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Purpose of review Artificial intelligence is the ability for machines to perform intelligent tasks. Artificial intelligence is already penetrating many aspects of medicine including cardiac surgery. Here, we offer a platform introduction to artificial intelligence for cardiac surgeons to understand the implementations of this transformative tool. Recent findings Artificial intelligence has contributed greatly to the automation of cardiac imaging, including echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, cardiac MRI and most recently, in radiomics. There are also several artificial intelligence based clinical prediction tools that predict complex outcomes after cardiac surgery. Waveform analysis, specifically, automated electrocardiogram analysis, has seen significant strides with promise in wearables and remote monitoring. Experimentally, artificial intelligence has also entered the operating room in the form of augmented reality and automated robotic surgery. Summary Artificial intelligence has many potential exciting applications in cardiac surgery. It can streamline physician workload and help make medicine more human again by placing the physician back at the bedside. Here, we offer cardiac surgeons an introduction to this transformative tool so that they may actively participate in creating clinically relevant implementations to improve our practice.

Background To achieve an optimal clinical outcome in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), accurate placement of the components is essential. The recently introduced navigation technology of augmented reality (AR) through head-mounted displays (HMD) offers a promising new approach to visualize the anatomy and navigate component positioning in various orthopedic surgeries. We hypothesized that AR through HMD is feasible, reliable, and accurate for guidewire placement in RSA baseplate positioning. Methods Twelve human cadaver shoulders were scanned with computed tomography (CT) and RSA baseplate positioning was 3-D planned using dedicated software. The shoulders were prepared through a deltopectoral approach and an augmented reality hologram was superimposed using the HMD Microsoft HoloLense. The central guidewire was then navigated through the HMD to achieve the planned entry point and trajectory. Postoperatively, the shoulders were CT-scanned a second time and the deviation from the planning was calculated. Results The mean deviation of the entry point was 3.5 mm ± 1.7 mm (95% CI 2.4 mm; 4.6 mm). The mean deviation of the planned trajectory was 3.8° ± 1.7° (95% CI 2.6°; 4.9°). Conclusion Augmented reality seems feasible and reliable for baseplate guidewire positioning in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The achieved values were accurate.

Purpose A systematic review of the literature has been carried out to assess the actual evidence of the use of augmented reality in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We then conducted a pilot clinical study to examine the accuracy of the Knee + augmented reality navigation in performing TKA. The present augmented reality (AR) system allows the surgeon to view the tibial and femur axis superimposed on the surgical field through the smart glasses. It provides real-time information during surgery and intraoperative feedback. Methods A systematic review of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases up to May 2021 using the keywords “augmented reality”, “knee arthroplasty”, “computer assisted surgery”, “navigation knee arthroplasty” was performed by two independent reviewers. We performed five TKAs using the Knee + system. Patients were 4 females, with mean age of 76.4 years old (range 73–79) and mean Body Max Index (BMI) of 31.9 kg/m2 (range 27–35). The axial alignment of the limb and the orientation of the components were evaluated on standardized pre and postoperative full leg length weight-bearing radiographs, anteroposterior radiographs, and lateral radiographs of the knee. The time of tourniquet was recorded. The perception of motion sickness was assessed by Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ) subjected to surgeon immediately after surgery. Results After duplicate removal, a total of 31 abstracts were found. However, only two studies concerned knee arthroplasty. Unfortunately, both were preclinical studies. Knee + system is able to perform a cutting error of less than 1° of difference about coronal alignment of femur and tibia and less than 2° about flexion/extension of femur and posterior tibial slope. The absolute differences between the values obtained during surgery and the measurement of varus femur, varus tibia, posterior slope, and femur flexion angle on post-operative radiographs were 0.6° ± 1.34°, 0.8° ± 0.84°, 0.8° ± 1.79°, and 0.4 mm ± 0.55 mm, respectively. Conclusions On light of our preliminary results, the Knee + system is accurate and effective to perform TKA. The translation from pilot study to high-level prospective studies is warranted to assess accuracy and cost-effective analysis compared to conventional techniques. Level of evidence IV

The second wave of immersive reality technology is required that enhances and exploits current applications, empirical evidence and worldwide interest. If this is successful, low- and middle-income countries will have improved access, less costs and reduced practical limitations. Affordability, availability, accessibility and appropriateness are determinates, and help from several innovative areas can achieve these targets. Artificial intelligence will allow autonomous support of trainees to accelerate their skills when interacting on mobile applications, as deep learning algorithms will generate models that identify data and patterns within them and provide feedback much like a human educator. Future immersive content needs to be high quality, tailored to the learners’ needs and created with minimal time and expenses. The co-creation process involves the integration of learners into the entire development process and a single learning goal can be identified that will have high reusability to surgical students. Sustainability of the material is ensured in the design stage leading to increased cost-effectiveness benefits. One framework has a proven high impact on the co-design of healthcare resources and is discussed. The connectivity of future immersive technology resources has been a major obstacle between regions in their uptake. A handful of collaboration platforms have been created that can deliver immersive content and experiences; the spearhead in this area will be from augmented reality and telesurgery. Opportunity for powerful, large-scale data culture via blockchain collaboration will be an emerging theme that will also drive towards affordability, availability, accessibility and appropriateness in the future global landscape of immersive technology in surgical education.

