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Energy communities is a new, but already successful prosumer model of the local energy systems' construction. It is based on distributed energy sources and the electricity consumers’ flexibility who are the members of the community. In search of the most effective ways to interact within themselves and with the external energy system, local energy communities become platforms for exciting experiments in the field of new energy practices including local markets for flexibility, building cooperative microgrids, achieving energy autonomy, and many others. This work aims to present a unified approach to building and optimally managing the community microgrids with an internal market, given the social, environmental, and economic benefits of a particular location of such a community. A new modeling framework is introduced, based on bilevel programming and reinforcement learning, for structuring and solving the internal local market of a community microgrids, composed of entities that may exchange energy and services among themselves. The overall framework is formulated in the form of a bilevel model, where the lower level problem clears the market, while the upper level problem plays the role of the community microgrid operator (Community EMS). We strengthen the traditional bilevel problem statement by the local energy management system (Local EMS) introduction based on Monte-Carlo tree search algorithm. Our approach makes it possible to enable interaction of the local control systems for microgrids with the community microgrid operator as part bilevel programming problem solution. Numerical results obtained on the real test case of the microgrid community for the settlements located in the Transbaikal National Park (Russia), which include various renewable energy sources (wind, solar power, biomass gasifiers) and storage devices, show reduction of the LCOE index from 20% to 40% and improving the quality of electricity supply to the analyzed settlements.

The increase in the total number of machines in the middle of the 20th century led to a rise in the number of repair services and served as an impetus for the start of work to improve the reliability of mechanical equipment based on the statistical probabilistic approach, the provisions of terotechnology and methods of technical diagnostics. Maintaining machines and mechanisms in working condition has become quite expensive. On the other hand, reducing the cost of maintenance and repairs leads to a violation of the continuity of the technological cycle. Existing trends in mechanical engineering and in the general paradigm of the development of civilization indicate a tendency to reduce the durability of parts and units. The manufacture of products with a long service life becomes economically unviable, which is the essence of the paradox. The article considers the examples of implementation of various approaches to the operation of equipment during maintenance and repair. The prerequisites for the necessity of conducting repairs are analyzed. It is recommended to try to reach a compromise between the manufacturer and the consumer on the basis of long-term contracts for the supply of spare parts or the provision of equipment maintenance services. The urgency of the problem is further justified by the high rate of robotization, since robots also need to be repaired. In this regard, the authors express the hope that this article will be useful in solving the problem of the repair.

Ultrafast nonlinear dynamics driven by high-peak-power ultrashort mid-infrared (mid-IR) pulses gives rise to ultrabroadband radiation whose spectrum spans over multiple decades, stretching from the terahertz (THz) to the microwave range. We show that, despite its enormous, multidecade bandwidth, an accurate spectral and spatial-mode characterization of this radiation is possible via a suitable combination of mutually complementary signal-analysis methods borrowed from ultrafast optics, radio electronics, THz photonics, and microwave engineering. This analysis reveals intense subgigahertz radiation emitted as a part of mid-IR-driven supercontinuum generation and shows that microwave-to-THz field waveforms can almost reach the diffraction limit in their beam focusability, yielding field strengths above 3 MV/cm.

Purpose: To analyze a number of immunohistochemical markers as predictors of the radiosensitivity of rectal adenocarcinoma. Material and methods: The study included 122 patients with histologically verified rectal adenocarcinoma, varying degrees of differentiation, and the stage of the tumor process I-IIIC, T2-T4b /N0-N2b/ M0, with the localization of the tumor in the lower-middle-ampullary parts of the rectum. Predictors included in the research: Ki67, p53, EGFR, Bcl2, COX2, P21, E-cadherin. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy was performed up to 48–50 Gy with the use of medications (5-FU, Cisplatin) as a radio modifiers. The analysis was carried out according to the degree of severity of therapeutic pathomorphosis (according to Mandard), a decrease in the stage before surgery. Results: A full course of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery was performed at 121 patients, one patient died of concomitant cardiac pathology during the break. The first degree of Mandard pathomorphosis (complete resorption) registered at 12 patients. The second degree (preservation of a few tumor cells against the background of fibrotic changes) – at 27 patients. The third degree (a large number of preserved tumor cells against the background of the predominance of fibrosis) – at 38 patients. The fourth degree (tumor cells predominate over fibrotic changes) – at 27 patients. The fifth degree (complete absence of signs of tumor regression, absence of fibrosis) – at 2 patients. A decrease in the stage of the tumor process according to the preoperative comprehensive examination registered in 114 (94.2%) patients, in 9 (7.4%) patients – there was no dynamics. During the observation period from 2006 until nowadays, 10 people are known to have died. Years in remission range from 3 months to 22 years. According to the results of multivariate and multiple regression analyses, it is possible to successfully predict the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy, both with the use of biomarkers (Ki67, p53, EGFR, Bcl2, COX2, P21, E-cadherin), and traditional indicators (histological type, stage of the disease, gender, degree of differentiation). It turned out, that both traditional indicators and immunohistochemical indicators work equally well, regardless of each other. Conclusion: Studied immunohistochemical predictors of radiosensitivity of rectal adenocarcinoma, allow to assess the degree of radiosensitivity or radioresistance of the tumor in each patient before the start of preoperative chemoradiotherapy by doing so, it warns us about the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of chemoradiotherapy in a specific clinical situation, which allows us to individualize the approach to treatment, choosing a more suitable treatment method for the patient: neoadjuvant chemotherapy or surgery.

