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1. Whole-body MR imaging in suspected physical child abuse: comparison with skeletal survey and bone scintigraphy findings from the PEDIMA prospective multicentre study

Author: Proisy, Maïa, Vivier, Pierre-Hugues, Morel, Baptiste, Bruneau, Bertrand, Sembely-Taveau, Catherine, Vacheresse, Solène, Devillers, Anne, Lecloirec, Joseph, Bodet-Milin, Caroline, Dubois, Marine, Hamonic, Stéphanie, Bajeux, Emma, Ganivet, Anne, Adamsbaum, Catherine, Treguier, Catherine, Abalea, Lydie, Croly-Labourdette, Séverine, Dam Hieu, Phong, Dobrzynski, Murielle, Fenoll, Bertrand, Forlodou, Pierre, Le Bot, Christiane, Lefranc, Jérémie, Lesoeur, Mélanie, Mériot, Philippe, Peudenier, Sylviane, Querello, Solène, Salaun, Pierre Yves, Olivier, Pierre, Martrille, Laurent, Borsa-Dorion, Anne, Galloy, Marie-Agnès, Mainard-Simard, Laurence, Raffo, Emmanuel, Cavare-Vigneron, Sylvie, Claudon, Michel, Klein, Olivier, Schmitt, Emmanuelle, Le Tacon, Serge, Morel, Olivier, Lapp, Lucie, Bodere-Kraeber, Françoise, Milin, Caroline, Fleury, Juliette, Geffroy, Loïc, Hamel, Sophie, Lefrancois, Thomas, Longis, Marie-Pierre, Mayrargue, Emmanuelle, Picherot, Georges, Quéré, Marie-Pierre, Rozé, Jean-Christophe, Vabres, Nathalie, Bouvet, Renaud, Le Gueut, Mariannick, Riffaud, Laurent, Balençon, Martine, Bétrémieux, Pierre, Chapuis, Madeleine, Chasle, Véronique, Dabadie, Alain, Damaj, Léna, Darnault, Pierre, de La Brière, François, Delahaye, Séverine, Duvauferrier, Regis, Farges, Céline, Fraisse, Bernard, Gaillot, Théophile, Gardin, Maryse, Gauvrit, Cécile, Guitteny, Marie-Aline, Marleix, Sylvette, Napuri, Silvia, Roussey, Michel, Rozel, Céline, Tirel, Olivier, Vignaud, Catherine, Violas, Philippe, Wodey, Eric, Pierre, Marion, Pladys, Patrick, Abu-Amara, Saad, Bachy, Bruno, Brasseur-Daudruy, Marie, Dacher, Jean-Nicolas, Delmon, Pascal, Lechevallier-Amara, Joël, Lerebours, Bénédicte, Leroux, Julien, Proust, Francois, Rigal, Sophie, Baulieu, Jean-Louis, Venel, Yann, Elodie, Carpentier, Chantepie, Alain, Chantreuil, Julie, Come, Mathieu, de Courtivron, Benoit, Labarthe, François, Marot, Yves, Pepin-Donat, Myriam, Sirinelli, Dominique, Travers, Nadine, Urvois-Grange, Annie, O'Byrne, Patrick, Listrat, Antoine, Barge-Galern, Marie-Luce, Le Cloirec, Joseph, Vera, Pierre, Kone-Paut, I., Deiva, Kumaran, Chaumet-Riffaud, Philippe, Grimon, Gilles, Archambaud, Frederique, Zenkhri, Ferielle, Galeotti, Caroline, Sevette-Béchard, Nancy, Prodhomme, Olivier, Leconte, Céline, Haquet, Armelle, Bourdon, Aurélie, Sainmont, Mélanie, De-Pontual, Loic, Sellier, Nicolas, Trieu, Thanh-Van, de Labriolle-Vaylet, Claire, Département de Radiologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR), Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Département de médecine nucléaire [Rennes], CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Service de médecine nucléaire [Rouen], CRLCC Haute Normandie-Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Rennes], Département de Radiologie [AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université de Montpellier (UM), PEDIMA study research group: Lydie Abalea, Séverine Croly-Labourdette, Phong Dam Hieu, Murielle Dobrzynski, Bertrand Fenoll, Pierre Forlodou, Christiane Le Bot, Jérémie Lefranc, Mélanie Lesoeur, Philippe Meriot, Sylviane Peudenier, Solène Querello, Pierre-Yves Salaun, Pierre Olivier, Laurent Martrille, Anne Borsa-Dorion, Marie-Agnès Galloy, Laurence Mainard-Simard, Emmanuel Raffo, Sylvie Cavare-Vigneron, Michel Claudon, Olivier Klein, Emmanuelle Schmitt, Serge Le Tacon, Olivier Morel, Lucie Lapp, Françoise Bodéré-Kraeber, Caroline Milin, Juliette Fleury, Loïc Geffroy, Sophie Hamel, Antoine Hamel, Thomas Lefrançois, Marie-Pierre Longis, Emmanuelle Mayrargue, Georges Picherot, Marie-Pierre Quéré, Jean-Christophe Rozé, Nathalie Vabres, Renaud Bouvet, Mariannick Le Gueut, Laurent Riffaud, Martine Balençon, Pierre Bétrémieux, Madeleine Chapuis, Véronique Chasle, Alain Dabadie, Léna Damaj, Pierre Darnault, François De La Brière, Séverine Delahaye, Régis Duvauferrier, Céline Farges, Bernard Fraisse, Théophile Gaillot, Maryse Gardin, Cécile Gauvrit, Marie-Aline Guitteny, Sylvette Marleix, Silvia Napuri, Michel Roussey, Céline Rozel, Olivier Tirel, Catherine Tréguier, Catherine Vignaud, Philippe Violas, Eric Wodey, Marion Pierre, Patrick Pladys, Saad Abu-Amara, Bruno Bachy, Marie Brasseur-Daudruy, Jean-Nicolas Dacher, Pascal Delmon, Joël Lechevallier Amara, Bénédicte Lerebours, Julien Leroux, François Proust, Sophie Rigal, Pierre-Hugues Vivier, Jean-Louis Baulieu, Yann Venel, Elodie Carpentier, Alain Chantepie, Julie Chantreuil, Mathieu Come, Benoît De Courtivron, François Labarthe, Yves Marot, Myriam Pepin Donat, Dominique Sirinelli, Nadine Travers, Annie Urvois-Grangé, Patrick O'Byrne, Antoine Listrat, Marie-Luce Barge-Galerne, Joseph Le Cloirec, Pierre Vera, Isabelle Koné-Paut, Kumaran Deiva, Philippe Chaumet-Riffaud, Gilles Grimon, Frédérique Archambaud, Ferielle Zenkhri, Caroline Galeotti, Nancy Sevette Béchard, Olivier Prodhomme, Céline Leconte, Armelle Haquet, Aurélie Bourdon, Mélanie Sainmont, Loïc De Pontual, Nicolas Sellier, Thanh-Van Trieu, Claire De Labriolle-Vaylet., Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), and DACHER, Jean Nicolas
Subjects: Child abuse, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Skeletal survey, [SDV.IB.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Nuclear medicine, Sensitivity and Specificity, [SDV.IB.MN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Nuclear medicine, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, 0302 clinical medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Whole Body Imaging, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Child Abuse, Prospective Studies, Child, Radionuclide Imaging, Neuroradiology, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Infant, Interventional radiology, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Occult, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Physical Abuse, Bone scintigraphy, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Radiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: To assess the contribution of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) and bone scintigraphy (BS) in addition to skeletal survey (SS) in detecting traumatic bone lesions and soft-tissue injuries in suspected child abuse.Methods: In this prospective, multicentre, diagnostic accuracy study, children less than 3 years of age with suspected physical abuse were recruited. Each child underwent SS, BS and WBMRI. A blinded first review was performed in consensus by five paediatric radiologists and three nuclear medicine physicians. A second review investigated discrepancies reported between the modalities using a consensus result of all modalities as the reference standard. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity and corresponding 95% confidence interval for each imaging modality (SS, WBMRI and BS) and for the combinations [SS + WBMRI] and [SS + BS].Results: One hundred seventy children were included of which sixty-four had at least one lesion. In total, 146 lesions were included. The sensitivity and specificity of each examination were, respectively, as follows: 88.4% [95% CI, 82.0-93.1] and 99.7% [95% CI, 99.5-99.8] for the SS, 69.9% [95% CI, 61.7-77.2] and 99.5% [95% CI, 99.2-99.7] for WBMRI and 54.8% [95% CI, 46.4-63.0] and 99.7% [95% CI, 99.5-99.9] for BS. Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 95.9% [95% CI, 91.3-98.5] and 99.2% [95% CI, 98.9-99.4] for the combination SS + WBMRI and 95.2% [95% CI, 90.4-98.1] and 99.4% [95% CI, 99.2-99.6] for the combination SS + BS, with no statistically significant difference between them.Conclusion: SS was the most sensitive independent imaging modality; however, the additional combination of either WBMRI or BS examinations offered an increased accuracy.Key points: • SS in suspected infant abuse was the most sensitive independent imaging modality in this study, especially for detecting metaphyseal and rib lesions, and remains essential for evaluation. • The combination of either SS + BS or SS + WBMRI provides greater accuracy in diagnosing occult and equivocal bone injuries in the difficult setting of child abuse. • WBMRI is a free-radiation technique that allows additional diagnosis of soft-tissue and visceral injuries.
Published: 2021
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2. Safety and immunogenicity of the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen in children in Sierra Leone: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial

Author: Muhammed O Afolabi, David Ishola, Daniela Manno, Babajide Keshinro, Viki Bockstal, Baimba Rogers, Kwabena Owusu-Kyei, Alimamy Serry-Bangura, Ibrahim Swaray, Brett Lowe, Dickens Kowuor, Frank Baiden, Thomas Mooney, Elizabeth Smout, Brian Köhn, Godfrey T Otieno, Morrison Jusu, Julie Foster, Mohamed Samai, Gibrilla Fadlu Deen, Heidi Larson, Shelley Lees, Neil Goldstein, Katherine E Gallagher, Auguste Gaddah, Dirk Heerwegh, Benoit Callendret, Kerstin Luhn, Cynthia Robinson, Brian Greenwood, Maarten Leyssen, Macaya Douoguih, Bailah Leigh, Deborah Watson-Jones, M Kargbo, E Bockarie, N L James, A Kabbah, A Kamara, K H Koroma, S O Langley, N William, R Kessebeh, T Mooney, L Conteh, E Smout, K Allieu, K Bangura, M S Bangura, M A Bangura, H Jalloh, A B Jalloh, I Kamara, M Kamara, A Konteh, S Koroma, C Marrah, M Sesay, M T Sesay, A T Deen, A Jalloh, R M Kaimbay, D Kain, E L Kamara, M P Kamara, O J Kamara, S L M Kamara, M Kanneh, A H Koroma, D Lahai, I S Mansaray, W S Marah, M J Massaquoi, A Nabie, N S Saidu, I Samai, J N Tengheh, A S Turay, A Fornah, F Sesay, A Sow, E Swaray, F Mansaray, T Ade-Cole, L M Bangura, M L Conteh, A M Koroma, M Koroma, A Sam, T Scott, T Sessie, J-H C Sunders, S I-S Turay, J Weekes, M Sheku, L Gibson, D Kowuor, I Ahamed, W Allieu, D U Kabba, F J Kamara, M S Kebbie, M Pessima, A Wurie, F Bah, A I Bangura, R A S Bangura, L Blango, S Boima, M Conteh, Y Conteh, M L Daramy, O Fofanah, E George, T F Hanson, M I Jalloh, M Kalawa, A M Kamara, F E Kamara, G M Kamara, H M Kamara, P B D Kamara, R T Kamara, R Kamara, D P Kanneh, I Komeh, M Kuyateh, F F Mansaray, M M Mansaray, A B Sillah, M A Tarawally, O S Turya, J B Yawmah, B Leigh, D Watson-Jones, B Greenwood, M H Samai, G F Deen, D Marke, T Sesay, P Piot, P Smith, J Edmunds, S Lees, H Larson, H Weiss, P Wilson, R Phillips, C Maxwell, D Ishola, M Afolabi, F Baiden, P Akoo, K Owusu-Kyei, D Tindanbil, H Bower, J Stuart, O M Bah, B T Rogers, A Serry-Bangura, I B Swaray, A Bangura, I J David, D G M Davies, J A Kallon, A B Kamara, I F Kamara, M M Kamara, F E Morovia, F B Suma, F Thompson, M Murray, O Kakay, F Suma, I Sesay, J Foster, D Manno, K Gallagher, S Cox, N Howard, M Cesay, P Torrani, S Sharma, E Snowden, T Banks, T Harber, J Brown, K Howard, N Melton, S Malcolm, S Welsh, R Eggo, M Jendrossek, C Pearson, K Offergeld, C Ferrault, M Van Alst, N Mahajan, M Van Looveren, S Van Ballaert, T De Cnodder, N Grobler, L Roza, T Liberi, L Armishaw, C Verkleij, T Henrick, A Banaszkiewicz, B Lowe, K Awuondo, H Hafezi, E Hancox, B Kohn, G O Tuda, G Bangura, M T Kroma, L Fofanah, A Pessima, M Rogers, O Sheriff, T W Ajala, J Fangawa, S Foday Jr, I S F Koroma, B Mansaray, H A Mansaray, K Sesay, M K Charles, P C Heroe, M Lamin Karbo, I S Yansaneh, S Gogo Egoeh, A Trye, M Amponsah, L Donelson, T Sylvester, V Owira, G Onyuka, L Nambuchi, A Oburu, D Apollo, L Vandi, N D Alghali, A Bah, I J Bangura, A C Cole, S Fofanah, H U Jalloh, K F N Jalloh, N Jalloh, H U Kabba, J N Kabba, M Kabba, J S Kamara, F Kanjie, A P Kanu, I Kargbo, G Kassa-Koroma, S B Koroma, A Sankoh, T Sankoh, O D Sesay, H Wilhem, C T Williams, I Bangura, Y Ben-Rogers, F J Jamboria, N Kamara, I Kanawah, A T Kargbo, I Swaray, L Amara, I Bundu, H B Jakema, K Kamara, M F Sheku, Q Adeleye, I Akhigbe, R Bakalemwa, N P Chami, L Altmann, B Kamara, K van Roey, P Conteh, M Samura, V Gandie, M Marrah, E Moinina, J Kalokoh, S Bosompem, T Hilton, M O Jusu, P Borboh, A S Brima, A F Y Caulker, A Kallon, B Koroma, R C Macauley, T M D Saquee, H I Williams, A R Bangura, J Fornah, B Idriss, M Sillah, W Mackay, B Aleghen, T Murray, J Edem-Hotah, T Fatorma, F Amara, S Bangura, E Bonnie, M Sannoh, A Donaldson, S Ndingi, D Nyaberi, M Pereira, A Rothwell, V Vy, L Nyallay, A Fombah, S Saidu, T P Dambo, P J Fakaba, M M E Fatorma, R H Freeman, C L Johnson, D B Kogba, A Lahai, W Vincent, N Yambasu, M Bangura, A Tengbeh, R Kabia, A M Nyakoi, M Callaghan, L Enria, and S Lee
Subjects: Male, Modified vaccinia Ankara, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Injections, Intramuscular, Drug Administration Schedule, Sierra Leone, Sierra leone, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Vaccines, DNA, Humans, Medicine, Ebola Vaccines, Child, Reactogenicity, Heterologous vaccine, Ebola virus, Ebola vaccine, business.industry, Infant, Viral Vaccines, Ebolavirus, Vaccination, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, business
Abstract: Summary Background Children account for a substantial proportion of cases and deaths from Ebola virus disease. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a two-dose heterologous vaccine regimen, comprising the adenovirus type 26 vector-based vaccine encoding the Ebola virus glycoprotein (Ad26.ZEBOV) and the modified vaccinia Ankara vector-based vaccine, encoding glycoproteins from the Ebola virus, Sudan virus, and Marburg virus, and the nucleoprotein from the Tai Forest virus (MVA-BN-Filo), in a paediatric population in Sierra Leone. Methods This randomised, double-blind, controlled trial was done at three clinics in Kambia district, Sierra Leone. Healthy children and adolescents aged 1–17 years were enrolled in three age cohorts (12–17 years, 4–11 years, and 1–3 years) and randomly assigned (3:1), via computer-generated block randomisation (block size of eight), to receive an intramuscular injection of either Ad26.ZEBOV (5 × 1010 viral particles; first dose) followed by MVA-BN-Filo (1 × 108 infectious units; second dose) on day 57 (Ebola vaccine group), or a single dose of meningococcal quadrivalent (serogroups A, C, W135, and Y) conjugate vaccine (MenACWY; first dose) followed by placebo (second dose) on day 57 (control group). Study team personnel (except for those with primary responsibility for study vaccine preparation), participants, and their parents or guardians were masked to study vaccine allocation. The primary outcome was safety, measured as the occurrence of solicited local and systemic adverse symptoms during 7 days after each vaccination, unsolicited systemic adverse events during 28 days after each vaccination, abnormal laboratory results during the study period, and serious adverse events or immediate reportable events throughout the study period. The secondary outcome was immunogenicity (humoral immune response), measured as the concentration of Ebola virus glycoprotein-specific binding antibodies at 21 days after the second dose. The primary outcome was assessed in all participants who had received at least one dose of study vaccine and had available reactogenicity data, and immunogenicity was assessed in all participants who had received both vaccinations within the protocol-defined time window, had at least one evaluable post-vaccination sample, and had no major protocol deviations that could have influenced the immune response. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02509494 . Findings From April 4, 2017, to July 5, 2018, 576 eligible children or adolescents (192 in each of the three age cohorts) were enrolled and randomly assigned. The most common solicited local adverse event during the 7 days after the first and second dose was injection-site pain in all age groups, with frequencies ranging from 0% (none of 48) of children aged 1–3 years after placebo injection to 21% (30 of 144) of children aged 4–11 years after Ad26.ZEBOV vaccination. The most frequently observed solicited systemic adverse event during the 7 days was headache in the 12–17 years and 4–11 years age cohorts after the first and second dose, and pyrexia in the 1–3 years age cohort after the first and second dose. The most frequent unsolicited adverse event after the first and second dose vaccinations was malaria in all age cohorts, irrespective of the vaccine types. Following vaccination with MenACWY, severe thrombocytopaenia was observed in one participant aged 3 years. No other clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were observed in other study participants, and no serious adverse events related to the Ebola vaccine regimen were reported. There were no treatment-related deaths. Ebola virus glycoprotein-specific binding antibody responses at 21 days after the second dose of the Ebola virus vaccine regimen were observed in 131 (98%) of 134 children aged 12–17 years (9929 ELISA units [EU]/mL [95% CI 8172–12 064]), in 119 (99%) of 120 aged 4–11 years (10 212 EU/mL [8419–12 388]), and in 118 (98%) of 121 aged 1–3 years (22 568 EU/mL [18 426–27 642]). Interpretation The Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen was well tolerated with no safety concerns in children aged 1–17 years, and induced robust humoral immune responses, suggesting suitability of this regimen for Ebola virus disease prophylaxis in children. Funding Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking and Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV.
Published: 2022
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3. Understanding the performance of a pan-African intervention to reduce postoperative mortality: a mixed-methods process evaluation of the ASOS-2 trial