Background Current challenges in surgical training have led to the investigation of augmented reality as a potential method of supplementary education. However, its value for this purpose remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the published literature to evaluate the validity and effectiveness of augmented reality in surgical education, and to compare it with other simulation modalities. Methods Electronic literature searches were performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Two authors independently extracted pertinent data and assessed study quality. The primary outcome measures of interest were the validity and effectiveness of augmented reality as an educational tool. Results Of 6,500 articles, 24 studies met eligibility criteria for inclusion, of which 2 were randomized. Ten studies investigated validity, with 7 establishing both face and content validity and an additional 1 just content validity. Construct validity was demonstrated in 9 of 11 studies. Of the 11 studies that examined the effectiveness of augmented reality in skills acquisition, 9 demonstrated enhanced learning. Of the 5 studies in which the effectiveness of augmented reality as an educational tool was compared with other modes of simulation, augmented reality was found to be superior in 2 and equivalent in the others. Conclusion Overall, the majority, including 2 high-quality randomized controlled trials, demonstrated the validity and effectiveness of augmented reality in surgical education. However, the quality of published studies was poor with marked heterogeneity. Although these results are encouraging, additional high-quality studies, preferably in the real-life environment, are required before the widespread implementation of augmented reality within surgical curricula can be recommended.

Measurement of joint range of motion is a common measure in the functional evaluation of a patient. This clinical measurement is performed through the use of mechanical goniometry, currently presenting various problems mainly of a human nature. This article introduces ROMCam, an alternative system for measuring joint range of motion, based on estimating the human pose in 2D. For this, use is made of artificial vision libraries and the use of an RGB webcam type camera. The results obtained corroborate the validity of the use of ROMCam as a low cost, accessible tool that can even be used as a resource in telerehabilitation treatments.

The purpose of this paper is to explore how the use of virtual tours may represent a lever to improve customers’ intention to buy food products and/or visit places where products are manufactured. Emerging virtual reality and augmented reality can allow people to interact with products and places where products are produced even from very distant places, with a positive impact on their purchase intentions. Applying the theory of planned behaviour, this study focuses on the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, one of the most exported Italian foods. A sample of consumers was surveyed online to explore the role of virtually visiting the food production place on consumers’ intention to physically visit the production place and on their intention to buy the food. The empirical results deriving from a structural equation model developed on 399 completed and valid questionnaires indicate that the opportunity to experience products through virtual tours positively influences consumer behaviours. Young males show the highest intention to physically visit the food production place and to buy the cheese. Findings provide new insights for the emerging literature on the use of virtual reality to experience products through virtual interaction and the impact that interactive technologies have on consumer purchase intentions. Local areas can use virtual tours to improve food tourism and stimulate food product sales. To our knowledge, this paper represents one of the first empirical endeavours aimed at exploring the impact of virtual tours on consumers’ buying and visiting intentions when a food product and a dairy are concerned.

The development of vehicular Internet of Things (IoT) applications, such as E-Transport, Augmented Reality, and Virtual Reality are growing progressively. The mobility aware services and network-based security are fundamental requirements of these applications. However, multi-side offloading enabling blockchain and cost-efficient scheduling in heterogeneous vehicular fog cloud nodes network become a challenging task. The study formulates this problem as a convex optimization problem, where all constraints are the convex set. The goal of the study is to minimize communication cost and computation cost of applications under mobility, security, deadline, and resource constraints. Initially, we propose a novel vehicular fog cloud network (VFCN) which consists of different components and heterogeneous computing nodes. The ensure mobility privacy, the study devises Mobility Aware Blockchain-Enabled offloading scheme (MABOS). It extends blockchain enable multi-side offloading (e.g., offline offloading and online offloading) with proof of work (PoW), proof of creditability (PoC) and fault-tolerant techniques. The purpose is to offload all tasks under the secure network without any violation. Furthermore, to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) of applications, this work suggests linear search based task scheduling (LSBTS) method, which maps all tasks onto appropriate computing nodes. The experimental results show that devise schemes outperform all existing baseline approaches to the considered problem.

