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Recent advances in light-emitting diode (LED) technology have created a new generation of energy-efficient light sources that is revolutionizing the lighting market. Due to the LED faster response, these devices can be used for illumination and for optical wireless communications, simultaneously, making visible light communication (VLC) a hot research topic worldwide. As the VLC link is free space, big challenges arise in its implementation. To improve the VLC performance, this work addresses cooperative communications by employing an optical amplifier. In this context, conjugated polymer incorporated into organic-inorganic hybrids with high quantum yield (>50%) were synthetized and processed as planar waveguides. The maximum gain efficiency values observed were 0.73±0.01cm $\mu \mathrm{J}^{-1}$, which is among the best ones known for conjugated polymers and hybrid materials. The waveguides were tested in a VLC test-in-bed scenario, showing a signal amplitude improvement of 1 dB, establishing the proposed approach as a promising cost-effective solution for optical amplification in VLCs.

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is caused by Candida spp., a vaginal colonizer. Despite the clinical importance of RVVC, little is known regarding the characteristics of the disease in Po...

Syntax famously consists of abstract hierarchical representations, essentially instructions for combining words into larger units like sentences. Less famously, most theories of syntax also assume a higher level of abstract representation. Representations at this level comprise instructions for creating the hierarchical representations used to create sentences. To date, however there is no experimental evidence for this additional level of abstraction. Here, we explain why the existence of such representations would imply that, under certain circumstances, speakers should be able to produce structures they have never been exposed to, and we test this prediction directly. We ask: Given the right type of input, can speakers learn a syntactic structure without direct exposure? In particular, different types of relative clauses have different surface word orders. These may be represented in two ways: with many individual representations or one general representation. If the latter, then learning one type of relative clause amounts to learning all types. We teach participants a novel grammar for only some relative clause types (e.g., just subject relative clauses) and test their knowledge of other types (e.g., object relative clauses). Across experiments, participants consistently produced untrained types, implicating the existence of this higher level of abstract syntactic knowledge.

This document provides clinical recommendations for the management of severe asthma. Comprehensive evidence syntheses, including metaanalyses, were performed to summarise all available evidence relevant to the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society Task Force’s questions. The evidence was appraised using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach and the results were summarised in evidence profiles. The evidence syntheses were discussed and recommendations formulated by a multidisciplinary Task Force of asthma experts, who made specific recommendations on six specific questions. After considering the balance of desirable and undesirable consequences, quality of evidence, feasibility, and acceptability of various interventions, the Task Force made the following recommendations:• suggest using anti-interleukin (IL)-5 and anti-IL-5 receptor α for severe uncontrolled adult eosinophilic asthma phenotypes;• suggest using a blood eosinophil cut-point ≥150 μL−1 to guide anti-IL-5 initiation in adult patients with severe asthma;• suggest considering specific eosinophil (≥260 μL−1) and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (≥19.5 ppb) cut-offs to identify adolescents or adults with the greatest likelihood of response to anti-IgE therapy;• suggest using inhaled tiotropium for adolescents and adults with severe uncontrolled asthma despite Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) step 4 – 5 or National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) step 5 therapies;• suggest a trial of chronic macrolide therapy to reduce asthma exacerbations in persistently symptomatic or uncontrolled patients on GINA step 5 or NAEPP step 5 therapies, irrespective of asthma phenotype;• suggest using anti-IL-4/13 for adult patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and for those with severe corticosteroid-dependent asthma regardless of blood eosinophil levels.These recommendations should be reconsidered as new evidence becomes available.

The definition of reliable velocity functions is paramount for obtaining high-quality poststack seismic data. Velocity functions are commonly created with the interpreter interactively selecting high-energy peaks in velocity spectra and verifying if the derived velocity functions match the traveltime trajectories in the corresponding common midpoint (CMP) gathers. Modern software further allows the interpreter to apply resulting moveout corrections and verify if the desired overall flatness of reflection events is achieved. This very detailed process takes a significant amount of time, not necessarily delivering the globally optimal velocity function, and ultimately impacting the cost and duration of a typical seismic interpretation procedure. In this work, we present a hybrid regression approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) to speed up the velocity analysis workflow. The proposed methodology consists of an automatic initial velocity function estimation followed by a supervised refinement process that requires only a handful of gathers to be manually picked. Experiments performed on five field data sets show that the proposed methodology can not only produce human-grade velocity pickings but also outperform the interpreter in some cases, in a fraction of the time taken by the human counterpart.

Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease that have been increasing in an alarm rate worldwide, and has overweight and obesity as important risk factors, being considered a significant public health problem. The present study aimed to demonstrate the clinical and epidemiological profile of breast cancer patients diagnosed in Sinop-MT (Brazil) and analyze the prevalence of overweight and obesity in these patients. This is a descriptive study, with data collected by analysis of patient’s medical records who were diagnosed with breast carcinoma in the Department of Oncology of Santo Antônio’s Hospital. Data were tabulated and analyzed in an Excel® spreadsheet software (Office 365), with a descriptive analysis in percentage. Results demonstrated that 100% of patients were women; 85.7% were affected by ductal and/or lobular breast carcinomas; all deaths occurred in patients over 40 years and 75% of deaths occurred in advanced stages; being 68.75% of the most severe cases’ stages present in the oldest patients. Furthermore, it was observed that 37.12% of the patients were classified as overweight or obese, 88.57% were treated with chemotherapy and 91.44% treated with combined therapies. In conclusion, it was observed that a great number of breast cancer patients were overweight/obese, presented ductal and lobular carcinoma, the deaths occurred predominantly in the over forty years and were related with the presence of metastasis and advanced stage.