Author: Nicola Vickery, Timothy Stephens, Leon du Toit, Dawid van Straaten, Rupert Pearse, Alexandra Torborg, Lucy Rolt, Mariechen Puchert, Graham Martin, Bruce Biccard, Bruce M. Biccard, Maia Lesosky, Tim Stephens, Landon Myer, Agya BA. Prempeh, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed Elfagieh, Bernard Mbwele, Mpoki Ulisubisya, Lazaro Mboma, Daniel Z. Ashebir, Mahlet Tesfaye Bahta, Mohammed Hassen, Mikiyas Teferi, Yakob Seman, Eugene Zoumenou, Adam Hewitt-Smith, Janat Tumukunde, Dolly Munlemvo, Atilio Morais, Apollo Basenero, Pisirai Ndarukwa, Nazinigouba Ouerdraogo, Maman Sani Chaibou, Mohyeddine Zarouf, Ahmed Rhassane El Adib, Veekash Gobin, Zimogo Sanogo, Youssouf Coulibaly, Zipporah Ngumi, Tarig Fadalla, Cynthia Iradukunda, Vénérand Barendegere, Isaac O. Smalle, Mustapha Bittaye, Ahmadou Lamin Samateh, Mahmoud Elfiky, Maher Fawzy, Wakisa Mulwafu, Vanessa Msosa, Lygia Lopes, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, Hamza D. Sama, Patrice Forget, Rupert M. Pearse, Marichen Puchert, Kris Schwebler, Freddy Kabambi, Tebogo Mabotja, Leandys Cobas, Albino Freitas, Maria Antunes, Bartolomeu Cabo, Domingos Paulo, Carlos Camongua, Yvette Avognon, Osseni Marcos, Raymond Kintomonho, Onesime Demahou, Gisèle Hounsa, Hugues Chobli, Elie Fassinou, Aurore Zoglobossou, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, Fifame Amadji, Francine Bossa, Ernest Ahounou, Djima Alao, Roushdane Odérémi, Afissatou Montairou, Oswald Gbehade, Romaric Tobome, Adam Boukari, Patrick Bakantieba, Arouna Sambo, Fanou Lionelle, Nounagnon Gilbert, Julien Attinon, Roger Klikpezo, Aumar Dadjo, Dénis Fanou, Gilberte Hounkpe, Bachabi Fafana, Néné Nguilu, Bodourin Dossou-Yovo, Chantal Segla, Mohamed Toko, Evelyne Gnele-Dedewanou, Michel Noukounwoui, Ethienne Yado, Timothé Gouroubéra, Valéry Adjignon, Serge Mewanou, Aïcha Tchomgang, Urielle Agossou, Fernand Soton, Charbel Azanlin, Lidwine Zomahoun, Rawéléguinbasba Armel Flavien Kabore, Salam Savadogo, Fatou Fleur Rosine Sanou, Farid Belém, Victoria Hien, Cheik Tidiane Hafid W. Bougouma, Sie Ahmed Ouattara, Mariam Bambara Kabore, Ouedraogo Nazinigouba, Papougnezambo Bonkoungou, Martin Lankoandé, Mireille Traoré, Patrick Sawadogo, Inès Wenmenga, Boureima Kinda, André Simporé, Christian Sapo, Salah Idriss Traore, Haoua Dipama, Lydie WR. Kaboré, Salifou Napon, Télesphore G. Kaboré, Arouna Louré, Pélagie PP. Tondé, Christian Zoundi, Martin Lankoande, Harouna Sanou, Remy Ndikumana, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Gregory Sund, Alliance Niyukuri, Axel Kwizera, Jean-Claude Niyondiko, Adolphe Manzanza Kilembe, Jean Pierre Mwema Ilunga, Nehema Hailemariam Sarah, Gabriel Mubobo Makeya, Idesbald Mwebe Mwepu, Ted Botawaosenge Likongo, Richard Kapela Mvwala, Raphael Nzau Kapend Mubunda, Noellie Kanka Mukuna, Julie Djondo Pembe, Nicolas Lumuanga Ndaye, Eric Bibonge Amisi, Mike Ilunga Madika, Joe Kembo Lungela, Didier Ndonda Mayemba, Philomene Mamba Diyoyo, Alex Mbo Ngalala, Martin Mamba Mukenga, Patricia Tito Kabuni, Dany Bolimo Mpoto, Herve Inesnku Mole, Louise Keby, Oria Andavo Buti, Anselme Phaka, Belinda Mayenge, Jean Jeacques Kabuley Kalongo, Timothe Kemfuni Mawisa, Rodrigue Tondo Ngwizani, Kuyala Leya, Dieudonne Kisile Sanduku, Timothe Nkemfuni Mawisa, Coco Nseke Mfumu, Mbuta Bolenge, Desire Kinzenzengu Kabuce, Patrick Kintieti, Amelia Mbuluku, Vicky Mahuwa, Tharcice Khonde Mabiala, Guilain Ngoy, Patrick Boloko, Nono Mazangama Mvwama, Jose Kengbanda, Pitchou Mushimbonga, Blaise Kuhapala, Nzosani Marcel, Kienze Guylain, Gerard Mboma, Sandra Zalambo Sagboze, Michel Muteya Manika, Jean Pierre Mumbere Kigayi, Roger Mukanire Cishugi, Placide Buhendwa Mugisho, Roger Baguma, Moïse Kongolo, Michel Mandungu Mbayabu, Crispin Mukendi Muamba, Edmond Banema Kapinga, Vasco Ngolela Kapinga, Guylain Tshimanga Nsumpi, Patrick Kanda Odia, Salomon Bingidimi, Gilbert Kpengbemale, Desire Hubert Bofunga Bosonga Imposo, Patricia Matondo, Servet Lelo, Jeremie Kalambayi, Mohamed Abdel-Ghaffar, Abdelrahman Soliman, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Sameh Shehata, Alia Rabee, Mohamed Abou Heba, Mohamed Rabei Abdelfattah, Tamer Ahmed Maher Ghoniem, Sherif M.K. Shehata, Mohamed Lotfy, Ahmed ElHaddad, Bereket Gebremeskel, Girmay Fisseha, Mebrahtu Abay, Degena Bahrey, Assefa Hika, Abdurezak Ali, Kindie Moges, Jemal Ahmed, Desalegn Abdisa, Abebe Megersa, Wendwosen Abayne, Haftom Berhane, Reiye Esayas, Fitsum Kifle, Kokeb Desita, Abebe Addise, Dagim Shimelash, Shitalem Tadesse, Bezaye Zemedkun, Peniel Kenna, Ayenew Yirdie, Abinet Sisay, Tebikew Gashu, Fassil Mihretu, Yesuf Ahmed, Bekele Debebe, Abdureuf Misgea, Amare Agmas, Rahel Assefa, Abdurahman Gelmo, Seifu Alemu, Brook Damtachew, Merid Mersha, Yaekob Chemere, Samuel Fekadu, Sintayehu Regasa, Bonsa Sileshi, Desalegn Wosen, Rebira Adamu, Gersam Mulugeta, Teshome Bacha, Zewude Gudisa, Kebebe Bekele, Alelign Tasew, Habtamu Gezahegn, Daniel Atlaw, Damtew Solomon, Habtemariam Gebresillasie, Girmaye Tesfaye, Negussie Sarbecha, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Kenbon Seyoum, Gemechu Ganfure, Yohannes Tekalegn, Gosa Tesfaye, Temesgen Ayichew, Shibiru Sendaba, Musefa Redwan, Eyasu Muse, Girma Nina, Bizuneh Sime, Addisalem Tadege, Anbesse Jima, Nugusu Ayalew, Dagmawi Workneh, Daniel Teferi, Momodou T. Nyassi, Landing N. Sanyang, Omar Jallow, Abdoulie Keita, Kitabu Jammeh, Charles Roberts, Patrick Idoko, Kebba Marenah, Masirending Njie, Musa Marena, Karamba Suwareh, Simon Boissey, Fatoumatta Jarjusey, Awa Jah, Awa Sanyang, Dado Jabbi, Kajali Camara, Armando Correa, John Jabang, Lamin Jaiteh, Lamin Dampha, Aminata Manneh, Baboucarr Sowe, Abdoulie Bah, Edrisa Jawo, Victoria Okoje, Momodou Baro, Yaya Bah, Mustapha Njie, Sainabou Mbowe, Ebrima Kanteh, Sarjo Ceesay, Alagie Manneh, Evans Atito-Narh, Adwoa Wilson, Romeo Hussey, Emmanuel Okine, Jemima Kwarteng, Ridge Ntiamoah, Samuel Dadzie, Mark Aseti, Naa Sowah, Akosua Appiah, Charles Bankah, Patrick Mburugu, Thomas Chokwe, Patrick Olang, Vernon Gacii, Susane Nabulindo, Antony Gatheru, Timothy Mwiti, Caroline Mwangi, Julius Muriithi, Daniel Ojuka, Omondi Ogutu, Evans Masitara, Mohamed Chaudhry, Reuben Kamundi, Annmarie Kangangi, Thomas Massaquoi, Stephen Takow, Felister Moraa, Aziz Munubi, Moses Kimani, Adili Wobenjo, Linda Nguu, Vincent Omeddo, Rose Malaba, Ambrose Nabwana, Anita Mwancha, Alexandria Mugaa, John Wamwaki, Joyce Chege, Seymour Sinari, Andrew Ndonga, Rose Shitsinzi, Walter Akello, Winfred Kimani, Elisha Kirwa, Seno Saruni, Andrew Wainaina, Ernest Nshom, Aidah Kenseko, Kizito Shisanya, Purity Wanjiru, Julliah Cherotich, Judy Kimutai, Benson Wahome, Grace Wangui, Dennis Wamalwa, Stephen Mwangi, John Chege, Tabitha Wanjiku, Carolyne Njoki, Wachira Waititu, Conrad Ambani, Samuel Murimi, Sharon Waithira, Nilson Mouti, Collins Kibet, John Kibet, Virginia Sokobe, Beatrice Jeymah, Antony Kamadi, Faith Gichuri, Steve Moses, David Wasike, Favours Adeya, Caesar Bitta, Stephen Ogendo, Killian Kariuki, Hdaya BenAbdalla, Taha Suliaman, Fatima Ali Abokhzam, Mohaned Isa, Mohammed Huwaysh, Asma Bourawi, Kais Alzubaidy, Mohammed Albaraesi, Sumayyah Bahroun, Abdulmueti Alhadi, Ahmed Msherghi, Amira Mohamed, Ala Khaled, Nouran Aljadi, Elham Bareig, Khaled Elgazwi, Adel Elgazwi, Ibrahim El-busife, Safa Owhida, Almahdi Eltwati, Samah Elakeili, Taha Abubaker, Fatima Elkhfeefi, Soha Younis Hasan, Amal Alttaira, Imbarkah Elmraied, Rim Wishah, Omar Abugassa, Hazem Ahmed, Amera Ellafi, Shoukrie Shoukrie, Nawal Aldokali, Aws ElGammudi, Akram Alkaseek, Hoda Elhaddad, Ayyah Alqaarh, Ahlam Brish, Malek Abudsnnuga, Salsabil Albuaishi, Mohammed Albashri, Marwa Morgom, Mohammed Alawami, Eman Shawesh, Abdullah Almabrouk, Moaz Alwarfalli, Nagia Abeid, Anis Buzreg, Ans Malek, Ameerah Abayu, Butaina Abdulhafith, Wedad Abouruwes, Marim Albakuri, Sabria Almuammari, Esam Alsaghair, Fatheia Alreshi, Hassan Badi, Rabiee Alfetoey, Naji Zubia, Bushray Almiqlash, Abdulsalam Alshuhoumi, Rayet Al-islam Ben Jouira, Amaal Dier, Essra Gebril, Mohammed Abdelkabir, Sana Moussa, Marwa Alfitori, Mabroukah Azbeda, Hajar Alamin, Ejmeya Barka, Omlsaad Mosbah, Rema Abdasalam, Miftah Hiyoum, Maryam Abd allateef, Ibrahim Altomi, Mahdi Alsakloul, Ekhlas Karami, Munyah Alriqeeq, Mabruka Omar, Ashraf Samer, Aml Aemeesh, Ahmad Bouhuwaish, Ahmed Elusta, Sultan Ahmeed, Wesal AlFighi Hassan, Mouadah Ali Altayr, Mohamed Addalla, Abrar Geddeda, Kheria Khoja, Doaa Alhaj, Muaad Etturki, Ahmed Elhadi, Ibrahim Ellojli, Anshirah Shuwayyah, Ahmed Elfaghih, Malak Alduwayb, Mohamed Aleiyan, Wedad Aboubreeq, Soliman Alkassem, Sami Ashour, Hayat Ben Hasan, Najat Ben Hasan, Ali Yahya, Palesa Chisala, Edward Kommwa, Lusayo Simwinga, Agness Chalira, Precious Kachitsa, Onias Mtalimanja, Drissa Traoré, Moussa Sissoko, Moussa Camara, Adama Koita, Sekou Koumaré, Omar Sacko, Mahamadou Coulibaly, Lamine Soumaré, Soumaïla Keita, Sidiki Keita, Hamadoun Dicko, Boubacar Diallo, Boureima Bengaly, Mohamed Keita, Siaka Diallo, Drissa Ouattara, Nouhoun Ongoiba, Seydina Beye, Honoré Berthe, Mamadou Diakite, Mamadou Sima, Adégné Togo, Bakary Dembele, Djibo Diango, Moussa Samake, Youssouf Traoré, Louis Traoré, Ongoïba Oumar, Sogoba Gaoussou, Issaga Traoré, Sidy Sangaré, Doua Kanté, Lassana Cissé, Thiam Souleymane, Keita Koniba, Sundaresan Maiyalagan, Julien Chong, Adil Mohit, Khushyant Mungar, Shankaran Vinayagam, Kevin Ramlochun, Jamie Sim, Desai Sneha, Vishaal Kissoon, Yan Tseung, Mohamed Aboobakar, Nitish Fokeerah, Ravi Ramsewak, Jayprakash Gopall, Meetheelesh Abeeluck, Varun Seewoo, Divyanand Jankee, Ashveen Puryag, Senthil Beemadoo, Yashraj Deenoo, Abhisek Goureah, Munawwara Makoon, Hemanshu Rambojan, Beeharry Shanjugsingh, Kevin Viraswami, Shehzaad Joomye, Ashwant Bhugwandass, Bibi Deelawar, Vakil Leelodharry, Luckshmanraj Mungur, Sajid Aungraheeta, Sirsingh Bhajoo, Manpreet Rajcoomar, Rishi Seetaram, Subha Gaya, Gini Batra, Yoshvin Sunnassee, Shailendra Petkar, Sbai Hicham, Labib Smail, Ait Laalim Said, Motaai Youssef, Mouhssine Doumiri, Mustapha Alilou, Nora Farnaoui, Mustapha Bensghir, Abdelghafour Elkoundi, Abdelhamid Jaafari, Abderhmann Elwali, Mohammed Meziane, Walid Atmani, Houssam Rebahi, Hajar Chichou, Safae Zarouf, Abderraouf Soummani, Abou Elhassan Taoufik, Meryem Essafti, Aminata Oumou Traoré, Hamzaoui Hamza, Adnane Berdai, El allani Linda, Salhi Oussama, Nelson Mucopo, Machado Banze, Mouzinho Saide, Tomas Sitoi, Artur Machava, Antonio Carlos, Amilton Guidione, Antonio Saide de Carvalho, Natacha Gemo, Samiro Sema Camal, Arsénio Cuna, Ornelos Madeira, Ladino Assuade, Dercio Amde Fernandes, Dulce Alexandre Machavae Fernandes, Mandua Sebastião, Bernard Sikombe, Matti Kandjimi, Ayoub Shekimweri, Diana Shilomboleni, Mbaundju Kandjii, Leonard Kabongo, Cholastic Hangero, Ike Ndjoze, Ruben Nailonga, Immanuel Uukonga, Uutoni Nakanyala, Lavinia Johannes, Adrian Haruzuvi, Chris Terblanche, Natangwe Shimenda, Delwina Katjipu, Hilma Shalimba, Juliah Kaweendwa, Ali Mbuyi, John Oyedele, Mapumba Mulolo, Peter Njuki, Mutombo Ndaie, Akutu Munyika, Hilma Katangolo, David Tjiyokola, Tawanda Mhene, Archbald Masiambiri, Paidamoyo Mandudzo, Sandra Kapepiso, Haziel Mavesere, Cedia Tjihoto, Daylight Manyere, Charlotte Kauraisa, Learnmore Garanowako, Michael Tune, William DeKlerk, Benvenue Ndolo, Maria Angula, Ndapewoshali Hishekwa, Elizabeth Nandjendja, Elsabe Tsauses, Eunice Mouton, Kudzai Katandawa, Sophia Bruwer, Jaydee Van Staden, Beata Siteketa, Beata Kaholongo, Martha Ntinda, Pueya Nashidengo, Johanna Kandjumbwa, Lahia Lipumbu, Moussa Sirfi, Fouma Djibo, Moutari Mahaman, Abdoulaye Mahaman Bachir, Maikassoua Mamane, Adakal Ousseini, Maman Noury Hamissou Souley, Rabo Oumarou, Rekia Idrissa, Moussa Ichaou, Amina Saley, Abdoulay Seyni, Sahabi Amadou, Mahamane Sani Mahamane Laminou, Issoufou Moustapha Camara, Moussa Gagara, Hadjara Rabiou Daddy, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Sabo Ramatou, Saidu Kadas, Rabiu Mohammed, Abubakar Ballah, Tella Olalekan, Kefas Bwala, Mohammed Adamu, Adamu Isa, Ademola Adeyeye, Samuel Fayose, Akinola Akinmade, Taiwo Ajayi, Elizabeth Nwasor, Saidu Yakubu, Euphemia Ugwu, George Mukoro, Muhammed Ahmed, Gideon Akafa, Ahmad Lawal, Daniel Nwoye, Michael Odigbo, Zulaihatu Sarkin-Pawa, Tunde Sholadoye, Benjamin Fomete, Hamisu Yakubu, Abdulkadir Kabiru, Samaila Timothy, Ali Yusuf, Tasiu Saadu, Babangida Mohammed, Abdulghaffar Yunus, Ganiyat Olagunju, Muhammad Aminu, Mohammad Idris, Musliu Tolani, Nasiru Dalhat, Samuel Gana, Talent Adike, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahman Sheshe, Sani Aji, Mamuda Atiku, Raphael Attah, Abubakar Muhammed, Rasaki Oseni, Halima Salisu-Kabara, Benjamin Nkemjika, Omotayo Salami, Adekunle Akadri, Bukola Olayinka, Clement Onuoha, Umar Usman Jamaare, Auwalu Saminu Jibrin, Sani Giade Abdullahi, Ibrahim Ishaku, Adenike Odewabi, John Bamigboye, Oladapo Kuforiji, Chidiebere Ogo, Stella Ogunmuyiwa, Abdussemee Abdurrazzaaq, Adebayo Tanimola, Michael Adeyanju, Oluwatimilehin Andero, Temitope Ojo, Olusi Adedotun, Gbadamosi Kehinde, Jimoh Buraimoh, Kabiru Muhammad, Sophia Baidoo, Patrick Okoli, Azeez Adigun, Ekene Ezeonye, Kabir Isa, Yetunde Aremu-Kasumu, Kamil Shoretire, Peter Enesi, Amechi Ezike, Olatunde Olawoye, Emmanuel Ugwu, Christopher Ukah, Abolade Olugbenga, Nwachukwu Chidiebere, Nasiru Abdulraman, Adebiyi Olusegun, Alisa Halisa, Semiat Yusuf, Jamila Salisu, Chidiebube Okoro, Abdul Suleiman, Fabian Onowighose, Aliyu Farinyaro, Suleiman Baba, Umar Abdulmajid, Aisha Abdurrahman, Ogochukwu Obi, Olatunde Alabi, William Adeyemi, Jelili Salau, Jones Taiwo, Nnaemeka Nwafulume, Taiye Ibiyeye, Edith Agu, Ayodeji Danboy, James Abdulazeez, Christopher Ekwunife, Chimaobi Nnaji, Chigozirim Onyekpere, Amara Arunsi, Jude Egwim, Obianuju Nwana, Nnabuike Ojiegbe, Charles Mbamba, Paul Ngwu, Frank Imahigbe, Emmanuel Okoroji, Iloh Ikenna, Abdulrahman Mohammed, Adebayo Adeniyi, Toluwalope Ariyo, Olajide Gabriel, Tesleem Orewole, Salawu Idris, Idowu Adebara, Abiodun Okunlola, Akinwale Akinbade, Oluwasesan Afolabi, Adewumi Bakare, Olabisi Adeyemo, Benjamin Ugwu, Samuel Nuhu, Henry Embu, Erdoo Isamade, Chinedu Obikili, Amaka Ocheke, Solomon Peter, Donald Orshio, Peter Onuminya, Jack Okopi, Olufemi Bankole, Bosede Afolabi, Dapo Osinowo, Ayodeji Oluwole, Muyiwa Rotimi, Ibironke Desalu, Rufus Ojewola, Bolaji Mofikoya, Kola Owonikoko, Adeolu Adeoye, Temidayo Bobo, Taiwo Akinloye, David Ama, Ebere Okoronkwo, Muhammad Mahmud, Jamiu Adebiyi, Temitope Babalola, Mansur Muhammad, Afeez Aruna, Maryrose Osazuwa, Ayodeji Yusuf, Isiaka Lawal, Bitrus Fidelis, Rephath Pius, Cyril Jomosu, Adebayo Adedayo, Abubakar Aliyu, Adaora Agholor, Abdullateef Abdulazeez, Chabiya Bala, Eziamaka Eze, Elizabeth Ani, Uchenna Okeke, Dominica Adebayo, Okechukwu Ekwunife, Victor Modekwe, Chuka Ugwunne, Chukwuemeka Okoro, Chisom Uche, Simeon Olateju, Fred Ige-Orhionkpaibima, Adedapo Adetoye, Olurotimi Aaron, Jeremiah Abimbola, Folayemi Faponle, Olumuyiwa Ajayeoba, Olusoji Jagun, Oluwabunmi Fatungase, Adeniyi Akiseku, Chigbundu Nwokoro, Ramotalai Shoyemi, Ibukunolu Ogundele, Nankat Joseph, Salihu Bura, Chukwuka Nwezoku, Manu Bwala, Meshach Philips, Abubakar Usman, Emmanuel Filibus, Zara Umate, Nwabuoke Chukwuka, Ahmed Nuhu, Watakiri Ibrahim, James Nggada, Ali Izge, Musa Ismail, Olayinka Eyelade, Tinuola Adigun, Babatunde Osinaike, Olayinka Ogunbode, Olusola Idowu, Taiwo Lawal, Temidayo Ogundiran, Olayiwola Shittu, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Stephen Edino, Zumnan Songden, Olumide Akitoye, Bissallah Ekele, Godwin Akaba, Terkaa Atim, Akitoye Adeleke, Owoicho Okochi, Sunday Akeju, Ernest Ukpoju, Osayomwanbo Osaheni, Ifunanya Obaseki, Lateef Kehinde, Osawemwenze Monday, Stanley Nte, Adesuwa Agboifo, Omajuwa Dawodu, Precious Orhiere, David Atiti, Queeneth Kalu, Felix Effiom, Israel Kolawole, Olawale Ojo, Afusat Olabinjo, Olufemi Ige, Beatrice Ogunyemi, Olusola Oladosu, Kikelomo Adesina, Sulaiman Agodirin, Asimiyu Shittu, Audu Idrisa, Sadiq Adamu, Nuhu Ali, Olayinka Adewunmi, Stephen Nwankwor, Akinwumi Olakanmi, Oluseye Ajayi, Ayotolu Ajayi, Victor Ogunmola, Oluwafunke Olakanmi, Adam Kuranga, Enoch Uche, Chukwuemeka Osuagwu, Chukwudi Ilo, Mesi Matthew, Uko Uko, Ngozi Mba, Olubusola Alagbe-Briggs, Amabra Dodiyi-Manuel, Bisola Onajin-Obembe, Bright Obasuyi, Richard Echem, Ihuoma Mike-Elechi, Job Otokwala, Mark Edubio, Catherine Eyo, Isaac Udo, Aliyu Abdulrahman, A.A. Abdullahi, Ibrahim Galadima Bello, Usman Adinoyin Mohammed, Abidemi Oyaromade, Mohammed Bello, Usman Muhammad, Emeri Mbah, Hyacinth Okereke, Almustapha Aminu, Anthony Ahmadu, Abu Rogers, Peter Samai, Sao Amara, Margaret Yankuba, Mary Josayah, Jayah Swarray Jnr, Alusine Dawo, Peter George, Mustapha Kabba, Mohamed Bah, Charles Mondeh, Ibrahim Kapuwa, Mohamed Sheku, Philip Mattia, Brima Sesay, Jones O.A. Omoshoro-Jones, Motselisi Mbeki, Estie Cloete, Philip Anderson, Busi Mrara, Annemarie Steyn, Tsakani Mhlari, Nic Proctor, Caroline Robertson, Gillian Lamacroft, Usha Singh, Sebenzile Sikhakhane, Kelly Gate, Shepherd Nzenza, John Tshimbalanga Kasonga, Sibongile Ndebele, Patrick Lufuta Kande, Jody Davids, Tino-vito Orlandi, Marischka de Jong, Hugo Stark, Francois Roodt, Jonathan Hall, Ian Nortje, Akanimo Akpakan, Vishendran Govindasamy, Ronisha Sathiram, Mohammad Kathrada, Zane Farina, Lucio Frittella, Charles Kohler, Sibuyiselwe Lubelwana, Sarwat Ikram-Hameed, Adriaan Smit, Muneerah Cassiem, Yvonne Freeman, Saaliha Goga, Larissa Cronje, Constantin Buzdugan, Subash Chirkut, Priyadeshni Singh, Sandhya Jithoo, Vivesh Rughubar, John Arnold, Rishan Bipath, Suman Mewa Kinoo, Ncumisa Khanyisa Msolo, Fleur Ackermans-Deijnen, Tshegofatso Mmasello Emma Boka, Martyn Biccard Greenwood, Shakthi Anand Jayrajh, Devarani Naidoo, Syndrini Reddy, Devandiran Harriraman Rungan, Kylene Subrayen, John Roos, Nina Tredoux, Pascal Plumacher, Anthony Reed, Harald Steinhaus, Mariesa Nock, Paul Ryan Herselman, Gareth Davies, Talitha Harvey, Franklin Muller, Willem Naude, Tania Pretorius, Johan Jochemus Swart, Merryn Walls, Prashant Gokal, Nicolette Rorke, Farzaana Dhoodhat, Precious Dzanibe, Mohammed Yusuf Hussain, Ashmita Junpath, Ameela Maharaj, Hylda Makanisi, Khalid Moosa, Ting Ting Wong, Sean Mould, Trisha Ramsamy, Roel Matos-Puig, Hayley Morgan, Nadeem Nabeebuccas, Ria Devi Naidoo, Viantha Pather, Vasheel Vasheel Bahadur, Renilda Pillay, Zahnne Fullerton, Nicole Bell, Bongisa Grey, Vincent Lorenzo Visentin, Hendrik Adriaan Van Zyl, Terri Anne Killingbeck, Emile Maneveldt, Gerhard Thiart, Magdelena May Venter, Oostewalt Swart, Mariette Grobelaar, Carel Cairns, David Bishop, Christien Steenkamp, Thandekile Khumalo, Noel Naidoo, Ross Murray, Martin Kopieniak, Melusi Sishange, Mxolisi Brian Ndimande, Megan Jaworska, Sarwat Ikram, Bence Rainier, Renier J. Liebenberg, Helena D. Zwiegers, Philip M. Nortje, Kamal Bhagwan, Margot Flint, Robert Dyer, Simone Adams, Yoshua Bwambale, Danny Ngomo, Patrice Kanku, Nivashen Pillay, Alexa de Castro, Atisha Maharaj, Janine Carim, Jenna Leigh Taylor, Karl M. Köhne, Leanne W. Drummond, Leanne Temlett, Lieze Geldenhuys, Yvonne Seilbea, Kathryn Naidoo, Nicola A. Kalafatis, Stefné Verwey, Thulile Biyase, Theroshnie Kisten, Belinda S. Kusel, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Richard Magagula, Christian Kampik, Kuzolunga Xulu, Sivuyisiwe Solala, Mia Sayed, Basil Enicker, Anil Madaree, Innocent Mukama, Gladmore Madombwe, Nonhlanhla Zulu, Nompumelelo Gasa, Nokuzula Kanjana, Sebenzile Buthelezi, Thembelihle Buthelezi, Andries Brink, Francois Potgieter, Busisiwe Mrara, Zaynab Alexander, Charles Choto, Paula Ima, Zintle Gxagxisa, Baphethuxolo Ningiza, Gillian Lamacraft, Jerome Mogorosi, Nadia du Plessis, Leonie de Man, Suné Thompson, Gerrit van Heerden, Edwin W. Turton, Pieter M. van der Linde, Josephine K. Teme-Pitse, Reitumetse Tladi, Gillian D. Saffy, Ene-Mari Roscher, Kristel Fortune, George Barnard, Tiisetso Makhasane, Evan Bowen, Akangcha Pal, Rachel Moore, Maria Fourtounas, Mary Augusta Adam, Renessa Arumugan, Gabriella Hyman, Jaclyn Jonosky, Maninginingi Makondo, Heveshan Moodley, Phillip Munda, Mzwandile Nyalungu, Victor Olusola, Sohan Zane Pinto, Tristan Pillay, Lucinda Singh, Paul Mwindekuma Wondoh, John Devar, Boitumelo Baloyi-Mnisi, Zach Koto, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Branny Mthelebofu, Colin Beck, Matthew Dold, Alice Fan, Shannon MacQueen, Thembani Matabata, Catherine Mpehle, Charné Kulenkampf, Tsakani McCreath Mhlari, Simangele Cecilia Nyoka-Mokgalong, Felix Thumba Masinge, Randhir Ramnath Gunpath, Maropeng Petrus Pat Mothwa, Jo-Anne Asenath Mothwa, Danai Mhlanga, Jamie-Lyn Colly, Aunel Mallier Peter, Khalid Ben Hameda, Pulane Mokae, Stella Josephine Moumakoe, Kelechi Ekeh, Nezingu Lengo, Marnus Booyens, Inge Louise Seale, Pieter Daniel Theron, Nicolaas Abraham Schuman, Amber Carlyn Sonn, Jacobus Lukas Stander, Nadia Cloete, Marius Cloete, Catherine Ann Makepeace, Ronel van der Westhuizen, Leanne Robyn Messiahs, Amy Ruth Visagie, Fatima Vawda, Frans Christiaan Voster, Deepika Dhilraj, Oliver Smith, Stefan Bolon, Daniel Montwedi, Motsilisi Mbeki, Jayde Wyngaard, Mthunzi Ngcelwane, Thomas Kleyenstuber, Phyllis Phukubye, Liesel Schärf, Grace Laker, Elizabeth Semenya, Reinhard Dembskey, Thomas Tarlton, Tapiwa Jiri, Ngoie Hubert Mushid, Nhlanhla Samuel Ngwenya, Hazel Morongoa Mogodi, Carmen Sinevici, Anthony Osarogie Usenbo, Naledi Fodo, Anesu Chimini, Ntetelelo Sikobi, Sinovuyo Nokwange, Mluleki Noqhamza, Qumba Thembisa, Kajake Anantha Padmanabha Bhat, Rabin Mathew, Katrin Middleton, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Craig Dickson, Humairah Bulbulia, Bianka Bester, Michelle de Klerk, Christia Benade, Francois Viljoen, Monique Fischer, Khalid Alfaki, Abdalmalik Awad, Abdelsalam Algray, Mohammed Elsiddig, Suha Mohamed, Salih Mahmoud, Muhammed Osman, Asia Elgailany, Mazin Suliman, Hanaa Mohammed, Lina Aljeally, Mohammed Dirar, Mohammed Osman, Mazin Mohamed, Mohamed Elhasan, Abrar Widatalla, Abubakr Abubakr, Eman Mohamed, Alshareef Nour, Ntonto Doris Gama, Dolorosa Khetsiwe Shabangu, Cynthia Iradikunda, Samuel Mkoko, Paul Kisanga, Emmanuel Lema, Benson Lyimo, Mohamed Binde, Alphonce Chandika, Salim Salim, Sylvia Jumbe, Abel Makubi, Vihar Kotecha, Felician Kachinde, Museleta Nyakiroto, Emmanuel Jitambi, Venant Geofrey, Johaphes Josiah, Phinius Makubi, Frank Manumbu, Suzan Mlingwa, Ernest Ibenzi, Peter Mbelle, Kato Peleus, Enid Chiwanga, Nillah Richard, Shoo Leonard, Paulo Sanka, Subira Mushi, Bashir Nyangasa, Mohamed Janabi, Naizihijwa Majani, Pedro Palangyo, Evarist Nyawawa, William Ramadhan, Faraj Lydenge, Gileard Gabriel Masenga, Sakina Rashid, Mubashir Jusabani, Ansbert Ndebea, Jenitha Cheru, Margaret Henjewele, Greyson Kilimanjaro, Sarah Sikimata, Deocles Donatus, Hazina Maduhu, Tumaini Mariro, Given Massasi, Moshi Moshi Shabani, Braison Cholela, Marco Mgeleka, Yohatinus Mbilinyi, Faraja Chiwanga, Bilton Exavery, Caspar Haule, Samson Ndile, Sirili Harya, Julieth Magandi, Deogratius Manyama, Redempta Matindi, Adam Moshi, Daudi Kitwana, Merida Makia, Philip Muhochi, Miriam Herman, Clauda Miombo, Furaha Kahindo, Langtone Kishebuka, Elijah Ussiri, Gloria Kinasa, Patrick Adel, Eric Malaba, Vensesla Sakwari, Sadot Lugereka, Mohamed Mungia, George Mocha, Herman Wella, Cecilia Protas, Patrick Karua, Ahmada Kashagama, Faraja Mwasambugu, Suzana Kajeri, Jacquiline Mchilla, Elibariki Lucumay, Robert Maise, Amon Marti, Beatrice Mahundi, Frederika Jager, Charles Majani, Ludovick Rukeha, Tareeq Mohamed, Nabila Fuad, Winifrida Halinga, Elias Chrisant, Gilbert Msoma, Titus Kihwili, Gadiel Temu, Naima Yusuf, Rashid Saleh, Rashid Inoja, Eva Shang'a, Stella Ibrahim, Hussein Msuma, Edwin Edward, Paul Kilamile, Stephen Mwakyolile, Talkana Adja, Edem Gueouguede, Hafoudhoi Oussene Seddoh, Saliou Adam, Pilakimwe Egbohou, Mawunyo Ahomagnon, Olivier Kadjossou, Abdul-Bassiti Boukari, Mary T. Nabukenya, Ruth Muhindo, Peter Waswa, Peter Kaahwa Agaba, Daphne Kabatoro, Joseph Kayongo, Margaret Naggujja, Nabasiige Rehema, Phiona Nansubuga, Daniel Kavuma, Aggrey Lubikire, Hope Bisilikirwa, Godfrey Ssebaggala, Emmanuel Muwema, Humble Joan Agaba, John Kiconco, Nicholas Wataaka, Bonet Chan, Mary Juliet Nampawu, Fred Bulamba, Emmanuel Bua, Christine Mugala, Caroline Nyakato, John Paul Ochieng, Linda Kyomuhendo Jovia, George Kateregga, Rachel Alum, Lazia Najjuma, Gorret Nampiina, Andrew Kintu, Joshua Sempiira, Luzige Simon, Peter Kayima, Jacob Eyul, Erick Odwar, Rita Nkwine, Christine Namata, Elizabeth Nabakka, Denis Kakaire, Velda Mushangwe-Mtisi, Erisha Munhamo, Celestino Dhege, Juliet Hungwa, Hemish Jasi, Crispin Ntoto, Derek Matsika, Brightson Mutseyekwa, Joseph Zimbovoora, Beaulah Gudyanga, Dennis Mazingi, Chenesa Mbanje, Busisiwe Mlambo, Michael Chiwanga, Harunavamwe N. Chifamba, Sarudzai Zhou, Esta Hove, Shamiso Dende, Beauty Manjengwa, Penias Kapisa, null Mashava, Caritas Chiura, Locadia Katsukunya, Godfrey Muguti, Doreen Mashava, Elton Ndhlovu, Zanele Mangwangwa, and Nombulelo Dube
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Interprofessional Relations, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, Fidelity, Postoperative Complications, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intervention (counseling), Humans, Medicine, Postoperative Period, Cooperative Behavior, Nursing management, media_common, Response rate (survey), business.industry, Standard of Care, Odds ratio, Hospitals, Confidence interval, Clinical trial, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Population Surveillance, Africa, Physical therapy, business
Abstract: Background The African Surgical OutcomeS-2 (ASOS-2) trial tested an enhanced postoperative surveillance intervention to reduce postoperative mortality in Africa. We undertook a concurrent evaluation to understand the process of intervention delivery. Methods Mixed-methods process evaluation, including field notes, interviews, and post-trial questionnaire responses. Qualitative analysis used the framework method with subsequent creation of comparative case studies, grouping hospitals by intervention fidelity. A post-trial questionnaire was developed using initial qualitative analyses. Categorical variables were summarised as count (%) and continuous variables as median (inter-quartile range [IQR]). Odds ratios (OR) were used to rank influences by impact on fidelity. Results The dataset included eight in-depth case studies, and 96 questionnaire responses (response rate 67%) plus intervention fidelity data for each trial site. Overall, 57% (n=55/96) of hospitals achieved intervention delivery using an inclusive definition of fidelity. Delivery of the ASOS-2 interventions and data collection presented a significant burden to the investigators, outstripping limited resources. The influences most associated with fidelity were: surgical staff enthusiasm for the trial (OR=3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–7.0); nursing management support of the trial (OR=2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–6.5); performance of a dummy run (OR=2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–6.1); nursing colleagues seeing the value of the intervention(s) (OR=2.1; 95% CI, 0.9–5.7); and site investigators' belief in the effectiveness of the intervention (OR=3.2; 95% CI, 1.2–9.4). Conclusions ASOS-2 has proved that coordinated interventional research across Africa is possible, but delivering the ASOS-2 interventions was a major challenge for many investigators. Future improvement science efforts must include better planning for intervention delivery, additional support to investigators, and promotion of strong inter-professional teamwork. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials gov NCT03853824.
Published: 2021
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4. Enhanced postoperative surveillance versus standard of care to reduce mortality among adult surgical patients in Africa (ASOS-2): a cluster-randomised controlled trial