Background & aim Utilization of augmented reality (AR) and heads-up displays (HUD) to aid orthopaedic surgery has the potential to benefit surgeons and patients alike through improved accuracy, safety, and educational benefits. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the opportunity for adoption of novel technology is more relevant. The aims are to assess the technology available, to understand the current evidence regarding the benefit and to consider challenges to implementation in clinical practice. Methods & results PRISMA guidelines were used to filter the literature. Of 1004 articles returned the following exclusion criteria were applied: 1) reviews/commentaries 2) unrelated to orthopaedic surgery 3) use of other AR wearables beyond visual aids leaving 42 papers for review. This review illustrates benefits including enhanced accuracy and reduced time of surgery, reduced radiation exposure and educational benefits. Conclusion Whilst there are obstacles to overcome, there are already reports of technology being used. As with all novel technologies, a greater understanding of the learning curve is crucial, in addition to shielding our patients from this learning curve. Improvements in usability and implementing surgeons’ specific needs should increase uptake.

Purpose of Review This review summarizes and provides a comprehensive narrative synthesis of the current evidence on immersive technology’s (i.e., virtual and augmented Reality) use for perioperative anxiety, acute, and chronic pain in pediatrics. Recent Findings Researchers have increasingly studied immersive technology as a non-pharmacological alternative for perioperative anxiety, acute, and chronic pain management. We found several research studies published over the last 3 years: almost all studies examined the use of virtual reality for perioperative anxiety and pain; only one case report was about the use of augmented reality for preoperative anxiety. Most studies showed that virtual reality intervention is effective and safe for perioperative anxiety, acute, and chronic pain. However, the studies are heterogeneous with relatively small sample sizes. Summary This review shows that more high-quality studies (i.e., randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and standardized methods for measuring and reporting outcomes) are needed to examine the effectiveness and adverse effects of virtual reality intervention on perioperative anxiety, acute, and chronic pain in pediatrics.

The fourth industrial revolution basing on computer and information technologies, various software, hardware is rapidly gaining momentum in the modern world. First of all, these include big data processing technologies, blockchain, Internet of things, virtual and augmented reality, 3D printing, printed electronics, artificial intelligence, robotics, biotechnology. Alongside the positive effects, it is expected that the revolution will lead to some negative social consequences, including the growth of intellectual and high-tech crime. The article aims to analyze the causes and conditions of emerging new crime resulting from Industry 4.0 and their effect on the development of forensic science.The author highlights that the specific factors which will determine the future of forensic activity are: the appearance of creative and well-educated individuals, the emergence of “grey areas” in law, the development of global partnerships interested in international supranational rule-making, increasing of transnational crime. The rapid development of science and technology will require investigators and courts to promptly solve various specific scientific and technical tasks, eventually determining the objects and subjects of new forensic examinations, primarily from the field of information technology. Specialists predict a breakthrough in the development of cognitive computing and expert systems equipped with artificial intelligence, which has considerable potential in forensic science. There are signs of the shaping of a common forensic space, which will include not only existing elements of the institute of forensic examination (state and non-state institutions) but large industrial corporations, as well as the most active, technologically advanced individuals.

Purpose: Retail selling is an inevitable economic activity in any country’s economy. InIndia, the retail industrycontributes 10% of its GDP.The invention of the Internet and technological advancement indigital marketinghashelpedthe onlineretailindustry to grow exponentially. Digital advancement has createdan environment where customers are more informed, hence chooser and demanding.Marketing technology or ‘Martech’ encompasses technology to reach online customers to provide pre-eminent customer experience, to meaningfully engage and retain them. The latest such technologies are Artificial Intelligence, Augmented/Virtual Reality, Internet of Things, Natural Language Processing, Block Chain Technology, etc. This paper is an exploratory study using secondary data, whichrevealedthat many firms have already adopted and most others are willing to adopt suchadvanced technologiesin the near future as they are convincedthatsuch technologies canphenomenally change themarketing strategies.Thisstudy alsoexploresthe current status of retailindustry andalsothe opportunities andchallengesof adoptingthese technologiesfrom marketers’ perspective. Italso proposes suggestionsfrom a user perspective, based on the analysis findings. Design Methodology: Developing a conceptual framework using primary and secondary data collected from various studies published by the govt, global research firms, blogs, and other internet articles. Findings: This paper revealed a dire need to adapt the marketing technology in the retailing industry for future survival. The analysis also revealed that the affinity for internet and online purchases is increasing exponentially hence the latest technology such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality, and Natural Language Processing are tremendously revolutionising the customer experience and thereby increased level of Customer Engagement. Type of Paper: Case study-based Research Analysis.

The 2020 pandemic represents another challenge for universities concerned with guaranteeing Educational Quality and the training of their graduates, which must be in accordance with the demands of the current global labor market. Distance Education, one year after becoming the global resource, has become monotonous and routine for many students. At the same time, augmented reality has become more accessible in many ways and represents a viable option that complements learning environments in a motivating way. Its application in education has been reported with success in various disciplinary areas and its advantages are listed in various investigations. In this work, a methodology for the development of virtual learning environments through augmented reality is reported, which can be developed and applied in any subject of higher education, with which it is presumed that AR can be a tool of general application for the creation of innovative learning objects and environments that improve learning outcomes.

