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The access to increasing volumes of scientific and clinical data, particularly with the implementation of electronic health records, has reignited an enthusiasm for artificial intelligence and its application to the health sciences. This interest has reached a crescendo in the past few years with the development of several machine learning and deep learning based medical technologies. The impact to research and clinical practice within gastroenterology and hepatology has already been significant, but the near future promises only further integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning into this field. The concepts underlying artificial intelligence and machine learning initially seem intimidating, but with increasing familiarity they will become essential skills in every clinician's toolkit. In this Review, we provide a guide to the fundamentals of machine learning, a concentrated area of study within artificial intelligence that has been built upon a foundation of classical statistics. The most common machine learning methodologies, including those involving deep learning, are also described.

The goal of research Implementation of Teaching and Learning Strategies in Early Childhood Education is a Government program in an effort to improve the quality of human resources with the development of long-term investment through education activities as early as possible. Fundamentally, the Indonesian government has listed this program, as outlined in the Medium Term Strategic .Related to that, this research is aimed to see how far the effectiveness and efficiency of the process of implementing the activity specifically in the area of study. As an effort to improve the implementation of the form of activities of Early Childhood Education Implementation, the implementation process is carried out in order to obtain information as big as possible and high relevance, thus forming a focused discussion and sharpen the discussion undertaken. The problem of implementation of the strategy that runs systematically and projected is measured on the basis of the process of implementation and scope of activities in the implementation.

The paper justifies the possibility of estimating wage premiums that higher study education graduates may receive based on the administrative data from the Polish Graduate Tracking System. The data on wages in the year preceding the admission to a given study cycle were used, along with the data from the year after graduation. For the first first-cycle full full-time study programme, the average growth in wages in relation to every each subsequent year of education ranged from 20% to 40% depending on the area of study under which a given field of study was classified. For full-time second second-cycle studies, the rate of return was 50%–60%. In the case of part-time studies, these growth rates were considerably lower.

This is a reflexive account of carrying out ‘dirty research’ on cis women’s experiences of working as erotic dancers while at university in the UK. Focusing on the recruitment process, I discuss how universities avoided becoming ‘subjects’ of research by blocking the study and labelling it ‘extremely sensitive’ or ‘inappropriate’. By scrutinising the fieldwork, this revealed the prevalence of whorephobia within Higher Education and the general, rather than idiosyncratic, prioritisation of institutional reputation management at the expense of silencing marginalised voices and experiences. This article adds to scholarship problematising the taken-for-granted, subjective power wielded by research ethics committees which has the potential to curtail academic freedom and the advancement of knowledge and debate within specific fields. By restricting access to potential participants and through delay tactics, this hindered my ability to carry out the initial research design, shaping the type of data gathered and the knowledge I was able to contribute to this already under-researched area of study.

The basis of the idea that originates the existence of architectural spaces underlies a function or to meet the needs and requests of the user. These functions emerged ontologically from basic needs and then diversified. However, thinking function has not been evaluated within these basic needs. Although there is no specialized area of study for spaces devoted to thinking within the architecture and interior design discipline, the main aim of this study is to investigate the historical existence and to determine their basic features of thinking spaces. In this context, the study first makes a conceptual analysis of thinking in space and specialized places or thought. In the second part, the thinking-based spaces in Eastern civilization and the buildings realized by the reflections of similar cultures are focused. After these investigations, Çilehane buildings and their interiors, which are special structures, used for thinking within several belief systems seen in Anatolia are examined. In the field study, the aim is to define the architectural and spatial characteristics of Çilehanes. The thought process intrinsically is associated with solitude and serenity and thus requires isolated environments. The study tries to reread the definitions made in the existing literature about the thinking spaces through the architectural and spatial formations of Çilehanes. The 10 cases of Çilehanes belonging to various belief systems in Anatolia form the context of the study. The cases are examined by a formal analysis method through four criteria: the building mass, facade organization, the openness-closeness character of interiors, and interior features. The result of the research shows that the examined Çilehanes have universal characteristics for the thinking function. The main characteristics of the buildings and the interior spaces such as being far from the society and the city, located in forests, waterfront or mountainous areas, having single volume, and minimum equipment correspond to the significant principles of thinking places., Keywords: Anatolia, architecture, Çilehane, space, thinking.

Context The Canadian reality of dementia care may be complicated by the cultural diversity of patients and their informal caregivers. Objectives To what extent do needs differ between Canadian- and foreign-born patients and caregivers? What are their experiences with the illness in primary care case management? Methods Mixed methods, sequential explanatory design (a cross-sectional study, followed by a qualitative descriptive study), involving 15 pairs of patients and caregivers. Results Foreign-born patients had more needs compared to their Canadian-born counterparts. Foreign-born caregivers reported more stress, more problems, and increased need for services. However, the reported experiences of Canadian- vs. foreign-born individuals were similar. Conclusion The results remain hypothesis-generating. The present pilot illustrated the suitability of mixed methods to this area of study, which deserves further investigation to better serve all mem­bers of a population already vulnerable by age and disease.

PurposeEntrepreneurship requires the attitudes and capabilities needed to begin new and innovative projects able to create positive impacts in the economy of a society. Given that it forms the basis from which new companies, products and innovations emerge, it is a very relevant term in business. With the aim of strengthening these capabilities, many universities are incorporating new educational strategies into their curricula to boost entrepreneurial intention and business skills among their students. This study aims to determine the factors that intervene in the entrepreneurial spirit of students in Spanish universities by examining areas of study, different personal and contextual characteristics, and the type of training students receive in entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachData collected from 33,182 students in 77 Spanish universities in the 2018 edition of the Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey (GUESSS) is examined in an exhaustive univariate and bivariate descriptive and inferential analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between the entrepreneurial index and the different explicative variables is modelled, and a basic random effect for the area of study is introduced to detect differences at this level.FindingsEconomics, engineering and health sciences presented higher than average entrepreneurial indices. Regarding the type of training, only voluntary education in entrepreneurship influenced entrepreneurial spirit, albeit not equally in all areas of study.Originality/valueThis study’s results can help universities to incorporate new educational strategies into their curricula to boost entrepreneurial intention and business skills among students by focusing resources where they are most efficient.