Author: Bruce M Biccard, Leon du Toit, Maia Lesosky, Tim Stephens, Landon Myer, Agya BA Prempeh, Nicola Vickery, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, Alexandra Torborg, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed Elfagieh, Bernard Mbwele, Mpoki Ulisubisya, Lazaro Mboma, Daniel Z Ashebir, Mahlet Tesfaye Bahta, Mohammed Hassen, Mikiyas Teferi, Yakob Seman, Eugene Zoumenou, Adam Hewitt-Smith, Janat Tumukunde, Dolly Munlemvo, Atilio Morais, Apollo Basenero, Pisirai Ndarukwa, Nazinigouba Ouerdraogo, Maman Sani Chaibou, Mohyeddine Zarouf, Ahmed Rhassane El Adib, Veekash Gobin, Zimogo Sanogo, Youssouf Coulibaly, Zipporah Ngumi, Tarig Fadalla, Cynthia Iradukunda, Vénérand Barendegere, Isaac O Smalle, Mustapha Bittaye, Ahmadou Lamin Samateh, Mahmoud Elfiky, Maher Fawzy, Wakisa Mulwafu, Vanessa Msosa, Lygia Lopes, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, Hamza D Sama, Patrice Forget, Dawid van Straaten, Rupert M Pearse, Marichen Puchert, Lucy Rolt, Kris Schwebler, Freddy Kabambi, Tebogo Mabotja, Leandys Cobas, Albino Freitas, Maria Antunes, Bartolomeu Cabo, Domingos Paulo, Carlos Camongua, Yvette Avognon, Osseni Marcos, Raymond Kintomonho, Onesime Demahou, Gisèle Hounsa, Hugues Chobli, Elie Fassinou, Aurore Zoglobossou, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, Fifame Amadji, Francine Bossa, Ernest Ahounou, Djima Alao, Roushdane Odérémi, Afissatou Montairou, Oswald Gbehade, Romaric Tobome, Adam Boukari, Patrick Bakantieba, Arouna Sambo, Fanou Lionelle, Nounagnon Gilbert, Julien Attinon, Roger Klikpezo, Aumar Dadjo, Dénis Fanou, Gilberte Hounkpe, Bachabi Fafana, Néné Nguilu, Bodourin Dossou-Yovo, Chantal Segla, Mohamed Toko, Evelyne Gnele-Dedewanou, Michel Noukounwoui, Ethienne Yado, Timothé Gouroubéra, Valéry Adjignon, Serge Mewanou, Aïcha Tchomgang, Urielle Agossou, Fernand Soton, Charbel Azanlin, Lidwine Zomahoun, Rawéléguinbasba Armel Flavien Kabore, Salam Savadogo, Fatou Fleur Rosine Sanou, Farid Belém, Victoria Hien, Cheik Tidiane Hafid W Bougouma, Sie Ahmed Ouattara, Mariam Bambara Kabore, Ouedraogo Nazinigouba, Papougnezambo Bonkoungou, Martin Lankoandé, Mireille Traoré, Patrick Sawadogo, Inès Wenmenga, Boureima Kinda, André Simporé, Christian Sapo, Salah Idriss Traore, Haoua Dipama, Lydie WR Kaboré, Salifou Napon, Télesphore G Kaboré, Arouna Louré, Pélagie PP Tondé, Christian Zoundi, Harouna Sanou, Remy Ndikumana, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Gregory Sund, Alliance Niyukuri, Axel Kwizera, Jean-Claude Niyondiko, Adolphe Manzanza Kilembe, Jean Pierre Mwema Ilunga, Nehema Hailemariam Sarah, Gabriel Mubobo Makeya, Idesbald Mwebe Mwepu, Ted Botawaosenge Likongo, Richard Kapela Mvwala, Raphael Nzau Kapend Mubunda, Noellie Kanka Mukuna, Julie Djondo Pembe, Nicolas Lumuanga Ndaye, Eric Bibonge Amisi, Mike Ilunga Madika, Joe Kembo Lungela, Didier Ndonda Mayemba, Philomene Mamba Diyoyo, Alex Mbo Ngalala, Martin Mamba Mukenga, Patricia Tito Kabuni, Dany Bolimo Mpoto, Herve Inesnku Mole, Louise Keby, Oria Andavo Buti, Anselme Phaka, Belinda Mayenge, Jean Jeacques Kabuley Kalongo, Timothe Kemfuni Mawisa, Rodrigue Tondo Ngwizani, Kuyala Leya, Dieudonne Kisile Sanduku, Timothe Nkemfuni Mawisa, Coco Nseke Mfumu, Mbuta Bolenge, Desire Kinzenzengu Kabuce, Patrick Kintieti, Amelia Mbuluku, Vicky Mahuwa, Tharcice Khonde Mabiala, Guilain Ngoy, Patrick Boloko, Nono Mazangama Mvwama, Jose Kengbanda, Pitchou Mushimbonga, Blaise Kuhapala, Nzosani Marcel, Kienze Guylain, Gerard Mboma, Sandra Zalambo Sagboze, Michel Muteya Manika, Jean Pierre Mumbere Kigayi, Roger Mukanire Cishugi, Placide Buhendwa Mugisho, Roger Baguma, Moïse Kongolo, Michel Mandungu Mbayabu, Crispin Mukendi Muamba, Edmond Banema Kapinga, Vasco Ngolela Kapinga, Guylain Tshimanga Nsumpi, Patrick Kanda Odia, Salomon Bingidimi, Gilbert Kpengbemale, Desire Hubert Bofunga Bosonga Imposo, Patricia Matondo, Servet Lelo, Jeremie Kalambayi, Mohamed Abdel-Ghaffar, Abdelrahman Soliman, Mostafa Abdelrahman, Sameh Shehata, Alia Rabee, Mohamed Abou Heba, Mohamed Rabei Abdelfattah, Tamer Ahmed Maher Ghoniem, Sherif M.K. 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Omoshoro-Jones, Motselisi Mbeki, Estie Cloete, Philip Anderson, Busi Mrara, Annemarie Steyn, Tsakani Mhlari, Nic Proctor, Caroline Robertson, Gillian Lamacroft, Usha Singh, Sebenzile Sikhakhane, Kelly Gate, Shepherd Nzenza, John Tshimbalanga Kasonga, Sibongile Ndebele, Patrick Lufuta Kande, Jody Davids, Tino-vito Orlandi, Marischka de Jong, Hugo Stark, Francois Roodt, Jonathan Hall, Ian Nortje, Akanimo Akpakan, Vishendran Govindasamy, Ronisha Sathiram, Mohammad Kathrada, Zane Farina, Lucio Frittella, Charles Kohler, Sibuyiselwe Lubelwana, Sarwat Ikram-Hameed, Adriaan Smit, Muneerah Cassiem, Yvonne Freeman, Saaliha Goga, Larissa Cronje, Constantin Buzdugan, Subash Chirkut, Priyadeshni Singh, Sandhya Jithoo, Vivesh Rughubar, John Arnold, Rishan Bipath, Suman Mewa Kinoo, Ncumisa Khanyisa Msolo, Fleur Ackermans-Deijnen, Tshegofatso Mmasello Emma Boka, Martyn Biccard Greenwood, Shakthi Anand Jayrajh, Devarani Naidoo, Syndrini Reddy, Devandiran Harriraman Rungan, Kylene Subrayen, John Roos, Nina Tredoux, Pascal Plumacher, Anthony Reed, Harald Steinhaus, Mariesa Nock, Paul Ryan Herselman, Gareth Davies, Talitha Harvey, Franklin Muller, Willem Naude, Tania Pretorius, Johan Jochemus Swart, Merryn Walls, Prashant Gokal, Nicolette Rorke, Farzaana Dhoodhat, Precious Dzanibe, Mohammed Yusuf Hussain, Ashmita Junpath, Ameela Maharaj, Hylda Makanisi, Khalid Moosa, Ting Ting Wong, Sean Mould, Trisha Ramsamy, Roel Matos-Puig, Hayley Morgan, Nadeem Nabeebuccas, Ria Devi Naidoo, Viantha Pather, Vasheel Vasheel Bahadur, Renilda Pillay, Zahnne Fullerton, Nicole Bell, Bongisa Grey, Vincent Lorenzo Visentin, Hendrik Adriaan Van Zyl, Terri Anne Killingbeck, Emile Maneveldt, Gerhard Thiart, Magdelena May Venter, Oostewalt Swart, Mariette Grobelaar, Carel Cairns, David Bishop, Christien Steenkamp, Thandekile Khumalo, Noel Naidoo, Ross Murray, Martin Kopieniak, Melusi Sishange, Mxolisi Brian Ndimande, Megan Jaworska, Sarwat Ikram, Bence Rainier, Renier J Liebenberg, Helena D Zwiegers, Philip M Nortje, Kamal Bhagwan, Margot Flint, Robert Dyer, Simone Adams, Yoshua Bwambale, Danny Ngomo, Patrice Kanku, Nivashen Pillay, Alexa de Castro, Atisha Maharaj, Janine Carim, Jenna Leigh Taylor, Karl M Köhne, Leanne W Drummond, Leanne Temlett, Lieze Geldenhuys, Yvonne Seilbea, Kathryn Naidoo, Nicola A Kalafatis, Stefné Verwey, Thulile Biyase, Theroshnie Kisten, Belinda S Kusel, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Richard Magagula, Christian Kampik, Kuzolunga Xulu, Sivuyisiwe Solala, Mia Sayed, Basil Enicker, Anil Madaree, Innocent Mukama, Gladmore Madombwe, Nonhlanhla Zulu, Nompumelelo Gasa, Nokuzula Kanjana, Sebenzile Buthelezi, Thembelihle Buthelezi, Andries Brink, Francois Potgieter, Busisiwe Mrara, Zaynab Alexander, Charles Choto, Paula Ima, Zintle Gxagxisa, Baphethuxolo Ningiza, Gillian Lamacraft, Jerome Mogorosi, Nadia du Plessis, Leonie de Man, Suné Thompson, Gerrit van Heerden, Edwin W Turton, Pieter M van der Linde, Josephine K Teme-Pitse, Reitumetse Tladi, Gillian D Saffy, Ene-Mari Roscher, Kristel Fortune, George Barnard, Tiisetso Makhasane, Evan Bowen, Akangcha Pal, Rachel Moore, Maria Fourtounas, Mary Augusta Adam, Renessa Arumugan, Gabriella Hyman, Jaclyn Jonosky, Maninginingi Makondo, Heveshan Moodley, Phillip Munda, Mzwandile Nyalungu, Victor Olusola, Sohan Zane Pinto, Tristan Pillay, Lucinda Singh, Paul Mwindekuma Wondoh, John Devar, Boitumelo Baloyi-Mnisi, Zach Koto, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Branny Mthelebofu, Colin Beck, Matthew Dold, Alice Fan, Shannon MacQueen, Thembani Matabata, Catherine Mpehle, Charné Kulenkampf, Tsakani McCreath Mhlari, Simangele Cecilia Nyoka-Mokgalong, Felix Thumba Masinge, Randhir Ramnath Gunpath, Maropeng Petrus Pat Mothwa, Jo-Anne Asenath Mothwa, Danai Mhlanga, Jamie-Lyn Colly, Aunel Mallier Peter, Khalid Ben Hameda, Pulane Mokae, Stella Josephine Moumakoe, Kelechi Ekeh, Nezingu Lengo, Marnus Booyens, Inge Louise Seale, Pieter Daniel Theron, Nicolaas Abraham Schuman, Amber Carlyn Sonn, Jacobus Lukas Stander, Nadia Cloete, Marius Cloete, Catherine Ann Makepeace, Ronel van der Westhuizen, Leanne Robyn Messiahs, Amy Ruth Visagie, Fatima Vawda, Frans Christiaan Voster, Deepika Dhilraj, Oliver Smith, Stefan Bolon, Daniel Montwedi, Motsilisi Mbeki, Jayde Wyngaard, Mthunzi Ngcelwane, Thomas Kleyenstuber, Phyllis Phukubye, Liesel Schärf, Grace Laker, Elizabeth Semenya, Reinhard Dembskey, Thomas Tarlton, Tapiwa Jiri, Ngoie Hubert Mushid, Nhlanhla Samuel Ngwenya, Hazel Morongoa Mogodi, Carmen Sinevici, Anthony Osarogie Usenbo, Naledi Fodo, Anesu Chimini, Ntetelelo Sikobi, Sinovuyo Nokwange, Mluleki Noqhamza, Qumba Thembisa, Kajake Anantha Padmanabha Bhat, Rabin Mathew, Katrin Middleton, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Craig Dickson, Humairah Bulbulia, Bianka Bester, Michelle de Klerk, Christia Benade, Francois Viljoen, Monique Fischer, Khalid Alfaki, Abdalmalik Awad, Abdelsalam Algray, Mohammed Elsiddig, Suha Mohamed, Salih Mahmoud, Muhammed Osman, Asia Elgailany, Mazin Suliman, Hanaa Mohammed, Lina Aljeally, Mohammed Dirar, Mohammed Osman, Mazin Mohamed, Mohamed Elhasan, Abrar Widatalla, Abubakr Abubakr, Eman Mohamed, Alshareef Nour, Ntonto Doris Gama, Dolorosa Khetsiwe Shabangu, Cynthia Iradikunda, Samuel Mkoko, Paul Kisanga, Emmanuel Lema, Benson Lyimo, Mohamed Binde, Alphonce Chandika, Salim Salim, Sylvia Jumbe, Abel Makubi, Vihar Kotecha, Felician Kachinde, Museleta Nyakiroto, Emmanuel Jitambi, Venant Geofrey, Johaphes Josiah, Phinius Makubi, Frank Manumbu, Suzan Mlingwa, Ernest Ibenzi, Peter Mbelle, Kato Peleus, Enid Chiwanga, Nillah Richard, Shoo Leonard, Paulo Sanka, Subira Mushi, Bashir Nyangasa, Mohamed Janabi, Naizihijwa Majani, Pedro Palangyo, Evarist Nyawawa, William Ramadhan, Faraj Lydenge, Gileard Gabriel Masenga, Sakina Rashid, Mubashir Jusabani, Ansbert Ndebea, Jenitha Cheru, Margaret Henjewele, Greyson Kilimanjaro, Sarah Sikimata, Deocles Donatus, Hazina Maduhu, Tumaini Mariro, Given Massasi, Moshi Moshi Shabani, Braison Cholela, Marco Mgeleka, Yohatinus Mbilinyi, Faraja Chiwanga, Bilton Exavery, Caspar Haule, Samson Ndile, Sirili Harya, Julieth Magandi, Deogratius Manyama, Redempta Matindi, Adam Moshi, Daudi Kitwana, Merida Makia, Philip Muhochi, Miriam Herman, Clauda Miombo, Furaha Kahindo, Langtone Kishebuka, Elijah Ussiri, Gloria Kinasa, Patrick Adel, Eric Malaba, Vensesla Sakwari, Sadot Lugereka, Mohamed Mungia, George Mocha, Herman Wella, Cecilia Protas, Patrick Karua, Ahmada Kashagama, Faraja Mwasambugu, Suzana Kajeri, Jacquiline Mchilla, Elibariki Lucumay, Robert Maise, Amon Marti, Beatrice Mahundi, Frederika Jager, Charles Majani, Ludovick Rukeha, Tareeq Mohamed, Nabila Fuad, Winifrida Halinga, Elias Chrisant, Gilbert Msoma, Titus Kihwili, Gadiel Temu, Naima Yusuf, Rashid Saleh, Rashid Inoja, Eva Shang'a, Stella Ibrahim, Hussein Msuma, Edwin Edward, Paul Kilamile, Stephen Mwakyolile, Talkana Adja, Edem Gueouguede, Hafoudhoi Oussene Seddoh, Saliou Adam, Pilakimwe Egbohou, Mawunyo Ahomagnon, Olivier Kadjossou, Abdul-Bassiti Boukari, Mary T Nabukenya, Ruth Muhindo, Peter Waswa, Peter Kaahwa Agaba, Daphne Kabatoro, Joseph Kayong, Margaret Naggujja, Nabasiige Rehema, Phiona Nansubuga, Daniel Kavuma, Aggrey Lubikire, Hope Bisilikirwa, Godfrey Ssebaggala, Emmanuel Muwema, Humble Joan Agaba, John Kiconco, Nicholas Wataaka, Bonet Chan, Mary Juliet Nampawu, Fred Bulamba, Emmanuel Bua, Christine Mugala, Caroline Nyakato, John Paul Ochieng, Linda Kyomuhendo Jovia, George Kateregga, Rachel Alum, Lazia Najjuma, Gorret Nampiina, Andrew Kintu, Joshua Sempiira, Luzige Simon, Peter Kayima, Jacob Eyul, Erick Odwar, Rita Nkwine, Christine Namata, Elizabeth Nabakka, Denis Kakaire, Velda Mushangwe-Mtisi, Erisha Munhamo, Celestino Dhege, Juliet Hungwa, Hemish Jasi, Crispin Ntoto, Derek Matsika, Brightson Mutseyekwa, Joseph Zimbovoora, Beaulah Gudyanga, Dennis Mazingi, Chenesa Mbanje, Busisiwe Mlambo, Michael Chiwanga, Harunavamwe N Chifamba, Sarudzai Zhou, Esta Hove, Shamiso Dende, Beauty Manjengwa, Penias Kapisa, null Mashava, Caritas Chiura, Locadia Katsukunya, Godfrey Muguti, Doreen Mashava, Elton Ndhlovu, Zanele Mangwangwa, and Nombulelo Dube
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Standard of care, business.industry, Psychological intervention, MEDLINE, Standard of Care, General Medicine, Articles, Hospitals, Hospitalization, Intervention (counseling), Relative risk, Emergency medicine, Africa, medicine, Humans, In patient, Female, Cluster randomised controlled trial, Postoperative Period, business, Surgical patients
Abstract: Summary Background Risk of mortality following surgery in patients across Africa is twice as high as the global average. Most of these deaths occur on hospital wards after the surgery itself. We aimed to assess whether enhanced postoperative surveillance of adult surgical patients at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality in Africa could reduce 30-day in-hospital mortality. Methods We did a two-arm, open-label, cluster-randomised trial of hospitals (clusters) across Africa. Hospitals were eligible if they provided surgery with an overnight postoperative admission. Hospitals were randomly assigned through minimisation in recruitment blocks (1:1) to provide patients with either a package of enhanced postoperative surveillance interventions (admitting the patient to higher care ward, increasing the frequency of postoperative nursing observations, assigning the patient to a bed in view of the nursing station, allowing family members to stay in the ward, and placing a postoperative surveillance guide at the bedside) for those at high risk (ie, with African Surgical Outcomes Study Surgical Risk Calculator scores ≥10) and usual care for those at low risk (intervention group), or for all patients to receive usual postoperative care (control group). Health-care providers and participants were not masked, but data assessors were. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality of patients at low and high risk, measured at the participant level. All analyses were done as allocated (by cluster) in all patients with available data. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03853824 . Findings Between May 3, 2019, and July 27, 2020, 594 eligible hospitals indicated a desire to participate across 33 African countries; 332 (56%) were able to recruit participants and were included in analyses. We allocated 160 hospitals (13 275 patients) to provide enhanced postoperative surveillance and 172 hospitals (15 617 patients) to provide standard care. The mean age of participants was 37·1 years (SD 15·5) and 20 039 (69·4%) of 28 892 patients were women. 30-day in-hospital mortality occurred in 169 (1·3%) of 12 970 patients with mortality data in the intervention group and in 193 (1·3%) of 15 242 patients with mortality data in the control group (relative risk 0·96, 95% CI 0·69–1·33; p=0·79). 45 (0·2%) of 22 031 patients at low risk and 309 (5·6%) of 5500 patients at high risk died. No harms associated with either intervention were reported. Interpretation This intervention package did not decrease 30-day in-hospital mortality among surgical patients in Africa at high risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality. Further research is needed to develop interventions that prevent death from surgical complications in resource-limited hospitals across Africa. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists. Translations For the Arabic, French and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Published: 2021