The objective of this work was to investigate the ways of disposing of medicines by residents in the municipality of Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out, like a household population survey, with a random sample of 382 residents, using a self-made questionnaire, with the following variables: socio-demographic, health conditions, medications in use and access to the health service and the medicine. The participants were predominantly female (73.6%), self-declared brown (59.4%), with low education (40.8% incomplete elementary school), married or living with a partner (51.0%), in good health (61.0%), non-smokers (70.9%) and who did not practice regular physical activity (53.1%). When asked about access to health services, 91.9% and 91.4% lived less than five kilometers from the basic health unit and the basic pharmacy, respectively. In relation to the last medical consultation, 40.8% had done it in the last month. Regarding the destination of the remnants of medicines, 64.1% throw them in the domestic garbage and 17.3% did discard the losers in the toilet. It was concluded that there was an inadequate practice of drug disposal. From this perspective, the importance of a management program on appropriate disposal practices is recognized. Thus, strategies for improving relations between health units in the care network must be developed in an attempt to safely dispose of medicines and raise awareness for protecting the environment.

Conductive and transparent metallic nanowire networks are regarded as promising alternatives to Indium–Tin–Oxides (ITOs) in emerging flexible next-generation technologies due to their prominent optoelectronic properties and low-cost fabrication. The performance of such systems closely relies on many geometrical, physical, and intrinsic properties of the nanowire materials as well as the device-layout. A comprehensive computational study is essential to model and quantify the device's optical and electrical responses prior to fabrication. Here, we present a computational toolkit that exploits the electro-optical specifications of distinct device-layouts, namely standard random nanowire network and transparent mesh pattern structures. The target materials for transparent conducting electrodes of this study are aluminium, gold, copper, and silver nanowires. We have examined a variety of tunable parameters including network area fraction, length to diameter aspect ratio, and nanowires angular orientations under different device designs. Moreover, the optical extinction efficiency factors of each material are estimated by two approaches: Mie light scattering theory and finite element method (FEM) algorithm implemented in COMSOL®Multiphysics software. We studied various nanowire network structures and calculated their respective figures of merit (optical transmittance versus sheet resistance) from which insights on the design of next-generation transparent conductor devices can be inferred.

Light field images have emerged as an important advance in the representation of visual data; at the same time, dealing with such images has brought new challenges related to multimedia transmission and security. In this article, we introduce a robust and blind scheme to watermark lenslet light field images. The method, which is based on quantization index modulation, allows to recover the watermark even after the image is submitted to compression in the 4D-DCT (four-dimensional discrete cosine transform) domain or other attacks. To achieve this, an empirical strategy for scanning the coefficients in the referred domain is also proposed; we demonstrate that, in general, such a strategy outperforms state-of-the-art methods whose purpose is to exploit the energy compacting property of the 4D-DCT. The introduced watermarking scheme has been evaluated using 30 light field images and several embedding / extracting parameters. The obtained results indicate that the watermark is satisfactorily imperceptible and confirm its robustness against various attacks.

The need to sense and track in real time through sustainable and multifunctional labels is exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, where the simultaneous measurement of body temperature and the fast tracking of people is required. One of the big challenges is to develop effective low-cost systems that can promote healthcare provision everywhere and for that, smarter and personalized Internet of things (IoT) devices are a pathway in large exploration, toward cost reduction and sustainability. Using the concept of color-multiplexed quick response (QR) codes, customized smart labels formed by two independent layers and smart location patterns provide simultaneous tracking and multiple synchronous temperature reading with maximum sensitivity values of 8.5% K−1 in the physiological temperature range, overwhelming the state-of-the-art optical sensor for healthcare services provided electronically via the internet (eHealth) and mobile sensors (mHealth). published

Introduction: The emergence of the global COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has created a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The systemic impacts of COVID-19 infection are severe and broad in their implications, and the cardiovascular system is no exception. Discussion: Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease are at an increased risk for hospitalization and mortality, and COVID-19 infection has now been demonstrated to initiate acute, but serious, episodes of cardiovascular events such as stroke. Considering the rapid spread of COVID-19 across the globe and the inability of healthcare systems to address and adequately respond to the pandemic, therein lies an increased need for understanding the interplay between COVID-19 infection and cardiovascular disease. SARS-CoV-2 relies on binding the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor to infect host cells, with ACE2 representing a critical regulator of blood pressure homeostasis and proper cardiovascular functioning. Conclusion: Identifying the exact role of ACE2 in COVID-19 infection will have major implications for understanding the disease; therefore, here we have reviewed ACE2’s involvement in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection and the resulting end-organ damage. In addition, we have summarized how COVID-19 affects cardiovascular physiology, and how COVID-19 infection can manifest in acute cardiovascular events. Finally, we examine why patients with cardiovascular disease are at an increased risk of succumbing to COVID-19 and what the long-term cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 infection could mean. Relevance: This paper discusses the cardiovascular consequences of the global COVID-19 pandemic.

This study investigates how rare earth ion (RE3+) concentration affects stabilization of the crystalline structure and infrared-to-visible upconversion (UC) in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped yttrium tantalates, synthesized by the sol–gel method. Under 980 nm, the samples exhibited intense UC luminescence. The crystalline phases strongly influenced the emission color of UC luminescence. The sample consisting of pure Y3TaO7 phase had a yellowish-green color, but a greener emission appeared in the presence of a small amount of M’-YTaO4. Increasing the RE3+ concentration influences the Y3TaO7 crystalline phase stabilization, as well as in the color tunability, since cross-relaxation processes take place, enhancing red emission intensity. This is the first report of UC quantum yield (UCQY) for yttrium tantalate samples (up to 0.016 ± 0.002%). Samples doped with Er3+/Yb3+ 0.5/1.5 mol % annealed at 900 or 1100 °C were successfully developed as primary thermometers. The temperature of these materials can be predicted without any calibration through the Boltzmann law, using the ratio of the intensity of transitions of Er3+. The maximum relative thermal sensitivity was 1.31 ± 0.05% K−1, which was higher than the sensitivity reported for other oxides. Nanothermometer repeatability was 98.8% and 99.8%, with minimum temperature uncertainty of 0.93 and 0.87 K for samples annealed at 900 and 1100 °C, respectively. The great tunability properties, UCQY values, and nanothermometry results indicated that primary thermometers can be implemented by using Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped yttrium tantalate upconverting nanoparticles for biophotonic applications in temperature sensing and deep tissue imaging. published