The problem of assessing the dynamic stresses arising from vibrations of the blades of turbo machines is an urgent and significant problem affecting the overall reliability of the turbo machine. Its solution requires a mathematical study and a physical experiment to determine the intensity of the gas flow impact and the blade reaction.However, there is relatively little information in the scientific publications on this issue. The article considers a semi-empirical method for calculating dynamic stresses at the base of a variable cross-section blade at the first tone resonant vibrations. These vibrations can be considered as the most dangerous because of the maximum amplitude. To perform the calculation a real blade was replaced with a calculated one, composed of separate portions with a constant profile, and the contribution of each part to the stress in the base section was determined. An example of calculating the dynamic stress by the proposed method with a resonant vibration of the first tone of a constant-section blade is given. The calculation showed that the solution to a complex problem can be represented as a sum of solutions to simpler problems. The calculation method can be used in the design of turbine and compressor blades.

Introduction. The present study was designed to evaluate analgetic effect of xenon-oxygen mixture inhalations in oncological patients with abdominal tumors in postoperative period. Materials and methods. It was randomized blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, which was performed in 60 patients: 31 of them were in the main group and received xenon-oxygen mixture containing 25 ± 5 % xenon and other 29 were in the placebo group and received oxygen-air mixture. Results. According to the visual-analogical scale of pain, significant decreasing of the pain level was found in the main group after the inhalation and 30 minutes later in 90.3 % (p < 0.01) and 80.6 % of patients (p < 0.05) accordingly. The same result was found in the placebo group in 37.9 % of patients after oxygen-air mixture inhalation and 30 minutes later in 27.4 % of patients. The pain threshold measured with transcutaneal electroneurostimulation significantly increased in the xenon group after the inhalation (p < 0.01) and 30 minutes later (p < 0.05). In the placebo group no difference between the measurements was found. Conclusions. Xenon-oxygen mixture inhalation leads to the postoperative pain level reduction and increases the pain threshold in oncological patients.

The NF-κB transcription factor controls the expression of genes responsible for cell cycle, apoptosis, and other immunoregulatory functions. Some nonspecific NF-κB inhibitors were found after discovering the possibility of blocking tumor growth through suppression of NF-κB activity, but their use was complicated by multiple side effects, such as interleukin-1β-related systemic inflammation or non-immunerelated complications, which may be due to inhibition of the p65 NF-κB subunit that plays a central role in organogenesis and inflammation. Inhibition of the c-Rel subunit leads to tumor growth restriction by modulating the T-regulatory cell activity.In 2017, Grinberg-Bleyer and co-authors checked the hypothesis that selective inhibition of the c-Rel subunit can be performed using pentoxifylline and will effectively regulate Treg activity during tumor growth. The authors showed that pentoxphylline, an FDA-approved drug, could indeed induce selective degradation of c-Rel without affecting p65, and suggested that such an effect could be effective in suppressing tumor growth. In this regard, we aimed to investigate in vitro how pentoxifylline affect the functional activity and antitumor cytotoxic potential of T-cells in cancer patients.The objects of the study were peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 25 patients with primary breast cancer (no metastases), 15 patients with metastatic breast cancer, and 25 healthy women without breast pathology. Informed consent was obtained from all donors and patients. The study was approved by the local ethics committee.Here we showed that pentoxifylline treatment in vitro enhances the pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic antitumor response via increasing the expression of TRAIL on T-lymphocytes, mainly in healthy donors and patients with metastatic breast cancer, both on intact T-cells and in response to the cells of the tumor line of human breast carcinoma ZR-75-1. In healthy donors, in the presence of pentoxifylline, a population of highly expressing TRAIL CD4 and CD8 T-cells appears.

The timely diagnosis and treatment of post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is currently limited by the erased and low-symptom nature of the disease, which leads to the search for informative biological markers of the disease, which can be used as immunological indicators of blood and urine. The study was carried out in order to establish the characteristic changes in the immunological parameters of blood and urine in patients with PIGN. The study included 60 patients with PIGN from among the patients, hospitalized in the nephrology department of the Republican Clinical Hospital of Health Care Ministry of the Chuvash Republic in 2015-2018. In addition to the generally accepted research methods, the patients underwent: 1) the determination of indicators of innate and acquired immune response in the blood (CD3+ -, CD3+ CD4+-, CD3+CD8+-, CD4+CD25+-, CD95+-, CD20+-, CD14+CD282+-, CD14+CD284+- cells; levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, circulating immune complexes, C3, C4) and urine (levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4); 2) the determination of the levels of cytokines - IL-1β, Ra-IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A in blood serum and urine. The data obtained were compared with those of the group of healthy individuals. The changes in blood immunological parameters, identified in the group of patients with PIGN, indicate the activation of innate immunity (the increase in the number of CD14+TLR2+- cells) and the humoral component of adaptive immunity (the increase in the number of B-lymphocytes, hyperimmunoglobulinemia - the increase in IgM and IgA levels) against the background of the decrease in the number of T (CD3+) - lymphocytes and regulatory (CD4+CD25high) - cells, hypocomplementemia (decreased levels of C3, C4). The increase in the content of C3, IgG and IgA was found in the urine. The cytokine profile of blood in patients with PIGN was characterized by the increase in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, Ra-IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, with the exception of IL-4, which remained on the levels of healthy individuals. The cytokine profile of urine in patients was characterized by the increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-17A and anti-inflammatory cytokine - IL-10, with no changes in the content of Ra-IL-1β and IL-4. The revealed features of the immunological profile of blood and urine in patients with PIGN reflect the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of this disease.