5. Population Pharmacokinetics of Infliximab in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Author: J. Merlijn van den Berg, Ron A. A. Mathôt, Sophie E. Berends, Amara Nassar-Sheikh Rashid, Dieneke Schonenberg-Meinema, Graduate School, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Pharmacy, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, and Radiation Oncology
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Arthritis, TDM, Gastrointestinal Agents, Pharmacokinetics, population pharmacokinetic model, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Child, education, JIA, Pharmacology, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, Arthritis, Juvenile, Rheumatology, Infliximab, NONMEM, Regimen, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Drug Monitoring, infliximab, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The recommended infliximab (IFX) dose in (pediatric) rheumatology practice is 3-6 mg/kg every 4-8 weeks. Higher dosage regimens (>10 mg/kg) of IFX are effective and safe. To optimize IFX treatment in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), therapeutic drug monitoring might be beneficial. To support routine therapeutic drug monitoring of IFX and regimen optimization for patients with JIA, in-depth knowledge of the pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of IFX is needed. As soon as the optimal therapeutic drug ranges are known, PK model-based simulation can be used to individualize drug dosing recommendations. In this study, a population PK model for IFX is described for patients with JIA. METHODS: Data including IFX trough concentrations and anti-IFX antibodies of 27 pediatric patients with JIA on IFX maintenance treatment were retrieved from electronic charts. Three population PK models from the literature were validated for the authors' data set using the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling program NONMEM. A novel population PK model was developed based on the study data. RESULTS: A total of 65 blood samples obtained after a median of 32 days after the last IFX infusion (interquartile range 28-42) were analyzed. The 3 published models underpredicted the observed trough concentrations. A newly developed one-compartment model best described the data corresponding to IFX serum concentration over time in patients with JIA. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a novel PK model for IFX in patients with JIA. The data show that different PK models are needed for different age categories (children or adults) and different diseases.
Published: 2022
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6. Hearing Impairment in Infants with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated with Hypothermia

Author: Lukasz M. Karbowski, Salwan R. Al-Saad, Barbara Michniewicz, Jasmine A Amara, Janusz Gadzinowski, Dawid Szpecht, Witold Szyfter, Marta Szymankiewicz, and Katarzyna Wroblewska-Seniuk
Subjects: Male, Moderate to severe, Standard of care, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, macromolecular substances, Hypothermia, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hypothermia, Induced, Anesthesia, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain, Humans, Medicine, Female, medicine.symptom, Hearing Loss, business, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Therapeutic hypothermia acts as the standard of care for infants with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). A proportion of neonates who undergo hypothermia due to HIE have shown to develop various degrees of hearing impairment. Analyzing and identifying infants at high risk of developing hearing difficulties is fundamental for early intervention of such auditory complications. The aim was to assess clinical factors in the development of hearing impairment following therapeutic hypothermia in HIE infants. A retrospective analysis was performed on infants hospitalized in our neonatology department in Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland. All infants experienced moderate to severe HIE, and were treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Risk factors for hearing impairment were identified in all infants included in the study. Clinical data during hospital stay and follow-up hearing status were analyzed. A total of 87 HIE infants were included in the study. Seventy-six infants (40 male and 36 female) had otoacoustic emission (OAE) examination following birth, of which 14 (18.4%) demonstrated abnormal (positive) results. Infants with abnormal OAE results had significantly lower blood pH (6.86 ± 0.16
Published: 2022
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7. Translator Eccentricity Analysis in Tubular Linear Machines Using Quasi-3-D Finite Element Method Modeling

Author: Mazen Ghandour, Georges Barakat, Yacine Amara, and Haidar Diab
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Computation, media_common.quotation_subject, Mathematical analysis, Rotational symmetry, 3D modeling, Finite element method, Symmetry (physics), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnet, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Eccentricity (behavior), business, media_common
Abstract: This paper attempts to present a quasi-3D finite element method technique for modeling and analyzing tubular linear permanent magnet machines (TLPM) with translator eccentricity. Normal tubular linear machines can be modeled effectively using 2D axisymmetric models, but with the introduction of the eccentricity factor into the geometry the axis symmetry is no longer valid, and hence 3D modeling techniques become the only way for studying the machine. However, sometimes 3D modeling can become time-consuming and requires a huge amount of resources especially for non-linear problems, so the interest in modeling techniques that can represent the problem at hand with less computation time and relatively accurate results is high. A quasi-3D technique was specifically developed to be able to represent the eccentricity in TLPMs. The finite element method (FEM) was used for modeling. Eccentricity analysis has been carried on two different TLPM structures using the proposed quasi-3D, and the results from the quasi-3D model were compared to those obtained using the 3D FEM model. Both the open circuit and the on-load operating conditions were studied with the magnetic saturation taken into account. The behavior and the accuracy of the proposed model varied between the two studied structures and for the different operating conditions, and with very low computation time and cost the results obtained from the quasi-3D model were satisfactory in general except for certain cases.
Published: 2022
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8. Hybrid Excited Synchronous Machines

Author: Y. Amara, Jjh Johannes Paulides, H. Ben Ahmed, Ferhat Chabour, Mohamed Gabsi, Sami Hlioui, and Georges Barakat
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Electrical engineering, Field (computer science), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Renewable energy, Generator (circuit theory), Magnet, Energy transformation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Excitation, Efficient energy use
Abstract: Hybrid excited synchronous machines (HESM) combine permanent-magnet (PM) excitation and wound field (WF) excitation. The goal of hybrid excitation is to combine the advantages of PM excited machines and wound field synchronous machines. HESM have been identified as one of the emerging technologies for modern energy conversion systems. They have been the subject of many review papers. The principle of hybrid excitation allows solving many drawbacks related to permanent magnet electric machines operation: flux weakening, energy efficiency, and permanent magnets price fluctuation. It helps to introduce an additional degree of freedom in the design of synchronous machines, and allows therefore an easier adaptation of PM synchronous machines to a wider applications scope. To this additional degree corresponds the possibility of adjusting the contribution of the two magnetic field sources, PM and WF. The use of this technology for electric traction has been the subject of many scientific and technical contributions. In this contribution, the emphasis will be put on the use of these machines as generators in transportation applications and renewable energy applications. The design and operation of three particular structures will be presented. Two of them have been designed as generators for transportation applications, and the third one has been designed as generator for renewable energy conversion. All of them are flux switching hybrid excited synchronous structures (FSHESM).
Published: 2022
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9. Unsupervised thermal-to-visible domain adaptation method for pedestrian detection

Author: Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara, Mohamed Amine Marnissi, Hajer Fradi, and Anis Sahbani
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Pedestrian detection, Emphasis (telecommunications), Detector, Multispectral image, Pattern recognition, Adaptability, Domain (software engineering), Artificial Intelligence, Feature (computer vision), Signal Processing, Range (statistics), Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business, Software, media_common
Abstract: Pedestrian detection is a common task in the research area of video analysis and its results lay the foundations of a wide range of applications. It is commonly known that under challenging illumination and weather conditions, conventional visible cameras perform poorly and this limitation could be catered using thermal imagery. But, due to the fact that annotated thermal datasets are less available compared to the visible ones, in this paper we emphasis the need for leveraging information from the visible domain to perform detection in the thermal domain at no additional annotation cost. Precisely, we propose a domain adaptation method by incorporating feature distribution alignments into Faster R-CNN architecture at different levels and at two phases of the network. The resulting proposed adaptive detector has the advantage of covering different aspects of the domain shift in order to improve the overall performance. The proposed detector is evaluated on KAIST multispectral dataset and the obtained results demonstrate its effectiveness by improving the adaptability in the thermal domain. Also, by means of comparisons to other existing works, better results are obtained. Additional experiments are conducted on other datasets to further justify the obtained results.
Published: 2022
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10. Sarilumab in adults hospitalised with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia (CORIMUNO-SARI-1): An open-label randomised controlled trial

Author: Anatole Harrois, Florence Patin, Anaïs Razurel, Laure Allanic, Grégoire Martin de Frémont, Vincent Jachiet, Gonçalo Boleto, Eric D'Ortenzio, Xavier Mariette, Philippe Dieudé, Etienne Canouï, Z Julia, Nathalie Dournon, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, David Lebeaux, Eric Mariotte, Dorothee Vallois, Laurence Berard, Nicolas Gambier, Christiane Verny, Mathilde Le Marchand, Mitja Jevnikar, Jean-Jacques Mourad, Marjolaine Morgand, Bertrand Guidet, Alexandre Moores, Prissile Bakouboula, Frédéric Pène, Pascal Richette, Martine Meunier, Juliette Camuset, Stéphane Jauréguiberry, Lynda Chalal, Mamadou Salif Cisse, Marie-Hélène Legros, Yann Nguyen, Damien Roux, Robin Deleris, Maxence Decavele, Patrice Cacoub, Isabelle Dusanter, Patricia Senet, Nassim Mahtal, Raphael Borie, Philippe Benoit, Blandine Denis, Luca Semerano, Sebastien Abad, Marie Dubert, Marie Lachatre, Marine Livrozet, Nathan Ebstein, Lakhdar Mameri, Adrien Michon, Olivier Sanchez, Aurélien Guffroy, Pierre Dupland, Jérôme Pacanowski, Yasmina Ferfar, Tassadit Hadjam, Anne-Marie Roques, Celine Comparon, Solaya Chalal, A Soria, Isabelle Lehir, Anne Gysembergh-Houal, Stéphanie Alary, Valérie Dejean, Elena Kiouris, Estelle Henry, Sophie Diemunsch, Jonathan London, Fanny Charbonnier, Alexandre Demoule, Louise Bondeelle, Samira Saleh-Mghir, Lise Bernard, Brigitte Sabatier, Anne Jacolot, Aurelie Sautereau, Pierre Faye, Benjamin Fournier, Noémie Abisror, Awa Ndiaye, Ruben Benainous, Damien Sène, Emmanuelle Sacco, Isabelle Debrix, Gabriel Nisand, Régis Peffault de Latour, Anne Sophie Korganow, Kévin Cardet, Perrine Guillaume-Jugnot, Soumeya Hammal, B. Duchemann, Elena Fois, Jean-Benoit Arlet, Christine Broissand, Yaël Amara, Matheus Vieira, Sophie Caillat-Zucman, Madona Sakkal, Juliette Djadi-Prat, Jean-Louis Teboul, Hélène François, Stéphane Renaud, Sylviane Ravato, Alaki Thiemele, Gabrielle Archer, Alain Fourreau, David Boutboul, Arsène Mekinian, Antoine Gros, Morgane Faure, Anne Pattyn, Camille Petit-Hoang, Jessica Krause le Garrec, Antony Canellas, Jean-Michel Molina, Zakaria Ait Hamou, Eric Oksenhendler, Ilias Koumis, Marie-Aude Penet, Catherine Boussard, Vincent Fallet, Guillaume Geri, Loic Kassegne, Bernard Cholley, Lucie Biard, Elodie Perrodeau, Tomas Urbina, David Schmitz, johann Cailhol, Elise Morawiec, Audrey Phibel, Sophie Renet, Emmanuel Weiss, Faouzi Saliba, Kristina Beziriganyan, Abdellatif Tazi, Isabelle Peigney, Bertrand Dunogue, Rémy Gauzit, Damien Bergerot, Bob Heger, Ines Ben-Mabrouk, Jade Ghosn, Benjamin Planquette, Alexis Régent, François Weill, Yasmina Mekid, Rosa Da Silva, Victor Lancon, Marc Michel, Nadia Anguel, Anne Claire Desbois, François Danion, Brigitte Ranque, Mohamed Belloul, Nadège Lemarié, Amélie Cransac, Marine Nadal, Lalia Djaghout, Anne Tréhan, Samy Figueiredo, Hakim Meddah, Aurélie Clan Hew Wai, Julie Delemazure, Soraya Fellahi, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg, Matthieu Uzzan, Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée, Tabassome Simon, Vanessa Rathouin, Yves Hansmann, Hélène Gros, Syllia Belazouz, Nathalie Marin, Camille Rolland-Debord, Edouard Lefèvre, Sophie-Rym Hamada, Tristan Martin, Annabelle Stoclin, Frédéric Duée, Helene Chambrin-Lauvray, Ramdane Meftali, Miguel Alejandro Vasquez-Ibarra, Isabelle Madeleine, Simon Valayer, Anne Adda, Marie-Thérèse Tremorin, Nicolas Meyer, Vixra Keo, Lara Zafrani, Caroline Semaille, Maxime Dougados, Olivier Olivier, Emeline Colomba, Florence Morin, Claire Rouzaud, Paul Michel Mertes, Claire Montlahuc, Anne Blanchard, Valérie Pourchet-Martinez, Constance Delaugerre, Nicolas Carlier, Jacques Cadranel, Nicolas Noel, Kahina Cheref, Bao Phung, Moez Jallouli, Ulrich Clarac, Marthe Rigal, Mireille Adda, Lionel Galicier, Fanny Domont, Lee S. Nguyen, Férial Berbour, Fanny Pommeret, Celine Dupré, Gaël Leprun, Jean-Luc Diehl, Laetitia Languille, Philippe Blanche, Abolfazl Mohebbi, Mathilde Noaillon, Olivier Collange, Paul Jaubert, Anne Daguenel-Nguyen, Sandrine Briois, Anne-Lise Pouliquen, Coralie Bloch Queyrat, Clément Jourdaine, Cédric Pierron, Geoffrey Rossi, Chloe McAvoy, Claire Courtin, Mathias Cornic, C Rioux, Christine Lemagner, Martin Dres, Emmanuelle Guillot, Marc Garnier, Safaa Nemlaghi, Guillaume Grailles, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Veronique Joly, Thiziri Sadaoui, Marion Bouhris, Vincent Castelain, Muriel Fartoukh, Sébastien Cavelot, Sophie Ohlmann-Caillard, Valentina Isernia, Bruno Crestani, Thinhinane Bariz, Benjamin Chaigne, Emmanuel Andrès, Frédéric Blanc, Alain Wynckel, Louise-Laure Mariani, Yasmine Messaoudi, Naima Sguiouar, Amina Kebir, Asmaa Mamoune, Caroline Gaudefroy, Victoire De Lastours, Pierre Diemunsch, Etienne Lengliné, Claire Tantet, Julien Mayaux, Benjamin G. Chousterman, Arthur Pavot, Anne Rachline, Gwenaël Lorillon, Hassan Joumaa, Nicolas Lefebvre, Elodie Baudry, Nicolas Bonnet, Fanny Defrancq, Véronique Vigna, Yves Cohen, Amira Benattia, Martin Siguier, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle, Emmanuelle Bugnet, Lamiae Grimaldi, Olivia Daconceicao, Olivier Hermine, Mathieu Vautier, Florence Tubach, Marion Licois, Anaïs Codorniu, Fanny Alby-Laurent, Jérémie Zerbit, Aude Jacob, Benedicte Giroux-Leprieur, Carine Karachi, Laurent Cylly, Edouard Flamarion, Gladys Aratus, Charléne Jouve, Robin Dhote, Claire Davoine, Valentin Greigert, Gaelle Leroux, Cécile Kedzia, Guillaume Lefèvre, Catherine Metzger, Olivier Benveniste, Clairelyne Dupin, Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian, Mathieu Oberlin, Julien Poissy, Linda Gimeno, Adrien Contejean, Segolene Toquet, Jeanne CHAUFFiER, Mathieu Jozwiak, Laurent Savale, Virginie Zarrouk, Cécile Yelnik, Mandy Nizard, Mourad Djadel, F-Xavier Lescure, Agnes Maurer, Geoffroy Liégeon, Arthur Neuschwander, Hélène Lafoeste, Gaëtan Deslée, Frédéric De Blay, Claire Pernin, Cloé Comarmond, Anne Hutt, Ridha Belilita, Laurence Lecomte, Sophie-Caroline Sacleux, Nathalie Rozensztajn, Jean-Jacques Tudesq, Benjamin Terrier, Solène Fabre, Lelia Escaut, Eva Chatron, Emmanuelle Blin, Pauline Jouany, Sara Sambin, Chistophe Willekens, Nabil Raked, Jean-Simon Rech, Serge Bureau, Boris Bienvenu, Elisabeth Coupez, Tali-Anne Szwebel, Lydia Suarez, Chaouki Bouras, Kamyl Baghli, Emilia Stan, Valérie Camara-Clayette, Fanette Denies, Nathalie Menage, Paul Legendre, Axelle Fuentes, Oriane Puéchal, Charlotte Kaeuffer, Guillaume Becker, Clara Campos-Vega, Armand Mekontso-Dessaps, Pernelle Vauboin, Yurdagul Uzunhan, F Louni, Marie hélène Pari, Myriam Virlouvet, Nicolas Belaube, Hugues Cordel, Nathalie Chavarot, Olivier Sitbon, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, Matthieu Mahévas, Julie Smati, Olivier Clovet, Marc Bardou, Ada Clarke, Gilles Garcia, Anouk Walter-Petrich, Hala Semri, Vasco Honsel, Giovanna Melica, Pierre Mora, Olivier Fain, A Gervais, Marc Humbert, Yves Allenbach, Céline Verstuyft Verstuyft, Blandine Lehmann, Pascal Martel, Aida Zahrate-Ghoul, Karine Martin, Alexandre Bourgoin, Baptiste Duceau, Philippe Ravaud, Celine Wilpotte, Sylvie Le Gac, Michaël Darmont, Aurélie Durel Maurisse, Younes Keroumi, Aude Rigolet, Julie Chas, Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Caroline Morbieu, Valérie Paquet, Eric Vicaut, Pascaline Choinier, Samir Hamiria, Elsa Feredj, Frédéric Schlemmer, Gilles Pialoux, Zeina Louis, Marion Parisey, David Montani, Jean-Pierre Riveline, Jean-Marie Michot, Pascal Lim, Eliane Bertrand, Gaelle Clavere, Julie Jambon, Stéphane Brin, Saskia Flamand, Jeanne Meunier, Geoffroy Volle, Martin De Sarcus, Marie Vayssettes, Thomas Papo, Caroline Hauw-Berlemont, Gabriel Baron, Jeremy Arzoine, Loren Soyez-Herkert, Maria Pereira, Antoine Parrot, Johanna Oziel, Carole Burger, Eric Noll, Paul Vermes, Jeanne Goupil de Bouille, Xavier Monnet, Paul Crespin, Sarah Dalibey, Thierno Dieye, Renaud Felten, Jean-Philippe Bastard, Younes El Amine, Timothee Bironne, Damien Vanhoye, Amine Ghembaza, Laure Berton, Yvon Ruch, Thomas Volpe, Thomas Gorget, Jaouad Benhida, Julien Saussereau, Elodie Issorat, Virginie Elisee, Adrien Mirouse, Cecile Larcheveque, Laurène Deconinck, A. Dossier, Félix Ackermann, Greggory Ducrocq, Anne Bergeron, Laurence Annonay, Camille Knosp, Laurence Drouard, Adrien Joseph, Hilario Nunes, Hanane Fodil, Sabrine Ouamri, Belkacem Asselate, Julie Fillon, Dominique Dautel, Isabelle Brindele, Robin Charreteur, S Lariven, Elie Azoulay, Sami Kolta, Cédric Sublon, Florence Bellenfant, Melissa Clément, Lola-Jade Palmieri, Bruno Mourvillier, Ewa Kozaliewicz, Vincent Provitolo, Marie Lecronier, Julien Chabert, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Stéphan Pavy, Naura Gamany, Dorothée Chopin, Aïcha Bah, Moustafa Benafla, Corinne Guerin, Pierre Tissieres, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nessima Yelles, Emmanuel Chatelus, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Luc Mouthon, Marie Gilbert, Matthieu Lemoine, Lucie Aunay, Candice Estellat, Laure Choupeaux, Dhiaa Meriem Hai, Bernard Goichot, Céline Louapre, Roza Rahli, Nathalie De Castro, Christian Richard, Malikhone Chansombat, Kamil Chitour, Joseph Emmerich, Elodie Drouet, Julien Pottecher, Eric Demonsant, Alexandra Beurton, Raphaël Porcher, Lauren Demerville, Amélie Servettaz, Annabelle Pourbaix, Philippe Manivet, Pierre-Grégoire Guinot, Nicolas Champtiaux, Caroline Pradon, Annick Tibi, Julien Le Marec, Nawal Derridj, Mohamad Zaidan, Eric Marquis, Mickael Henriques, Bruno Mégarbane, Aline Frazier, Ramon Junquera, Diane Le Pluart, Coralie Gernez, Yacine Boudali, Dimitri Fremont, Pierrick Le Borgne, Corinne Pernot, Mélanie Dehais, Claire Madelaine, Dominique Roulot, Georgina Maalouf, Constance Guillaud, Corine Nyanou, Karine Celli Lebras, Sophie Granville, Sabrina Brahmi, Catherine Le Bourlout, Hassan Tarhini, Asmaa Mabrouki, Hakim Tayebi, Sophie Ismael, Jonathan Marey, Sophie Bayer, Gabriel Steg, Antoine Fayol, Catherine Fauvaux, Delphine Feyeux, Côme Bureau, Alexandre Morel, Agathe Bounhiol, Alexandre Buffet, Souad Benarab, Luc Haudebourg, Pierre Le Guen, Damien Vimpere, Xavier Jaïs, Clotilde Le Tiec Le Tiec, Sophie Bulifon, Pélagie Thibaut, Alison Klasen, Claire Pacheco, Anne Godier, Marie Antignac, Domitille Molinari, Philippe Durand, Olivier Lambotte, Paul Henri Grisot, Anne Lise Jegu, Vincent Poindron, Ruxandra Burlacu, Denis Jesuthasan, Sarah Benghanem, Solen Kernéis, Antoine Bachelard, Jacques Duranteau, Karine Lacombe, Olivia Lenoir, Mathilde Vallet, Sara Virolle, Léa Resmini, Liem Binh Luong Nguyen, Marie Matignon, Céline Leplay, and Claire Aguilar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Immunology, Hazard ratio, Absolute risk reduction, Articles, medicine.disease, law.invention, Clinical trial, Pneumonia, Sarilumab, Rheumatology, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Cohort, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Adverse effect, business
Abstract: Summary Background Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia can have increased inflammation and elevated cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, which might be deleterious. Thus, sarilumab, a high-affinity anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, might improve the outcome of patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods We did a multicentric, open-label, Bayesian randomised, adaptive, phase 2/3 clinical trial, nested within the CORIMUNO-19 cohort, to test a superiority hypothesis. Patients 18 years or older hospitalised with COVID-19 in six French centres, requiring at least 3L/min of oxygen but without ventilation assistance and a WHO Clinical Progression Scale [CPS] score of 5 were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via a web-based system, according to a randomisation list stratified on centre and with blocks randomly selected among 2 and 4, to receive usual care plus 400 mg of sarilumab intravenously on day 1 and on day 3 if clinically indicated (sarilumab group) or usual care alone (usual care group). Primary outcomes were the proportion of patients with WHO-CPS scores greater than 5 on the 10-point scale on day 4 and survival without invasive or non-invasive ventilation at day 14. This completed trial is closed to new participants and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT04324073 . Findings 165 patients were recruited from March 27 to April 6, 2020, and 148 patients were randomised (68 patients to the sarilumab group and 80 to the usual care group) and followed up for 90 days. Median age was 61·7 years [IQR 53·0–71·1] in the sarilumab group and 62·8 years [56·0–71·7] in the usual care group. In the sarilumab group 49 (72%) of 68 were men and in the usual care group 59 (78%) of 76 were men. Four patients in the usual care group withdrew consent and were not analysed. 18 (26%) of 68 patients in the sarilumab group had a WHO-CPS score greater than 5 at day 4 versus 20 (26%) of 76 in the usual care group (median posterior absolute risk difference 0·2%; 90% credible interval [CrI] −11·7 to 12·2), with a posterior probability of absolute risk difference greater than 0 of 48·9%. At day 14, 25 (37%) patients in the sarilumab and 26 (34%) patients in the usual care group needed ventilation or died, (median posterior hazard ratio [HR] 1·10; 90% CrI 0·69–1·74) with a posterior probability HR greater than 1 of 37·4%. Serious adverse events occurred in 27 (40%) patients in the sarilumab group and 28 (37%) patients in the usual care group (p=0·73). Interpretation Sarilumab treatment did not improve early outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the effect of sarilumab on long-term survival. Funding Assistance publique—Hopitaux de Paris
Published: 2022
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11. CRF serum levels differentiate PTSD from healthy controls and TBI in military veterans

Author: Carole Siegel, Esther M. Blessing, Meng Li, Duna Abu-Amara, Ludovic Debure, Charles R. Marmar, Eugene M. Laska, Nicholas Milton, Meng Qian, Afia Genfi, Amit Etkin, Jaime Ramos-Cejudo, Jennifer Newman, and Silvia Fossati
Subjects: Psychiatry, endocrine system, business.industry, fungi, Stressor, RC435-571, food and beverages, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, nervous system diseases, Posttraumatic stress, mental disorders, Medicine, business, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Background and Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and frequently debilitating psychiatric condition that can occur in people who have experienced traumatic stressors, such as war, violence, sexual assault and other life‐threatening events. Treatment of PTSD and traumatic brain injury (TBI) in veterans is challenged by diagnostic complexity, partially due to PTSD and TBI symptoms overlap and to the fact that subjective self‐report assessments may be influenced by a patient's willingness to share their traumatic experiences and resulting symptoms. Corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) is one of the main mediators of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA)‐axis responses in stress and anxiety. Methods and Results We analyzed serum CRF levels in 230 participants including heathy controls (64), and individuals with PTSD (53), TBI (70) or PTSD + TBI (43) by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Significantly lower CRF levels were found in both the PTSD and PTSD + TBI groups compared to healthy control (PTSD vs. Controls: P = 0.0014, PTSD + TBI vs. Controls: P = 0.0011) and chronic TBI participants (PTSD vs. TBI: P
Published: 2021
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12. Voice Pathologies Classification Using GMM And SVM Classifiers

Author: Amara Fethi and Fezari Mohamed
Subjects: Engineering, Automatic speaker recognition, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Speech recognition, Statistical pattern, Pattern recognition, Mixture model, Support vector machine, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Polynomial kernel, Modeling and Simulation, Mel-frequency cepstrum, Artificial intelligence, MATLAB, business, computer, Classifier (UML), computer.programming_language
Abstract: In this paper we investigate the proprieties of automatic speaker recognition (ASR) to develop a system for voice pathologies detection, where the model does not correspond to a speaker but it corresponds to group of patients who shares the same diagnostic. One of essential part in this topic is the database (described later), the samples voices (healthy and pathological) are chosen from a German database which contains many diseases, spasmodic dysphonia is proposed for this study. This problematic can be solved by statistical pattern recognition techniques where we have proposed the mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) to be modeled first, with gaussian mixture model (GMM) massively used in ASR then, they are modeled with support vector machine (SVM). The obtained results are compared in order to evaluate the more preferment classifier. The performance of each method is evaluated in a term of the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity. The best performance is obtained with 12 coefficientsMFCC, energy and second derivate along SVM with a polynomial kernel function, the classification rate is 90% for normal class and 93% for pathological class.This work is developed under MATLAB
Published: 2021
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13. Pratiques d'hypnose en rythmologie en France : résultats d'une enquête de pratique