BACKGROUND: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the mainstay of asthma treatment, but response to medication is variable. Patients with allergic inflammation generally show a better short-term response to ICSs; however, studies on predictors of long-term response are few. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether allergic sensitization can modify the association between ICS use and lung function decline over 20 years in adult asthma. METHODS: We used data from the 3 clinical examinations of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. We measured ICS use (no use, and use for 8 years) and FEV1 decline among subjects with asthma over the 2 periods between consecutive examinations. We conducted a cohort study combining data of the 2 periods (906 observations from 745 subjects) to assess whether the association between ICS use and FEV1 decline was modified by allergic sensitization (IgE > 0.35 kU/L for any of house-dust mite, timothy grass, cat, or Cladosporium). RESULTS: FEV1 decline was similar for non-ICS users, as well as ICS users for less than 1.3 years, with and without allergic sensitization. However, among subjects on ICSs for a longer period, sensitization was associated with an attenuated decline (P-interaction = .006): in the group treated for more than 8 years, FEV1 decline was on average 27 mL/y (95% CIBonferroni-adjusted, 11-42) lower for subjects with sensitization compared with nonsensitized subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that biomarkers of atopy can predict a more favorable long-term response to ICSs. Randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

In this paper, we present guidelines for the simulation of microstructured optical fibers (MOFs), for finding their guided modes and their nonlinear and dispersive characteristics. For the case of ...

We investigate different ways of controlling the soliton explosions in passively mode-locked fiber lasers through management of the system parameters. Assuming a set of reference values for these p...

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:05:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The main objective of the present paper is to find the modifications that a tethered slingshot maneuver (TSSM) can make in the orbit of a spacecraft, both in terms of energy and inclination. The TSSM is a maneuver where a tether fixed in a celestial body, like a moon or an asteroid, makes a rotation in the velocity vector of a spacecraft to modify its orbit. In particular, the present paper concentrates in showing the potential savings in fuel consumption for orbital maneuvers that use this technique in an elliptic system of primaries, which gives advantages over the circular problem. To make this study more complete, analytical approximations are derived to provide a general view of the behavior of the maneuver in terms of variations of energy and inclination as a function of different conditions for the geometry, length, and location of the tether. Among the main results, it is showed the best location to place the tether and the best moment and duration to perform the maneuver, as a function of the parameters involved, like the orbits of the primaries, the incoming velocity of the spacecraft, etc. The solutions are shown in maps giving the variations of energy and inclination for different locations of this device and assuming different incoming orbits for the spacecraft. Regions that maximize those variations are indicated. Based on those results, it is possible to find the best solution for several particular problems. The results show that this maneuver has a large potential to be explored, helping a spacecraft to make journeys to the exterior planets and out of the Solar System. Those results are arguments in favor of developing efforts to solve the technological problems involved in real applications of this technique. The main advantage of the proposed technique is the energy gain given by the maneuver, in particular when using the higher velocity of the asteroid, at the periapsis of its orbit around the Sun. The main disadvantages are the technical challenges involved in the implementation of the maneuver and the fact that to get maximum benefits, there are time restrictions to apply the maneuver, because the asteroid must be passing by its periapsis. Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais- INPE Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP FAPESP: 2016/23542-1 FAPESP: 2016/24561-0 FAPESP: 2019/15180-0

In this study, a compact ultra-wide band microstrip antenna loaded with C-shaped parasitic elements, for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial (DVB-T) and LTE 450 / 700 signal reception, is presented. The proposed antenna is named “HI Monopole”, and its geometry has been designed to be simple and intuitive, lightweight, compact, possessing a low fabrication cost as well as an easy installation process inside electronic gadgets. The HI Monopole operates with ultra-wide bandwidth characteristics for operation within Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial (DVB-T) standard, 470–890 MHz, that has been accomplished by: inserting an indent in its ground plane, adjusting the dimension of the feeding line, and adding two C-shaped parasite elements onto the region posterior to the antenna’s main irradiating element. It was verified through electromagnetic measuring that this device is capable of covering the 429-1022 MHz range, thus having 593 MHz of bandwidth. The superior and inferior cutoff frequencies have been chosen as the values in –10 dB of the device’s return loss. Therefore, the proposed antenna can be utilized in DTV and LTE signal reception through broadcasting in any country, independently of its adopted standard.

The lack of in vitro tissue and organ models capable of mimicking human physiology severely hinders the development and clinical translation of therapies and drugs with higher in vivo efficacy. Bioprinting allow us to fill this gap and generate 3D tissue analogues with complex functional and structural organization through the precise spatial positioning of multiple materials and cells. In this review, we report the latest developments in terms of bioprinting technologies for the manufacturing of cellular constructs with particular emphasis on material extrusion, jetting, and vat photopolymerization. We then describe the different base polymers employed in the formulation of bioinks for bioprinting and examine the strategies used to tailor their properties according to both processability and tissue maturation requirements. By relating function to organization in human development, we examine the potential of pluripotent stem cells in the context of bioprinting toward a new generation of tissue models for personalized medicine. We also highlight the most relevant attempts to engineer artificial models for the study of human organogenesis, disease, and drug screening. Finally, we discuss the most pressing challenges, opportunities, and future prospects in the field of bioprinting for tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine (RM).

Flexible coatings with dual capabilities for remote real-time temperature sensing and photothermal conversion have a huge potential in the field of advanced thermal actuated optoelectronic applicat...