The paper deals with the development of a new scientific subject, the axiology of mass media, which is, on the one hand, a practical discipline of philosophical theory of values, and on the other, a natural continuation of the recently developed axiology of journalism. The last one explores journalism as a source and retranslator of social values in all their subject and semantic diversity, and journalism itself as a social value, researching the principles and ways of assimilating of socio-cultural values by journalists, and the effectiveness and methods of their representation in the audience of media. The need to deepen the theory of value analysis of the media and to broaden the scope of study is caused by growing demands from society for understanding and evaluating the processes taking place in the modern media environment, which at present are not limited to the functioning of either traditional media or Internet publications. First, media processes have gained a certain and significant expansion due to the active invasion of the information space by the so-called “mass person”, the intensification of the presence in this space of former media figures – politicians, scientists, cultural figures, etc., the arrival of new ones – bloggers, regular authors of communities, etc. The content of the media environment got expanded – texts, music, videos, games; the number of media platforms increased – messengers, telegram channels, video hosting; the problem of interaction with artificial intelligence emerged. Second, it was due to the technological revolution in the information environment of society which has become digital and, thus, in its development has acquired a new quality. The value analysis of facts, phenomena and processes of digital media communications is one of the most important methods of satisfying society’s demands for new knowledge. Thus, the construction of mass media axiology is objectively predetermined. Consideration of the preconditions for the formation of a new scientific discipline is the subject of this study. The research is based on the study of philosophical discourse on axiology, as well as relevant publications by practitioners-journalists in their professional media.

Introduction.The state of the blood flow within the capillaries and close blood vessels is highly important in practice for the revealing of pathogenetic mechanisms of both systemic and local circulatory disorders.Aimof the study was to define the parameters of microcirculation and the level of blood flow fluctuations (flux) in the distal segments of upper and lower limbs (in fingers of hands and toes of feet) in children of 6–7 years old; and to describe the possible differences in the mechanisms of blood flow modulation in boys and girls.Materials and methods.Skin microcirculation was assessed in middle fingers of hands and great toes of feet in children of 6-7 years old (14 girls and 7 boys in prone position) by means of laser doppler flowmetry.Results.The ranges for parameters of microcirculation (PM) for distal segments of upper and lower limbs in children of mentioned age group were defined, also it was shown that the PM are significantly lower in the lower limbs comparing to those of the upper limbs (both in groups of girls and boys). Asymmetry of PM in the feet was not found; the features of right hand-left hand asymmetry for PM in girls and boys are described. The analysis of modulation of blood flow fluctuations (fluxmotions) of different frequencies showed the profound role of vasomotor (myogenic) rhythm for regulation of microcirculation.Conclusion.Increased neurogenic influences on the modulation of fluxmotions in girls of 6-7 years old may be an evidence of the ongoing development of the mechanisms of blood flow regulation, particularly the association with the growth rate of girls is possible.

Issues related to the study of wear resistance, strength, and other material characteristics of parts of tillage machinery are addressed. The importance of improving the heavy-duty tool of domestic tillage machines is evaluated. Chemical compositions and mechanical properties of steels for tools of agricultural machines of leading European manufacturers are given. New grades of steel for high-strength rolled products have been developed. Comparative results of laboratory bench tests for wear resistance of commercial and prototype domestic and foreign grades of rolled steel and powder hard-alloy coatings are presented. An effective technology for hard-facing of wearable parts of tillage machinery is substantiated and analyzed. Verification comparison performance and life-cycle tests of tools manufactured using new materials and facing technology were carried out. The life of the prototype tools was increased by a factor of 2.8 to 3.8. The market potential of using new materials science and technology developments in Russian agricultural production is assessed.

Two types of long-wave infrared nBn-structures based on mercury cadmium telluride grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (013) substrates have been fabricated. For each type of device, the side walls of the mesa structures were passivated with an Al2O3 insulating film or left without passivation. The CdTe content in the absorbing layers was 0.20 and 0.21, and in the barrier layers, it was 0.61 and 0.63. The dark currents of the manufactured devices were studied in a wide range of voltages and temperatures. The values of the surface leakage component are found under various conditions. It has been shown that the surface leakage current density decreases upon passivation with an Al2O3 film. It was found that in the fabricated nBn-structures at room temperature, the surface leakage component dominates at reverse biases, and at forward biases, the dark current is determined by the combined effect of the surface leakage component and the bulk current component. From the Arrhenius plots, the values of the activation energies of the surface leakage current component were found, which are in the range from 0.05 to 0.10 eV at small reverse biases. At small reverse biases, upon cooling the samples, the role of the bulk component of the dark current increases, which at 180 K is approximately 0.81 A/cm2 . In the temperature range 200–300 K, the values of the dark current density exceed the values calculated according to the empirical Rule07 model by a factor of 10-100, which indicates the possibility of creating the long-wave infrared barrier detectors by decreasing the values of the surface leakage component.