The internet has become a vital component of the twenty-first century as technology has advanced. The number of new technologies emerging in tandem with the qualities supplied by the Internet is rapidly increasing. The World Wide Web (WWW), which is commonly referred to as the world's largest information environment, is a vital virtual environment in which internet users may trade, read, and publish information using a Web browser. Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 technologies have all been seen and are still being observed in this review paper. However, there is no clear definition for Web 4.0, which is a 4th generation web technology, in the literature. Web 4.0 has multiple dimensions, as seen by the first examples that have appeared. Big data, augmented reality, machine-to-machine communication (M2M), cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, as well as smart agents, will be able to integrate in the future years. Web 4.0 is a web technology revolution that includes a new internet of things (IoT) that interacts with a variety of models. The goal of this study is to clarify the notion of Web 4.0, which is viewed as an intelligent and symbiotic (human-machine interaction) network with massive interfaces and linkages, as well as to contribute to the literature by studying its many dimensions and investigating its links with new generation technologies.

This paper examines how Chinese new media artists negotiate the symbolic nature of urban space via 3D-modelled simulations, augmented and mixed reality. Via semiotic and media analysis, the paper scrutinises the ontology of these media in their deployment of spatial parameters such as proportion, perspective, stasis and motion to create an ideologically informed spatial narrative. The paper contrasts the imaginary of architecture and space in the independent 3D animation film Mist by Zhang Xiaotao and Cao Fei’s Second Life project RMB City against the implementation of video art in Zhu Xiaowen’s mixed reality performance Wearable Urban Routine and the augmented reality app Statue of Democracy & Tank Man by artist collective 4 Gentlemen. It be will argued that in all the discussed works, the use of the digital medium serves to create a temporary illusion whereby the ephemeral experience of a virtual world can help to better understand the role of the human in actual, physical space, which adopts particular importance in the context of a radically transforming country. This study contributes to the growing scholarship on the interlinkages between Chinese art, architecture and the city and on the increasing importance of technology within Chinese cultural studies. Image with permission from © Zhu Xiaowen

Molecular imaging is one of the pillars of precision surgery. Its applications range from early diagnostics to therapy planning, execution, and the accurate assessment of outcomes. In particular, molecular imaging solutions are in high demand in minimally invasive surgical strategies, such as the substantially increasing field of robotic surgery. This review aims at connecting the molecular imaging and nuclear medicine community to the rapidly expanding armory of surgical medical devices. Such devices entail technologies ranging from artificial intelligence and computer-aided visualization technologies (software) to innovative molecular imaging modalities and surgical navigation (hardware). We discuss technologies based on their role at different steps of the surgical workflow, i.e., from surgical decision and planning, over to target localization and excision guidance, all the way to (back table) surgical verification. This provides a glimpse of how innovations from the technology fields can realize an exciting future for the molecular imaging and surgery communities.

PurposeThe paper aims to analyze the application areas of augmented reality (AR) in the construction industry to enhance its usage level. The objectives are to assess the level of awareness of hardware and software devices of AR, examine the application areas of AR and reveal lagging areas in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachA survey of construction professionals engaged in the built environment was sent a well-structured questionnaire in the study area. The professionals involved are project managers, architects, engineers, builders and quantity surveyors. The sampling technique used in selecting those professionals was convenience sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the retrieved data.FindingsThe five most applied areas of Augmented Realities are Visualization and simulation of construction works; Project documentation; Project planning, monitoring and modification. The other two areas include on-site real-time information retrieval and health and safety measures. The findings also revealed the difference in the opinions of professionals among the variables. The results showed that there is significant difference in the opinions of the professionals regarding the application areas except one, that is automated measurement. Automated measurement has the same converging opinions of all professionals engaged in the study.Originality/valueThe study gives deep insight into possible areas where AR can be used in construction. The awareness level of hardware and software devices of AR was revealed by showing that those devices are upcoming in their usage. The areas of application of AR in construction are in their nascent stage. When there is proper implementation of this technology it will improve management in construction, minimize health and safety issues, and enhance the efficiency of workers through visualization and simulation.