Aims NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 but not NOX4-dependent oxidative stress plays a role in diabetic vascular disease, including atherosclerosis. Endothelin (ET)-1 has been implicated in diabetes-induced vascular complications. We showed that crossing mice overexpressing human ET-1 selectively in endothelium (eET-1) with apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice enhanced high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in part by increasing oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that ET-1 overexpression in the endothelium would worsen atherosclerosis in type-1 diabetes through a mechanism involving NOX1 but not NOX4. Methods and results Six-week-old male Apoe-/- and eET-1/Apoe-/- mice with or without Nox1 (Nox1-/y) or Nox4 knockout (Nox4-/-) were injected intraperitoneally with either vehicle or streptozotocin (55 mg/kg/day) for 5 days to induce type-1 diabetes and were studied 14 weeks later. ET-1 overexpression increased 2.5-fold and 5-fold the atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic sinus and arch of diabetic Apoe-/- mice, respectively. Deletion of Nox1 reduced aortic arch plaque size by 60%; by contrast, Nox4 knockout increased lesion size by 1.5-fold. ET-1 overexpression decreased aortic sinus and arch plaque alpha smooth muscle cell content by ∼35% and ∼50%, respectively, which was blunted by Nox1 but not Nox4 knockout. Reactive oxygen species production was increased 2-fold in aortic arch perivascular fat of diabetic eET-1/Apoe-/- and eET-1/Apoe-/- / Nox4-/- mice but not eET-1/Apoe-/- / Nox1y/- mice. ET-1 overexpression enhanced monocyte/macrophage and CD3+ T cell infiltration ∼2.7-fold in the aortic arch perivascular fat of diabetic Apoe-/- mice. Both Nox1 and Nox4 knockout blunted CD3+ T cell infiltration whereas only Nox1 knockout prevented the monocyte/macrophage infiltration in diabetic eET-1/Apoe-/- mice. Conclusions Endothelium ET-1 overexpression enhances the progression of atherosclerosis in type-1 diabetes, perivascular oxidative stress and inflammation through NOX1. Translational perspective We demonstrate that endothelial cell-restricted human ET-1 overexpression worsens atherosclerosis in diabetes and causes perivascular oxidative stress and inflammation, extending our previous findings to a model of type-1 diabetes mellitus. We also show that these effects are mediated through NOX1 and that atherosclerosis is worsened by loss of NOX4, providing evidence that NADPH oxidase isoforms play differential roles in plaque progression. These results offer new approaches to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis in diabetes, which is associated with significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events.

The general use of smartphones assigns additional relevance to QR codes as a privileged tool to the Internet of Things (IoT). Crucial for QR codes is the evolution to IoT-connected smart tags with enhanced storage capacity and secure accesses. Using the concept of super-modules (s-modules) built from adjacent spatial multiplexed modules with regular geometrical shapes, assisted by colour multiplexing, we modelled and design a single QR code with, at least, the triple storage capacity of an analogous size black/white QR code, acting as a smart-tag ensuring restrict access and trackability. The s-modules are printed using luminescent low-cost and eco-friendly inks based on organic-inorganic hybrids modified by lanthanides with multiplexed colour emission in the orthogonal RGB space. The access to the restrict information is attained only under UV irradiation and encrypted for secure transmission. The concept of active QR codes for smart trackability and IoT was materialised through the development of a free friendly-user mobile app.

Solution-processed thin films of crystalline silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) have a great potential for a wide variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, such films are inherent...

We evaluated the effects of long-term (48 h) electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus (CS) in hypertensive rats. L-NAME-treated (10 days) Wistar rats were implanted with a catheter in the femoral artery and a miniaturized electrical stimulator attached to electrodes positioned around the left CS, encompassing the CS nerve. One day after implantation, arterial pressure (AP) was directly recorded in conscious animals for 60 min. Square pulses (1 ms, 3 V, 30 Hz) were applied intermittently (20/20 s ON/OFF) to the CS for 48 h. After the end of stimulation, AP was recorded again. Nonstimulated rats (control group) and rats without electrodes around the CS (sham-operated) were also studied. Next, the animals were decapitated, and segments of mesenteric resistance arteries were removed to study vascular function. After the stimulation period, AP was 16 ± 5 mmHg lower in the stimulated group, whereas sham-operated and control rats showed similar AP between the first and second recording periods. Heart rate variability (HRV) evaluated using time and frequency domain tools and a nonlinear approach (symbolic analysis) suggested that hypertensive rats with electrodes around the CS, stimulated or not, exhibited a shift in cardiac sympathovagal balance towards parasympathetic tone. The relaxation response to acetylcholine in endothelium-intact mesenteric arteries was enhanced in rats that underwent CS stimulation for 48 h. In conclusion, long-term CS stimulation is effective in reducing AP levels, improving HRV and increasing mesenteric vascular relaxation in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Moreover, only the presence of electrodes around the CS is effective in eliciting changes in HRV similar to those observed in stimulated rats.

Solid-state light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are driving the lighting industry towards efficient and environmentally friendly lighting and displays. Current challenges encompass efficient and low-cost down-shifting phosphors with tuned emission colors. Green light lies on the low-loss optical transmission window in plastic optical fibers and plays a special role in the regulation of the human and plant circadian rhythms. Moreover, green-emitting phosphors may suppress the “green gap” found in semiconductor-based LEDs. In this work, a UV-photostable green-emitting complex, Tb(NaI)3(H2O)2, with NaI = nalidixic acid (1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,8-naftiridine-3-carboxylic acid), was incorporated into tripodal organic-inorganic hybrid materials. The hybrid hosts boost the absolute emission quantum yield from ≈ 0.11 (isolated complex) to ≈ 0.82 (doped hybrid), which is the largest value reported for Tb3+-based hybrid phosphors. A green-emitting LED was fabricated by coating a near-UV LED (365 nm) with a Tb3+-activated organic-inorganic hybrid having pure-green-colored light with Commission International de l'Eclairage color coordinates and an efficacy value of (0.33, 0.59) and 1.3 lm W–1, respectively. published

We report the synthesis of a Y3TaO7 solid solution containing a high Eu3+ concentration (from 7 up to 50 mol%) and investigate how Eu3+ influences the Y3TaO7 crystallization process. To this end, we evaluate the Y3TaO7 structural features and photoluminescence properties after Eu3+ introduction into the Y3TaO7 lattice. The higher the Eu3+ ion concentration, the more stable the crystallization process of the Y3TaO7 phase seems to be. The Eu3+-containing Y3TaO7 displays intense orange-reddish, broad band emission because Eu3+ occupies different symmetry sites in the host and causes inhomogeneous broadening. Eu3+ emission quenching due to Eu3+ concentration is negligible up to 30 mol% and absolute quantum yield values of up to nearly 30% were obtained, making Eu3+-containing Y3TaO7 interesting materials for application as high-intensity emitters in photonics.