Sensors based on the interaction between analytes and the evanescent field of a silicon nitride waveguide are emerging in the field of bio-medical and environmental applications. We designed and implemented the first single particle detector based on this sensor principle that consists of a silicon nitride waveguide with sub-micron dimensions. The detection capabilities of the prototype were demonstrated with polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres equal to or greater than O200 nm. Single PSL spheres caused a decrease of the transmission through the waveguide from 0.2 up to 10%, depending on their diameter and position with respect to the waveguide. The experiments were supported by 3D finite element method (FEM) simulations of the particle-waveguide interaction. The simulated relative scattered power of a single sphere is in agreement with experimental results obtained from two different setups. The silicon nitride photonic chip was fabricated with a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process, which is compatible with established complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes for high-volume production. The demonstrator setup was realized with an external laser and photodetector, but with recent advances in light source and detector integration, our work leverages the realization of a fully integrated, low-cost photonic particle detector.

Matrix photosensitive elements based on a HgCdTe semiconductor solid solution on silicon substrates with 640 × 512 elements at a pitch of 25 μm with a long-wavelength sensitivity of 5 μm at half maximum are designed and produced. The scheme and topology are developed according to which matrix multiplexers with 640 × 512 elements at a pitch of 25 μm, which ensure operating modes at a clock frequency up to 10 MHz, are manufactured. Using a hybrid assembly method on indium bumps, a matrix photodetector with 640 × 512 elements at a pitch of 25 μm is produced. The best photodetector specimens are characterized by the following parameters: average NETD value 99.5%.

In this paper we introduce the design of sealed ceramic-metal TO-247 and TO-220 packages, which are intended for the same applications as plactic-metal and glass-metal alternatives. Packages could be used for epitaxial Si and SiC multi-die assemblies, for GaN smart power switches, etc., with operating voltage up to 2500 V and pulsed current up to 350 A.

The implementation of large projects in the field of transport, gas and chemical industries on the territory of the Amur Region will make it possible to correct the historically formed imbalance in the location of generating power facilities and main consumers. The work presents schematic maps that clearly show the current and future state of the electrical and heat power industry of the Amur region.

Bronchial obstructive syndrome is a violation of bronchial patency of functional or organic origin, which is manifested by shortness of breath, suffocation attacks, cough, tachycardia. The most common cause of bronchial obstructive syndrome is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. In some cases, the cause of bronchial obstruction is tumors or tumor metastases to the lungs. The article describes a clinical case of bronchial obstructive syndrome, showing that all patients with bronchial asthma, in the absence of an effect from the prescribed adequate basic therapy, with no control over the disease, should be well examined for an alternative diagnosis. In our case, a thorough examination of the patient allowed the allergist to diagnose central lung cancer with metastases to the lymph nodes of the mediastinum. A feature of the case is the primary resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, revealed during a genetic study, which determined the scheme of further polychemotherapy. This clinical case proves the need for differential diagnosis, with a comprehensive approach and the use of various examination methods.

The Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) is contributing to the most recent reprocessing effort of the International GNSS Service (IGS) with a triple-system solution including GPS (since 1994), GLONASS (since 2002) and Galileo (since 2013). Several model improvements with respect to the operational processing scheme have been implemented and applied for the reprocessing effort: The first group of improvements is related to the update of IERS-related models (mean pole and high-frequency pole models). The second group is related to the inclusion of Galileo with calibrated receiver and satellite antennas. The consistency of the scale for the ground station coordinates was verified based on the estimation of GNSS-specific coordinate biases. It turned out that currently widely used GPS-based receiver antenna calibrations do compensate (just by chance) a discrepancy in the scale when using the pre-launch satellite antenna calibrations for Galileo. Furthermore and third, a long-arc solution over three days is introduced where in particular empirical velocity changes are rescheduled with respect to the operational processing chain at CODE. Instead of simply estimating them every 12 h they are now setup at orbit midnight. This rescheduling reduces the size of orbit misclosures by 10% for GPS and 15% for Galileo; no improvement for GLONASS was observed because there the orbit misclosures are dominated by other effects. Another feature applied for the first time in this reprocessing series is to downweight the observations of a number of GPS satellites with a reduced stability in the attitude control around the year 2000. This change in the analysis strategy reduces the noise level of GNSS-derived products, e.g., of the Earth rotation series. Even if the article is focusing on the reprocessing series as provided by the CODE analysis center many of the conclusions may also be applied to other GNSS series in future.

We present the Atlas of Classifiers (AoC)—a conceptually novel framework for brain MRI segmentation. The AoC is a spatial map of voxel-wise multinomial logistic regression (LR) functions learned from the labeled data. Upon convergence, the resulting fixed LR weights, a few for each voxel, represent the training dataset. It can, therefore, be considered as a light-weight learning machine, which despite its low capacity does not underfit the problem. The AoC construction is independent of the actual intensities of the test images, providing the flexibility to train it on the available labeled data and use it for the segmentation of images from different datasets and modalities. In this sense, it does not overfit the training data, as well. The proposed method has been applied to numerous publicly available datasets for the segmentation of brain MRI tissues and is shown to be robust to noise and outreach commonly used methods. Promising results were also obtained for multi-modal, cross-modality MRI segmentation. Finally, we show how AoC trained on brain MRIs of healthy subjects can be exploited for lesion segmentation of multiple sclerosis patients.

