outcomes of expanded surgeries in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and to identify factors affecting their overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Materials and methods. This retrospective study included patients with recurrent ovarian cancer stage I–IV less than 80 years of age who was treated in the Department of Gynecologic Oncology, N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, between 2015 and 2017. Other inclusion criteria were as follows: time to relapse more than 12 months and no chemotherapy during the last 6 months or more. We analyzed the main perioperative parameters, OS, PFS, and prognostic factors affecting OS and PFS. Results. This study included 55 patients. Of them, 44 (80 %) women have undergone complete cytoreductive surgery, whereas 11 (20 %) women have undergone optimal cytoreductive surgery. The median duration of surgery was 210 minutes (range: 60–390 minutes), median blood loss was 400 mL (range: 30–4500 mL). Postoperative complications were observed in 23 (41.2 %) patients; 5 (9.1 %) patients developed grade IIIB complications. Median follow-up time was 30.3 months (range: 7.5–67.1 months). Three-year OS was 73.7 % and three-year PFS was 30.7 %. More than one line of chemotherapy before repeated cytoreductive surgery was found to be a negative factor affecting OS (hazard ratio 2.749; 95 % confidence interval 1.059–7.138; p = 0.038). The primary ECOG performance status had a significant impact on PFS (hazard ratio 0.543; 95 % confidence interval 0.347–0.851; p = 0.008). Conclusions. Poor ECOG status and more than one line of chemotherapy before repeated cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer relapse were demonstrated to have a negative impact on survival in this group of patients. However, in some patients, repeated cytoreductive surgeries ensured long-term remission.

The article deals with the modern specifics of digitization of the fundamental library functioning in one of the leading Russian scientific institutes for social sciences – Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INION). It is shown that after the fire in January 2015, the INION’s library never stopped to work. Nowadays, more than 3 million books and journals are available to readers in 18 departments at academic institutions in Moscow. INION receives mandatory copies of Russian publications and new foreign books and journals due to international exchange. Other funds are still preserved in the warehouse due to insufficient funding from the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education, but after moving to a new building on the historical site on Nakhimovsky Prospekt in Moscow, the INION’s library will expand its opportunities for readers. In preparation for this move, several digitization projects are being implemented at once in INION – from the development of famous bibliographic databases, which are still in commercial demand not only in Russia but also abroad, to the digitization of books and the creation of electronic catalogues of the library. The authors draw parallels between the modern objectives and methods of the modernization of the INION’s library in accordance with the challenges of the digital era and specifics of creation of the Library at the Socialist Academy of Social Sciences (which after several reorganizations in 1969 originated the INION) by difficult financial and political conditions of 1920-30-ies. It is concluded that any steps towards digitalization should be focused primarily on the needs of readers (postgraduates, researchers and university teachers) and not based on the proposals of technocrats who have little idea in which direction social and humanitarian sciences are developing. The ultimate goal of the development of the INION’s library should be to increase the competitiveness of scientific products of Russian social scientists in the world.

The purpose of the study: to present an experience of the N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center in the treatment of relapses of gestational trophoblastic neoplasias (GTN). Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of medical case histories at the N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center from 1996 until 2019. 545 patients with GTN were treated. Relapses occurred in 25 (4.6%) patients: 8 (2.1%) patients with low risk of resistance (6 (75%) early relapses and 2 (25%) late relapses) and 17 (10%) patients with high risk of resistance (11 (65%) early relapses and 6 (35%) late relapses). Treatment of relapses was done by standard chemotherapy regimens (Dactinomycin 500mcg in days 15, EMA-CO, EMA-EP). Different surgical interventions and radiosurgery were used in some cases additionally. Results. Out of 6 patients with early relapses of low-risk GTN, 5 were cured with chemotherapy and one patient by lung resection only. Two patients with late relapses of low-risk GTN were cured with chemotherapy (EMA-CO) and hysterectomy/resection of uterus to achieve complete remission. As a result, all patients with relapses of low-risk GTN were cured, mainly (88%) by chemotherapy. Among 11 patients with early relapses of high-risk GTN, complete remission was achieved in 6 (55%) cases: in 2 patients as a result of EMA-EP chemotherapy, other patients needed combined approaches (chemotherapy + surgery). Three patients with recurrent course continue treatment, two patients died of progression. Of the 6 patients with late relapses of high-risk GTN, 4 (66%) patients were managed mainly through combined treatment (surgery + chemotherapy) and were cured. One patient continues treatment for more than 4 years, and one patient died of progression. In total, out of 17 patients with high-risk relapses, complete remission was achieved in 10 (59%) as a result of combined treatment in the majority of cases (80%). Conclusion. The optimal method of treatment for patients with relapses of low-risk GTN is chemotherapy; and for high-risk GTN combined approaches (chemotherapy + surgery)

Подавляющая часть мирового рынка солнечных фотоэлектрических устройств основывается на кремниевых технологиях. Актуальной задачей является повышение эффективности их работы за счет использования люминесцентных покрытий, в том числе преобразующих излучение из УФ-синей области спектра в ближний инфракрасный диапазон, где кремний поглощает излучение с наибольшей эффективностью (стоксовая, или даун-конверсионная люминесценция) или из инфракрасной области спектра в ближний инфракрасный диапазон (ап-конверсионная люминесценция). Целью данного исследования были синтез и исследование спектрально-кинетических характеристик однофазных твердых растворов Y1–x–yEuxYbyF3 и определение квантового выхода даун-конверсионной люминесценции.Методом высокотемпературного сплавления были синтезированы однофазные образцы твердых растворов Y1–x–yEuxYbyF3 ромбической сингонии. Для серий образцов с различным соотношением Eu3+/Yb3+ при двойном допировании этими ионами было подтверждено образование соответствующих твердых растворов с кристаллической решеткой фазы b-YF3. Химический состав установлен энергодисперсионным анализом и было определено, что он соответствует номинальному. Показано, что при возбуждении на длинах волн 266 и 296 нм наблюдается люминесценция как ионов Eu3+, так и ионов Yb3+, что свидетельствует об перспективе их использования в качествесенсибилизаторов УФ излучения. При этом при возбуждении на длине волны 266 нм регистрируется люминесценция ионов Eu2+. Максимальные квантовые выходы даун-конверсионной люминесценции иттербия в ближнем инфракрасном диапазоне длин волн со значением 2.2 % при возбуждении на длине волны 266 нм были зарегистрированы для YF3:Eu:Yb при соотношениях Eu3+:Yb3+ 0.1:10.0 и 0.05:5.00. ЛИТЕРАТУРА 1. Weber E. R. Photovoltaics moving into the terawatt age. In: Proc. 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