In the digital era, online channels have become an inevitable part of healthcare services making healthcare/health-product e-commerce an important area of study. However, the reflections of customer-satisfaction and their difference in various subgroups of this industry is still unexplored. Additionally, extant literature has majorly focused on consumer surveys for customer-satisfaction research ignoring the huge data available online. The current study fills these gaps. With 186,057 reviews on 619 e-commerce firms from 29 subcategories of healthcare/health-product industry posted in a review-website between 2008 and 2018, we used text-mining, machine-learning and econometric techniques to find which core and augmented service aspects and which emotions are more important in which service contexts in terms of reflecting and predicting customer satisfaction. Our study contributes towards the healthcare/health-product marketing and services literature in suggesting an automated and machine-learning-based methodology for insight generation. It also helps healthcare/health-product e-commerce managers in better e-commerce service design and delivery.

Background Multiple-partner fertility is a relatively new area of study, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study focused on identifying determinants of multiple partner fertility among males in Uganda. Method The assessment was carried out using a logistic regression model and secondary data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. Results Among the males, 42% had children with multiple partners. Older age, being Muslim, and being divorced or separated increased the likelihood of multiple partner fertility whereas residing in the Western region, reporting an age at first sex above 19 years and being married or cohabiting reduced the likelihood. Increase in number of wives or partners and lifetime sex partners resulted into a higher likelihood of multiple partner fertility. Conclusion There is need to come up with policies and programs aimed at increasing the age at first sex so as to reduce the likelihood of multiple partner fertility among males in Uganda. Government and other stakeholders such as cultural and religious institutions should sensitize and educate the masses on the negative outcomes of having children with multiple partners and promote fidelity for those in marriage. There is also need to increase modern contraceptive use and coverage.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the topic “impact of digital marketing” over the span of past eight years, published in various prominent research journals in the past eight years. The purpose of this paper is to act as a starting point for several further researches in this area of study, and also to get the overview of the research that has happened and understand the relevant research gaps that exist in the area of digital marketing. Design/methodology/approach Scopus database is used to search the research publications on the selected topic. The papers selected for this paper have been published in the past eight years (2012–2020). Findings It has been concluded by many of the research papers reviewed that “Digital Marketing Efforts” influence the purchase intention of the customer. It can be also inferred that the distinction between the “marketing” and “digital marketing” is soon fading as every type of marketing effort will have an element of “digital marketing” in it. Research limitations/implications The approach to the review is theoretical and no primary data have been collected. This bibliometric review is expected to provide overview of the research that has happened over the span of past eight years in the area of digital marketing. Practical implications Many of the papers have expressed the limitations and opportunities for the future research. Few of the prominent and relevant research gaps are listed in this paper. This paper is expected to lay a foundation for several further studies in this area of study. Originality/value The paper is original in terms of reviewing the literature published on the topic, “impact of digital marketing”, between years 2012 to 2020. As the world has been forced to go digital due to COVID-19 outbreak, it has become all the more significant to take an account of developments in the field of “digital marketing”.

In this article we will introduce human factors, a human factors approach and patient safety in cardiac surgery. Key concepts, important terms and their application to clinical practice, with specific reference to cardiac surgery, will be discussed. Human factors and ergonomics is a broad subject area and in-depth analysis of this area of study is beyond the scope of this review. Our aim is to highlight key research, areas within which to develop your own practice in relation to human factors in surgery, and useful resources.

Maternal healthcare behaviour is a complex behavioural phenomenon. Studies refer to maternal healthcare behaviour as a determinant of individual, household and social factors such as accessibility, affordability and awareness regarding health care. Using the Pakistan Demographic and Household Survey, 2012-13, the study aims to identify the socio-economic determinants of maternal healthcare behaviour of women in Pakistan. Women’s health is a neglected area of study in Pakistan; particularly at household level thus this study will provide an insight into this sensitive area. Empirical estimation is carried out through simple econometric procedure. The econometric specifications followed in the study identify the potential variables that could influence pre and postnatal healthcare behaviour of women in Pakistan. The estimates of this analysis depict that mother’s predisposing factors such as educational level, previous fetal loss experience; spousal educational attainment and economic status are important determinants of maternal health behaviour (MHB) in Pakistan.

FREE ACCESS: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0377919X.2020.1855933 For the last decade of his life, the Palestinian intellectual, author, and editor Ghassan Kanafani (d. 1972) was deeply immersed in theorizing, lecturing, and publishing on Palestinian resistance literature from Beirut. A refugee of the 1948 war, Kanafani presented his theory of resistance literature and the notion of “cultural siege” at the March 1967 Beirut conference of the Soviet-funded Afro-Asian Writers Association (AAWA). Articulated in resistance to Zionist propaganda literature and in solidarity with Marxist-Leninist revolutionary struggles in the Third World, Kanafani was inspired by Maxim Gorky, William Faulkner, and Mao Zedong alike. In books, essays, and lectures, Kanafani argued that Zionist propaganda literature served as a “weapon” in the war against Palestine, returning repeatedly to Arthur Koestler’s 1946 Thieves in the Night. Better known for his critique of Stalinism in Darkness at Noon (1940), Koestler was also actively involved in waging cultural Cold War, writing the United States Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) Congress for Cultural Freedom 1950 manifesto and helping the organization infiltrate Afro-Asian writing in the wake of Bandung. Kanafani’s 1960s theory of resistance literature thus responded at once to the psychological dislocation of Zionist propaganda fiction and the cultural infiltration of Arabic literature in the Cold War.