A shortage of class 2 and class 3 tractors was observed in peasant farms. As a solution to this problem, it was proposed to develop a technological module that would increase the versatility of class 1.4 tractors by transferring them to a higher traction class. (Research purpose) The authors aimed to substantiate the nominal operating power of the engine for a tractor with a technological module. (Materials and methods) To calculate the required power, the authors proposed a method that takes into account the design features of the modular construction of a machine-tractor unit. (Results and discussion) The authors showed that for a modular power unit with a 6K6 wheel arrangement, it is necessary to consider a number of additional factors having an impact on the accuracy of the calculation: firstly, the tractor’s traction and coupling properties depend on the number of driving axles; secondly, the wheel slippage along individual axes is not the same and occurs due to a constructively conditioned kinematic discrepancy in their drive; thirdly, the three-axle transmission efficiency can be determined only as a total indicator of three transmission branches, that is, to drive the tractor front and rear wheels and, separately, to drive the wheels of the technological module. The authors compared the required engine power when using a tractor with ballast and that with a technological module. (Conclusions) It was determined that in order to achieve the maximum traction force of adhesion on the hook when moving to the next higher traction class, it is necessary that the tractor, that the technological module is joint to, has the energy saturation of 2.00-2.41 kilowatts per kilonewton, which corresponds to traction and energy concept tractors whose engine power cannot be realized through traction. It was found that the power saturation of the tractor with the technological module will be equal to 1.59-1.65 kilowatts per kilonewton, which corresponds to the tractor of the traction concept and allows realizing the built-in engine power through traction.

Introduction. The development of an objective non-invasive method for intraoperative assessment of intestinal viability remains urgent for modern surgery. In this context, the method of laser fluorescence spectroscopy (LFS) of coenzymes of oxidative metabolism, as well as a combination of this technique with the simultaneous use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) seems promising. Materials and methods. The model of ischemia-reperfusion of the small intestine of 4 Californian Rabbits was used to study the relationship of the parameters of LFS and LDF with the histological picture. A model of intraoperative ischemia was used by temporarily clamping the trunk of the cranial mesenteric vascular bundle for 90 min, followed by intraoperative and postoperative reperfusion for 60 minutes and 24 hours, respectively. LDF and LFS data were recorded from intestine at the end of the intraoperative reperfusion period. 24 hours after the surgery, the animals were subjected to histologic evaluation of intestine ischemic changes, which were compared with the LDF and LFS data. Diagnostic value of LDF and LFS, and their combination for intraoperative assessment of intestinal viability were analyzed. Results. A significant correlation was found between the parameters of LDF, LFS and the degree of ischemic changes according to the histological data. The method of isolated assessment of the difference in the fluorescence of reduced nicotin adenine dinucleotide (NADH) before and after ischemia-reperfusion (77.3 %) has the greatest diagnostic value. The method has the highest sensitivity with a combination of differences in LDF and LFS values before and after ischemia-reperfusion (85.7 %) (PConclusions. LFS, as well as its combination with LDF, is a useful method for objective assessment of intestinal viability, which requires further research and has potential for clinical use.

Rationale. The search for a more effective therapy for vasospastic angina pectoris, taking into account clinical and economic indicators.Objective. To compare the clinical and economic efficiency of therapy with metoprolol tartrate and metoprolol succinate in patients with vasospastic angina.Materials and methods. A randomized study involving 77 patients with a follow-up period of 12 months was conducted. The results were compared in terms of antianginal efficacy parameters between a group of patients (n = 41) with vasospastic angina pectoris who received metoprolol tartrate (Еgilok at a dose of 25 mg 2 times a day) for standard therapy with a calcium antagonist (Norvasc), with a similar group of patients (n = 36) who received metoprolol succinate (Betaloc ZOK 50 mg). The primary endpoints were cardiovascular death, development of AMI, stroke, secondary endpoints — the number of clinically significant angina attacks, patients were followed up for 12 months (over 15 minutes, cases requiring hospitalization or calling an ambulance team).Results. During the observation period, a significant difference was obtained in the incidence of clinically significant angina attacks (p = 0.043) with an advantage in the group of patients receiving metoprolol succinate. According to the primary endpoints, there was no significant difference in the groups of metoprolol tartrate and succinate: in the number of cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.94), development of AMI (p = 0.89), stroke (p = 0.53).Conclusion. There are no significant differences in the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events, such as AMI, stroke, including those leading to death in the groups of patients with vasospastic angina taking metoprolol tartrate or succinate. However, there is a significant difference in the incidence of clinically significant anginal attacks with the advantage of succinate salt. Metoprolol tartrate has great pharmacoeconomic advantages.

Purpose: to conduct a preliminary analysis of the safety and effectiveness of hifu-therapy with a lowenergy hifu-2001 device (shenzhen Huikang Medical apparatus Co., ltd) performed concurrently with chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients who are not suitable for surgery or chemoradiotherapy.Material and Method. The study included 24 pancreatic cancer patients who were treated at the Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research institute in the period from 2016 to 2019. There were 17 (71 %) women and 7 (29 %) men. The percentage of patients in the elderly group was 79 %. Stage iia pancreatic cancer was diagnosed in 3 (12.5 %) patients, stage ii in 5 (21 %) patients, stage iii in 9 (37.5 %) patients, and stage iv in 7 (29 %) patients. All patients received combination therapy, including systemic chemotherapy and hifu-therapy. Results. The most frequent adverse events of treatment were skin burns (n=6), with third-degree burns occurring in 2 (8.3 %) patients. Local sclerosis of subcutaneous adipose tissue was observed in 4 (17 %) patients; development of asymptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts in the area of hifu exposure was observed in 1 (4 %) patient. Pain control was achieved in 17 (85 %) patients, and local tumor control was achieved in 19 (79.2 %) patients. The follow-up time ranged from 5 to 30 months with a median time of 14.5 months. The median total life expectancy of patients was 16 months, and the median time to progression was 9 months. The overall 6-month survival rate was 100 %. The 1- and 1.5-year survival rates were 75.0 % and 41.7 %, respectively. The 2-year survival rate was 17.2 %. The 6-month and 1-year disease-free survival rates were 62.5 % and 12.5 %, respectively. Conclusion. The short- and long-term outcomes were consistent with those described in other studies, which indicated that a combination of systemic drug therapy and hifu-therapy is an appropriate approach for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer.