Author: Jérôme Taieb, Eloi Marijon, Walid Amara, Mathieu Steinbach, Stephane Fromentin, Saida Cheggour, Véronique Waisblat, Alexandre Pfeffer, Chloé Aman, Ghassan Moubarak, and Nicolas Reynaud
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Humanities
Abstract: Resume Le but de cette enquete est d’evaluer les pratiques d'hypnose dans les differents centres de rythmologie en France. Pour ce, un questionnaire a ete adresse aux centres de rythmologie en France afin de recueillir les reponses des soignants cardiologues ou non medecins. L'enquete a ete effectuee au cours du mois de juin 2020. Si l'hypnose n'est utilisee de maniere reguliere que dans 7,5 % des centres et que 13 % des personnes ont recu une formation, 75 % sont interesses par avoir une formation. L'enquete pointe des elements d'amelioration du confort du patient au cours des differentes procedures qui sont effectuees au bloc operatoire.
Published: 2021
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14. Uso de terapia antihiperglucemiante con beneficio cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 que requieren hospitalización: un estudio transversal

Author: Marta Ortega Reina, Alejandro Parra Virto, Carlota Argüello, Paula M. Pesqueira Fontán, Guillermo Soria Fernández-Llamazares, José María Calvo Romero, Pilar Alvarez Padin, Pedro Pablo Casado Escribano, Cristina Martín Domínguez, Lucía Mejide Rodríguez, Rosa Fernández-Madera Martínez, Agustín Diego Chacón Moreno, Manuel Lorenzo López Reboiro, Olga Madridano Cobo, C. González-Becerra, Anna Pardo, Covadonga Rodríguez Mangas, Juana Carretero Gómez, A. Zapatero-Gaviria, Anna Arjol, Mar Segarra Soria, Claudia Morán Casta, Cristina Ausín García, Rafael Castillo Rubio, Araceli Menéndez Saldaña, Philip Wikman, Marta Nataya Solís Marquínez, María del Mar Martínez López, Antón Otero Moreiras, Javier Ena, Fernando Javier Sánchez Lora, María Isabel Pérez Soto, Sergio Moragón Ledesma, B. de Escalante Yangüela, Ismael Said Criado, Aychel Elena Roura, Esther Usandizaga de Antonio, Sagrario María Santos Seoane, Diego José García González, Elisa Ruiz Arabí, Francisco Javier Polo Romero, Antonio Zapatero Gaviria, Begoña Cortés Rodríguez, Javier Ena Muñoz, Olga Gavin Blanco, María Luisa Taboada Martínez, Carlos Delgado Verges, Amara González Noya, Silvia Loscos Aranda, Rebeca Fernández Regueiro, Begoña Marí Alfonso, María Paz Vaquero Herrero, Alberto Muela Molinero, Víctor Mato Jimeno, María del Mar García Andreu, María Montserrat Chimeno Viñas, Vanesa Diaz, Rita Godoy, Montserrat García Cors, F.J. Carrasco Sánchez, Paula Dios Díez, María Folgueras, Lourdes Mateos Polo, M. Elena Casuso Sáenz, J.C. Blazquez-Encinar, Francisco Javier Carrasco Sánchez, Joaquín Castro Jiménez, Paloma Agudo, María Mercedes Ferreiro-Mazon Jenaro, María Victoria Villalba García, Begoña de Escalante Yangüela, María Elena Aguirre Alastuey, Pedro Abad Requejo, Joaquín Llorente García, Beatriz Valero Novella, Carlos de Andrés David, M. del Romero-Sánchez, Borja García Tello, Sara Rodríguez Suárez, Víctor Arenas García, Carmen Yllera, Ana Isabel Pujades Tárraga, María del Carmen López Ríos, Francisco Estrada Álvarez, Arturo Muñoz Blanco, Concepción González Becerra, Judit Aranda Lobo, Marta Bacete Cebrián, María Gómez Antúnez, Antonio Rabassa, M.J. Iguzquiza-Pellejero, Víctor Miguel Cánovas García, Luis Ángel Sánchez Muñoz, Ana Isabel Ostos Ruiz, José Nicolás Alcalá Pedrajas, Cristina Helguera Amezua, Angel Jiménez Rodríguez, Julio César Blázquez Encinar, José Manuel Varela Aguilar, Virginia Gracia Lorenzo, María Jesús Igúzquiza Pellejero, Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas, José Luis Cabrerizo García, Inmaculada Mejías Real, Marta Lobo Antuña, Luis Giménez Miranda, Paola Tarabini-Castellani, Cristina Soler i Ferrer, María José Luque Calderón, Rosa María Gámez Mancera, José Luis Beato Pérez, Daniel Toresano López, Amelia García Olid, Sara Fuente Cosío, José Ignacio Ferullo, María Guil García, J. Carretero-Gómez, Mónica Ríos Prego, Cristina Llamazares Mendo, Juan Francisco López Caleya, Cristina Macía Rodríguez, María de los Ángeles Tejero Delgado, and Ornella Flores Lledó
Subjects: Gynecology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, business.industry, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, General Medicine, business
Abstract: Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el uso de la terapia con beneficio cardiovascular en pacientes con DM tipo 2 previo al ingreso en servicios de medicina interna. Metodos Estudio transversal en un dia de los pacientes con DM tipo 2 hospitalizados en servicios de medicina interna. Se recogieron variables demograficas y antropometricas, datos de laboratorio y utilizacion de farmacos antihiperglucemiantes. La variable desenlace fue la proporcion y los determinantes de uso de inhibidores del cotransportador sodio-glucosa 2 (iSGLT2) y de agonistas del receptor del peptido similar al glucagon tipo 1 (AR-GLP1). Resultados Se incluyeron 928 pacientes pertenecientes a 74 hospitales. La edad media fue 78,9 anos (DE: 10,86), un 50% varones. Un total de 557 (60%) presentaba cardiopatia isquemica, 189 (20,4%) enfermedad cerebrovascular, 293 (31,6%) insuficiencia cardiaca, 274 (29,5%) enfermedad renal cronica y 129 (13,9%) enfermedad arterial periferica. Los antihiperglucemiantes utilizados previo al ingreso fueron: sulfonilureas (5.7%), biguanidas (49.1%), inhibidores de la alfa-glucosidasa (0,2%), pioglitazona (0%), iDPP4 (39%), iSGLT2 (5,8%), AR-GLP1 (2,6%) y analogos de insulina basal (24%). La edad mayor de 75 anos fue el factor determinante principal para no utilizar iSGLT2 (OR ajustada 0,28; intervalo de confianza al 95%: 0,10-0,74; p = 0,039) o AR-GLP1 (OR ajustada 0,09; intervalo de confianza al 95%: 0,02-0,46; p = 0,006). Discusion Una gran proporcion de pacientes ancianos con DM tipo 2 de muy alto riesgo cardiovascular no recibe terapia antihiperglucemiante con farmacos de probado beneficio cardiovascular. El tratamiento mas frecuentemente utilizado fue metformina e iDPP4. Existe un margen de mejora en el tratamiento en esta poblacion de muy alto riesgo.
Published: 2021
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15. Télésurveillance des stimulateurs et défibrillateurs cardiaques : état des lieux en France et perspectives après le programme ETAPES

Author: Jérôme Taieb and Walid Amara
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Humanities
Abstract: Resume Le suivi en telecardiologie devient indissociable du suivi d'un defibrillateur cardiaque pour une grande majorite de centres et patients en France. De plus en plus de patients implantes de stimulateurs cardiaques sont egalement suivis en telecardiologie. Cet article traite de l'historique, des recommandations et de la legislation relatifs a la mise en place de la telecardiologie en rythmologie et evoque son evolution possible apres le programme ETAPES
Published: 2021
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16. Pratiques de télésurveillance des stimulateurs et défibrillateurs cardiaques en 2021 en France : résultats d'une enquête nationale

Author: Alexandre Pfeffer, Jérôme Taieb, Nathanel Auquier, A. Milhem, Hugues Bader, D. Mlayeh, Nicolas Reynaud, François Jourda, Pierre Socie, and Walid Amara
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Humanities
Published: 2021
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17. X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency in ~1% of men under 60 years old with life-threatening COVID-19