Curriculum planning and subsequent process of course design and implementation are so important in educational programmes that we simply cannot ignore them. Curriculum is essentially a series of activities and learning outcome goals pertaining to each subject. The main purposes of curriculum development are to improve student learning experiences and enhance outcomes by facilitating quality teaching, identifying a suitable syllabus, and assessing learning outcomes. However, educational programmes fail to yield the results of the programmes due to insufficient attention paid to curriculum. Perhaps, the most salient reason for this is the synonymous identification of the terms, curriculum and syllabus. While curriculum is a comprehensive area of study which needs identification of significant disciplines, syllabus could be a factor within the curriculum framework. Literature has proved that possible frameworks or models of curriculum could bring about enormous results. The paper presents a viable curriculum framework mostly suitable for university and the higher education sector with significant areas such as planning, and interrelationships of teaching, learning, assessment, and syllabus. The paper has highlighted the important areas pertaining to curriculum in its framework as a model for curriculum which is useful for development, implementation, revision, and evaluation.

PurposeAlthough leadership succession is a popular area of study across different professional sports leagues, existing research has largely ignored South America despite Brazilian football seeming to surpass the limits of coaching turnovers in comparison to any other league worldwide.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines the causes and consequences of 594 head coach turnovers in the Brasileirão from 2003 to 2018. A comprehensive longitudinal dataset was compiled (n = 13,012) and a series of regression analysis evaluated the determinants of coaching replacements as well as their effect on team performance.FindingsStatistical results revealed that coaching survival is significantly determined by a negative spell of three to four games, parallel competitions and performance expectations with three games in advance. Regarding performance outcomes, it takes seven games for a slight sign of improvement to be identified after a coach turnover, but no clear positive effects are recognized as an aftermath, supporting the ritual scapegoating theory.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that decision makers should consider the importance of a rational evaluation and the crucial component of time instead of judging coaches based on subjectivity and immediate results. Meanwhile, coaches should avoid voluntary turnovers, exercising priorities ahead of continental cups and sequences with few points accumulated.Originality/valueThis investigation discloses a valuable reference for coaches, sport managers and academic scholars interested in Brazilian football, as it extends knowledge development and theoretical understanding for a region that still lacks scientific evidence to back up its practical assumptions in sports.

PurposeThis study aims to explore the perceptions and expectations of the undergraduate students toward the teaching-research-practice nexus (TRPN) and propose a framework for the integration of nexus components at each undergraduate level. It also intends to identify whether students' views differ depending on their specialization, year of study, academic performance and gender.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative analysis was employed to evaluate the views of 460 undergraduate students from faculties of education in the Southeast Anatolia region of Turkey. The data were collected through the survey with a five-point Likert scale. A t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for the analysis of data.FindingsSignificant differences in the perceptions and expectations of the undergraduate students in relation to the TRPN suggest a gap in their satisfaction with the present teaching approach. The factors influencing students' perceptions include specialization, year of study and academic performance. Student expectations of the TRPN are affected by their specialization and GPA. The influence of gender was not confirmed.Research limitations/implicationsThe lack of previous research on the TRPN creates a need for further development in this area of study. The sample limited to education faculty in one region precludes generalization of the findings beyond the study setting.Practical implicationsThe present study provides preliminary information for education faculties on how to meet students' learning expectations through proportional integration of the TRPN components into the undergraduate curriculum.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the ongoing debate and scarce literature on the TRPN at the undergraduate level and proposes an original framework for linking teaching, research, and practice.

Reflection, reflective thinking and reflexivity have received significant attention in the scholarly literature on higher education yet there is limited research that explores these concepts in relation to international students. This paper consequently explores what reflection and reflective thinking might look and feel like for international students. We theorizethe importance of supporting international students in becoming reflexive practitioners in their chosen area of study; particularly in respect to graduate attributes including reflection and employability. The paper attends to this theorizationby sharing Rodgers’ (2002) four functions of reflection, a reflective thinking model –the 4Rs –as well as Archer’s (2000, 2012) notion of reflexivity. Weexplore how higher educators might consider these frameworks comprehensively when working with international students particularly in the area of workplace experience.

This article deliberates about the importance of polymer-based bioadhesive biomaterials’ medical application in healthcare and in redefining healthcare management. Nowadays, the application of bioadhesion in the health sector is one of the great interests for various researchers, due to recent advances in their formulation development. Actually, this area of study is considered as an active multidisciplinary research approach, where engineers, scientists (including chemists, physicists, biologists, and medical experts), material producers and manufacturers combine their knowledge in order to provide better healthcare. Moreover, while discussing the implications of value-based healthcare, it is necessary to mention that health comprises three main domains, namely, physical, mental, and social health, which not only prioritize the quality healthcare, but also enable us to measure the outcomes of medical interventions. In addition, this conceptual article provides an understanding of the consequences of the natural or synthetic polymer-based bioadhesion of biomaterials, and its significance for redefining healthcare management as a novel approach. Furthermore, the research assumptions highlight that the quality healthcare concept has recently become a burning topic, wherein healthcare service providers, private research institutes, government authorities, public service boards, associations and academics have taken the initiative to restructure the healthcare system to create value for patients and increase their satisfaction, and lead ultimately to a healthier society.

This paper examines the call for transformative leadership in the 21st century. It explores recent published articles on the subject matter in order to establish the expectations of a transformative leader. The turn of the century heralded a call for the adoption of a transformative agenda on the African continent. Nonetheless, the turbulent political, dynamic economic shifts and disruptive global events, such as posed by COVID-19, call for a new form of leadership to tackle these unconventional challenges. As an emerging area of study, transformative leadership is described and interpreted differently by leaders all over the world. This author reviews articles published in 2010 and later, to collate current perspectives and theory to equip leaders with a one stop reference document on the subject matter. The author answers the all-important question of, what do transformative leaders do? According to this study, transformative leaders are expected to do four important things namely; renew institutional vision and performance, advocate for ethical social advancement, empower individuals to make meaningful contribution to corporate goals, and sacrificially commit to realize the interests of those they serve. The paper equips policy makers, institutional leaders and business managers with insights on transformative leadership ethos and its potency to secure the benefits of ethical transformation for the well-being of wider society. Key words: Transformative leadership, 21st Century leadership, transformative leaders, leadership styles, leadership ethos.