This article focuses on current concepts of ischemic heart disease, its interventional treatment, pathomorphology of early and late postoperative complications, and forensic aspects in evaluation of restenosis of a stented blood vessel.

At present, in the conditions of increased concreteness and dynamically developing economy, every economic agent, regardless of the structure of the organization and the type of ownership, must be in the mode of continuous self-improvement. In the context of market economy, a great number of new businesses appear every day, and in order to successfully enter the market and gain a foothold in it, the company’s management is obliged to develop its own features and unique image, which ultimately results in the company’s brand. The totality of these aspects of business can be called corporate values, without which it is impossible to achieve sustainable development of the enterprise.

The paper shows the historical prerequisites and principles of the formation of the methodology for the training of mechanical engineers-metallurgists at the Department of Mechanical Equipment of Ferrous Metallurgy Plants of the Donetsk National Technical University, which is celebrating its 90th anniversary this year. The main events are described, the main directions in the work and achievements of teachers and employees of the department, who made a contribution to the training of mechanical engineers for the metallurgical industry, are presented. The combination of the "theory" and "practice" approaches has proven to be effective in training mechanical engineers in two specializations: design engineers and field engineers. The article presents brief information about the founder of the department – N.S. Shchirenko and his followers – M.Z. Levin, V.Ya. Sedush and G.V. Sopilkin, who determined the activities of the department related to the study of the actual loads acting on the parts of metallurgical machines, physical modeling and design of machines, preparation and carrying out repairs based on technical diagnostics data, failure analysis and determination of the causes of breakdowns, research in the field of management and automation of repair services. Traditionally, for many years, the department has been giving lectures to employees of metallurgical plants and conducting diagnostic schools, seminars, workshops and training courses.

In recent years, primary immunodeficiencies have turned from the class of rare diseases to the category of more common disorders which may be encountered by doctors of any clinical discipline. The first case of primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) in Chuvashia was detected in 1993. Since that time, the Department of Internal Diseases with the Course of Clinical Immunology at the I. Ulyanov Chuvash State University registered all the cases of PID diagnosed in the region, introducing them into the Republican Registry of PID. The study was aimed for searching epidemiological indexes, clinical and laboratory manifestations of PID in Chuvash region. The study was based on the patient data obtained by retrospective analysis of 85 case histories of PID patients, treated at different departments of the Republican Clinical Hospital, and the City Chuvash Pediatric Clinical Hospital of Public Health Ministry in 2000-2019, as well as on 49 outpatient records of the patients included into the Regional PID Registry. Various forms of PIDs were diagnosed according to the criteria developed by the European Society for Immunodeficiency and the Pan-American Group on Immunodeficiency (1999). The results of this study showed that the incidence of PID in the Chuivash Region is 3.4:100,000. The incidence of common variable immune deficiency (CVID), the most common form of PID in the region, was 1.58 per 100,000 population. The average age at the time of CVID diagnosis in Chuvash patients was 30.4±16.1 years, and the age of CVID debut was 11.3±15.0 years. The delay in proper diagnosis from the moment of clinical manifestation of CVID was, on average, 17.9 years in the region. At the time of CVID diagnosis, the patients showed marked decrease in the levels of 3 or 2 immunoglobulin classes (IgG and IgA), and T-helper cell contents (CD3+CD4+) in peripheral blood. Prevalence of selective IgA deficiency with сlinical symptoms was 0.83 per 100,000 population of the region, and the incidence of the asymptomatic form of this PID was 1 : 167. In patients with selective IgA deficiency, there were also disorders in the T cell system manifesting as decreased relative number of cytotoxic T-cells as well as elevated IgG and IgM levels. The age of diagnosis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia in the region was 3.5±3.0 years. In addition to disturbances of humoral adaptive immunity in children with this disease, a decrease in absolute T cell numbers was detected. In conclusion, the article describes disturbances of postvaccinal immunity in a pregnant patient with CVID, with asymptomatic clinical course, thus leading to false interpretation of the serological markers of TORCH infections and wrong strategy of pregnancy management.

This article examines the actual problem of organizing the workflow in a pandemic. The author identifies a number of trends that have a certain pattern, substantiated by a number of studies. The author highlighted the advantages of remote work, the difficulties associated with rapid rotation from the office to the external environment, managed to identify the factors of reducing and increasing the efficiency of remote work.