Author: Asano, Takaki, Boisson, Bertrand, Onodi, Fanny, Matuozzo, Daniela, Moncada-Velez, Marcela, Maglorius Renkilaraj, Majistor Raj Luxman, Zhang, Peng, Meertens, Laurent, Bolze, Alexandre, Materna, Marie, Korniotis, Sarantis, Gervais, Adrian, Talouarn, Estelle, Bigio, Benedetta, Seeleuthner, Yoann, Bilguvar, Kaya, Zhang, Yu, Neehus, Anna-Lena, Ogishi, Masato, Pelham, Simon J., Le Voyer, Tom, Rosain, Jérémie, Philippot, Quentin, Soler-Palacín, Pere, Colobran, Roger, Martin-Nalda, Andrea, Rivière, Jacques G., Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Yacine, Chaïbi, Khalil, Shahrooei, Mohammad, Darazam, Ilad Alavi, Olyaei, Nasrin Alipour, Mansouri, Davood, Hatipoğlu, Nevin, Palabiyik, Figen, Ozcelik, Tayfun, Novelli, Giuseppe, Novelli, Antonio, Casari, Giorgio, Aiuti, Alessandro, Carrera, Paola, Bondesan, Simone, Barzaghi, Federica, Rovere-Querini, Patrizia, Tresoldi, Cristina, Franco, Jose Luis, Rojas, Julian, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Bustos, Ingrid G., Arias, Andres Augusto, Morelle, Guillaume, Kyheng, Christèle, Troya, Jesús, Planas-Serra, Laura, Schlüter, Agatha, Gut, Marta, Pujol, Aurora, Allende, Luis M., Rodriguez-Gallego, Carlos, Flores, Carlos, Cabrera-Marante, Oscar, Pleguezuelo, Daniel E., Pérez de Diego, Rebeca, Keles, Sevgi, Aytekin, Gokhan, Metin Akcan, Ozge, Bryceson, Yenan T., Bergman, Peter, Brodin, Petter, Smole, Daniel, Smith, C. I. Edvard, Norlin, Anna-Carin, Campbell, Tessa M., Covill, Laura E., Hammarström, Lennart, Pan-Hammarström, Qiang, Abolhassani, Hassan, Mane, Shrikant, Marr, Nico, Ata, Manar, Al Ali, Fatima, Khan, Taushif, Spaan, András N., Dalgard, Clifton L., Bonfanti, Paolo, Biondi, Andrea, Tubiana, Sarah, Burdet, Charles, Nussbaum, Robert, Kahn-Kirby, Amanda, Snow, Andrew L., Bustamante, Jacinta, Puel, Anne, Boisson-Dupuis, Stéphanie, Zhang, Shen-Ying, Béziat, Vivien, Lifton, Richard P., Bastard, Paul, Notarangelo, Luigi D., Abel, Laurent, Su, Helen C., Jouanguy, Emmanuelle, Amara, Ali, Soumelis, Vassili, Cobat, Aurélie, Zhang, Qian, Casanova, Jean-Laurent, Al-Muhsen, Saleh, Al-Mulla, Fahd, Anderson, Mark S., Andreakos, Evangelos, Arias, Andrés A., Feldman, Hagit Baris, Belot, Alexandre, Biggs, Catherine M., Bogunovic, Dusan, Bondarenko, Anastasiia, Bousfiha, Ahmed A., Bryceson, Yenan, Bustamante, Carlos D., Butte, Manish J., Chakravorty, Samya, Christodoulou, John, Condino-Neto, Antonio, Constantinescu, Stefan N., Cooper, Megan A., Desai, Murkesh, Drolet, Beth A., El Baghdadi, Jamila, Espinosa-Padilla, Sara, Fellay, Jacques, Franco, José Luis, Froidure, Antoine, Gregersen, Peter K., Haerynck, Filomeen, Hagin, David, Halwani, Rabih, Heath, James R., Henrickson, Sarah E., Hsieh, Elena W.Y., Husebye, Eystein, Imai, Kohsuke, Itan, Yuval, Jarvis, Erich D., Karamitros, Timokratis, Kisand, Kai, Ku, Cheng-Lung, Lau, Yu-Lung, Ling, Yun, Lucas, Carrie L., Maniatis, Tom, Maródi, László, Meyts, Isabelle, Milner, Joshua D., Mironska, Kristina, Mogensen, Trine H., Morio, Tomohiro, Ng, Lisa F.P., O'Farrelly, Cliona, Okada, Satoshi, de Diego, Rebeca Perez, Planas, Anna M., Prando, Carolina, Quintana-Murci, Lluis, Renia, Laurent, Resnick, Igor, Rodríguez-Gallego, Carlos, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Sediva, Anna, Seppänen, Mikko R.J., Shahrooei, Mohammed, Shcherbina, Anna, Slaby, Ondrej, Tancevski, Ivan, Tangye, Stuart G., Abou Tayoun, Ahmad, Ramaswamy, Sathishkumar, Turvey, Stuart E, Uddin, K M Furkan, Uddin, Mohammed J., van de Beek, Diederik, Vinh, Donald C., von Bernuth, Horst, Zatz, Mayana, Zawadzki, Pawel, Foti, Giuseppe, Bellani, Giacomo, Citerio, Giuseppe, Contro, Ernesto, Pesci, Alberto, Valsecchi, Maria Grazia, Cazzaniga, Marina, Abad, Jorge, Accordino, Giulia, Achille, Cristian, Aguilera-Albesa, Sergio, Aguiló-Cucurull, Aina, Özkan, Esra Akyüz, Roblero Albisures, Jonathan Antonio, Aldave, Juan C, Ramos, Miquel Alfonso, Khan, Taj Ali, Aliberti, Anna, Nadji, Seyed Alireza, Alkan, Gulsum, AlKhater, Suzan A., Allardet-Servent, Jerome, Allende, Luis M, Alonso-Arias, Rebeca, Alshahrani, Mohammed S, Alsina, Laia, Alyanakian, Marie-Alexandra, Borrero, Blanca Amador, Amoura, Zahir, Antolí, Arnau, Arrestier, Romain, Aubart, Mélodie, Auguet, Teresa, Avramenko, Iryna, Aytekin, Gökhan, Azot, Axelle, Bahram, Seiamak, Bajolle, Fanny, Baldanti, Fausto, Baldolli, Aurélie, Ballester, Maite, Barrou, Benoit, Barzagh, Federica, Basso, Sabrina, Bayhan, Gulsum Iclal, Bezrodnik, Liliana, Bilbao, Agurtzane, Blanchard-Rohner, Geraldine, Blanco, Ignacio, Blandinières, Adeline, Blázquez-Gamero, Daniel, Bleibtreu, Alexandre, Bloomfield, Marketa, Bolivar-Prados, Mireia, Borghesi, Alessandro, Borie, Raphael, Botdhlo-Nevers, Elisabeth, Bousfiha, Ahmed A, Bousquet, Aurore, Boutolleau, David, Bouvattier, Claire, Boyarchuk, Oksana, Bravais, Juliette, Briones, M. Luisa, Brunner, Marie-Eve, Bruno, Raffaele, Bueno, Maria Rita P, Bukhari, Huda, Cáceres Agra, Juan José, Capra, Ruggero, Carapito, Raphael, Carrabba, Maria, Casasnovas, Carlos, Caseris, Marion, Cassaniti, Irene, Castelle, Martin, Castelli, Francesco, de Vera, Martín Castillo, Castro, Mateus V, Catherinot, Emilie, Celik, Jale Bengi, Ceschi, Alessandro, Chalumeau, Martin, Charbit, Bruno, Cheng, Matthew P., Clavé, Père, Clotet, Bonaventura, Codina, Anna, Cohen, Yves, Comarmond, Cloé, Combes, Alain, Comoli, Patrizia, Corsico, Angelo G, Coşkuner, Taner, Cvetkovski, Aleksandar, Cyrus, Cyril, Dalmau, David, Danion, François, Darley, David Ross, Das, Vincent, Dauby, Nicolas, Dauger, Stéphane, De Munter, Paul, de Pontual, Loic, Dehban, Amin, Delplancq, Geoffroy, Demoule, Alexandre, Desguerre, Isabelle, Di Sabatino, Antonio, Diehl, Jean-Luc, Dobbelaere, Stephanie, Domínguez-Garrido, Elena, Dubost, Clément, Ekwall, Olov, Bozdemir, Şefika Elmas, Elnagdy, Marwa H, Emiroglu, Melike, Endo, Akifumi, Erdeniz, Emine Hafize, Aytekin, Selma Erol, Lasa, Maria Pilar Etxart, Euvrard, Romain, Fabio, Giovanna, Faivre, Laurence, Falck, Antonin, Fartoukh, Muriel, Faure, Morgane, Arquero, Miguel Fernandez, Ferrer, Ricard, Ferreres, Jose, Francois, Bruno, Fumadó, Victoria, Fung, Kitty S C, Fusco, Francesca, Gagro, Alenka, Solis, Blanca Garcia, Gaussem, Pascale, Gayretli, Zeynep, Gil-Herrera, Juana, Gilardin, Laurent, Gatineau, Audrey Giraud, Girona-Alarcón, Mònica, Cifuentes Godínez, Karen Alejandra, Goffard, Jean-Christophe, Gonzales, Nacho, Gonzalez-Granado, Luis I, González-Montelongo, Rafaela, Guerder, Antoine, Gülhan, Belgin, Gumucio, Victor Daniel, Hanitsch, Leif Gunnar, Gunst, Jan, Hadjadj, Jérôme, Hancerli, Selda, Hariyan, Tetyana, Hatipoglu, Nevin, Heppekcan, Deniz, Hernandez-Brito, Elisa, Ho, Po-ki, Holanda-Peña, María Soledad, Horcajada, Juan P, Hraiech, Sami, Humbert, Linda, Hung, Ivan F N, Iglesias, Alejandro D., Íñigo-Campos, Antonio, Jamme, Matthieu, Arranz, María Jesús, Jimeno, Marie-Thérèse, Jordan, Iolanda, Yüksek, Saliha Kanık, Kara, Yalcin Burak, Karahan, Aydın, Karbuz, Adem, Yasar, Kadriye Kart, Kasapcopur, Ozgur, Kashimada, Kenichi, Demirkol, Yasemin Kendir, Kido, Yasutoshi, Kizil, Can, Kılıç, Ahmet Osman, Klocperk, Adam, Koutsoukou, Antonia, Król, Zbigniew J., Ksouri, Hatem, Kuentz, Paul, Kwan, Arthur M C, Kwan, Yat Wah M, Kwok, Janette S Y, Lagier, Jean-Christophe, Lam, David S Y, Lampropoulou, Vicky, Lanternier, Fanny, LAU, Yu-Lung, Le Bourgeois, Fleur, Leo, Yee-Sin, Lopez, Rafael Leon, Leung, Daniel, Levin, Michael, Levy, Michael, Lévy, Romain, Li, Zhi, Lilleri, Daniele, Bolanos Lima, Edson Jose Adrian, Linglart, Agnes, López-Collazo, Eduardo, Lorenzo-Salazar, José M., Louapre, Céline, Lubetzki, Catherine, Lung, Kwok-Cheung, Luyt, Charles-Edouard, Lye, David C, Magnone, Cinthia, Marchioni, Enrico, Marioli, Carola, Marjani, Majid, Marques, Laura, Pereira, Jesus Marquez, Martín-Nalda, Andrea, Pueyo, David Martínez, Martinez-Picado, Javier, Marzana, Iciar, Mata-Martínez, Carmen, Mathian, Alexis, Matos, Larissa RB, Matthews, Gail V, Mayaux, Julien, McLaughlin-Garcia, Raquel, Meersseman, Philippe, Mège, Jean-Louis, Mekontso-Dessap, Armand, Melki, Isabelle, Meloni, Federica, Meritet, Jean-François, Merlani, Paolo, Akcan, Özge Metin, Mezidi, Mehdi, Migeotte, Isabelle, Millereux, Maude, Million, Matthieu, Mirault, Tristan, Mircher, Clotilde, Mirsaeidi, Mehdi, Mizoguchi, Yoko, Modi, Bhavi P, Mojoli, Francesco, Moncomble, Elsa, Melián, Abián Montesdeoca, Martinez, Antonio Morales, Morandeira, Francisco, Morange, Pierre-Emmanuel, Mordacq, Cléemence, Mouly, Stéphane J, Muñoz-Barrera, Adrián, Nafati, Cyril, Nagashima, Shintaro, Nakagama, Yu, Neven, Bénédicte, Neves, João Farela, Ng, Lisa FP, Ng, Yuk-Yung, Nielly, Hubert, Medina, Yeray Novoa, Cuadros, Esmeralda Nuñez, Ocejo-Vinyals, J. Gonzalo, Okamoto, Keisuke, Oualha, Mehdi, Ouedrani, Amani, Özçelik, Tayfun, Ozkaya-Parlakay, Aslinur, Pagani, Michele, Papadaki, Maria, Parizot, Christophe, Parola, Philippe, Pascreau, Tiffany, Paul, Stéphane, Paz-Artal, Estela, Pedraza, Sigifredo, González Pellecer, Nancy Carolina, Pellegrini, Silvia, de Diego, Rebeca Pérez, Pérez-Fernández, Xosé Luis, Philippe, Aurélien, Picod, Adrien, de Chambrun, Marc Pineton, Piralla, Antonio, Ploin, Dominique, Poissy, Julien, Poncelet, Géraldine, Poulakou, Garyphallia, Pouletty, Marie S, Pourshahnazari, Persia, Qiu-Chen, Jia Li, Quentric, Paul, Rambaud, Thomas, Raoult, Didier, Raoult, Violette, Rebillat, Anne-Sophie, Redin, Claire, Resmini, Léa, Ricart, Pilar, Richard, Jean-Christophe, Rigo-Bonnin, Raúl, Rivet, Nadia, Rivière, Jacques G, Rocamora-Blanch, Gemma, Rodero, Mathieu P, Rodrigo, Carlos, Rodriguez, Luis Antonio, Rodriguez-Palmero, Agustí, Romero, Carolina Soledad, Rothenbuhler, Anya, Roux, Damien, Rovina, Nikoletta, Rozenberg, Flore, Ruch, Yvon, Ruiz, Montse, Ruiz del Prado, Maria Yolanda, Ruiz-Rodriguez, Juan Carlos, Sabater-Riera, Joan, Saks, Kai, Salagianni, Maria, Sanchez, Oliver, Sánchez-Montalvá, Adrián, Sánchez-Ramón, Silvia, Schidlowski, Laire, Schluter, Agatha, Schmidt, Julien, Schmidt, Matthieu, Schuetz, Catharina, Schweitzer, Cyril E, Scolari, Francesco, Seijo, Luis, Seminario, Analia Gisela, Sene, Damien, Seng, Piseth, Senoglu, Sevtap, Seppänen, Mikko, Llovich, Alex Serra, Siguret, Virginie, Siouti, Eleni, Smadja, David M, Smith, Nikaia, Sobh, Ali, Solanich, Xavier, Solé-Violán, Jordi, Soler, Catherine, Sözeri, Betül, Stella, Giulia Maria, Stepanovskiy, Yuriy, Stoclin, Annabelle, Taccone, Fabio, Taupin, Jean-Luc, Tavernier, Simon J, Tello, Loreto Vidaur, Terrier, Benjamin, Thiery, Guillaume, Thorball, Christian, Thorn, Karolina, Thumerelle, Caroline, Tipu, Imran, Tolstrup, Martin, Tomasoni, Gabriele, Toubiana, Julie, Alvarez, Josep Trenado, Triantafyllia, Vasiliki, Trouillet-Assant, Sophie, Tsang, Owen T Y, Tserel, Liina, Tso, Eugene Y K, Tucci, Alessandra, Tüter Öz, Şadiye Kübra, Ursini, Matilde Valeria, Utsumi, Takanori, Uzunhan, Yurdagul, Vabres, Pierre, Valencia-Ramos, Juan, Van Den Rym, Ana Maria, Vandernoot, Isabelle, Velez-Santamaria, Valentina, Zuniga Veliz, Silvia Patricia, Vidigal, Mateus C, Viel, Sébastien, Vilain, Cédric, Vilaire-Meunier, Marie E, Villar-García, Judit, Vincent, Audrey, Vogt, Guillaume, Voiriot, Guillaume, Volokha, Alla, Vuotto, Fanny, Wauters, Els, Wauters, Joost, Wu, Alan K L, Wu, Tak-Chiu, Yahşi, Aysun, Yesilbas, Osman, Yildiz, Mehmet, Young, Barnaby E, Yükselmiş, Ufuk, Zecca, Marco, Zuccaro, Valentina, Jens, Van Praet, Lambrecht, Bart N., Eva, Van Braeckel, Cédric, Bosteels, Levi, Hoste, Eric, Hoste, Bauters, Fré, De Clercq, Jozefien, Cathérine, Heijmans, Hans, Slabbynck, Leslie, Naesens, Florkin, Benoit, Boulanger, Cécile, Vanderlinden, Dimitri, Annereau, Jean-Philippe, Briseño-Roa, Luis, Gribouval, Olivier, Pelet, Anna, Andrejak, Claire, Angoulvant, François, Bachelet, Delphine, Bartoli, Marie, Basmaci, Romain, Behilill, Sylvie, Beluze, Marine, Benkerrou, Dehbia, Bhavsar, Krishna, Bouadma, Lila, Bouchez, Sabelline, Bouscambert, Maude, Cervantes-Gonzalez, Minerva, Chair, Anissa, Chirouze, Catherine, Coelho, Alexandra, Couffignal, Camille, Couffin-Cadiergues, Sandrine, d’Ortenzio, Eric, Debray, Marie-Pierre, Deconinck, Lauren, Deplanque, Dominique, Descamps, Diane, Desvallée, Mathilde, Diallo, Alpha, Diouf, Alphonsine, Dorival, Céline, Dubos, François, Duval, Xavier, Elharrar, Brigitte, Eloy, Philippine, Enouf, Vincent, Esperou, Hélène, Esposito-Farese, Marina, Etienne, Manuel, Devouge, Eglantine Ferrand, Gault, Nathalie, Gaymard, Alexandre, Ghosn, Jade, Gigante, Tristan, Gilg, Morgane, Guedj, Jérémie, Hoctin, Alexandre, Hoffmann, Isabelle, Houas, Ikram, Hulot, Jean-Sébastien, Jaafoura, Salma, Kafif, Ouifiya, Kaguelidou, Florentia, Kali, Sabrina, Khalil, Antoine, Khan, Coralie, Laouénan, Cédric, Laribi, Samira, Le, Minh, Le Hingrat, Quentin, Le Mestre, Soizic, Le Nagard, Hervé, Lescure, François-Xavier, Letrou, Sophie, Levy, Yves, Lina, Bruno, Lingas, Guillaume, Lucet, Jean Christophe, Malvy, Denis, Mambert, Marina, Mentré, France, Meziane, Amina, Mouquet, Hugo, Mullaert, Jimmy, Neant, Nadège, Nguyen, Duc, Noret, Marion, Nseir, Saad, Papadopoulos, Aurélie, Paul, Christelle, Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan, Perpoint, Thomas, Petrov-Sanchez, Ventzislava, Peytavin, Gilles, Pham, Huong, Picone, Olivier, Piquard, Valentine, Puéchal, Oriane, Rabaud, Christian, Rosa-Calatrava, Manuel, Rossignol, Bénédicte, Rossignol, Patrick, Roy, Carine, Schneider, Marion, Su, Richa, Tardivon, Coralie, Tellier, Marie-Capucine, Téoulé, François, Terrier, Olivier, Timsit, Jean-François, Tual, Christelle, Van Der Werf, Sylvie, Vanel, Noémie, Veislinger, Aurélie, Visseaux, Benoit, Wiedemann, Aurélie, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Alavoine, Loubna, Behillil, Sylvie, Charpentier, Charlotte, Dechanet, Aline, Ecobichon, Jean-Luc, Frezouls, Wahiba, Houhou, Nadhira, Lehacaut, Jonathan, Lucet, Jean-Christophe, Manchon, Pauline, Nouroudine, Mariama, Quintin, Caroline, Thy, Michael, van der Werf, Sylvie, Vignali, Valérie, Chahine, Abir, Waucquier, Nawal, Migaud, Maria-Claire, Djossou, Félix, Mergeay-Fabre, Mayka, Lucarelli, Aude, Demar, Magalie, Bruneau, Léa, Gérardin, Patrick, Maillot, Adrien, Payet, Christine, Laviolle, Bruno, Laine, Fabrice, Paris, Christophe, Desille-Dugast, Mireille, Fouchard, Julie, Pistone, Thierry, Perreau, Pauline, Gissot, Valérie, Le Goas, Carole, Montagne, Samatha, Richard, Lucie, Bouiller, Kévin, Desmarets, Maxime, Meunier, Alexandre, Lefévre, Benjamin, Jeulin, Hélène, Legrand, Karine, Lomazzi, Sandra, Tardy, Bernard, Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Bertholon, Frédérique, Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth, Kouakam, Christelle, Leturque, Nicolas, Roufai, Layidé, Amat, Karine, Espérou, Hélène, Hendou, Samia, van Agtmael, Michiel, Algera, Anne Geke, Appelman, Brent, van Baarle, Frank, Bax, Diane, Beudel, Martijn, Bogaard, Harm Jan, Bomers, Marije, Bonta, Peter, Bos, Lieuwe, Botta, Michela, de Brabander, Justin, de Bree, Godelieve, de Bruin, Sanne, Buis, David T.P., Bugiani, Marianna, Bulle, Esther, Chouchane, Osoul, Cloherty, Alex, Dijkstra, Mirjam, Dongelmans, Dave A., Dujardin, Romein W.G., Elbers, Paul, Fleuren, Lucas, Geerlings, Suzanne, Geijtenbeek, Theo, Girbes, Armand, Goorhuis, Bram, Grobusch, Martin P., Hafkamp, Florianne, Hagens, Laura, Hamann, Jorg, Harris, Vanessa, Hemke, Robert, Hermans, Sabine M., Heunks, Leo, Hollmann, Markus, Horn, Janneke, Hovius, Joppe W., de Jong, Menno D., Koning, Rutger, Lim, Endry H.T., van Mourik, Niels, Nellen, Jeaninne, Nossent, Esther J., Paulus, Frederique, Peters, Edgar, Pina-Fuentes, Dan A.I., van der Poll, Tom, Preckel, Bennedikt, Prins, Jan M., Raasveld, Jorinde, Reijnders, Tom, de Rotte, Maurits C.F.J., Schinkel, Michiel, Schultz, Marcus J., Schrauwen, Femke A.P., Schuurmans, Alex, Schuurmans, Jaap, Sigaloff, Kim, Slim, Marleen A., Smeele, Patrick, Smit, Marry, Stijnis, Cornelis S., Stilma, Willemke, Teunissen, Charlotte, Thoral, Patrick, Tsonas, Anissa M, Tuinman, Pieter R., van der Valk, Marc, Veelo, Denise, Volleman, Carolien, de Vries, Heder, Vught, Lonneke A., van Vugt, Michèle, Wouters, Dorien, Zwinderman, A. H (Koos), Brouwer, Matthijs C., Wiersinga, W. Joost, Vlaar, Alexander P.J., Tompkins, Miranda F., Alba, Camille, Hupalo, Daniel N., Rosenberger, John, Sukumar, Gauthaman, Wilkerson, Matthew D., Zhang, Xijun, Lack, Justin, Oler, Andrew J., Dobbs, Kerry, Delmonte, Ottavia M., Danielson, Jeffrey J., Bettini, Laura Rachele, D’Angio, Mariella, Beretta, Ilaria, Imberti, Luisa, Sottini, Alessandra, Quaresima, Virginia, Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia, Rossi, Camillo, Children's Hospital, HUS Children and Adolescents, Clinicum, Department of Medicine, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, AII - Infectious diseases, ANS - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Neurology, Infectious diseases, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Global Health, APH - Quality of Care, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Global Health, APH - Methodology, Graduate School, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, Anesthesiology, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Digital Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, ACS - Microcirculation, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases (Necker Branch - INSERM U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Rockefeller University [New York], Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutiques (GenCellDi (UMR_S_944)), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Helix [San Mateo, CA], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Özçelik, Tayfun, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Pathology, Asano, T., Boisson, B., Onodi, F., Matuozzo, D., Moncada-Velez, M., Renkilaraj, M. R. L. M., Zhang, P., Meertens, L., Bolze, A., Materna, M., Korniotis, S., Gervais, A., Talouarn, E., Bigio, B., Seeleuthner, Y., Bilguvar, K., Zhang, Y., Neehus, A. -L., Ogishi, M., Pelham, S. J., Le Voyer, T., Rosain, J., Philippot, Q., Soler-Palacin, P., Colobran, R., Martin-Nalda, A., Riviere, J. G., Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Y., Chaibi, K., Shahrooei, M., Darazam, I. A., Olyaei, N. A., Mansouri, D., Hatipoglu, N., Palabiyik, F., Ozcelik, T., Novelli, G., Novelli, A., Casari, G., Aiuti, A., Carrera, P., Bondesan, S., Barzaghi, F., Rovere-Querini, P., Tresoldi, C., Franco, J. L., Rojas, J., Reyes, L. F., Bustos, I. G., Arias, A. A., Morelle, G., Kyheng, C., Troya, J., Planas-Serra, L., Schluter, A., Gut, M., Pujol, A., Allende, L. M., Rodriguez-Gallego, C., Flores, C., Cabrera-Marante, O., Pleguezuelo, D. E., Diego, R. P. D., Keles, S., Aytekin, G., Akcan, O. M., Bryceson, Y. T., Bergman, P., Brodin, P., Smole, D., Smith, C. I. E., Norlin, A. -C., Campbell, T. M., Covill, L. E., Hammarstrom, L., Pan-Hammarstrom, Q., Abolhassani, H., Mane, S., Marr, N., Ata, M., Ali, F. A., Khan, T., Spaan, A. N., Dalgard, C. L., Bonfanti, P., Biondi, A., Tubiana, S., Burdet, C., Nussbaum, R., Kahn-Kirby, A., Snow, A. L., Bustamante, J., Puel, A., Boisson-Dupuis, S., Zhang, S. -Y., Beziat, V., Lifton, R. P., Bastard, P., Notarangelo, L. D., Abel, L., Su, H. C., Jouanguy, E., Amara, A., Soumelis, V., Cobat, A., Zhang, Q., Casanova, J. -L., Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutiques (GenCellDi (U944 / UMR7212)), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, CHU Amiens-Picardie, French COVID cohort study group, The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, the St. Giles Foundation, the NIH (R01AI088364), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program (UL1TR001866), a Fast Grant from Emergent Ventures, Mercatus Center at the George Mason University, the Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics and the GSP Coordinating Center funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) (UM1HG006504 and U24HG008956), the Fisher Center for Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, the Meyer Foundation, the JPB Foundation, the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the 'Investments for the Future' program (ANR-10-IAHU-01) and the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the French Foundation for Medical Research (FRM) (EQU201903007798), the FRM and ANR GENCOVID project, the ANRS-COV05, ANR GENVIR (ANR-20-CE93-003), and ANR AABIFNCOV (ANR-20-CO11-0001) projects, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement no. 824110 (EASI-genomics), the Square Foundation, Grandir–Fonds de solidarité pour l’enfance, the SCOR Corporate Foundation for Science, Fondation du Souffle, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), REACTing-INSERM, and the University of Paris. The French COVID Cohort study group was sponsored by INSERM and supported by the REACTing consortium and by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (PHRC 20-0424). The Cov-Contact Cohort was supported by the REACTing consortium, the French Ministry of Health, and the European Commission (RECOVER WP 6). The Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (EasiGenomics grant no. 824110 COVID-19/PID12342). A.P., R.P.d.D., C.R.-G., and C.F. were funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_01333 and COV20_01334), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTC-2017-6471-1, AEI/FEDER, UE), Fundación DISA (OA18/017), and Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (CGIEU0000219140 and 'Apuestas científicas del ITER para colaborar en la lucha contra la COVID-19'). The laboratories of G.N. and A.N. were supported by a grant awarded to Regione Lazio (PROGETTI DI GRUPPI DI RICERCA 2020) no. A0375-2020-36663, GecoBiomark. A. Amara’s laboratory was supported by ANR under the 'Investments for the Future' program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the FRM (EQU202003010193), ANR (ANR-20-COVI-000 project IDISCOVR and ANR-20-CO11-0004 project FISHBP), and the University of Paris (Plan de Soutien Covid-19: RACPL20FIR01-COVID-SOUL). This work was supported, in part, by the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH (grants 1ZIAAI001265 to H.C.S. and ZIA AI001270 to L.D.N.). The G.C. laboratory was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (grant COVID-2020-12371617) and the intramural COVID Host Genetics program. The J.L.F. laboratory was supported, in part, by the Coopération Scientifique France-Colciencias (ECOS-Nord/COLCIENCIAS/MEN/ICETEX, 806-2018) and Colciencias contract 713-2016 (no. 111574455633). The V.S. laboratory was supported by ANR DENDRISEPSIS (ANR-17-CE15-0003) and ANR APCOD (ANR-17-CE15-0003-01), a Fast Grant from the Mercatus Center, FRM, University of Paris PLAN D’URGENCE COVID19. The N.M. laboratory was supported by Sidra Medicine (SDR400048) and the Qatar National Research Fund (grant No. NPRP9-251-3-045). A.-L.N. was supported by the Bettencourt Schueller Foundation and the International PhD program of the Imagine Institute. P. Bergman and C.I.E.S received support from the Center for Medical Innovation (CIMED), the Swedish Medical Research Council and the Stockholm County Council (ALF-project). Part of this work was generated within the European Reference Network for rare primary immunodeficiency, autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases (RITA)., Members of French COVID Cohort Study Group: Laurent Abel1, Claire Andrejak2, François Angoulvant3, Delphine Bachelet4, Marie Bartoli5, Romain Basmaci6, Sylvie Behilill7, Marine Beluze8, Dehbia Benkerrou9, Krishna Bhavsar4, Lila Bouadma4, Sabelline Bouchez10, Maude Bouscambert11, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez4, Anissa Chair4, Catherine Chirouze12, Alexandra Coelho13, Camille Couffignal4, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues14, Eric d’Ortenzio5, Marie-Pierre Debray4, Lauren Deconinck4, Dominique Deplanque15, Diane Descamps4, Mathilde Desvallée16, Alpha Diallo5, Alphonsine Diouf13, Céline Dorival9, François Dubos17, Xavier Duval4, Brigitte Elharrar18, Philippine Eloy4, Vincent Enouf7, Hélène Esperou14, Marina Esposito-Farese4, Manuel Etienne19, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge19, Nathalie Gault4, Alexandre Gaymard11, Jade Ghosn4, Tristan Gigante20, Morgane Gilg20, Jérémie Guedj21, Alexandre Hoctin13, Isabelle Hoffmann4, Ikram Houas14, Jean-Sébastien Hulot22, Salma Jaafoura14, Ouifiya Kafif4, Florentia Kaguelidou23, Sabrina Kali4, Antoine Khalil4, Coralie Khan16, Cédric Laouénan4, Samira Laribi4, Minh Le4, Quentin Le Hingrat4, Soizic Le Mestre5, Hervé Le Nagard24, François-Xavier Lescure4, Sophie Letrou4, Yves Levy25, Bruno Lina11, Guillaume Lingas24, Jean Christophe Lucet4, Denis Malvy26, Marina Mambert13, France Mentré4, Amina Meziane9, Hugo Mouquet7, Jimmy Mullaert4, Nadège Neant24, Duc Nguyen26, Marion Noret27, Saad Nseir17, Aurélie Papadopoulos14, Christelle Paul5, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja4, Thomas Perpoint28, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez5, Gilles Peytavin4, Huong Pham4, Olivier Picone6, Valentine Piquard4, Oriane Puéchal29, Christian Rabaud30, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava11, Bénédicte Rossignol20, Patrick Rossignol30, Carine Roy4, Marion Schneider4, Richa Su4, Coralie Tardivon4, Marie-Capucine Tellier4, François Téoulé9, Olivier Terrier11, Jean-François Timsit4, Christelle Tual31, Sarah Tubiana4, Sylvie Van Der Werf7, Noémie Vanel32, Aurélie Veislinger31, Benoit Visseaux4, Aurélie Wiedemann25, Yazdan Yazdanpanah4, ANR-17-CE15-0003,DENDRISEPSIS,Analyse systémique des cellules présentatrices d'antigène dans le sepsis humain(2017), ANR-20-CO11-0001,AABIFNCOV,Bases génétiques et immunologiques des auto-anticorps contre les interférons de type I prédisposant aux formes sévères de COVID-19.(2020), Asano, T, Boisson, B, Onodi, F, Matuozzo, D, Moncada-Velez, M, Maglorius Renkilaraj, M, Zhang, P, Meertens, L, Bolze, A, Materna, M, Korniotis, S, Gervais, A, Talouarn, E, Bigio, B, Seeleuthner, Y, Bilguvar, K, Zhang, Y, Neehus, A, Ogishi, M, Pelham, S, Le Voyer, T, Rosain, J, Philippot, Q, Soler-Palacín, P, Colobran, R, Martin-Nalda, A, Rivière, J, Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Y, Chaïbi, K, Shahrooei, M, Darazam, I, Olyaei, N, Mansouri, D, Hatipoğlu, N, Palabiyik, F, Ozcelik, T, Novelli, G, Novelli, A, Casari, G, Aiuti, A, Carrera, P, Bondesan, S, Barzaghi, F, Rovere-Querini, P, Tresoldi, C, Franco, J, Rojas, J, Reyes, L, Bustos, I, Arias, A, Morelle, G, Christèle, K, Troya, J, Planas-Serra, L, Schlüter, A, Gut, M, Pujol, A, Allende, L, Rodriguez-Gallego, C, Flores, C, Cabrera-Marante, O, Pleguezuelo, D, de Diego, R, Keles, S, Aytekin, G, Akcan, O, Bryceson, Y, Bergman, P, Brodin, P, Smole, D, Smith, C, Norlin, A, Campbell, T, Covill, L, Hammarström, L, Pan-Hammarström, Q, Abolhassani, H, Mane, S, Marr, N, Ata, M, Al Ali, F, Khan, T, Spaan, A, Dalgard, C, Bonfanti, P, Biondi, A, Tubiana, S, Burdet, C, Nussbaum, R, Kahn-Kirby, A, Snow, A, Bustamante, J, Puel, A, Boisson-Dupuis, S, Zhang, S, Béziat, V, Lifton, R, Bastard, P, Notarangelo, L, Abel, L, Su, H, Jouanguy, E, Amara, A, Soumelis, V, Cobat, A, Zhang, Q, and Casanova, J
Subjects: Male, SUBSETS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Penetrance, REDUNDANT, COVID-19 (Malaltia), 0302 clinical medicine, Resposta immunitària, 80 and over, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Young adult, Child, X-linked recessive inheritance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, PYOGENIC BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS, virus diseases, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked, HUMANS, General Medicine, Middle Aged, PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY, 3. Good health, Pedigree, Settore MED/03, Immune System Diseases, Genetic Diseases, Child, Preschool, Cohort, medicine.symptom, SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, Adult, Adolescent, Aged, Alleles, COVID-19, Humans, Infant, Toll-Like Receptor 7, Young Adult, Immunology, Population, Asymptomatic, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, HOST-DEFENSE, Immune response, Allele, Preschool, education, 030304 developmental biology, TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS, business.industry, RECOGNITION, Proteins, X-Linked, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS, business, Proteïnes, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Autosomal inborn errors of type I IFN immunity and autoantibodies against these cytokines underlie at least 10% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases. We report very rare, biochemically deleterious X-linked TLR7 variants in 16 unrelated male individuals aged 7 to 71 years (mean: 36.7 years) from a cohort of 1,202 male patients aged 0.5 to 99 years (mean: 52.9 years) with unexplained critical COVID-19 pneumonia. None of the 331 asymptomatically or mildly infected male individuals aged 1.3 to 102 years (mean: 38.7 years) tested carry such TLR7 variants (p = 3.5 × 10-5). The phenotypes of five hemizygous relatives of index cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 include asymptomatic or mild infection (n=2, 5 and 38 years), or moderate (n=1, 5 years), severe (n=1, 27 years), or critical (n=1, 29 years) pneumonia. Two boys (aged 7 and 12 years) from a cohort of 262 male patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia (mean: 51.0 years) are hemizygous for a deleterious TLR7 variant. The cumulative allele frequency for deleterious TLR7 variants in the male general population is < 6.5x10-4 We also show that blood B cell lines and myeloid cell subsets from the patients do not respond to TLR7 stimulation, a phenotype rescued by wild-type TLR7 The patients' blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce low levels of type I IFNs in response to SARS-CoV-2. Overall, X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency is a highly penetrant genetic etiology of critical COVID-19 pneumonia, in about 1.8% of male patients below the age of 60 years. Human TLR7 and pDCs are essential for protective type I IFN immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory tract. Funding: The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University; the St. Giles Foundation; the NIH (R01AI088364), the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS); NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program (UL1TR001866); a Fast Grant from Emergent Ventures; Mercatus Center at the George Mason University; the Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics and the GSP Coordinating Center funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) (UM1HG006504 and U24HG008956); the Meyer Foundation; the JPB Foundation; the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the “Investments for the Future” program (ANR-10-IAHU-01) and the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID); the French Foundation for Medical Research (FRM) (EQU201903007798); the FRM and ANR GENCOVID project, the ANRS-COV05, ANR GENVIR (ANR-20-CE93-003), and ANR AABIFNCOV (ANR-20-CO11-0001) projects; the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement no. 824110 (EASI-genomics). The French COVID Cohort study group was sponsored by INSERM and supported by the REACTing consortium and by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (PHRC 20-0424). The Cov-Contact Cohort was supported by the REACTing consortium, the French Ministry of Health, and the European Commission (RECOVER WP 6). The Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (EasiGenomics grant no. 824110 COVID-19/PID12342). A.P., R.P.d.D., C.R.-G., and C.F. were funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_01333 and COV20_01334), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTC-2017-6471-1; AEI/FEDER, UE), Fundación DISA (OA18/017), and Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (CGIEU0000219140 and “Apuestas científicas del ITER para colaborar en la lucha contra la COVID-19”). The laboratories of G.N. and A.N. were supported by a grant awarded to Regione Lazio (PROGETTI DI GRUPPI DI RICERCA 2020) no. A0375-2020-36663, GecoBiomark. A. Amara’s laboratory was supported by ANR under the “Investments for the Future” program (ANR-10-IAHU-01), the Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the FRM (EQU202003010193), ANR (ANR-20-COVI-000 project IDISCOVR and ANR-20-CO11-0004 project FISHBP), and the University of Paris (Plan de Soutien Covid-19: RACPL20FIR01-COVID-SOUL). This work was supported, in part, by the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH (grants 1ZIAAI001265 to H.C.S. and ZIA AI001270 to L.D.N.). The G.C. laboratory was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (grant COVID-2020-12371617) and the intramural COVID Host Genetics program. The J.L.F. laboratory was supported, in part, by the Coopération Scientifique France-Colciencias (ECOS-Nord/COLCIENCIAS/MEN/ICETEX; 806-2018) and Colciencias contract 713-2016 (no. 111574455633). The V.S. laboratory was supported by ANR DENDRISEPSIS (ANR-17-CE15-0003) and ANR APCOD (ANR-17-CE15-0003-01), a Fast Grant from the Mercatus Center, FRM, University of Paris PLAN D’URGENCE COVID19. The N.M. laboratory was supported by Sidra Medicine (SDR400048) and the Qatar National Research Fund (grant No. NPRP9-251-3-045)
Published: 2021
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18. Rare genetic variants in interleukin-37 link this anti-inflammatory cytokine to the pathogenesis and treatment of gout

Author: Viola Klück, Leo A. B. Joosten, Alexander Hoischen, Charles A. Dinarello, Nicola Dalbeth, Rosanne C. van Deuren, Tony R. Merriman, T.L.Th.A. Jansen, Matthijs Janssen, Amara Shaukat, Christian Gilissen, Lorenzo Dagna, Peer Arts, Marloes Steehouwer, Lisa K. Stamp, Soohyun Kim, Stefan H. Lelieveld, Maartje C. P. Cleophas, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Philip Riches, Elan Z. Eisenmesser, Tania O Crișan, Jennie Harré Hindmarsh, Mihai G. Netea, Maartje van de Vorst, Giulio Cavalli, Anne-Kathrin Tausche, Kluck, V., Van Deuren, R. C., Cavalli, G., Shaukat, A., Arts, P., Cleophas, M. C., Cri an, T. O., Tausche, A. -K., Riches, P., Dalbeth, N., Stamp, L. K., Hindmarsh, J. H., Jansen, T. L. T. A., Janssen, M., Steehouwer, M., Lelieveld, S., Van De Vorst, M., Gilissen, C., Dagna, L., Van De Veerdonk, F. L., Eisenmesser, E. Z., Kim, S., Merriman, T. R., Hoischen, A., Netea, M. G., Dinarello, C. A., Joosten, L. A. B., Klück, Viola, Van Deuren, Rosanne C, Cavalli, Giulio, Shaukat, Amara, Arts, Peer, and Joosten, Leo AB
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Gout, Neutrophils, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Interleukin-1beta, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Pathogenesis, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, cytokine, Immunology and Allergy, Aged, 80 and over, treatment, biology, Interleukin, Metabolic Disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 6], Middle Aged, Recombinant Proteins, Female, Adult, gene polymorphism, Immunology, In Vitro Techniques, White People, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, gout, Rheumatology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Interleukin 6, Genotyping, Aged, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], Polymorphism, Genetic, Interleukin-6, business.industry, Interleukin-8, Case-control study, medicine.disease, cytokines, Uric Acid, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, inflammation, Case-Control Studies, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, biology.protein, Uric acid, Gene polymorphism, business, Interleukin-1
Abstract: ObjectiveGout is characterised by severe interleukin (IL)-1-mediated joint inflammation induced by monosodium urate crystals. Since IL-37 is a pivotal anti-inflammatory cytokine suppressing the activity of IL-1, we conducted genetic and functional studies aimed at elucidating the role of IL-37 in the pathogenesis and treatment of gout.MethodsVariant identification was performed by DNA sequencing of all coding bases of IL37 using molecular inversion probe-based resequencing (discovery cohort: gout n=675, controls n=520) and TaqMan genotyping (validation cohort: gout n=2202, controls n=2295). Predictive modelling of the effects of rare variants on protein structure was followed by in vitro experiments evaluating the impact on protein function. Treatment with recombinant IL-37 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of gout.ResultsWe identified four rare variants in IL37 in six of the discovery gout patients; p.(A144P), p.(G174Dfs*16), p.(C181*) and p.(N182S), whereas none emerged in healthy controls (Fisher’s exact p-value=0.043). All variants clustered in the functional domain of IL-37 in exon 5 (p-value=5.71×10−5). Predictive modelling and functional studies confirmed loss of anti-inflammatory functions and we substantiated the therapeutic potential of recombinant IL-37 in the treatment of gouty inflammation. Furthermore, the carrier status of p.(N182S)(rs752113534) was associated with increased risk (OR=1.81, p-value=0.031) of developing gout in hyperuricaemic individuals of Polynesian ancestry.ConclusionHere, we provide genetic as well as mechanistic evidence for the role of IL-37 in the pathogenesis of gout, and highlight the therapeutic potential of recombinant IL-37 for the treatment of gouty arthritis.
Published: 2020
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19. Minimal Invasive Technique for The Esthetic Management of Midline Diastema: A Case Report

Author: Ali Barakat, Lingam Amara Swapna, Pradeep Koppolu, and Norah Al Ajaji
Subjects: Orthodontics, business.industry, Medicine, business, Midline diastema
Abstract: It is a case report of a minimally invasive technique for diastema restoration with sectional veneer fabrication. It involves a technically demanding procedure and less time with minimal disruption and stress to soft tissue. The method presented in this case report depicts the closure of anterior spacing by an aesthetic sectional veneer. Successful restoration in present-day dentistry includes minimal biological cost, promising longevity and esthetic integration in addition to traditional criteria. However, several other factors influence patient acceptance, such as the uncomplicated technique, possible intraoral repair, reduced soft tissue trauma, and affordable financial cost. The clinical procedure of sectional veneers, presented in this case, introduces an additional treatment option to produce a minimal invasive diastema restoration in a single appointment, with a reduced number of clinical steps. Keywords: Midline Diastema, Maxillary Anterior Diastema, Minimal Invasion Techniques, Esthetical Management, Partial Veneers
Published: 2021
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20. Clinical Features and Risk Factors for Mortality Among Long-term Care Facility Residents Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 in Spain