This study aimed to critically examine the power sources and influences of school principals in secondary schools of Eastern Ethiopia. A descriptive survey research design was employed to carry out the study. The participants of the study were 145 teachers, 78 principals, and 41 supervisors who were selected by using stratified and random sampling techniques. The researcher adopted descriptive and inferential statistics to make sound interpretations of data. The results revealed that school principals were mostly used expert, legitimate, and reward sources of power. Likewise, school principals have predominantly exercised a positional basis of power rather than personal power. There was a significant statistical difference in power sources of school principals regarding positions, gender, and service years. The findings also showed that school principals dominantly practiced proactive influencing tactics. Moreover, findings indicated that subordinates carried out school principals' compliance to obtain a prize or avoid punishment by applied reactive influence tactics. The study further discovered that subordinates were inclined to resist school principals' influence. This study suggests secondary principals should rethink how power is managed and deployed to make sound influence over subordinates to assure quality education. Hence, the results of the study may serve as a springboard to improve secondary school leadership and equip novice teachers to bring them a principalship position. Plus, this study may provide a clear picture for policymakers, scholars, and government officials to support and retain principals for long-term school improvement, and it may also a theoretical benefit for future research on the area of study. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.10.7

The article analyses the current prospects for the use of Internet technologies in the area of study ‘Choreography and Dance’ in the field of higher education and professional e-Learning. The work ...

Research on the internal anchorage of a brand constitutes an important building block of the brand management discipline. Considering this, the increasing importance of a positive overall brand experience along all brand touch points has resulted in a parallel increase in the importance of how employees can live the brand. Corporate influencers, an area of study that is to date underresearched, could be a vehicle to authentically bring a brand’s identity closer not only to customers but also to employees. Therefore, our research focuses on the question of how a corporate influencer expresses the positioning of a corporate brand to internal audiences. To gain a deeper understanding of the instruments and tactics of an impactful corporate influencer, we chose an in-depth case study approach. We selected Pawel Dillinger, an informal corporate influencer of the German telecommunication brand Deutsche Telekom, and deeply analyzed his use of an internal social media platform to promote the corporate brand. Our research presents content categories and communication styles, underpins the role of authenticity in internal brand management, and illustrates how a brand ambassador contributes to the enacting of the values of a corporate brand. We do so by offering seven propositions characterizing the communication habits of a corporate influencer.

PurposeUnderstanding leadership in newly created online social spaces, such Facebook communities, is an important new area of study within leadership research. This study explores an existing leadership model in offline environments by analyzing leadership strategies used by Facebook community leaders.Design/methodology/approachBy using both quantitative and qualitative methods, data were collected through a survey from 94 Facebook community leaders about their leadership strategies.FindingsFindings show that the framework of leadership behavior in offline groups can also be observed in Facebook communities. The content analysis of the open-ended questions reveals new categories reflecting unique leadership strategies in online environments. Leaders that participated in the study focused on strategies of content and team management, provided their groups with relevant content and personal stories to engage their members and strived to lead both offline and online-related social spaces to build a sense of community.Originality/valueThe growing number of Facebook community leaders and their key role in social media communities raise new questions about their position in light of what is already known about traditional leadership. Since social media occupies a central place in almost every aspect in everyday life, understanding the way that leaders manage these online communities is ever more important, and it can lead to an advancement in online communications.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at:https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-01-2020-0034.

The training of motor vehicle mechanics is not only expertise demanding, but also requires a lot of facilities which has to be effectively utilized for the realization of instructional objectives. The objectives of the study were (1) to ascertain the availability of instructional facilities; and (2) to find out the extent of the usage of the instructional facilities in implementing the contents of the MVMWC. The population of the study was 465; consisting of 418 male and 38 female MVMW National Technical Certificate (NTC) III graduating students for the 2017/2018 session, in the 22 accredited technical colleges in the North-Central States of Nigeria, and 9 MVMW graduates of technical colleges in the area of study who were operating functional workshops. The study adopted a Multi-stage Sampling Technique to select a sample size of 189 which comprised 165 male and 15 female MVMW NTC III graduating students and 9 MVMW graduates of technical colleges from the area of the study. A questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were used as instruments for data collection. The research questions were analyzed using mean, frequency count, and percentages. The findings of this study revealed: lack of basic instructional facilities for effective implementation of the MVMWC in technical colleges in the North Central States of Nigeria; and a low extent of utilization of the very few instructional facilities available.

This study provides an in-depth assessment of the cultural challenges eLearners from the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) countries face when enrolled in Western higher education institutions. The study adopts an analytical approach by identifying two themes that incorporate reviewing some of the most significant literature related to this area of study. As theoretical frameworks, Hofstede’s popular cultural dimensions and Hall’s (1976) concept of low and high context cultures are considered. The purpose of this thematic review of the literature is to better understand challenges related to eLearning that eLearners from the GCC countries face when enrolled in Western educational institutions. In view of that, this study sheds light on two main questions: What are some of the challenges eLearners from the GCC countries face when enrolled in Western educational institutions? And what considerations should be taken into account when designing instructional materials for online courses targeting eLearners from the GCC Countries? The analysis revealed that GCC students face different types of eLearning barriers that are divided into two broad categories. The first is the general barriers and inconveniences, and the second is the challenges they face when enrolled in Western universities. This study also concluded that Western universities targeting students from the Arab countries in general, and the GCC countries in particular, need to place suitable inter-cultural plans to prepare for and effectively deal with the challenges analysed in the study. Recommendations on how to implement these preparatory plans for the GCC eLearners enrolled in Western programmes are also presented and highlighted.

Volunteers are essential to the viability of a large segment of youth development programs. Yet, research on this topic has been relatively limited and it has not thus far congealed into a cohesive area of study. The contributions to this special issue advance our understanding of a number of important issues having to do with volunteerism in youth programs and provide a solid foundation for catalyzing both the further generation of knowledge in this area and its practical application. One priority should be to more rigorously establish and delineate suggested connections among program practices, volunteer skill development, behaviors, and experiences, and the outcomes of participating youth. There also is a need to substantially broaden the scope of programs studied in order to clarify both areas of generalizability and dynamics that may vary as a function of volunteer contexts and roles. Finally, as the knowledge base matures, translational research is needed to apply this knowledge to the design of supports for volunteerism in youth development programs and to rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies.