Objective: Renal vascular thrombosis is a thrombotic blockage of the major renal arteries resulting in acute damage or chronic kidney disease. The study aims to analyze rare clinical cases of renal artery thrombosis with following renal infarction. Materials and methods: The article present a retrospective study of examination and treatment results of patients diagnosed with the renal arteries thrombosis in the urological hospital of the Irkutsk Clinical Hospital No. 1 in the period 2012-2020. Results and Discussion: During the entire observation period, there were two clinical cases of acute renal artery thrombosis. The 86-year-old woman developed thrombosis because of atrial fibrillation, which was probably the result of inadequate correction (insufficient dose of anticoagulant). Kidney infarction had complications like rapid suppuration because of chronic urinary infection and calculus of the renal pelvis. It resulted in nephrectomy with subsequent recovery. The second case was the 45-year-old man examined according to existing standards, and the diagnosed-on time in the first hours of the disease. However, complete thrombosis of the right renal artery neutralized the effectiveness of conservative therapy with warfarin. In this case, nephrosclerosis and renal failure were natural. Conclusion: Renal artery thrombosis is a rare pathology that requires special attention from the clinician due to the high risk of renal function loss. Timely diagnosis and correct treatment tactics are especially important. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(3) 2021 p.550-555

Objective. Integrating the numerical solution module of the kinetic equation for the droplet size distribution function in a CFD package. Application of the module to volumetric condensation at the supersonic flow of a vapor-gas mixture through a nozzle in a two-dimensional formulation, comparison of the results with experimental data of third-party authors.Methods. In this paper, the problem of volume condensation in the supersonic flow of a vapor-gas mixture through a nozzle is solved by finite element methods in a two-dimensional formulation using user-defined functions.Results. A module for the numerical solution of the kinetic equation for the droplet size distribution function is presented as a user-defined function integrated into the calculated CFD package.Conclusion. The module application to volumetric condensation for a vapor-gas mixture flow through the nozzle gave a qualitative agreement in all areas and a quantitative agreement in the area of intense condensation with measurement data. The distributions of temperatures, pressures, and the degree of supersaturation are presented both along the central axis and on the plane bounded by the contour of the computational domain. It is shown that the module does not depend on the solver type (stationary or non-stationary).

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in oncohematological patients and hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients (HSCT). But at the same time, fungal infections are less than 2 % of the causes of liver abscesses in patients without onco-hematological diseases. Doctors from hospitals with onco-hematology departments encounter this more often and know the typical picture of fungal liver abscesses, but for others doctors, who do not have sufficient experience, this finding may not seem like something familiar. This is why knowing the typical patterns of fungal liver disease is so important. We have studied the typical patterns of abscesses in patients with hematological oncology and present a clinical case of patient D, 48 years old. Differential diagnosis of the etiological agent of the abscess is difficult, but in some cases the picture is specific: in the described case, the multiplicity and small size of the foci made it possible at an early stage to effectively identify the fungal nature of the disease and begin the right treatment.

Relevance. The development of numerical and analytical methods of assessing ore in place dynamic overload from quarry blasting impact is due to the need to improve the reliability of underground mines stability analysis. Research aim is to assess the effect of blasting at surface mineral workings on underground mines stability and safety. Research methodology includes the numerical and analytical analysis of dynamic stress within ore in place containing underground mines based on the boundary integral equations method in spatial formulation. Research results. Under conditions of dynamic impact made by quarry blasting, the stability of underground mines may be preserved by means of strengthening the support through bolting with reinforced concrete roof bolts. Summary. The proposed method makes it possible to adjust the value of underground mines factor of safety with the account of the dynamic impact made by quarry blasts.

The aim of the study was to study vitamin D sufficiency in patients with non-developing pregnancies. The study included 32 women with the diagnosis "non-developing pregnancy" and 30 patients with a gestation period of 7–10 weeks. The women of both groups had the level of vitamin D determined by the content of 25 (OH)D in blood serum (an enzyme immunoassay was performed with a kit manufactured by BIOMEDICAGRUPPE (Germany)). Vitamin 25 (OH)D level was evaluated according to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists (2015): physiological level–30-35 ng / ml and more, insufficient provision –10-20 ng/ml, deficient state − 10 ng/ml and less. It was found that there were more extragenital diseases in women with non-developing pregnancy than in patients of the control group, and the obstetric and gynecological history was more burdened in women with non-developing pregnancies. A high somatic morbidity, gynecological diseases and curettage of uterine cavity in the anamnesis negatively affect the development of the embryo and fetus. At this, it should be noted that women with non-developing pregnancies were found to be deficient in 25(OH)D, whereas in pregnant women the vitamin D content corresponds to the physiological values. In this regard, taking vitamin D supplements may be recommended for women when planning pregnancy and during pregnancy, especially in its early stages.

Aim: to evaluate the results of original manual intracorporeal end-to-end invagination ileotransverse anastomosis after laparoscopic right hemicolectomy.Patients and methods: twenty-two patients with right colon cancer were included in the study: 17 females and 5 males aged 53.1±3.4 years. They underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with the standard D2 lymphadenectomy and intracorporeal ileotransverse anastomosis by the original technique. Follow-up period after surgery was 3 months.Results: no conversions to open surgery occurred. The operation time was 120.0±12.5 minutes, the median blood loss was 87.0±5.0 ml. Twenty (90.9%) patients are still under follow-up. The hospital stay was 11.4±2.6 days. There were no intraoperative complications. There were no cases of anastomotic leakage. No mortality occurred. At the time of the follow-up, all the patients are alive. Two (9.1%) patients have dropped out of control.Conclusion: the experience of the first 22 laparoscopic right hemicolectomies with intracorporeal laparoscopic end-to-end invagination ileotransverse anastomosis makes it possible to recommend this reliably safe method.