This paper presents the evaluation of Augmented Reality Application development for the educational purpose of Palembang cultural artefacts in Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II (SMB II) Museum. The method applied in this study effectively developed an AR application to visualize the 3D object of SMB II Museum collections and created new digital 3D objects of Palembang cultural artefact which no longer exist. The digitization of the collection is an innovation that provides new culture learning experiences utilizing AR technology and also contributes to the preservation of Palembang cultural artefacts. Users can interact directly with these artefacts virtually which cannot be performed in the real environment but AR enabling it. In term of effectiveness and efficiency, some testing scenarios were performed. The results showed that the application could run its functionality as designed with time responsiveness for detecting marker was 0.599 seconds on average. App usability was also evaluated using the SUS method. The SUS survey score of 78.3 showed that the developed AR of the SMB II museum was acceptable by two variations of the millennial user. The augmented reality (AR) application is proposed as a medium to support the services of SMB II museum for education that effective improving users knowledge by 28.5% after using the App. The use of AR in the SMB II Museum leads to an enhanced interactive learning experience that promotes cultural heritage preservation in Palembang Indonesia.

Objective The study sought to identify smartphone apps that support hand hygiene practice and to assess their content, technical and functional features, and quality. A secondary objective was to make design and research recommendations for future apps. Materials and Methods We searched the UK Google Play and Apple App stores for hand hygiene smartphone apps aimed at adults. Information regarding content, technical and functional features was extracted and summarized. Two raters evaluated each app, using the IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics functionality score and the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). Results A total of 668 apps were identified, with 90 meeting the inclusion criteria. Most (96%) were free to download. The majority (78%) intended to educate or inform or remind users to hand wash (69%), using behavior change techniques such as personalization and prompting practice. Only 20% and 4% named a best practice guideline or had expert involvement in development, respectively. Innovative means of engagement were used in 42% (eg, virtual or augmented reality or geolocation-based reminders). Apps included an average of 2.4 out of 10 of the IMS functionality criteria (range, 0-8). The mean MARS score was 3.2 ± 0.5 out of 5, and 68% had a minimum acceptability score of 3. Two had been tested or trialed. Conclusions Although many hand hygiene apps exist, few provide content on best practice. Many did not meet the minimum acceptability criterion for quality or were formally trialed or tested. Research should assess the feasibility and effectiveness of hand hygiene apps (especially within healthcare settings), including when and how they “work.” We recommend that future apps to support hand hygiene practice are developed with infection prevention and control experts and align with best practice. Robust research is needed to determine which innovative methods of engagement create “sticky” apps.

As the scaling down of Si devices in the range less than few nm has been expedited up to a physical limit of Si, low dimensional materials have been regarded as one of next generation semiconductors. Among a variety of applications, studies on photodetectors have been actively investigated with their novel optical properties as well as astonishing electrical properties. However, most of research has focused on single device-type photodetector (i.e., photo-diode or photo-transistor). Contrary to common photodetector, light-to-frequency circuits (LFCs) are based on frequency reading with photosensitive ring oscillators, which has better noise immunity and reduced system complexity, thus, can be utilized to novel application even in internet of things (IoT) and bio & medical fields. In this review, low dimensional materials based circuit level photodetectors, which are core elements as the form of either inverters or ring oscillators for demonstration of LFCs, are introduced. Along with the introduction of low dimensional materials and their optical properties for optoelectronics, a fundamental concept for LFCs is specifically described. Thereafter, research progress on low dimensional material based photosensitive inverters is addressed according to the types of devices. Furthermore, as one of practical method for the improvement of photodetector performance, molecular doping technology is presented. Lastly, complete system of LFCs and its digitization for demonstration of production level, and potential application in the respective four aspects, (i) medical SpO2 detection, (ii) biological fluidic system, (iii) auto-lighting in agriculture, and (iv) optical feedback and sensing systems, are presented as systematic way to address the envisioned practical applications for the future displays including virtual reality and augmented reality, and others. As a remark, LFCs based on low dimensional semiconductors are expected to be one of core components in trillion’s sensor area.

On-vehicle AR-HUD (head-up display) is a driving assistant system, which can let drivers see navigation and warning information directly through the windshield with an easy-to-perceive augmented reality form. Traditional AR-HUD can only produce the content at a specific distance, which causes uncomfortable experiences such as frequent refocusing and unnatural floating of virtual objects. This paper proposed an innovative AR-HUD system, which can provide stereoscopic scenes to the driver. The system is composed of two traditional HUD displays and supports parallax by additive light field factorization. Optical paths and illumination of two displays are precisely calibrated for both views to ensure the combination of lights is as expected. The factorization algorithm is optimized for the system. With GPU acceleration, the system can run in real time. The system is cheap and simple to transform from a traditional AR-HUD system, which presents a feasible scheme to achieve a fusion-enhanced augmented reality assistant for driving.

The focus of this paper is on the use of mixed reality tools, specifically augmented reality (AR) andtangible augmented reality (TAR), for evaluating design concepts and soliciting feedback in the design of assistive products. AR and TAR are tools that allow a person to look at an environment where computer-generated elements are dynamically shown alongside real objects. In the context of product development, it allows a 3D model of a product (such as an appliance on a countertop) to be viewed within a real environment. Additionally, it can allow a user to a user to move, operate and interact with the virtual product. Technologies such as AR and TAR have become more accessible to regular users as computing power has become smaller and more powerful. While use by consumers is still somewhat limited, AR is already finding uses in design. This paper will present the current challenges that must be addressed related to using AR including implementation and use of AR by designers, the level of validity in representing a product to users with disabilities, and ability of users to use the technology to provide useful/accurate feedback on a concept compared to manufactured physical prototypes.