Nationally, the pathway model – commonly defined as “a highly structured, coherent education experience that is built around and through an area of study” – has emerged as the preferred structural ...

Purpose Previous studies have not integrated the impact of the area of study into the notion of employee engagement. The purpose of this study is to empirically measure the association between employee engagement and the two antecedent factors of perceived organizational support (POS) and employee loyalty across different areas of study. Design/methodology/approach A nationally representative survey of 2,408 adults in the USA collected by the worker representation and participation survey (WRPS) was used. A multinomial logit regression was used to estimate the impact of POS and loyalty across different areas of study. Findings The findings of this study consistent with the previous studies showed that POS and employee loyalty are positively and significantly associated with employee engagement. This study found by a decline in the level of support from a “lot of support” to “somewhat support,” the degree of engagement declines by about 50 per cent. Further, it found that the level of engagement changes across different areas of study. For instance, professional and skilled workers are more engaged compared to other groups of workers. The findings were similar for the variables of loyalty to supervisors and loyalty to organizations. Moreover, the findings showed that conditioned on being loyal, women are more engaged than men. Originality/value This is the first study that uses WRPS to understand how the level of engagement varies across different kinds of study.

Introduction Quality of life among the elderly is an important public health issue. However, few studies have examined the health and quality of life among ethnic minority groups. This research aimed to study the association between self-care behaviors and quality of life among the elderly from ethic minority groups living along the borders of Thailand. Methods Three provinces from the northern part of Thailand, including Tak, Nan, and Phayao, were selected for the area of study. The purposive method was employed to select districts within the province. Simple random sampling was used to select samples. A total number of 810 elderly citizens were recruited from ethnic minority groups as a research sample. The assessment questionnaire WHOQOL-OLD was used for interviewing the elderly. Results The mean age of the elderly in our sample was 68.3 years, representing ethnic groups of Lua (30.9%), Karens (24.6%), Tai Lue (23.3%), and Tai Hmong (21.2%). The level of self-care behaviors of these elderly was moderate (49.5%), low (45.9%), and high (4.6%). More than half of them exhibited the quality of life at a moderate level (69.1%) and low level (26.5%); only a few demonstrated a high level (4.4%). Linear regression analysis revealed that self-care behaviors were positively significantly related to the quality of life among ethnic groups (p-value

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the extent to which the internet has created new opportunities for Iranian women in Tehran. It analyses both challenges and opportunities offered to Iranian women by the internet as a means of economic empowerment.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a qualitative approach and based on 13 semi-structured interviews with female internet users between the ages of 20 and 55 years. The qualitative data was collected through open-ended questions in face-to-face interviews. This study uses ethnography as a research tool to explore the question of whether the internet has made a difference in the economic lives of Iranian women.FindingsResult reveals that the internet and working online have significant impact on the economic lives of Tehrani women by enabling them to engage in new forms of online business. This technology is being used for online advertising to attract more clients, to establish business contacts with peers and to manage households positively.Research limitations/implicationsThe result of the research cannot be regarded as applicable to all women in Iran, as the opportunity to access online economic activities is only available to those women who are highly trained and well-educated. In addition, the result of the research may not reflect the barriers that women from different social classes and ethnic groups have faced in the achievement of economic empowerment online.Practical implicationsThe study highlights that due to a generally lack of computer proficiency, women in these areas are unable to effectively maximise their participation in the online economic sphere. This barrier must be removed by enhancing women’s computer literacy and ICT (information, communication and technologies) and establishing development networking programme centres for internet skills training.Originality/valueThe internet has created opportunity for Iranian women to expand their participation in the online economic sphere. However, research in the field of online economic activities in Iran, especially concerning women working online, is scant. The key contribution of this paper is to fill the gap in this area of study, in particular offering insights into the ways in which women use the internet to overcome the boundaries of physical space and become empowered.

How can site‐based fieldwork support big‐data research? We reflect on this question by sharing our experiences in combining on‐site fieldwork with an existing big‐data analysis using call‐detail records (CDR), which detected anomalous population flows in Bangladesh during cyclone Mahasen. In the original study of the CDR, this mobility was hypothesized to reflect late evacuations from homes. We discuss how site‐based fieldwork enabled us to discover that the detected patterns in our area of study reflected something different: the movement of fishers seeking to protect their trawlers located at harbor areas. Moreover, the fieldwork, in conjunction with remote sensing shoreline evolution data, allowed us to identify and study high‐risk behaviors of immobility that the CDR analysis was not able to detect. In sharing our findings, we are reflective of our own endeavor to optimally combine qualitative and big‐data methods. While mistakes were made and challenges had to be overcome, insights were gained on how a combined methodology makes research well‐grounded, reflective, and more interactive

This study addresses the issue of decreasing accounting student interest in the specialized taxation discipline. Using survey responses from accounting students around the United States, the authors find that one of the most important influences on the choice of a taxation specialization over other accounting fields is the fascination and interest created as part of the initial taxation course in the student’s undergraduate education. This finding echoes prior research on how to motivate pre-business students toward accounting as a major area of study. The authors find that the challenging nature of the initial tax course and potential differences in future career options do not deter students from taxation. Other driving forces for pursing taxation include perceptions of entry-level and long-term compensation, long-term career opportunities, and having an interesting and challenging career. This study can be of interest to academic institutions, public accounting recruiters, and the accounting profession in general as it highlights the meaningful role each can play in encouraging accounting students to pursue taxation as a profession.