Lean in project management is an essential methodology for success in the automotive industry. This industry, usually, focuses its strategy in continuous improvement, governed by the Japanese model, the Toyota Production System (TPS). The challenge of this work was the industrialization of a component for an automotive OEM customer, respecting the quality and price ratio. This project was carried out focused on the use of the DMADV methodology in the management of an industrialization project regarding an updated part for the automotive industry. Thus, the process was mapped in detail, using five main steps: Define, Measure, Analyse, Design and Verify. The product corresponds to a piping system for air conditioning of motor vehicles. Its production in series needed a strong improvement in order to fulfill the demanding program required by the market and comply with the quality - price ratio. It was concluded that the project allowed the development of prototypes from the embryonic stage (2D) to the final design. During the industrialization project, finished prototypes were shipped to the customer following the milestones required by the customer, without any nonconformity in the final product. At a later stage, the transition from industrialization to serial production was successfully completed.

A structured electromagnetic reservoir can result in novel dynamics of quantum emitters. In particular, the reservoir can be tailored to have a memory of past interactions with emitters, in contrast to memory-less Markovian dynamics of typical open systems. In this Article, we investigate the non-Markovian dynamics of a superconducting qubit strongly coupled to a superconducting slow-light waveguide reservoir. Tuning the qubit into the spectral vicinity of the passband of this waveguide, we find non-exponential energy relaxation as well as substantial changes to the qubit emission rate. Further, upon addition of a reflective boundary to one end of the waveguide, we observe revivals in the qubit population on a timescale 30 times longer than the inverse of the qubit's emission rate, corresponding to the round-trip travel time of an emitted photon. By tuning of the qubit-waveguide interaction strength, we probe a crossover between Markovian and non-Markovian qubit emission dynamics. These attributes allow for future studies of multi-qubit circuits coupled to structured reservoirs, in addition to constituting the necessary resources for generation of multiphoton highly entangled states., 19 pages, 11 figures with appendices

The optimal management of immunosuppression in transplant patients infected with COVID-19 is unknown. We performed an in vitro study to determine the effect of individual immunosuppressive agents on SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell cytokine expression. Convalescent peripheral blood mononuclear cells from eleven non-immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19 were pre-incubated with clinically relevant concentrations of immunosuppressive drugs (tacrolimus, mycophenolate, sirolimus, prednisone) and then stimulated with a SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool. Supernatants were analyzed by 14-plex high sensitivity T-cell cytokine array. With increasing concentrations of tacrolimus, there was a trend to reduction in the release of IL-2 (p = 0.0137), and IFN-γ (p = 0.0147) in response to peptide stimulation. There was also a subsequent trend towards a Th2 phenotype, indicated by lower IFN- γ:IL-13 ratio (p = 0.0663) and IFNv:IL-4 ratio (p = 0.0176). Sirolimus appeared to be associated with a pro-inflammatory cytokine release, including TNF-α (p = 0.0027) and IL-1β (p = 0.0016), in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides. In contrast, mycophenolate and prednisone did not influence the SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine response. These are preliminary findings only, with larger studies required to inform clinical recommendations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue and remodels in response to exercise training. Using short RNA sequencing, we determine the miRNA profile of skeletal muscle from healthy male volunteers before and after a 14-day aerobic exercise training regime. Among the exercise training-responsive miRNAs identified, miR-19b-3p was selected for further validation. Overexpression of miR-19b-3p in human skeletal muscle cells increases insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and maximal oxygen consumption, recapitulating the adaptive response to aerobic exercise training. Overexpression of miR-19b-3p in mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscle enhances contraction-induced glucose uptake, indicating that miR-19b-3p exerts control on exercise training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle. Potential targets of miR-19b-3p that are reduced after aerobic exercise training include KIF13A, MAPK6, RNF11, and VPS37A. Amongst these, RNF11 silencing potentiates glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle cells. Collectively, we identify miR-19b-3p as an aerobic exercise training-induced miRNA that regulates skeletal muscle glucose metabolism., Exercise induces structural and functional adaptations in skeletal muscle that involve transcriptomic remodeling, including of miRNA expression. Here the authors examine the expression of miRNAs in human muscle following exercise training and investigate the functions of miR-19b-3p on glucose metabolism in cells and mouse muscle.

Introduction In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, emergency medical system delays importantly affect outcomes. The effect of admission time in STEMI patients is dubious when percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred reperfusion strategy. Aims The authors aimed to retrospectively describe the association between admission time and STEMI patient's care standards and outcomes. Methods Characteristics and outcomes of 1222 consecutive STEMI patients treated in a PCI-centre were collected. On-hours were defined as admission on non-national-holidays from Monday to Friday from 8 AM to 6 PM. Time delays, in-hospital and one-year all-cause mortality were assessed. Results A total of 439 patients (36%) were admitted on-hours and 783 patients (64%) were admitted off-hours. Baseline characteristics were well-balanced between groups, including the percentage of patients admitted in cardiogenic shock (on-hours: 4.6% vs off-hours 4%; p=0.62). Median emergency system dependent time to reperfusion (i.e. first-medical contact to reperfusion) did not differ between the two groups (on-hours: 120 min vs. off-hours 123 min, p=0.54). The authors observed no association between admission time and in-hospital mortality (on-hours: 5% vs. off-hours 4.9%, p=0.90) or 1-year mortality (on-hours: 10% vs. off-hours 10%, p=0.97). In patients admitted directly in the PCI-centre, median time from first-medical contact to reperfusion (on-hours: 87 min vs off-hours: 88 min, p=0.54), in-hospital mortality (on-hours: 4% vs off-hours: 7%, p=0.30) and 1 year mortality (on-hours: 9% vs off-hours: 13%, p=0.27) did not differ between the two groups. Survival analysis showed no survival benefit of on-hours PCI over off-hours PCI (HR 1.01; 95% CI [0.77–1.46], p=0.95). Conclusion In a contemporary well-organized emergency network, STEMI patients admission time in the PCI-centre was not associated with reperfusion delays or increased mortality. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Kaplan-Meier curve