Among the existing platforms, the mobile platform provides most of the augmented reality experiences for users. Augmented reality solutions have been applied in several contexts due to technological advances in this area. However, many of these advances are still out of reach of more massive access by regular users due to access limitations or the cost of these new technologies. After conducting a literature review considering the application of data visualization in augmented reality environments, we have identified an evolution of equipment used in this context with a decrease of low-cost proposals. Hence, the works related to these two areas showed high use of technologies not yet accessible to the vast majority of users. Thus, we propose a low-cost augmented reality application that can be used on mobile devices for data visualization. We developed a hybrid proposal of an augmented reality prototype to interacting with cards through the mobile device to support the process of creating data visualization. The tangible cards have a design that helps the user in the visualization creation process, indicating each card’s role in the interaction process. The proposed application supports a multi-user environment, allowing multiple users to interact simultaneously with data visualizations in the AR environment. The visualizations are generated on a dedicated server for this function, providing a set of seven different types of visualization. To validate the developed prototype we performed two tests, the first being a stress assessment on the server that generates data visualizations to analyze the proposed application’s scalability. The second was a remote usability test with twelve participants, to evaluate the interaction and design of the cards, and the viability of this solution for augmented reality applications.

Adding attention-awareness to an Augmented Reality setting by using a Brain-Computer Interface promises many interesting new applications and improved usability. The possibly complicated setup and relatively long training period of EEG-based BCIs however, reduce this positive effect immensely. In this study, we aim at finding solutions for person-independent, training-free BCI integration into AR to classify internally and externally directed attention. We assessed several different classifier settings on a dataset of 14 participants consisting of simultaneously recorded EEG and eye tracking data. For this, we compared the classification accuracies of a linear algorithm, a non-linear algorithm, and a neural net that were trained on a specifically generated feature set, as well as a shallow neural net for raw EEG data. With a real-time system in mind, we also tested different window lengths of the data aiming at the best payoff between short window length and high classification accuracy. Our results showed that the shallow neural net based on 4-second raw EEG data windows was best suited for real-time person-independent classification. The accuracy for the binary classification of internal and external attention periods reached up to 88% accuracy with a model that was trained on a set of selected participants. On average, the person-independent classification rate reached 60%. Overall, the high individual differences could be seen in the results. In the future, further datasets are necessary to compare these results before optimizing a real-time person-independent attention classifier for AR.

Augmented Reality (AR) applications can be used to improve tasks and mitigate errors during facilities operation and maintenance. This article presents an AR system for facility management using a three-dimensional (3D) object tracking method. Through spatial mapping, the object of interest, a pipe trap underneath a sink, is tracked and mixed onto the AR visualization. From that, the maintenance steps are transformed into visible and animated instructions. Although some tracking issues related to the component parts were observed, the designed AR application results demonstrated the potential to improve facility management tasks.

The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) was founded primarily to advance the standards of surgical training and surgical practice in Ireland. Over the course of almost 240 years, the College evolved as a comprehensive University of Medicine and Health Sciences, delivering education not only in Surgery but also in Medicine, Physiotherapy, Pharmacy and Nursing. RCSI today has a large global footprint and runs healthcare education programmes in several international locations. The College works in close collaboration with the other surgical Royal Colleges in Great Britain and the four colleges have a common surgical curriculum. RCSI recognises the increasing challenges facing traditional surgical training models and therefore has developed structured education programmes to support the conventional apprenticeship model. Surgical training in Ireland includes comprehensive training in both technical (operative) skills and non-technical (human factors) skills. RCSI is committed to the integration of simulation in surgical training and has invested heavily in state-of-the-art simulation facilities and in next-generation education technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality and Artificial Intelligence-based educational technologies. Formal surgical training programmes in Ireland are complemented by a range of Masters programmes in Surgical Science and Practice and also Human Factors in Patient Safety.