Author: Ramos-Rincón, José-Manuel, Bernabeu-Wittel, Máximo, Fiteni-Mera, Isabel, López-Sampalo, Almudena, López-Ríos, Carmen, García-Andreu, María-Del-Mar, Mancebo-Sevilla, Juan-José, Jiménez-Juan, Carlos, Matía-Sanz, Marta, López-Quirantes, Pablo, Rubio-Rivas, Manuel, Paredes-Ruiz, Diana, González-San-Narciso, Candela, González-Vega, Rocío, Sanz-Espinosa, Pablo, Hernández-Milián, Almudena, Gonzalez-Noya, Amara, Gil-Sánchez, Ricardo, Boixeda, Ramon, Alcalá-Pedrajas, José-Nicolás, Palop-Cervera, Marta, Cortés-Rodríguez, Begoña, Guisado-Espartero, María-Esther, Mella-Pérez, Carmen, Gómez-Huelgas, Ricardo, and SEMI-COVID-19 Network
Subjects: Male, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Epidemiology, Nursing homes, Logistic regression, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Mortality, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Mortality rate, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Long-Term Care, Hospitalization, Long-term care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Risk factors, Spain, COVID-19, epidemiology, mortality, nursing homes, risk factors, Female, Functional status, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business
Abstract: Background COVID-19 severely impacted older adults and long-term care facility (LTCF) residents. Our primary aim was to describe differences in clinical and epidemiological variables, in-hospital management, and outcomes between LTCF residents and community-dwelling older adults hospitalized with COVID-19. The secondary aim was to identify risk factors for mortality due to COVID-19 in hospitalized LTCF residents. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis within a retrospective cohort of hospitalized patients ≥75 years with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to 160 Spanish hospitals. Differences between groups and factors associated with mortality among LTCF residents were assessed through comparisons and logistic regression analysis. Results Of 6 189 patients ≥75 years, 1 185 (19.1%) were LTCF residents and 4 548 (73.5%) were community-dwelling. LTCF residents were older (median: 87.4 vs 82.1 years), mostly female (61.6% vs 43.2%), had more severe functional dependence (47.0% vs 7.8%), more comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index: 6 vs 5), had dementia more often (59.1% vs 14.4%), and had shorter duration of symptoms (median: 3 vs 6 days) than community-dwelling patients (all, p < .001). Mortality risk factors in LTCF residents were severe functional dependence (adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–2.83; p = .012), dyspnea (1.66; 1.16–2.39; p = .004), SatO2 < 94% (1.73; 1.27–2.37; p = .001), temperature ≥ 37.8°C (1.62; 1.11–2.38; p = .013); qSOFA index ≥ 2 (1.62; 1.11–2.38; p = .013), bilateral infiltrates (1.98; 1.24–2.98; p < .001), and high C-reactive protein (1.005; 1.003–1.007; p < .001). In-hospital mortality was initially higher among LTCF residents (43.3% vs 39.7%), but lower after adjusting for sex, age, functional dependence, and comorbidities (aOR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.62–0.87; p < .001). Conclusion Basal functional status and COVID-19 severity are risk factors of mortality in LTCF residents. The lower adjusted mortality rate in LTCF residents may be explained by earlier identification, treatment, and hospitalization for COVID-19.
Published: 2021
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21. International Travel for Liver Transplantation: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Impact on the United States Transplant System

Author: Hillary J. Braun, Dominic Amara, Nancy L. Ascher, Amy Shui, Ryutaro Hirose, Francis L. Delmonico, and Peter G. Stock
Subjects: Adult, United Network for Organ Sharing, Transplantation, Waiting Lists, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, media_common.quotation_subject, medicine.medical_treatment, Transplants, Patient survival, Liver transplantation, Tissue Donors, Transplant Recipients, United States, Liver Transplantation, Humans, Medicine, Adult liver, business, Citizenship, Retrospective Studies, media_common, Demography
Abstract: BACKGROUND International travel for transplantation remains a global issue as countries continue to struggle in establishing self-sufficiency. In the United States (US), the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) requires citizenship classification at time of waitlisting to remain transparent and understand to whom our organs are allocated. This study provides an assessment of patients who travel internationally for liver transplantation, and their outcomes, using the current citizenship classification employed by UNOS. METHODS Adult liver UNOS data from 2003-2019 was utilized. Patients were identified as citizens, noncitizen, nonresidents (NCNR), or noncitizen residents (NC-R) according to citizenship status. Descriptive statistics compared demographics among the waitlisted patients and demographics and donor characteristics among transplant recipients. A competing risks model was used to examine waitlist outcomes. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards were used for posttransplant outcomes. RESULTS There were significant demographic differences according to citizenship group among waitlisted (n=125 652) and transplanted (n=71 536) patients. Compared with US citizens, NCNR was associated with a 9% increase in transplant (Subdistribution Hazard Ration (SHR) 1.09, 95% CI 1.00-1.18, p=0.04), and NC-R was associated with a 24% decrease transplant (SHR 0.76, 95% CI 0.72-0.79, p
Published: 2021
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22. Public opinion and practice towards COVID-19 pandemic in Libya

Author: Abdussalam A. M. Amara and Sara A. Almeraash
Subjects: Medicine (General), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, coronavirus, Public administration, Public opinion, practice, R5-920, covid-19, Political science, Pandemic, libyan people, awareness, business
Abstract: Introduction: World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, and like any global health crisis at its beginning, need a commitment to take the necessary precautions due to its spread among people before and during the presence of vaccine or drug. This study aims to assess public opinion and practice of Libyan community in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional online study was conducted among Libyans between Sep. 15th, and Oct. 29th, 2020 using a developed-design questionnaire consisting of 23 questions assessing the aim of the study. 2305, who agreed to participate, was involved in the present study. Results: The response rate of Libyan regions, the west, east, middle and south areas, was 80.0%, 8.7%, 10.0 % and 1.3%, respectively. The majority were female (63.1%), with mostly in the 20-50 years’ age group (86.6%). The high level of education was university graduate (71.3%). The opinion average rate of participants was 33.2 % disagree and 26.4 % strongly disagree towards ban measures issued by authorities. Findings reveal good practice of applying preventive measures (always, an average rate of 35.1%). The relationship between opinion score and the participant’s demographic data show highly significant difference with the educational level (P = 0.002), but no differences found with residence (P = 0.183), with age (P = 0.212), and with gender (P = 0.313). With regard to the practice score, a significant difference was existed with gender (P = 0.029), age (P = 0.000), level of education (P = 0.013) and residence (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Libyan people has an acceptable level of awareness and opinion in applying the necessary precautionary measures towards COVID-19 pandemic, where prevention practices are influenced by level of education, residence, age and gender.
Published: 2021

23. A Rare Case of Micro-Angiopathic Hemolytic Anemia Due to Envenoming by Giant Asian Honey Bee (Apis dorsata)

Author: Samantha Wijesinghe, Rohitha Amara Witharana, Inoka Karunaratne, and A.S. Dissanayake
Subjects: Disseminated intravascular coagulation, Hemolytic anemia, medicine.medical_specialty, Thrombotic microangiopathy, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Acute kidney injury, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, 030229 sport sciences, Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Hemolysis, Schistocyte, 03 medical and health sciences, Sting, 0302 clinical medicine, Emergency Medicine, medicine, business
Abstract: Giant Asian honey bee sting envenoming is a recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in rural Sri Lanka. Mass envenoming causes clinical effects, either as allergic and anaphylactic reactions or bee sting toxin-induced multiorgan damage. We report a patient who had mass envenoming from more than 1000 stingers who subsequently developed hematologic features suggestive of thrombotic microangiopathy-related hemolytic anemia. The transient acute kidney injury and acute hepatic failure seen in the patient were also considered to be secondary to thrombotic microangiopathy. A normal clotting profile and a high proportion of schistocytes in blood film ruled out disseminated intravascular coagulation as the underlying cause of the microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. The normal platelet count raised the possibility of a "partial" thrombotic microangiopathy, as has previously been reported in association with Shiga toxin-related hemolytic uremic syndrome and hump-nosed pit viper envenoming. Venom-induced direct toxicity on red cells was another possible explanation for the hemolysis, but the high proportion of schistocytes made it less likely. The place of therapeutic plasma exchange for venom-associated thrombotic microangiopathy is controversial. The patient recovered with symptomatic treatment and meticulous fluid management, without needing therapeutic plasma exchange as an adjunct treatment.
Published: 2021
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24. Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (Tracheobronchomegaly): Radiological diagnosis

Author: M. Elbiaze, Bouchra Amara, M Rjimati, M.C. Benjelloun, and M. Serraj
Subjects: Tracheobronchomegaly, medicine.medical_specialty, R895-920, Case Report, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, Mounier Kuhn Syndrome, Tracheal dilatation, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Respiratory system, Radiological imaging, business.industry, Main bronchi dilatation, respiratory system, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Chronic cough, Male patient, Radiological weapon, Mounier-Kuhn syndrome, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, Rare disease
Abstract: Mounier Kuhn Syndrome or tracheobronchomegaly is a rare disease, characterized by dilatation of the trachea and the main bronchi. Our study concerns a case of 67-years old male patient, smoker, with a chronic cough. Chest scan was requested; it shows an enlargement of the tracheal clarity and the two main bronchi. Meanwhile, the Functional respiratory exploration was normal. The treatment includes mucolytics and pulmonary physiotherapy. Mounier-Kuhn syndrome is rare and the clinical signs are not specific, the positive diagnosis is purely radiological. The treatment is about to free the airways to prevent infection.
Published: 2021
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25. An Analysis of the Unpredictable Factors Influencing Loan Default in Small Scale Enterprises in the Port Loko Municipality in Sierra Leone using the Fish Bone Diagram

Author: Edmund Benedict Amara
Subjects: Scale (ratio), business.industry, Environmental resource management, Ishikawa diagram, Default, Business, Port (computer networking), Sierra leone
Abstract: The study shows that there are unpredictable factors influencing loan default in small-scale enterprises in Port Loko Municipality. A fishbone diagram which is a cause an effect tool was used to determine these factors. A brainstorming activity was used to get the views of participants with regard to the Research Question. The research question was to respond to a research objective which was “Are there unpredicted factors influencing loan default in small scale enterprises in Port Loko Municipality in Sierra Leone?”. Reviews of necessary literature were done to aid the study. In the review, matters relating to loan default and possible causes were addressed. It is unfolded that there are some loan defaults that are as a result of the borrowers’ lapses and others that are lender-oriented causes. The population size of one hundred and a random sample size of sixty people were used as participants to carry out the brainstorming activity. The population is comprised of small-scale enterprise owners and workers of credit or Microfinance institutions in the Municipality. Brainstorming participants proved that the death of clients or borrowers, internal insecurity, outbreak of diseases (Pandemic), Natural Disasters, and accident all significantly influence loan default of small-scale enterprises.
Published: 2021
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26. A Review of The Unethical Business Practices That Causes Loan Default in Small Scale Enterprises in Port Loko Municipality in Sierra Leone

Author: Edmund Benedict Amara
Subjects: Finance, Scale (ratio), business.industry, Default, Business, Port (computer networking), Sierra leone
Abstract: Small scale enterprises are an income stream for the unemployed and under-employed in Sierra Leone. The financing of such a venture is from the loan capital of Micro Finance Institutions and other credit agencies in the country. Default in the repayment of loan capital within prescribed conditions has been an issue because of the unethical practices of lenders and borrowers and hence concern for studies. The primary objective of the study is to do a review on the unethical business practices that causes loan default in small-scale enterprises in Port Loko municipality in Sierra Leone. Such studies will avail recommendations that shall be instruments to minimize the rate of unethical practices of borrowers and lenders within the Pot Loko Municipality. The Specific objectives of the study are to know the attitudes of Lenders and borrowers that influence loan default. Questionnaires were administered to respond to Researched Questions which were framed from the research objectives. Also, Reviews of others writers were done with regard ethical issues. The researcher Used the Likert Scale in preparing and administering the questionnaire. Opinions of Respondents were analyzed using the Structured Package for Social Sciences. The following analyses were done: i) Percentage Analysis, ii) Analysis of correlation by use of the Pearson Correlation. iii). Analysis of coefficient iv) Analysis of Model summary v) Analysis of Anova. From the study, the Researcher discovered that Unethical business practices like bribe-taking and other dishonest games are predominant between lenders and borrowers, and these practices have greatly influenced loan default in small-scale enterprises in Port |Loko Municipality in Sierra Leone and have a significant relationship on loan default.
Published: 2021
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27. A Study of the Risk Factors Predicting Amputation in Diabetic Foot

Author: G K Prashant and Amara Simha Reddy. T
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Amputation, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, business, medicine.disease, Diabetic foot, Surgery
Abstract: Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are the main cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for major amputation in diabetic foot patients. Materials & Methods: This open, single center, prospective and observational study conducted in Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Science, Karimnagar for a period from Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2020 The patients admitted in General Surgery with diabetic foot problems were selected for the study with proper consent of patients and his/her attendants. Results: In this study Fifty patients were admitted to the diabetic wound in Department of Surgery for foot ulcers between Nov 2018 to Dec 2020. Among the 50 patients, Male: Female ratio was 4.6:1. out of which 41 (82.0%) were male, 18 (36.0%) belonged to the 50 to 59 years age group, 15 (30.0%) were having complaints for Ulcer, 15 (30.0%) were smoker. The Amputation rate was 42.0%. Conclusion: In the results of analysis, poor glycemic control, peripheral arterial disease, peripheral neuropathy and higher Wagner grade are significant risk factors for amputation in diabetic foot infection. Keywords: Diabetic foot, Wagner grading, HbA1c, TLC, Albumin.
Published: 2021
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28. Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Respiratory Failure in a Cohort of Young Patients Requiring Hospital Admission with SARS-CoV2 Infection in Spain: Results of the Multicenter SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Author: Díaz-Simón, Raquel, Lalueza, Antonio, Lora-Tamayo, Jaime, Rubio-Rivas, Manuel, Mendo, Cristina Llamazares, Martínez, María Luisa Taboada, Méndez, Cristina Asencio, Pesqueira Fontán, Paula M, Cruz, Ana Fernández, Cabrera, Juan Luis Romero, Rodríguez, Begoña Cortés, Rubio, Aurora Espinar, de Ávila, Vicente Serrano Romero, García, Gema Maria García, Osorio, Luis Cabeza, González-Fernández, María, Noya, Amara González, Wittel, Máximo Bernabeu, Fernandez, Francisco Arnalich, Sempere, Verónica Martínez, Artero, Arturo, Loureiro-Amigo, Jose, Huelgas, Ricardo Gómez, Santos, Juan Miguel Antón, Lumbreras, Carlos, and SEMI-COVID-19 Network
Subjects: Adult, obesity, medicine.medical_specialty, hyponatremia, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Fraction of inspired oxygen, Internal Medicine, Humans, Medicine, Registries, Risk factor, Original Research, Retrospective Studies, Mechanical ventilation, young, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), respiratory failure, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Hospitals, Respiratory failure, Spain, SARS-CoV2, Cohort, RNA, Viral, Respiratory Insufficiency, business, Nasal cannula, Cohort study
Abstract: Background Age is a risk factor for COVID severity. Most studies performed in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 infection have shown an over-representation of older patients and consequently few have properly defined COVID-19 in younger patients who require hospital admission. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors for the development of respiratory failure among young (18 to 50 years) hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods This retrospective nationwide cohort study included hospitalized patients from 18 to 50 years old with confirmed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and July 2, 2020. All patient data were obtained from the SEMI-COVID Registry. Respiratory failure was defined as the ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) ≤200 mmHg or the need for mechanical ventilation and/or high-flow nasal cannula or the presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Results During the recruitment period, 15,034 patients were included in the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, of whom 2327 (15.4%) were younger than 50 years. Respiratory failure developed in 343 (14.7%), while mortality occurred in 2.3%. Patients with respiratory failure showed a higher incidence of major adverse cardiac events (44 (13%) vs 14 (0.8%), p320 U/I (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.42; p=0.0039), AST >35 mg/dL (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.52; p=0.003), sodium 8 mg/dL (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.72 to 3.41; p
Published: 2021
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29. Validity and reliability of the suggested immobilization test for measurement of restless legs syndrome severity in adults with multiple sclerosis

Author: Morgan L. Schuetz, Amy W. Amara, Brianna G. Mathison, Katie L.J. Cederberg, Robert W. Motl, Arthur S. Walters, and Tiffany J. Braley
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Movement, Validity, macromolecular substances, Article, Direct measure, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Restless Legs Syndrome, Surveys and Questionnaires, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Immobilization test, Restless legs syndrome, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Reproducibility of Results, Construct validity, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Clinical Practice, 030228 respiratory system, Convergent validity, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective/background Adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) often present with conditions that mimic restless legs syndrome (RLS), thereby adding complexity into the assessment of RLS severity. The current gold-standard measures of RLS severity rely on a fixed seven-day time frame, which limits the ability of these measures for studying acute changes in RLS severity. The present study examined if subjective and objective scores from the suggested immobilization test (SIT) provide a valid and reliable acute measure of RLS severity in persons with MS. Patients/methods Participants with MS and RLS (n = 20) and MS without RLS (n = 20) were matched by age, gender, and disability. All participants completed validated questionnaires for RLS severity followed by the SIT, conducted at 18:00 (±15 min) on the same day of the week for two consecutive weeks. Participants wore accelerometer devices for seven nights to capture periodic limb movements (PLMs) during the night. Results Self-reported RLS severity during the SIT had excellent construct validity and convergent validity, but moderate test-retest reliability. Device-measured PLMs, while not themselves a direct measure of RLS severity, were significantly associated with PLMs during the night and had excellent test-retest reliability during the SIT in adults with MS. Conclusions Our results suggest that the SIT represents a valid acute measure for capturing self-reported sensory aspects of RLS severity and should be considered in future research and clinical practice as a standardized acute measure of subjective RLS severity in adults with MS who present with RLS.
Published: 2021
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30. Comparative assessment of fluid intake of sedentary and manual workers in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria

Author: Christian Ejike Onah, Jisieike – Onuigbo Nonyelum, Anugo Ogbuagu, Mary Jane Umeh, Chioma Chetachukwu Ajator, Ahoma Victor Mbanuzuru, CO Ifeadike, Florence Obiageli Emelumadu, C C Ibeh, Obi Darlington, Chijioke Amara Ezenyeaku, and Okonkwo Kenechukwu
Subjects: Fluid intake, Cross-sectional study, Dietary Reference Intake, business.industry, Environmental health, Medicine, business
Abstract: Daily fluid intake in individuals is known to be influenced by several factors such as climatic conditions, physical activities, nature of fluid and its availability, and behavioural responses. The high temperature of the tropics is expected to increase fluid intake, and more so for labor-intensive workers. The fluid intake of sedentary and manual workers in southeast Nigeria was assessed and compared with international benchmarks. A cross sectional study was conducted among 243 subjects from both groups. The subjects were assessed and data on socio-demographic variables, weight, height and 24 hour fluid intake documented. The fluid intake of the manual workers was significantly higher than that of sedentary workers. Higher proportions of manual workers met the fluid recommendations of WHO and the USA IOM for men on moderate activities. However, the manual workers fared poorly on fluid intake when compared with the WHO recommendation for manual workers operating in high temperatures. Though studies in other countries have shown deficiencies in populations meeting international benchmarks for fluid intake, its occurrence in workers operating in high temperatures of the tropics and its possible effects on body performance and health is of great concern and calls for public enlightenment for adequate intake. Key words: Fluid intake, manual workers, sedentary workers, high temperature.
Published: 2021
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31. Securing physical layer using new chaotic parametric maps

Author: Mohamed Fezari, Karima Amara Korba, and Djamel Abed
Subjects: Pixel, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, Chaotic, Encryption, QAM, Transmission (telecommunications), Hardware and Architecture, Media Technology, Entropy (information theory), business, Algorithm, Software, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Parametric statistics
Abstract: In this work, to overcome the flaws of standard chaotic maps we generated two new cascaded structures, 3D Cubic-Sine and 2D Cubic-Cat chaotic parametric maps, based on a new parameter-varied Cubic map that enhance the chaos complexity and therefore offering a high randomness’s level of the chaotic sequences and a huge key space.To provide optimum security for image transmission, we introduce several methods with a new approaches in Stenography and encryption of quadrature amplitude modulation symbols (QAM)based on the new maps, all in a purpose of enhancement physical layer security. Some of the best results obtained are: the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) values of 96.2956 dB, 88.767 dB, 78.1094 dB respectively with the three methods, also the entropy of encrypted image reaching much closely the ideal value, being 8 ≈ 7.9999868, strong resistance against differential attack with Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) of 99.63%, Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) of 33.54% and high speed ciphering based on 3D Cubic-Sine noise encryption time of 0.024s.The experimental results indicate that these new maps outperforms the most competitive recently proposed maps in multimedia cryptosystems.
Published: 2021
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32. Nanobioengineering Approach for Early Detection of <scp>SARS</scp> ‐ <scp>CoV</scp> ‐2

Author: Sidra Rashid, Akhtar Hayat, Mian Hasnain Nawaz, Khalid Mahmood, and Umay Amara
Subjects: Immunodiagnostics, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Early detection, Medicine, business, Virology
Published: 2021
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33. Impact of conspiracy beliefs on Covid-19 fear and health protective behavior: a case of university students

Author: Amara Malik, Khalid Mahmood, and Muhammad Asif Naveed
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 020205 medical informatics, business.industry, Public health, media_common.quotation_subject, Public sector, Health literacy, 02 engineering and technology, Computer-assisted web interviewing, Library and Information Sciences, Public relations, Private sector, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Promotion (rank), Preparedness, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Health education, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Psychology, Information Systems, media_common
Abstract: PurposeThis study investigated the impact of conspiracy beliefs on fear of Covid-19 and health protective behavior of university students in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey using an online questionnaire was conducted at three universities in Punjab (e.g. two public sectors and one private sector) with permission from concerned authorities for data collection. A total of 374 responses were received that were analyzed by applying both descriptive and inferential statistics.FindingsThe results indicated the prevalence of conspiracy beliefs and fear of Covid-19 among university students of two public sector universities and one private sector university. Furthermore, the conspiracy beliefs of university students predicted their fear of Covid-19. However, conspiracy beliefs did not predict the health protective behavior of university students.Research limitations/implicationsThese results had serious implications for public health in Pakistan demonstrating the critical need for health education and promotion as individual preparedness along with system preparedness is essential to combat Covid-19 pandemic and infodemic. These results are useful for policymakers, healthcare professionals, university administration and library staff for making evidence-based decisions toward health education and promotion related to the Covid-19 pandemic.Originality/valueIt is hoped that the present study would make an invaluable contribution to existing research on promotional health in general and the role of conspiracy beliefs in putting public health at risk in particular as limited studies have been published so far.
Published: 2021
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34. Clinical presentation, outcomes and factors associated with mortality: A prospective study from three COVID-19 referral care centres in West Africa

Author: Olivier Marcy, Denis Malvy, Flavien Kaboré, Augustin Augier, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Caroline Martin, Hans-Joerg Lang, Armel Poda, Sani Sayadi, Joseph Donamou, Adama Sanou, Billy Sivahera, Jean-Paul-Yassa Guilavogui, Fodé Bangaly Sako, Eudoxie Koumbem, Eric Arnaud Diendéré, Sylvain Juchet, Marie Jaspard, B. Serra, Moumouni Kinda, Brice Bicaba, Xavier Anglaret, Sakoba Keita, Fodé Amara Traoré, Richard Kojan, Apoline Sondo, Fanny Velardo, Halidou Tinto, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Donka University National Hospital [Guinée], The Alliance for International Medical Action [Dakar, Sénégal] (ONG ALIMA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHUYO), and Université Nazi Boni [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso]
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Referral, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-Cov-2, 030106 microbiology, Disease, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, West africa, Comorbidities, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Burkina Faso, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Mortality, Prospective cohort study, Referral and Consultation, Aged, Sub-Saharan Africa, business.industry, COVID-19, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Death toll, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Presentation (obstetrics), business
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVES: The overall death toll from COVID-19 in Africa is reported to be low but there is little individual-level evidence on the severity of the disease. This study examined the clinical spectrum and outcome of patients monitored in COVID-19 care centres (CCCs) in two West-African countries. METHODS: Burkina Faso and Guinea set up referral CCCs to hospitalise all symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers, regardless of the severity of their symptoms. Data collected from hospitalised patients by November 2020 are presented. RESULT: A total of 1,805 patients (64% men, median age 41 years) were admitted with COVID-19. Symptoms lasted for a median of 7 days (IQR 4-11). During hospitalisation, 443 (25%) had a SpO2 < 94% at least once, 237 (13%) received oxygen and 266 (15%) took corticosteroids. Mortality was 5% overall, and 1%, 5% and 14% in patients aged
Published: 2021
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35. Pulmonary Function and Radiologic Features in Survivors of Critical COVID-19