© 2021 by the authors., Early diagnosis of pediatric cancer is key for adequate patient management and improved outcome. Although multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) has proven of great utility in the diagnosis and classification of hematologic malignancies, its application to non-hematopoietic pediatric tumors remains limited. Here we designed and prospectively validated a new single eight-color antibody combination—solid tumor orientation tube, STOT—for diagnostic screening of pediatric cancer by MFC. A total of 476 samples (139 tumor mass, 138 bone marrow, 86 lymph node, 58 peripheral blood, and 55 other body fluid samples) from 296 patients with diagnostic suspicion of pediatric cancer were analyzed by MFC vs. conventional diagnostic procedures. STOT was designed after several design–test–evaluate–redesign cycles based on a large panel of monoclonal antibody combinations tested on 301 samples. In its final version, STOT consists of a single 8-color/12-marker antibody combination (CD99-CD8/numyogenin/CD4-EpCAM/CD56/GD2/smCD3-CD19/cyCD3-CD271/CD45). Prospective validation of STOT in 149 samples showed concordant results with the patient WHO/ICCC-3 diagnosis in 138/149 cases (92.6%). These included: 63/63 (100%) reactive/disease-free samples, 43/44 (98%) malignant and 4/4 (100%) benign non-hematopoietic tumors together with 28/38 (74%) leukemia/lymphoma cases; the only exception was Hodgkin lymphoma that required additional markers to be stained. In addition, STOT allowed accurate discrimination among the four most common subtypes of malignant CD45− CD56++ non-hematopoietic solid tumors: 13/13 (GD2++ numyogenin− CD271−/+ nuMyoD1− CD99− EpCAM−) neuroblastoma samples, 5/5 (GD2− numyogenin++ CD271++ nuMyoD1++ CD99−/+ EpCAM−) rhabdomyosarcomas, 2/2 (GD2−/+ numyogenin− CD271+ nuMyoD1− CD99+ EpCAM−) Ewing sarcoma family of tumors, and 7/7 (GD2− numyogenin− CD271+ nuMyoD1− CD99− EpCAM+) Wilms tumors. In summary, here we designed and validated a new standardized antibody combination and MFC assay for diagnostic screening of pediatric solid tumors that might contribute to fast and accurate diagnostic orientation and classification of pediatric cancer in routine clinical practice., This research was funded by the EuroFlow Consortium; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FAPERJ), numbers: E26/110.105/2014, E-26/010.101259/2018, and E26/102.191/2013; grant from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brasília, Brazil (CNPQ), Brasília, Brazil, numbers: 303765/2018-6, 409440/2016-7, and 400194/2014-7; and Instituto Desiderata/Chevron, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, grant “Actions to improve pediatric cancer assistance in RJ”; the EuroFlow Consortium (grant LSHB-CT-2006-018708); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBER-ONC; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Madrid, Spain and FONDOS FEDER), numbers: CB16/12/00400, CB16/12/00233, CB16/12/00369, CB16/12/00489 and CB16/12/00480; grant from Bilateral Cooperation Program between Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES (Brasília/Brazil) and Dirección General de Políticas Universitárias (DGPU)-Ministério de Educación, Cultura y Deportes (Madrid/Spain) number DGPU 311/15.

Background Larvicides are typically applied to fixed and findable mosquito breeding sites, such as fish farming ponds used in commercial aquaculture, to kill immature forms and thereby reduce the size of adult malaria vector populations. However, there is little evidence suggesting that larviciding may suppress community-wide malaria transmission outside Africa. Here, we tested whether the biological larvicide VectoMax FG applied at monthly intervals to fish farming ponds can reduce malaria incidence in Amazonian Brazil. Methods This study was carried out in Vila Assis Brasil (VAB; population 1700), a peri-urban malaria hotspot in northwestern Brazil with a baseline annual parasite incidence of 553 malaria cases per 1000 inhabitants. The intervention consisted of monthly treatments with 20 kg/ha of VectoMax FG of all water-filled fish ponds in VAB (n ranging between 167 and 170) with a surface area between 20 and 8000 m2, using knapsack power mistblowers. We used single-group interrupted time-series analysis to compare monthly larval density measurements in fish ponds during a 14-month pre-intervention period (September 2017–October 2018), with measurements made during November 2018–October 2019 and shortly after the 12-month intervention (November 2019). We used interrupted time-series analysis with a comparison group to contrast the malaria incidence trends in VAB and nearby nonintervention localities before and during the intervention. Results Average larval densities decreased tenfold in treated fish farming ponds, from 0.467 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.444–0.490) anopheline larvae per dip pre-intervention (September 2017–October 2018) to 0.046 (95% CI, 0.041–0.051) larvae per dip during (November 2018–October 2019) and shortly after the intervention (November 2019). Average malaria incidence rates decreased by 0.08 (95% CI, 0.04–0.11) cases per 100 person-months (P Conclusions Regular larviciding is associated with a dramatic decrease in larval density and a modest but significant decrease in community-wide malaria incidence. Larviciding may provide a valuable complementary vector control strategy in commercial aquaculture settings across the Amazon. Graphical abstract

The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (TRP) degradation (KP) generates metabolites with effects on metabolism, immunity, and mental health. Endurance exercise training can change KP metabolites by changing the levels of KP enzymes in skeletal muscle. This leads to a metabolite pattern that favors energy expenditure and an anti-inflammatory immune cell profile and reduces neurotoxic metabolites. Here, we aimed to understand if TRP supplementation in untrained vs. trained subjects affects KP metabolite levels and biological effects. Our data show that chronic TRP supplementation in mice increases all KP metabolites in circulation, and that exercise reduces the neurotoxic branch of the pathway. However, in addition to increasing wheel running, we did not observe other effects of TRP supplementation on training adaptations, energy metabolism or behavior in mice. A similar increase in KP metabolites was seen in trained vs. untrained human volunteers that took a TRP drink while performing a bout of aerobic exercise. With this acute TRP administration, TRP and KYN were higher in the trained vs. the untrained group. Considering the many biological effects of the KP, which can lead to beneficial or deleterious effects to health, our data encourage future studies of the crosstalk between TRP supplementation and physical exercise.