Resumen La presente investigación, de corte instrumental, pretende definir el perfil vocacional de las carreras de Arquitectura (AU), Administración de Tecnología de Información (ATI) e Ingeniería en Agronegocios (AA) del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR) y construir un instrumento psicométrico para evaluar las preferencias por dichas carreras. Participaron 449 estudiantes con una media de edad de 21.29 años, 44 % mujeres y 56 % varones, y 22 docentes. Esta investigación da continuidad a los estudios realizados por Alfaro-Barquero y Chinchilla-Brenes (2016, 2017, 2019, 2020). Los perfiles vocacionales se elaboraron a partir de las descripciones brindadas por estudiantes y docentes; posteriormente fueron validados con grupos de personas expertas. Con la información obtenida, se construyeron los ítems de los intereses y tareas propias de las áreas de ATI, AU y AA, que se aplicaron a un grupo de estudiantes de cada carrera junto con los instrumentos de Evaluación de Satisfacción Vocacional y la Escala de habilidades de Alfaro-Barquero y Chinchilla-Brenes (2016, 2017, 2019, 2020). Las escalas utilizadas mostraron adecuados indicadores psicométricos, a excepción de la escala de intereses. Se evidenciaron diferencias significativas según sexo y carrera. También se encontró asociación entre la satisfacción vocacional y las habilidades, intereses y tareas vocacionales. Abstract The objective of this instrumental study was to define the vocational profile of three career paths at the Costa Rican Institute of Technology (ITCR): Architecture, Information Technology Management and Agribusiness Engineering, and develop a psychometric vocational test to assess preferences for each area of study. The sample consisted of 22 teachers and 449 students with an age average of 21.29 years; 44% were female and 56% male. This study provides continuity to previous studies by Alfaro-Barquero and Chinchilla-Brenes (2016, 2017, 2019, 2020). Professional profiles for each career path were obtained from students and teachers and then validated by a group of experts. The information gathered set the foundation for the interests and specific tasks related to Architecture, Information Technology Management and Agribusiness Engineering which were used as input to develop a survey that was answered by the study participants. The group also completed the Vocational Satisfaction Evaluation Test and the Skills Scale, by Alfaro-Barquero and Chinchilla-Brenes (2016, 2017, 2019, 2020). All the scales that were used appropriate psychometric indicators, except for the interest scale. Significant differences according to sex and career were evident. An association was also found among vocational satisfaction and vocational skills, interests, and tasks.

The Russian renewable energy industry has not yet succeeded in breaking through into the domestic market despite its potential, particularly in remote Arctic settlements. This article examines broad issues that influence national policy-makers and provides an analysis of the type of objectives that are emphasized in Russian energy policies. It can be assumed that the priorities behind these objectives have a more stable status than more concrete plans to boost the use of renewables, since they often fail to materialize. In order to discover these priorities, I analyze several relevant policy-making documents with the help of public justification analysis, a method developed to examine public claims made in favor of a certain cause, and the commonly known values that the claim-makers refer to in order to convince others. This paper reveals that Russian energy policy documents tend to emphasize concrete, technical tasks over more abstract, holistic goals. In addition, industrial needs dominate all policies, even those related to socio-economic or environmental issues. I conclude that the tendencies listed above may prevent fundamental structural change in the Russian energy industry, despite the potential of renewable energy, especially in the Arctic regions.

The article discusses the prospects of local wood waste resources as replacements for fossil fuel imports in the remote settlements of the Russian North from a viewpoint of a case study: the Arkhangelsk region and its outdated heating and fossil fuel delivery systems. Drawing on energy transition literature and expert interviews, the most influential factors are defined in geographic-infrastructural, institutional, financial, and behavioral contexts. In conclusion, the article determines that a key issue is that the constraints for alternative energy sources reinforce each other, while the actors working for them find themselves in an isolated position. This is especially true for the institutional and financial constraints. However, by examining the enabling factors it is possible to see how the bundle of constraints could also be undone together. Most efficient way for success would likely be helping municipalities and actors in the fields of biomass and energy production to form joint clusters and share resources.

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is an active area of study in the field of text mining. SA is the computational treatment of thoughts, emotions and literary subjectivity. This paper addresses a detailed summary of the latest update in this area. The related fields of SA (transfer learning, emotional detection, and resource building) that attracted researchers have recently been explored. The paper provides a description of the various approaches to sentiment classification and methods used for sentiment analysis. Starting from this summary, the paper introduces a classification of methods with respect to features, advantages and limitations.

E-commerce industry has witnessed a phenomenal growth globally due to the sudden spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the advancement of mobile Internet technology, with fast adaption of online shopping technologies by the customers. Previously, online shopping was only available in a few product categories and to a select group of consumers. The COVID-19 guidelines related to safety, physical distancing, closure, lockdown, and other restrictions have insisted that consumers shop online. Because of e-commerce growth, the grocery (FMCG) industry is also equipped with advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and block chain technology. This paper analyzes the UTAUT2 model and its influence on perceived risk and consumer trust in online purchase intention of grocery categories of products among Indian customers. We tried to analyze the growth potential of new technologies in grocery retail and formulated the hypotheses. The results showed that the spread of COVID-19 pandemic had a significant influence on the online shopping behavior of Indian customers. The outcome of the study partly assists businesses in understanding the impact of the factors of consumer adaption of technology, perceived risk associated with online transaction, consumer trust in online technologies and consumer online purchase intention of grocery products. To promote e-commerce in India, the current study suggests that marketers should try to develop consumer trust and lowering the perceived risk associated with online shopping. Some management implications and future area of study based on empirical findings are also highlighted in the present research work.