The whole complex of adverse effects of hazardous and harmful production factors on the employees most fully reflects such an indicator as occupational risk. In the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the occupational risk is considered as the likelihood of personnel injury due to exposure to harmful and (or) hazardous production factors when the employee performs the job duties. However, most of the risk assessment methods used are time-consuming and largely subjective. The concept of «risk» is used when organizing the risk-oriented state control (supervision), since the frequency of scheduled inspections of the organizations (enterprises) depends on the risk category (hazard class). The analysis is made concerning the methods for determining the potential risk of harm when assigning the objects of state supervision to risk categories. Some serious shortcomings are identified in the existing approach. It is established that the potential risk indicator considers only hazardous production factors through the incidents and their severity. At the same time, the harmful production factors that lead to various kinds of employee diseases are not considered. The harm caused to the health of employees due to exposure to harmful and hazardous production factors can be comprehensively assessed using the integrated assessment method of working conditions based on the regulatory standard of working time losses from morbidity with temporary disability. It is proposed to calculate the occupational risk index using the integrated assessment methodology. In accordance with the calculated values of the occupational risk index, it is possible to determine the categories of occupational risk and justify the frequency of occupational safety scheduled inspections. Occupational risk categories can be defined individually for each employee, workplace, structural subdivision, and the organization as a whole, which will allow to address the issue of working conditions improvement and conduct timely occupational safety scheduled inspections.

The smallness of the velocity $$v$$ of laser-field-induced motion of electrons compared to the speed of light c is one of the fundamental physical factors limiting the efficiency of nonlinear optical processes in plasma media. It has been shown in this work that the use of intense ultrashort mid-infrared pulses makes it possible to significantly enhance a wide class of $$v{\text{/}}c$$ -weak plasma nonlinearities primarily related to plasma currents induced by the laser field. This allows implementing laser plasma schemes of the efficient generation of coherent broadband terahertz and microwave radiation, i.e., terahertz–microwave supercontinuum.

Obstetric and gynecological clinic of Kazan GIDUV for 40 years of its activity in the treatment of uterine cancer, as a rule, used combined therapy. In the first 2 decades, during the operation, attention was focused on the removal of parametric tissue. Experience has shown the insufficiency of such an intervention for long-term recovery. Relapses were frequent in the stump of the vagina, pelvic tissue, and lymph nodes.

Treating dyspnea in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a challenge. The foreign experience of using low doses of opioids to relieve dyspnea in patients with progressing diseases is controversial among Russian specialists. The presented clinical case is an 83-year-old patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the terminal stage and refractory dyspnea, progressive respiratory failure of II - III degrees, and concomitant exertional angina II FC and organic anxiety disorder. The patient was offered low-dose morphine injections (2 mg 5 times a day subcutaneously) to relieve the shortness of breath. The patient, who had not previously received opioids, and his relatives gave prior consent to the use of morphine. Within a week from the moment of hospitalization, the general and psycho-emotional state of the patient improved, dyspnea decreased, and night sleep was partially normalized. However, а week later, being in a severe but relatively stable condition, the patient died from a massive nosebleed. Shown, that the traditional approach to reducing dyspnea and the associated agitation in patients with interstitial lung disease is the use of corticosteroids and psychotropic therapeutics in increasing doses. The use of low doses of opioids to relieve dyspnea in patients with non-cancer disease meets many organizational, medical, and psychological barriers. At the same time, this therapy is recognized as successful and safe in the foreign palliative practice. Overcoming the existing barriers based on the evidence from clinical trials, as well as the domestic and foreign clinical practice of the safe use of low doses of opioids would expand the arsenal of effective treatments for refractory dyspnea.

This paper proposes a new class of innovation diffusion models which are extensions of the standard logistic model, the Bass model, and the Gompertz model for the case when the observed process is the result of the interaction of several unobserved processes, e.g., for the case when the process allows the possibility of repeated use of innovation by each subject of the process over time. In order to check the viability of the models and their ability to adequately describe and predict the process of diffusion of innovations, the time series data of mobile phone subscribers are used in this paper. These time series are employed to compare the performance of the proposed models with the classical innovation diffusion models. Empirical results show that the extended models surpass the classical models, and the examined models have a better performance on real data.

The “creativity” of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in terms of generating de novo molecular structures opened a novel paradigm in compound design, weaknesses (stability & feasibility issues of such structures) notwithstanding. Here we show that “creative” AI may be as successfully taught to enumerate novel chemical reactions that are stoichiometrically coherent. Furthermore, when coupled to reaction space cartography, de novo reaction design may be focused on the desired reaction class. A sequence-to-sequence autoencoder with bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory layers was trained on on-purpose developed “SMILES/CGR” strings, encoding reactions of the USPTO database. The autoencoder latent space was visualized on a generative topographic map. Novel latent space points were sampled around a map area populated by Suzuki reactions and decoded to corresponding reactions. These can be critically analyzed by the expert, cleaned of irrelevant functional groups and eventually experimentally attempted, herewith enlarging the synthetic purpose of popular synthetic pathways.

A competitive functional line of plasma extractors for blood service was developed using innovative technologies. The developed extractors can be used for preparation of blood components and blood-derived products.