Noisy traces, gaps in coverage, or irregular/inadequate trace spacing are common problems in both land and marine surveys, possibly hindering the geological interpretation of an area of interest. This problem has been typically addressed in the literature using prestack data; however, prestack data are not always available. As an alternative, poststack interpolations may aid the geological interpretation by increasing the spatial density of a seismic section and can also be used to reconstruct entire sections by interpolating neighboring traces, reducing field costs. In this letter, we evaluate the performance of conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) as an interpolation tool for improving seismic data resolution on a public poststack seismic data set and compare our results with the traditional cubic interpolation. To perform the comparisons, we used structural similarity (SSIM), mean squared error (mse), and local binary patterns (LBPs) texture descriptor. The results show that cGANs outperform traditional algorithms by up to 72% and that the texture descriptor was able to better capture image similarities, producing results more coherent with the visual perception.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:27:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The powered swing-by maneuver is described by the parameters that define the orbit of the spacecraft and the ones that define the impulse applied. In this case the impulse is applied in the periapsis of the orbit around the body used for the close approach. It is important to consider that the values of the parameters involved in this maneuver are susceptible to errors, in particular the ones relative to the impulse, which can affect the energy variation and, consequently, the orbit obtained after the maneuver. This paper has the goal of studying several aspects related to the optimization of this maneuver, particularly verifying the sensitivity of the maneuver to these parameters and the effects that their errors make in a swing-by maneuver. The errors coming from the impulsive maneuver is the most important problem when considering powered swing-by, and it is usually the main reason to avoid this technique. Therefore, this paper will study the effects of these errors and compare them with the errors due to other variables involved in the close approach. It also shows the best direction to apply the impulse, as a function of the impulse magnitude and the regions of optimality of this maneuver. Department of Mathematics Paulista State University–UNESP National Institute of Space Research–INPE Department of Mathematics Paulista State University–UNESP FAPESP: 2016/ 24561-0 FAPESP: 2016/14665-2 FAPESP: 2016/23542-1 CNPq: 300923/2017-1 CNPq: 301338/2016-7 CNPq: 312813/2013-9 CNPq: 406841/2016-0

Introduction: In a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) program, interhospital transfer of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can increase ischemic time, compared to patients who are admitted directly to a catheterization laboratory. Objective: To assess the impact of interhospital transfer in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, in terms of time to reperfusion and one-year mortality. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, longitudinal study of patients with STEMI admitted to Hospital de Braga between June 2011 and May 2016, who were treated successfully within 12 hours of symptom onset. A total of 1222 patients were included and divided into two groups according to admission to Hospital de Braga: direct or interhospital transfer. Results: In this study, 37.0% (n=452) of the population were admitted directly to Hospital de Braga and 63.0% (n=770) were transferred from other hospitals. Although timings (in min) until reperfusion were longer in interhospital transfer patients (symptom onset-first medical contact (median 76.5, IQR 40.3–150 vs. 91.0, IQR 50–180, p=0.002), first medical contact-reperfusion (median 87.5, IQR 69.0–114 vs. 145, IQR 115–199, p

Objective: This study verifies the relationship between the remuneration of the board of directors and the remuneration of executives, as well as the relationship between these remunerations, and the economic and financial performance of Brazilian publicly-held companies.Method: The work promotes the analysis by estimating two regression models with panel data, pooled independent cross-sections and fixed effects.Originality/Relevance: Scientific studies on remuneration in Brazil have focused on the relationship of remuneration with the economic-financial performance of companies and/or with the characteristics of corporate governance. However, there is still room to investigate possible mechanisms of reciprocity between salary increase of statutory directors and the remuneration increase among members of the boards of directors.Results: The results indicate that the remuneration of the board of directors is positively related to the remuneration of executives; that these remunerations do not present a significant relation with the economic-financial performance of the companies; and that cash flow risk is negatively related to executive compensation.Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: The study provides evidence of a synchronism between remuneration of executives and directors, a fact that may explain why the remuneration of these agents is not related to the economic-financial performance of the companies. Also, it shows that executive compensation packages contribute to reducing the risk of the cash flows to which companies are exposed., Objetivo: Este estudo verifica a relação existente entre a remuneração do conselho administrativo e a remuneração dos executivos, bem como analisa a relação destas remunerações com o desempenho econômico-financeiro das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto.Método: O trabalho promove as análises por meio da estimação de dois modelos de regressão com dados em painel, o pooled independent cross-sections e o de efeitos fixos. Originalidade/Relevância: Estudos científicos sobre remuneração no Brasil têm focado na relação da remuneração com o desempenho econômico-financeiro das empresas e/ou com as características da governança corporativa. Entretanto, ainda há espaço para investigar possíveis mecanismos de reciprocidade entre aumento salarial dos diretores estatutários e o aumento da remuneração dos membros dos conselhos de administração.Resultados: Os resultados indicam que a remuneração do conselho administrativo está positivamente relacionada à remuneração dos executivos; que essas remunerações não apresentam relação significativa com o desempenho econômico-financeiro das empresas; e que o risco dos fluxos de caixa está negativamente relacionado à remuneração dos executivos.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O estudo fornece evidências de sincronismo entre a remuneração dos executivos e a remuneração dos conselheiros, fato que pode explicar por que a remuneração desses agentes não está relacionada ao desempenho econômico-financeiro das empresas. Além disso, evidencia que os pacotes remuneratórios dos executivos contribuem para reduzir o risco dos fluxos de caixa ao qual as empresas estão expostas.