A total of 573 undergraduate students consented to participate in this investigation about deliberate informal learning practices using social media. Data analysis consisted of parametric and non-parametric statistical procedures. An analysis of the rankings provided by undergraduate students for the different deliberate informal learning activities performed in their most used social media (MUSM) showed that listening to podcasts related to their area of study, following/connecting with professional organizations, and connecting with leaders in their field of study were ranked higher than the other activities. The results also showed evidence of statistically significant differences in the ranking provided to the informal learning activities performed by undergraduate students in their least used social media (LUSM). Listening to podcasts related to their area of study, viewing videos that can assist with coursework, and following/connecting with professional organizations were ranked higher than the other deliberate informal learning activities. The results of this investigation can be of benefit to instructors, regardless of the discipline of study, and instructional designers wishing to connect academic activities with informal learning endeavors that undergraduate students are already performing for personal enjoyment while participating in online social communities.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma pesquisa do tipo estado da arte envolvendo a Educação Ambiental e o ensino de Matemática. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas as dissertações e teses defendidas no período de 1998 a 2020 publicadas no banco de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Os resumos foram analisadas utilizando como referencial metodológico Fiorentini (2002). A análise foi norteada pelos seguintes descritores: qualidade do resumo; instituição de origem; área de titulação do pós-graduando e do orientador; nível escolar; e focos e subfocos temáticos. Foram encontradas 27 pesquisas. Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria dos resumos foram construídos de forma incompleta, e que, as regiões que mais desenvolveram pesquisas envolvendo as duas temáticas foram a sul e a sudeste, os orientadores em geral, não são da área de matemática embora os pós-graduandos tenham formação nessa área. Quanto ao nível escolar, as pesquisas foram aplicadas nos três níveis de ensino e foram encontrados três focos: aplicação da pesquisa, tendência metodológica e estratégia de ensino. A partir dos resultados pode-se concluir que é preciso investir na formação de mestres e doutores que privilegiem a Matemática como parte integrante do contexto ambiental. The purpose of the present work is to present a research of state-of-the-art kind involving Environmental Education and Mathematics teaching. The data were collected from dissertations and theses defended from 1998 to 2020, published on Bank of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel. The Abstracts were analysed using Fiorentini (2020) as a methodological reference. The analysis was based on the following descriptors: Abstract quality; home institution; post-graduate’s and advisor’s area of study; school level; theme focuses, and sub focuses. Twenty-seven researches were found. The results showed that most of Abstracts were incompletely built, and the South and Southeast regions were the ones that developed the most researches involving both themes. In general, the advisors do not work on Mathematics, however the post-graduates have majored in such area. Regarding school level, the researches were applied on the three teaching levels and three focuses were found: research application, methodological trend and teaching strategy. From the results obtained it is possible to conclude that it is necessary to invest in the education of masters and doctors who privilege Mathematics as an integral part of environmental context.

Despite the considerable body of literature on social media (SM)’s use as formal educational tools within universities, little has been done to provide a comprehensive adoption framework for SM as cooperative learning (CL) instruments. Nonetheless, the pedagogical arguments for SM’s use in HE have theory support. This paper proposes an original SM integration framework based on CL methods within higher education (HE). An integrative review of relevant literature followed by a thematic review of six peer-reviewed empirical research and a thorough examination of relevant SM adoption models are conducted to identify commonalties and themes. In total, six themes were identified and incorporated as major components in the proposed framework. To the best of our knowledge, no previous research has proposed a framework that incorporates CL principles to support an effective SM integration process in HE. This paper proposes a novel integration framework which is a theoretically driven pedagogical guide for incorporating SM in HE’s classrooms. It provides valuable insights on SM’s use in education and forms the basis for future quantitative and qualitative (framework-testing) research in this area of study.

The article reveals the essence and necessity of competence to Lifelong foreign language learning of future graduates of education and already working qualified specialists. Lifelong learning is defined as all learning activity undertaken throughout life, with the aim of improving knowledge, skills, and competences. Very often universities have unclear ideas of the learning outcomes to be achieved through their language programmes. At present time it is to be expected that the linguistic demands made on adults (qualified specialists) will increase in quantitative and qualitative terms. The foreign languages learned at school or institute may not be the ones you need for your job or for other purposes later in life. What this means is that foreign language learning should not, cannot stop at the end of tertiary education. Now it is necessary to support and disseminate new methods of teaching foreign languages oriented at adults, their needs in line with the professional context. Preparing, education process and further training must be necessarily performed in compliance with current requirements where the continuous foreign language learning should be an inseparable part of university study, oriented at the area of study and aimed at future professional and job requirements. To sum up, learning foreign languages for specific purposes is becoming the necessity at adults. That for higher education students to be lifelong learners, they must develop a capacity for self-direction, motivation and a disposition toward learning In the future people will need continually to enhance their knowledge and skills, in order to address immediate problems and to participate in a process of continuous vocational and professional development. We are now living in the information society in which the demands are so complex and so rapidly changing that the only way in which we shall be able to resolve them is a process of individual, communal, and global learning throughout the lifespan of all of us. The article states that necessary is to prepare and develop system steps aimed at ensuring the formation of students’ readiness to learn throughout life.

Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy, defined as a delay in the acceptance or the refusal of vaccines despite their availability, is a growing global threat. More individuals are turning to social media for health information, including vaccine information. As such, there is an opportunity to leverage online platforms as a means to disseminate and persuade individuals toward vaccine acceptance. We sought to review literature focused on the influence of exposure to social media content on vaccine acceptance or hesitancy.Areas covered: This review focused on social networking sites (e.g. Facebook) and content communities (e.g. YouTube), to understand how exposure to vaccine information affected vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and intentions/behaviors. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Inspec. We included English-language materials published from 2004 to 2020 and included interventional studies, observational studies, and impacts of policies. We excluded systematic reviews, protocols, editorials, letters, case reports, case studies, commentaries, opinion pieces, narrative reviews, and clinical guidelines.Expert opinion: Social media interventions to affect vaccine acceptance is a new but growing area of study. How a communication message is framed, who delivers the message, and network structure are critical for affecting the vaccine decision-making process. Social media should be leveraged to impact vaccine uptake.

Transgender identities and health are highly politicized in the United States leading to restrictions on relevant data collection in national health surveillance systems. This has serious implications on transgender population health research; an urgent area of study given the systemic discrimination faced by transgender individuals and the resultant social and health inequities. In this precarious political climate, obtaining high-quality data for research is challenging and in recent years, two data sources have formed the foundation of transgender health research in the United States, namely the 2015 United States Transgender Study and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) after the launch of the optional Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Module in 2014. While useful, there are serious challenges to using these data to study transgender health, specifically related to survey weighting methodologies, ascertainment of gender identity, and study design. In this article, we detail these challenges and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of various methodological approaches that have been implemented as well as clarify several common errors that exist in the literature. We feel that this contribution is necessary to provide accurate interpretation of the evidence that currently informs policy and priority setting for transgender population health and will provide vital insights for future studies with these now ubiquitous sources of data in the field.