Kemajuan teknologi di era Globalisasi, banyak dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang, salah satunya dalam bidang bisnis. Sebagai contoh pada media promosi, yaitu hadirnya teknologi augmented reality yang merupakan sebuah teknologi yang membawa objek virtual 3D yang dibuat menggunakan komputer, ke dalam dunia nyata 3D. Cara kerja augmented reality sendiri yaitu dengan melacak marker (penanda) melalui kamera yang bertindak sebagai mata yang dimana dapat mengenali objek dan kemudian diproyeksikan dalam waktu nyata. Untuk itu teknologi tersebut akan diterapkan pada penelitian ini, yang membahas tentang penerapan augmented reality pada brosur smartphone dengan algoritma FAST Corner Detection (FCD). Tujuan dari penggunaan teknologi augmented reality pada brosur ini, untuk membuat pembaca dapat melihat objek 3D pada brosur menggunakan aplikasi augmented reality smartphone yang dapat diinstal pada smartphone pembaca. Dan fungsi dari penggunaan algoritma FCD sendiri yaitu untuk mengenali marker dengan cara melacak titik-titik (sudut) pusat pada gambar marker. Hasil pengujian dari peneltian ini yaitu aplikasi dapat digunakan dengan baik untuk scan marker pada intensitas cukup cahaya sampai banyak cahaya dan dengan jarak ≤50 cm

This paper investigates the art design of user interaction experience in mobile systems through the methods of contextual perception and machine learning. The theoretical foundations for the design of intangible cultural heritage interactive display resources include digital display theory, intangible cultural heritage education theory, embodied cognition theory, and gamification design theory. Based on the modelling and analysis of the theoretical foundations, the design principles are derived, including the heritage education principle, the somatic interaction design principle, and the content design principle. In this paper, we use ontologies to construct user knowledge models, fuse multi-situational similarity metrics, screen out candidate neighbour sets through preliminary screening, then combine the user's activity to construct time-based weight tensor scores, use tensor decomposition to obtain recommendation evaluation values, and finally use the recommendation evaluation values to make artistic recommendations. The experimental results show that the algorithm can still obtain a good recommendation implementation in the case of extremely sparse data. The analysis of the fit between augmented reality and folk art appreciation class, as well as the reference to relevant application cases, make design and practice of augmented reality application in folk art appreciation class, try to solve the common problems in folk art appreciation class, analyse the feedback effect and make a summary and outlook.

PurposeThis research provides a bibliometric review of the state-of-the-art information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the context of events, and maps out an agenda for future directions on how innovations in the technological realm can help fostering sustainability in the events industry.Design/methodology/approachTo explore the progress of ICTs and future applications in events, this study conducts a two-fold method of a bibliometric analysis and a modularity clustering technique based on 293 papers published in the last 30 years.FindingsThe findings offer a snapshot of the past progress to offer a glimpse into the future by formulating novel areas for research that merit attention. By interweaving the past, present and future towards sustainability, an agenda with four concrete areas for research is identified, including (1) virtual events, (2) the use of artificial intelligence, (3) big data technology, and (4) virtual reality and augmented reality in the events industry.Originality/valueThe current global challenges together with the rapid technological progress can particularly give rise to innovations in the technological sector. Through a bibliometric review of past research, this study offers a future research agenda of ICTs in the events sector in light of the Sustainable Development Goals. It contributes with a discussion on how to harvest the technological progress to create more sustainable events.

PurposeThe physically-demanding and repetitive nature of construction work often exposes workers to work-related musculoskeletal injuries. Real-time information about the ergonomic consequences of workers' postures can enhance their ability to control or self-manage their exposures. This study proposes a digital twin framework to improve self-management ergonomic exposures through bi-directional mapping between workers' postures and their corresponding virtual replica.Design/methodology/approachThe viability of the proposed approach was demonstrated by implementing the digital twin framework on a simulated floor-framing task. The proposed framework uses wearable sensors to track the kinematics of workers' body segments and communicates the ergonomic risks via an augmented virtual replica within the worker's field of view. Sequence-to-sequence long short-term memory (LSTM) network is employed to adapt the virtual feedback to workers' performance.FindingsResults show promise for reducing ergonomic risks of the construction workforce through improved awareness. The experimental study demonstrates feasibility of the proposed approach for reducing overexertion of the trunk. Performance of the LSTM network improved when trained with augmented data but at a high computational cost.Research limitations/implicationsSuggested actionable feedback is currently based on actual work postures. The study is experimental and will need to be scaled up prior to field deployment.Originality/valueThis study reveals the potentials of digital twins for personalized posture training and sets precedence for further investigations into opportunities offered by digital twins for improving health and wellbeing of the construction workforce.

Background Technological advancements are the drivers of modern-day spine care. With the growing pressure to deliver faster and better care, surgical-assist technology is needed to harness computing power and enable the surgeon to improve outcomes. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) represent the pinnacle of emerging technology, not only to deliver higher quality education through simulated care, but also to provide valuable intraoperative information to assist in more efficient and more precise surgeries. Objective To describe how the disruptive technologies of VR and AR interface in spine surgery and education. Methods We review the relevance of VR and AR technologies in spine care, and describe the feasibility and limitations of the technologies. Results We discuss potential future applications, and provide a case study demonstrating the feasibility of a VR program for neurosurgical spine education. Conclusion Initial experiences with VR and AR technologies demonstrate their applicability and ease of implementation. However, further prospective studies through multi-institutional and industry-academic partnerships are necessary to solidify the future of VR and AR in spine surgery education and clinical practice.