Networks of metallic nanowires have the potential to meet the needs of next-generation device technologies that require flexible transparent conductors. At present, there does not exist a first principles model capable of predicting the electro-optical performance of a nanowire network. Here we combine an electrical model derived from fundamental material properties and electrical equations with an optical model based on Mie theory scattering of light by small particles. This approach enables the generation of analogues for any nanowire network and then accurately predicts, without the use of fitting factors, the optical transmittance and sheet resistance of the transparent electrode. Predictions are validated using experimental data from the literature of networks comprised of a wide range of aspect ratios (nanowire length/diameter). The separation of the contributions of the material resistance and the junction resistance allows the effectiveness of post-deposition processing methods to be evaluated and provides a benchmark for the minimum attainable sheet resistance. The predictive power of this model enables a material-by-design approach, whereby suitable systems can be prescribed for targeted technology applications.

Background There is interest in better understanding vessel pathology in asthma, given the findings of loss of peripheral vasculature associated with disease severity by imaging and altered markers of endothelial activation. To date, vascular changes in asthma have been described mainly at the submucosal capillary level of the bronchial microcirculation, with sparse information available on the pathology of bronchial and pulmonary arteries. The aim of this study was to describe structural and endothelial activation markers in bronchial arteries (BAs) and pulmonary arteries (PAs) of asthma patients who died during a fatal asthma attack. Methods Autopsy lung tissue was obtained from 21 smoking and non-smoking patients who died of an asthma attack and nine non-smoking control patients. Verhoeff–Masson trichrome staining was used to analyse the structure of arteries. Using immuno-histochemistry and image analyses, we quantified extracellular matrix (ECM) components (collagen I, collagen III, versican, tenascin, fibronectin, elastic fibres), adhesion molecules [vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)] and markers of vascular tone/dysfunction [endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2)] in PAs and BAs. Results There were no significant differences in ECM components, ICAM-1, ET-1 or AT2 between asthma patients and controls. Smoking asthma patients presented with decreased content of collagen III in both BA (p = 0.046) and PA (p = 0.010) walls compared to non-smoking asthma patients. Asthma patients had increased VCAM-1 content in the BA wall (p = 0.026) but not in the PA wall. Conclusion Our data suggest that the mechanisms linking asthma and arterial functional abnormalities might involve systemic rather than local mediators. Loss of collagen III in the PA was observed in smoking asthma patients, and this was compatible with the degradative environment induced by cigarette smoking. Our data also reinforce the idea that the mechanisms of leukocyte efflux via adhesion molecules differ between bronchial and pulmonary circulation, which might be relevant to understanding and treating the distal lung in asthma.

The recent advances in coherent optical systems enable the use of efficient modulation formats, such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). In this framework, we present an integrated 90° hybrid 2 × 4 coupler based on self-patternable organic–inorganic hybrid thin films fabricated using direct laser writing. The device was coupled to balanced photodiodes, resulting in an optical coherent receiver with capacity to extract the modulated data. The device performance was demonstrated for a transmission over 40 km (G.652 fiber) with a 20 Gb/s QPSK, yielding a 2.5 dB power penalty (BER = 3.8 × 10−3), being the best figures of merit for waveguides processed by low-cost patterning techniques. Furthermore, the hybrid materials are thermally and mechanically stable than polymers, with lower fiber-to-device insertion losses. Therefore, the proposed optical coherent receiver is an easy processed and cost-effective approach for the next generation of optical access networks.

Liquid level sensing is nowadays a relevant issue in a broad range of applications, forcing the sensors performance and cost to be evaluated in parallel. This paper proposes a fiber optic-based liquid level sensor system using a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) embedded into a polyurethane resin diaphragm. The FPI is based on microcavities generated upon catastrophic fuse effect, enabling the fiber recycling and sensors fabrication in a cost-effective way, compared to traditional methods. To enable the simultaneous temperature control, a fiber Bragg grating was used as thermal reference sensor to compensate the temperature cross-sensitivity. The sensor prototype was tested in a field application, using two different configurations, an open chamber configuration, where the diaphragm is in contact with the atmosphere, and a closed chamber configuration revealing the sensitivities of 4.4 ± 0.1 pm/mm and 1.57 ± 0.04 pm/mm, respectively. These sensitivity values are within the figures of merit for diaphragm-based sensors as reported recently.

Introduction: The correct breathing process is through the nasal route, since it provides that the air during aspiration is filtered, humidified and heated, thus conditioning the lungs for gas exchange to occur. Allergic processes or other forms of affections can lead to the obstruction of the passage of air through the nose, leading the body to make an alternative adaptation for the passage of air to occur through the mouth. A person who uses the mouth to breathe is called a mouth breather. Once this adaptive process occurs, as a way to compensate for this alternative airway, the body promotes a series of alterations in several segments of the body, such as changes in the postural, respiratory, behavioral and stomatognathic systems. Several techniques are used to treat the musculoskeletal dysfunctions presented by mouth breathers. Objective: to analyze how physiotherapy can contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of mouth breathing children and to find out which are the most effective treatments. Methods: a search of data in the literature was carried out by consulting the following electronic databases: Scielo, Bireme, Pub Med, Lilacs Google Scholar, as well as specialized books in the field. We excluded articles published before the year 2000. Result: Among the analyzed articles, we perceive that the treatment of mouth breathers occurs in a multidisciplinary way, since it presents changes that encompass several body and systemic segments. Among the professionals involved in the rehabilitation process, we highlight the role of physiotherapists. Conclusion: the physiotherapist is qualified to intervene in this pathology, with expertise in evaluation and establishment of the best treatment program, with physiotherapeutic conduits, allowing an improvement in respiratory patterns. Keywords: Mouth breathing children; Physiotherapy; Postural evaluation; Treatment.