Ego-documents let us hear the voices of those who have been little heard in historiography. Such documents, especially when narrative in nature, provide insight into historical events and periods by illustrating how individuals—in correspondence with their own (in)actions, (in)decisions, and (mis)convictions as well as emotions, fears, aspirations, and frustrations—experienced and perceived these historical phenomena from a contemporary personal viewpoint. Since the revival of narrative historiography in the 1980s, partly in response to the Annales school, such documents have been increasingly recognized and employed as important historical sources. Nonetheless, the terminology for designating the generic nature and encompassing the diversity of such sources, as well as the methodology for historicizing them, remain under debate.

Purpose and problem of the study: This study to identify the level of impact of zakat distribution and the level of religious practice among the mualaf (convert) in Selangor. The aim is also to analyse the relationship between the level of impact of zakat distribution and the level of religious practice of mualaf in Selangor. The problem of the study is issues which related to the granting of zakat rights to Muslims and its impact on strengthening the faith of these groups and their appreciation of Islamic teachings. Methodology: This study applies quantitative methodology which involves 454 Muslim converts as respondents and they were randomly selected to get the data of this study. Main Findings: The descriptive analysis findings demonstrate that the level of impact of zakat distribution and the level of religious practice of mualaf in Selangor is at high level, where each has a mean value (4.20 and 4.63). The result of the Pearson correlation analysis proves that there is a significant relationship between the impact of the distribution (r = 0.643, p < 0.01) and religious practice (r = 0.677, p < 0.01). Applications of this study: This study involves respondents from the mualaf group in Selangor. Selangor has chosen to be the area of study as the total number of muallaf registered in this state is greater than those in other states in Malaysia. Novelty/Originality of this study: The implementation of zakat distribution based on the principals and concepts dictated by Islamic law will give a great impact to the group of mualaf (convert).

Versão submetida é uma versão do autor antes de formatada pela revista. Pode ser depositada em repositório institucional. Feedback on student work is a key mechanism for improving learning in Higher Education (HE) and can be provided in a variety of forms. Recently, many institutions have moved to the provision of electronic feedback, although evidence for the effectiveness of this is mixed. While many studies evaluating the students’ perception of feedback are now available, there is little evidence of contrasting perceptions of its value according to different disciplines. This work aims to evaluate the relationship between students’ expectations and perception of feedback, especially electronic, and the disciplinary area of study in HE. Students (n=1017) across different courses from a post-1992 university in the UK were surveyed and categorized into five disciplinary clusters: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics; Business and Accounting; Art and Design; Media and Languages; and Psychology and Social Care. Perceived relevance as well as the most pertinent features and expectations of the quality of electronic feedback for students varies according to disciplinary cluster and thus closely aligns with a specific cluster’s learning and teaching practices. The findings of this study may help institutions to reflect on the role of electronic feedback as part of their ongoing assessment practice and how teaching in the different disciplines may result in different understandings of the value of electronic feedback. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This commentary for the special issue on the automation of journalism highlights the progress made in this area of study before advocating for researchers to pay greater attention to the audience a...

The Moving Image Review & Art Journal (MIRAJ) is the first international peer-reviewed scholarly publication devoted to artists' film and video, and its contexts. It offers a forum for debates surrounding all forms of artists' moving image and media artworks: films, video installations, expanded cinema, video performance, experimental documentaries, animations, and other screen-based works made by artists. MIRAJ aims to consolidate artists' moving image as a distinct area of study that bridges a number of disciplines, not limited to, but including art, film, and media. This issue focuses on the work of Chantal Akerman and is based on the Chantal Akerman NOW exhibition curated by Michael Maziere and the Conference 'After Chantal', 2016, CREAM, University of Westminster.

The article focuses on the issue of the future child’s image in the minds of expecting mothers. The urgency of the issue lies in the fact that the field of prenatal psychology in the Republic of Belarus has been experiencing a great need for more scientific information in this area of study. Currently available research outcomes do not provide a holistic view of the psychological problem and cannot contribute to the process of identifying pregnant women in need of psychological counselling and support. As a result, there is evidence of an increase in the number of expecting mothers who are not psychologically prepared for the change in their social role. The goal of the present research was to study the distinct features of the future child’s image as it is perceived by pregnant women during the term of their first and subsequent pregnancies. The study was conducted at the healthcare institution “Verkhnedvinskaya Central District Hospital” in the Vitebsk Region of the Republic of Belarus. In the course of research, the following methods were applied: “The structure of an individual’s image (hierarchical)” (by Valerii L. Sitnikov) and “Family life from the mother’s point of view” (an adaptation of PARI by E. Scheffer and R. Bell prepared by Tatiana V. Nescheret); mathematical and statistical methods of research results processing. The outcomes of the study enabled the authors to identify the features of the child’s image as perceived by expecting mothers during their first or subsequent pregnancies. It was determined that there are both similarities and differences in the structural components of the image in the perceptions of women who were pregnant for the first time and those who had been pregnant before; regardless of the child’s sex or the number of the mother’s pregnancies, the image was reflected through feminine qualities, and all expecting mothers regardless of the number of pregnancies over-concentrated on the child.

The advent and dispersal of technology is an interesting area of study since its success is dependent on the attitude for the adoption of it by customers. Extant literature indicates that mobile banking is the least adopted type of electronic banking when compared to other types of banking like Automated Teller Machine (ATM), despite its being the cheapest and quickest mode of communication. This study empirically examines and tests factors affecting users and non-users’ attitude towards the adoption of mobile banking. Data were collected from 256 participants both from users and non-users of mobile banking. Collected data were analyzed using chi-square, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Findings indicate that trust, perceived ease of use, relative advantage, and compatibility have strong correlations with both users and non-users’ adoption towards mobile banking. However, perceived risk is found to have no significant relationship with users and non-users’ attitude towards the adoption of mobile banking. Moreover, it is found that there is a difference between users and non-users’ attitude towards the adoption of mobile banking. Furthermore, managerial implications, limitations of the study and future research directions were discussed.