Author: Victor Daniel Gumucio, Aida Monge, Adrián Ceccato, Maria del Carmen de la Torre, Amara Carratalá, Rosario Amaya Villar, Gonzalo Labarca, Anna Moncusí-Moix, Angel Estella, José Manuel Gómez, José Luis García Garmendia, María Zuil, Juan Lopez Messa, Ana Loza-Vázquez, Judith Marin-Corral, Sally Santisteve, Cristóbal Galbán, Jessica González, Paola Carmona, Jordi Solé-Violán, Pilar Ricart Martí, Carme Barberà, Ferran Barbé, Elena Bustamante-Munguira, Ignacio Martínez Varela, Ferran Roche-Campo, Cristina Carbajales, Jordi Riera, Aaron Blandino Ortiz, Iván Benítez, Arturo Huerta, David de Gonzalo-Calvo, Oscar Peñuelas, Ricard Ferrer, José Garnacho-Montero, Emili Diaz, Jesus F. Bermejo-Martin, Ana Motos, Antoni Torres, Susana Sancho Chinesta, Jesús Caballero, Luis Tamayo Lomas, Guillermo M. Albaiceta, Angel Sánchez-Miralles, Mercedes Catalán-González, Laia Fernandez, Ruth Noemí Jorge García, José Trenado, Nieves Carbonell, Yhivian Peñasco, Amalia Martínez de la Gándara, José Barberán, Rosario Menéndez, Lucía Pinilla, José M. Añón, Clara Gort-Paniello, Fernando Suares Sipmann, Mariana Andrea Novo, Elena Gallego, Gerard Torres, Dario Garcia-Gasulla, Lorenzo Socias, and Juan Carlos Pozo-Laderas
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Mechanical ventilation, medicine.medical_specialty, ARDS, Lung, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, Pulmonary function testing, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, Diffusing capacity, Medicine, Lung volumes, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Prospective cohort study
Abstract: Background More than 20% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 demonstrate ARDS requiring ICU admission. The long-term respiratory sequelae in such patients remain unclear. Research Question What are the major long-term pulmonary sequelae in critical patients who survive COVID-19? Study Design and Methods Consecutive patients with COVID-19 requiring ICU admission were recruited and evaluated 3 months after hospitalization discharge. The follow-up comprised symptom and quality of life, anxiety and depression questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, exercise test (6-min walking test [6MWT]), and chest CT imaging. Results One hundred twenty-five patients admitted to the ICU with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 were recruited between March and June 2020. At the 3-month follow-up, 62 patients were available for pulmonary evaluation. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (46.7%) and cough (34.4%). Eighty-two percent of patients showed a lung diffusing capacity of less than 80%. The median distance in the 6MWT was 400 m (interquartile range, 362-440 m). CT scans showed abnormal results in 70.2% of patients, demonstrating reticular lesions in 49.1% and fibrotic patterns in 21.1%. Patients with more severe alterations on chest CT scan showed worse pulmonary function and presented more degrees of desaturation in the 6MWT. Factors associated with the severity of lung damage on chest CT scan were age and length of invasive mechanical ventilation during the ICU stay. Interpretation Three months after hospital discharge, pulmonary structural abnormalities and functional impairment are highly prevalent in patients with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 who required an ICU stay. Pulmonary evaluation should be considered for all critical COVID-19 survivors 3 months after discharge.
Published: 2021
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36. An Overview of Corporate Governance Practice in Companies Listed on the Libyan Stock Market

Author: Salem Amara
Subjects: Emerging stock markets, business.industry, Corporate governance, corporate governance, Developing country, Accounting, General Medicine, developing countries, Regional economics. Space in economics, Work (electrical), Shareholder, Stock exchange, Order (exchange), HT388, Stock market, oced principles of corporate governance, the libyan stock exchange, business
Abstract: The corporate governance concept has recently become a major issue in the corporate practices of both developed and developing countries alike. Corporate governance is considered to be a tremendously important topic in many countries around the world; specifically within the emerging stock markets in order to protect the minority of shareholders. The aim of this research is to investigate corporate governance practices in companies listed on the Libyan stock exchange. In particular, to investigate whether corporate governance practices in these companies meet international standards of corporate governance and to identify the main obstacles to implementing them. The concept of corporate governance, corporate governance practices in developing countries, the Libyan stock market and OECD principles of corporate governance were discussed. A close-ended questionnaire was the main method for data collection. 100 questionnaires were distributed to the participants of the study, and only 76 questionnaires usable for analysis were received. Several issues related to corporate governance, depending on OCED principles, were investigated. The results revealed that corporate governance practice in the companies under investigation fit with OCED principles of corporate governance in some aspects and do not fit in others. Furthermore, the most important obstacles were perceived impeding corporate governance practice in companies listed in the Libyan stock market are "lack of compliance with the laws governing the work of companies" and "high cost of applying corporate governance rules". (JEL G30) Keywords: Corporate governance, the Libyan stock exchange, developing countries, OCED principles of corporate governance
Published: 2021

37. Aotearoa New Zealand Māori and Pacific Population-amplified Gout Risk Variants: CLNK Is a Separate Risk Gene at the SLC2A9 Locus

Author: Jennie Harré Hindmarsh, Amara Shaukat, Marilyn E. Merriman, Changgui Li, Murray Cadzow, Lisa K. Stamp, Tony R. Merriman, Aichang Ji, Ruth Topless, Matthew J. Bixley, Nicola Dalbeth, Riku Takei, Tanya J Major, and Amanda Phipps-Green
Subjects: Genetics, Whole genome sequencing, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Immunology, Population, Locus (genetics), Minor allele frequency, Rheumatology, biology.protein, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Missense mutation, business, education, Exome, Gene, SLC2A9
Abstract: ObjectiveThe Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) population of Aotearoa New Zealand has a high prevalence of gout. Our aim was to identify potentially functional missense genetic variants in candidate inflammatory genes amplified in frequency that may underlie the increased prevalence of gout in Polynesian populations.MethodsA list of 712 inflammatory disease-related genes was generated. An in silico targeted exome set was extracted from whole genome sequencing data in people with gout of various ancestral groups (Polynesian, European, East Asian; n = 55, 780, 135, respectively) to identify Polynesian-amplified common missense variants (minor allele frequency > 0.05). Candidate functional variants were tested for association with gout by multivariable-adjusted regression analysis in 2528 individuals of Polynesian ancestry.ResultsWe identified 26 variants common in the Polynesian population and uncommon in the European and East Asian populations. Three of the 26 population-amplified variants were nominally associated with the risk of gout (rs1635712 [KIAA0319], ORmeta = 1.28, Pmeta = 0.03; rs16869924 [CLNK], ORmeta = 1.37, Pmeta = 0.002; rs2070025 [fibrinogen A alpha chain (FGA)], ORmeta = 1.34, Pmeta = 0.02). The CLNK variant, within the established SLC2A9 gout locus, was genetically independent of the association signal at SLC2A9.ConclusionWe provide nominal evidence for the existence of population-amplified genetic variants conferring risk of gout in Polynesian populations. Polymorphisms in CLNK have previously been associated with gout in other populations, supporting our evidence for the association of this gene with gout.
Published: 2021
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38. Understanding the Host in the Management of Pneumonia. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report

Author: Rosario Menéndez, Antoni Torres, Raúl Méndez, Isabel Amara-Elori, Samir Gautam, Grant W. Waterer, Michael S. Niederman, Alan H. Cohen, Charles Feldman, Richard G. Wunderink, E. Scott Halstead, Samantha M. Yeligar, Y. Peter Di, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Taylor S. Cohen, Elisabet Caler, Barbara Jones, Kristina Crothers, Shanjana Awasthi, Joseph P. Mizgerd, Nathan C. Dean, Marcos I. Restrepo, Bin Cao, Yuichiro Shindo, Julio Ramirez, Jean Chastre, Carlos M. Luna, Roomi Nusrat, Scott E. Evans, James D. Chalmers, Susanne Herold, and Marie E. Egan
Subjects: Research Report, American Thoracic Society Documents, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Burden of disease, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, business.industry, Host (biology), Critical Illness, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, United States, respiratory tract diseases, Immunocompromised Host, Humans, Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine
Abstract: Pneumonia causes a significant burden of disease worldwide. Although all populations are at risk of pneumonia, those at extremes of age and those with immunosuppressive disorders, underlying respiratory disease, and critical illness are particularly vulnerable. Although clinical practice guidelines addressing the management and treatment of pneumonia exist, few of the supporting studies focus on the crucial contributions of the host in pneumonia pathogenesis and recovery. Such essential considerations include the host risk factors that lead to susceptibility to lung infections; biomarkers reflecting the host response and the means to pursue host-directed pneumonia therapy; systemic effects of pneumonia on the host; and long-term health outcomes after pneumonia. To address these gaps, the Pneumonia Working Group of the Assembly on Pulmonary Infection and Tuberculosis led a workshop held at the American Thoracic Society meeting in May 2018 with overarching objectives to foster attention, stimulate research, and promote funding for short-term and long-term investigations into the host contributions to pneumonia. The workshop involved participants from various disciplines with expertise in lung infection, pneumonia, sepsis, immunocompromised patients, translational biology, data science, genomics, systems biology, and clinical trials. This workshop report summarizes the presentations and discussions and important recommendations for future clinical pneumonia studies. These recommendations include establishing consensus disease and outcome definitions, improved phenotyping, development of clinical study networks, standardized data and biospecimen collection and protocols, and development of innovative trial designs.
Published: 2021
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39. The Importance of Appropriate Dosing of Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Author: Walid Amara, Matthew Fay, and Jan Beyer-Westendorf
Subjects: anticoagulants, Economics and Econometrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Dose, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Mortality rate, Anticoagulant, Forestry, Atrial fibrillation, Review Article, medicine.disease, stroke, Review article, RC666-701, Internal medicine, Materials Chemistry, Media Technology, medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, atrial fibrillation, Dosing, Medical prescription, business, Stroke
Abstract: Preventing thromboembolic events, while minimizing bleeding risks, remains challenging when managing patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Several factors contribute to current dosing patterns of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), including patient characteristics, comorbidities, and physician judgment. Application of NOAC doses inconsistent with the drug labels may cause patients to receive either subtherapeutic (increasing stroke risk) or supratherapeutic (increasing bleeding risk) anticoagulant levels. In clinical practice, under- or over-dosing of NOACs in patients with AF is not uncommon. This analysis of prospective and retrospective registry and database studies on NOAC use in patients with AF (with at least 250 patients in each treatment arm) showed that under-dosing may be associated with reduced effectiveness for stroke prevention, with similar or even increased bleeding than with the standard dose. This may reflect underlying conditions and patient factors that increase bleeding despite NOAC dose reduction. Such factors could drive the observed overuse of reduced NOAC dosages, often making the prescription of reduced-dose NOAC an intentional label deviation. In contrast, over-dosing more likely occurs accidentally; instead of providing benefits, it may be associated with worse safety outcomes than the standard dose, including increased bleeding risk and higher all-cause mortality rates. This review summarizes the main findings on NOAC doses usually prescribed to patients with AF in clinical practice.
Published: 2021
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40. Targetoid clinical morphology as a diagnostic clue of the lichenoid histopathologic subtype of pigmented purpuric dermatosis

Author: Kiran Motaparthi, Amara Ahmed, Anna De Benedetto, and Tyler Werbel
Subjects: Mycosis fungoides, medicine.medical_specialty, pigmented purpuric dermatosis, business.industry, mycosis fungoides, targetoid, lichenoid, Morphology (biology), Dermatology, medicine.disease, FDE, fixed drug eruption, target, RL1-803, PPD, pigmented purpuric dermatosis PPD, Medicine, Case Series, MF, mycosis fungoides, business, Pigmented purpuric dermatosis
Published: 2021

41. Severe acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis with toxic epidermal necrolysis-like desquamation: A case series of 8 patients

Author: Kiran Motaparthi, Simo Huang, BS Amara Ahmed, Jason B. Lee, and Sylvia Hsu
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, TEN - Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Dermatology, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, IL-8, interleukin 8, Desquamation, severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction, toxic epidermal necrolysis, medicine, SJS, AGEP, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, TEN, toxic epidermal necrolysis, business.industry, case series, AGEP, medicine.disease, Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, AGEP - acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, TEN, SCAR, RL1-803, medicine.symptom, business, SCAR, severe cutaneous adverse reaction
Published: 2021

42. Comparative Study Based on De-Occlusion and Reconstruction of Face Images in Degraded Conditions

Author: Anouar Ben Khalifa, Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara, and Laila Ouannes
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, Face (geometry), Occlusion, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: In the recent years, the face recognition task has attracted the attention of researchers due to its efficiency in several domains such as surveillance and access control. Unfortunately, there are multiple challenges that decrease the performance of face recognition. Partial occlusion is the most challenging one since it often causes a great lack of information. The main purpose of this paper is to prove that facial reconstruction improves the results of facial recognition compared to de-occlusion and full-face recognition in the presence of occlusion. Our objective is to achieve occluded-face recognition, de-occluded-face recognition, and reconstructed-face recognition. Regarding face reconstruction, we introduce two different methods based on Laplacian pyramid blending and CycleGANs. In order to validate our work, we perform two different feature extraction techniques: hand-crafted features and learned features exploiting the final layers of a pre-trained deep architecture model. The experimental results on the EURECOM Kinect Face Dataset (EKFD) and the IST-EURECOM Light Field Face Database (IST-EURECOM LFFD) show that the proposed face reconstruction approach, compared with the face de-occlusion and occluded-face recognition ones, clearly improves the face recognition task. Our method boosts the classification performance in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods, achieving 94.66% on EKFD and 72.35% on IST-EURECOM LFFD.
Published: 2021
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43. Determinants of Preeclampsia in a Tertiary Hospital in South East Nigeria

Author: Ifeoma Anne Njelita, Josephat Chukwudi Akabuike Akabuike, Chinyerem Cynthia Nwachukwu, Gabriel Ifeanyi Eyisi, Chijioke Amara Ezenyeaku, and CO Ifeadike
Subjects: Pregnancy, medicine.medical_specialty, Polyhydramnios, Obstetrics, business.industry, Odds ratio, Logistic regression, medicine.disease, Obesity, Preeclampsia, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Family history, business, reproductive and urinary physiology
Abstract: Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related disorder. Symptoms commonly associated with it include elevated blood pressure, protein in the urine and leg swelling. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality especially in limited resource settings. This study was aimed at determining the risk factors for preeclampsia in a tertiary hospital in south east Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study carried out at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University teaching hospital Awka, south east of Nigeria. There were 50 cases with 100 controls. Data was retrieved from hospital case notes of both cases and controls. Tables were used to illustrate the descriptive statistics comparing the cases and controls. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test. To ascertain the determinants of preeclampsia, Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Maternal age less than 30 years, lower educational status, primigravida, previous history of pregnancy induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, maternal obesity, chronic hypertension, diabetes, and family history of preeclampsia were predictive of preeclampsia (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.50, 9.08, 20.25, 76.47, 5.11, 7.53, 2.73, 10.78, and 3.57 respectively). Conclusions: The identified determinants of preeclampsia from this study especially previous history of pregnancy induced hypertension, primigravida, family history of preeclampsia among others should serve as a basis for the screening of antenatal clinic attendees for preeclampsia. This will serve to identify at risk pregnant women, and enhance early diagnosis and intervention to improve feto-maternal outcomes.
Published: 2021
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44. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Masyarakat Comorbid Dan Perekonomian Masyarakat Di Desa Dukuhwaluh, Kecamatan Kembaran, Kabupaten Banyumas

Author: Cinthia Dewi, Amara Auliafani, Bunga Olivia, Anisa Ika Marliana, and Rama Wahyu Prasetyo
Subjects: Congenital diseases, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Social assistance, business.industry, Viral pneumonia, Environmental health, Pandemic, Geography education, Medicine, Disease, business, medicine.disease
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral pneumonia disease that first spread in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. People with comorbid diseases are one of the groups that are very vulnerable to exposure to the virus during the Covid-19 pandemic. Some accompanying diseases include hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart disease. The impact on the economic sector in Indonesia as a result of this pandemic include layoffs, decreased imports, and rising prices (inflation). In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, students of Geography Education of Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto contributed to help ease the economic burden of the people of Dukuhwaluh Village by providing social assistance. The method used in this activity is a questionnaire to find out the comorbid suffered as well as the decline of the respomden economy. Previously, students were assisted by a special team of Dukuhwaluh Village in selecting community data that has comorbid. As many as 30 people who have congenital diseases that are vulnerable to Covid-19. Based on the data obtained, the most common comorbid suffered by the community is hypertension.
Published: 2021
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45. A two-step framework for text line segmentation in historical Arabic and Latin document images

Author: Maroua Mehri, Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara, Rolf Ingold, and Olfa Mechi
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Benchmarking, computer.software_genre, Computer Science Applications, Ancient document, Pattern recognition (psychology), ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Benchmark (computing), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Segmentation, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, Line (text file), Transcription (software), business, computer, Software, Historical document, Natural language processing
Abstract: One of the most important preliminary tasks in a transcription system of historical document images is text line segmentation. Nevertheless, this task remains complex due to the idiosyncrasies of ancient document images. In this article, we present a complete framework for text line segmentation in historical Arabic or Latin document images. A two-step procedure is described. First, a deep fully convolutional networks (FCN) architecture has been applied to extract the main area covering the text core. In order to select the highest performing FCN architecture, a thorough performance benchmarking of the most recent and widely used FCN architectures for segmenting text lines in historical Arabic or Latin document images has been conducted. Then, a post-processing step, which is based on topological structure analysis is introduced to extract complete text lines (including the ascender and descender components). This second step aims at refining the obtained FCN results and at providing sufficient information for text recognition. Our experiments have been carried out using a large number of Arabic and Latin document images collected from the Tunisian national archives as well as other benchmark datasets. Quantitative and qualitative assessments are reported in order to firstly pinpoint the strengths and weaknesses of the different FCN architectures and secondly to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed post-processing method.
Published: 2021
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46. Political connections, political corruption and auditing: a literature review

Author: Imen Khelil, Ines Amara, and Hichem Khlif
Subjects: Auditor's report, 050208 finance, business.industry, Compromise, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Going concern, Accounting, 050201 accounting, Audit, Auditor independence, Politics, Empirical research, 0502 economics and business, Political corruption, Business, Law, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, media_common
Abstract: Purpose Given the interest in better understanding the economic effects of political connections and political corruption on auditor behavior, this paper aims to review empirical studies in the accounting and finance domain dealing with these topics. Design/methodology/approach Keywords used to search for relevant studies include “political connections or political corruption” with “audit fees, audit report lag, audit independence and audit opinion.” This paper consults several editorial sources including Elsevier, Electronic Journals Service Elton B. Stephens Company, Emerald, Springer, Palgrave Macmillan, Sage, Taylor and Francis and Wiley-Blackwell. The search yields 16 published studies since 2006. Findings The review reveals that the majority of studies dealing with the economic effect of political connections are conducted in an Asian setting. Political connections increase the likelihood of receiving a favorable audit opinion and they are associated with higher audit fees longer audit delays. However, they can compromise auditor independence. Studies dealing with the economic consequences of political corruption on auditing are mostly based in the US setting. The findings of the reviewed studies suggest that political corruption is associated with higher audit fees, longer audit delays and increases the likelihood of receiving a going concern audit opinion. Practical implications The synthesis suggests that political connections can adversely (compromise auditor independence) or beneficially (reduce the likelihood of issuing a going concern audit opinion) impact auditor behavior depending on the legal, institutional and cultural characteristics prevailing in a particular setting. Political corruptions increase audit assessed risks leading to a higher probability of issuing a going concern audit opinion and increased audit effort (audit fees and audit delays). It should be noted here that the literature linked to political corruption and auditor behavior is still in its infancy and much remains to be learnt if this stream of research is examined outside the US setting. Originality/value The review discusses the political connections and political corruption literature specifically devoted to auditor behavior. It identifies some limitations of this literature and offers guidance for future research avenues.
Published: 2021
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47. Tracklet style transfer and part-level feature description for person reidentification in a camera network

Author: Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara, Yosra Dorai, Sami Gazzah, and Frédéric Chausse
Subjects: Similarity (geometry), Artificial neural network, business.industry, Computer science, Nearest neighbor search, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Object (computer science), Recurrent neural network, Artificial Intelligence, Robustness (computer science), Feature (computer vision), Pattern recognition (psychology), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer vision, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: Reidentifying multiple objects in a camera network are a difficult problem, especially when determining whether the same object appears in a different place at a different time, captured by another camera. In this paper, we propose a novel tracklet-based approach for reidentifying objects despite the illumination condition differences that occur at various times of day. A similarity search is performed by comparing part-level object feature descriptions. Tracking in each camera is made by a recurrent neural network, and the matching between cameras is done by using a similarity neural network to obtain an output in the form of a similarity score. Our approach consists of two main phases. In the first phase, preprocessing is performed through the transfer of tracklets from several cameras. This process generates more samples from each camera, which is beneficial for training. In the second phase, the object definition is applied, which considers appearance information, temporal information and the similarity calculation, hence making object reidentification easier. We have analyzed the proposed strategy when applied to pedestrian reidentification databases in comparison with state-of-the-art work to prove its robustness.
Published: 2021
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48. Correlation of Oxygenation and Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) Score to Lung Ultrasound Score (LUS) in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

Author: Prabha Prakash, Srikant N, Pratibha Todur, Vedaghosh Amara, and Souvik Chaudhuri
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, ARDS, business.industry, Radiography, Retrospective cohort study, Oxygenation, medicine.disease, Health Professions (miscellaneous), Intensive care unit, respiratory tract diseases, law.invention, Correlation, Basal (phylogenetics), law, Anesthesia, prolonged ICU stay, Medicine, Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) score, oxygenation, LUNG EDEMA, business, Lung Ultrasound Score (LUS), predictor of survival, Research Article
Abstract: Background Lung ultrasound score (LUS) as well as radiographic assessment of lung edema (RALE) score as calculated from chest radiography (CXR) have been applied to assess Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) severity. CXRs, which are frequently performed in ARDS patients, pose a greater risk of radiation exposure to patients and health care staff. Aims and objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate if LUS had a better correlation to oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2) compared with the RALE score in ARDS patients. We also aimed to analyse if there was a correlation between RALE score and LUS. We wanted to determine the LUS and RALE score cut-off, which could predict a prolonged length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (≥10 days) and survival. Methods Thirty-seven patients aged above 18 years with ARDS as per Berlin definition and admitted to the ICU were included in the study. It was a retrospective study done over a period of 11 months. On the day of admission to ICU, the global and basal LUS, global and basal RALE score, and PaO2 /FiO2 were recorded. Outcome and days of ICU stay were noted. Results Global LUS score and PaO2/FiO2 showed the best negative correlation (r = -0.491), which was significant (p = 0.002), followed by global RALE score and PaO2/FiO2 (r = -0.422, p = 0.009). Basal LUS and PaO2/FiO2 also had moderate negative correlation (r = -0.334, p = 0.043) followed by basal RALE score and PaO2/FiO2 (r = -0.34, p = 0.039). Global RALE score and global LUS did not show a significant correlation. Similarly, there was no significant correlation between basal RALE score and basal LUS. Global and basal LUS as well as global and basal RALE score were not beneficial in predicting either a prolonged length of ICU stay or survival as the area under curve was low. Conclusion In ARDS patients, global LUS had the best correlation to oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2), followed by global RALE score. Basal LUS and basal RALE score also had moderate correlation to oxygenation. However, there was no significant correlation between global LUS and global RALE score as well as between basal LUS and basal RALE score. Global and basal LUS as well as global and basal RALE scores were not able to predict a prolonged ICU stay or survival in ARDS patients.
Published: 2021
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49. Genetic and Histopathological Alterations in Caco-2 and HuH-7 Cells Treated with Secondary Metabolites of Marine fungi

Author: Tamer M. M. Abu-Amara, Emadeldin R. Matar, Mohamed E Amer, Mohammed Abu-Elghait, Said E. Desouky, Aly Fahmy Mohamed, Tamer Albasyoni Gomah, Rania Ibrahim Shebl, and Laila E Ei-Moselhy
Subjects: Cell type, biology, business.industry, Cell, Gastroenterology, Secondary metabolite, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Aspergillus fumigatus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Caco-2, Apoptosis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Aspergillus terreus, Cytotoxicity, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: The present work aimed to study the activity of naturally derived fungal secondary metabolites as anticancer agents concerning their cytotoxicity, apoptotic, genetic, and histopathological profile. It was noticed that Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus induced variable toxic potential that was cell type, secondary metabolite type, and concentration dependent. Human colonic adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) showed less sensitivity than hepatocyte-derived cellular carcinoma cells (HuH-7), and in turn, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was variable. Also, the apoptotic potential of Aspergillus species-derived fungal secondary metabolites was proven via detection of up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes. The expression level was cell type dependent. Concurrently, apoptotic profile was accompanied with cellular DNA accumulation at the G2/M phase, as well as an elevation in Pre-G1 phase but not during G0/G1 and S phases. Also, there were characteristic apoptotic features of treated cells presented as abnormal intra-nuclear eosinophilic structures, dead cells with mixed euchromatin and heterochromatin, ruptured cell membranes, apoptotic cells with irregular cellular and nuclear membranes, as well as peripheral chromatin condensation. It can be concluded that Aspergillus secondary metabolites are promising agents that can be used as supplementary agents to the currently applied anti-cancer drug regimen.
Published: 2021
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50. Effect of Delays in Maternal Access to Healthcare on Neonatal Mortality in Sierra Leone: A Social Autopsy Case–Control Study at a Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Site

Author: Kevin R. Clarke, Solomon Samura, Mary Claire Worrell, Lauren Christiansen-Lindquist, David Goodman, Michael R. Kramer, Jessica P. Preslar, Amy Webb-Girard, Amara Jambai, Reinhard Kaiser, Pratima L Raghunathan, Carrie Jo Cain, and Robert F. Breiman
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Neonatal age, Health Services Accessibility, Sierra Leone, Sierra leone, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Cause of Death, Infant Mortality, Health care, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Cause of death, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Public health, Child Health, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Verbal autopsy, Case-Control Studies, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Emergency medicine, Female, Autopsy, business
Abstract: In low-resource settings, a social autopsy tool has been proposed to measure the effect of delays in access to healthcare on deaths, complementing verbal autopsy questionnaires routinely used to determine cause of death. This study estimates the contribution of various delays in maternal healthcare to subsequent neonatal mortality using a social autopsy case–control design. This study was conducted at the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Sierra Leone site (Makeni City and surrounding rural areas). Cases were neonatal deaths in the catchment area, and controls were sex- and area-matched living neonates. Odds ratios for maternal barriers to care and neonatal death were estimated, and stratified models examined this association by neonatal age and medical complications. Of 53 neonatal deaths, 26.4% of mothers experienced at least one delay during pregnancy or delivery compared to 46.9% of mothers of stillbirths and 18.6% of control mothers. The most commonly reported delay among neonatal deaths was receiving care at the facility (18.9%). Experiencing any barrier was weakly associated (OR 1.68, CI 0.77, 3.67) and a delay in receiving care at the facility was strongly associated (OR 19.15, CI 3.90, 94.19) with neonatal death. Delays in healthcare are associated with neonatal death, particularly delays experienced at the healthcare facility. Heterogeneity exists in the prevalence of specific delays, which has implications for local public health policy. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Published: 2021
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