Virtual and augmented reality allows the utilization of natural user interfaces, such as realistic finger interaction, even for purposes that were previously dominated by the WIMP paradigm. This new form of interaction is particularly suitable for applications involving manipulation tasks in 3D space, such as CAD assembly modeling. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the suitability of natural interaction for CAD assembly modeling in virtual reality. An advantage of the natural interaction compared to the conventional operation by computer mouse would indicate development potential for user interfaces of current CAD applications. Our approach bases on two main elements. Firstly, a novel natural user interface for realistic finger interaction enables the user to interact with virtual objects similar to physical ones. Secondly, an algorithm automatically detects constraints between CAD components based solely on their geometry and spatial location. In order to prove the usability of the natural CAD assembly modeling approach in comparison with the assembly procedure in current WIMP operated CAD software, we present a comparative user study. Results show that the VR method including natural finger interaction significantly outperforms the desktop-based CAD application in terms of efficiency and ease of use.

Enabling technologies include surgical planning software, computer-assisted navigation, intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) imaging, and robotic systems. Presently, these technologies are in various stages of refinement. Spinal robots in particular are currently limited to the positioning of an alignment guide for pedicle screw placement. Current generation spinal robots, therefore, play a more limited role in spinal surgery. In contrast to spinal robots, intraoperative imaging technology has been developed further, to a stage that allows accurate 3D spinal image acquisition that can be readily utilized for spinal navigation. The integration of these various technologies has the potential to maximize the safety, consistency, reliability, and efficacy of surgical procedures. To that end, the trend for manufacturers is to incorporate various enabling technologies into the spinal robotic systems. In the near-term, it is expected that integration of more advanced planning software and navigation will result in wider applicability and value. In the long-term, there are a variety of enabling technologies such as augmented reality that may be a component of spinal robots. This article reviews the features of currently available spinal robots and discusses the likely future advancements of robotic platforms in the near- and long-term.

The article highlights the experience of using infographics and augmented reality elements (QR code markers) to visualise information in the Scientific Library of the Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts: Times of Change and Augmented Reality anniversary scientific publication.

Projektowanie ubioru jako dziedzina wzornictwa przemysłowego o interdyscyplinarnym charakterze jest związane z wykorzystaniem różnych środków wyrazu. Na przestrzeni wieków zawsze była zwierciadłem swoich czasów, używając do ich opisu ówczesnych narzędzi. Dzisiejsze osiągnięcia technologii cyfrowej obejmują całą paletę nowych możliwości dostępnych projektantom i towarzyszą im podczas całego procesu projektowego, począwszy od zapisu koncepcji, na projekcie przestrzeni ekspozycji ubioru kończąc. Jest to widoczne zwłaszcza obecnie, gdy pandemia przyspieszyła pewne procesy na takich polach jak rzeczywistość wirtualna (ang. VR, Virtual reality) i rzeczywistość rozszerzona (ang. AR, Augmented reality) czy sztuczna inteligencja (AI, Artificial intelligence). Jest jeszcze „inna rzeczywistość”, do której musimy się przygotować – rzeczywistość post-COVID, którą wymienione wcześniej rodzaje technologii będą w pewnym sensie z nami „współtworzyć”. Skala i zakres pandemii uruchomiły mechanizm transformacji nieomal równocześnie na całym świecie i we wszystkich dziedzinach, dlatego politycy, naukowcy, artyści zadają pytania: „Jaki będzie ten nowy świat?”, „Jakie wartości ocaleją?”, „Jakie zjawiska zanikną i co powstanie w ich miejsce?”. Planując najbliższą przyszłość, wraz z oczekiwaniami i nadziejami na nowe rozwiązania starych problemów, uświadamiamy sobie również zagrożenia, jakie niesie ze sobą przede wszystkim świat cyfrowy. W poniższym artykule przedstawię wybrane opinie przedstawicieli z różnych dziedzin, nie tylko projektowania ubioru, dotyczące konsekwencji zachodzących przemian, mających wpływ na przyszłość sztuki użytkowej. Ważnym aspektem będzie znaczenie kreatywności w procesie projektowym oraz ochrona wszelkich wartości, które w obliczu rewolucji cyfrowej mogą być zagrożone. Zwłaszcza jako dydaktycy kierunków związanych ze sztuką projektową, oprócz wyposażenia młodych projektantów w niezbędną aktualną wiedzę techniczną, musimy pamiętać o kształtowaniu ich postaw artystycznych w odniesieniu do zachodzących zmian.

Introduction CT-guided interventions are taught using a mentored approach on real patients. It is well established that simulation is a valuable training tool in medicine. This project assessed the feasibility and acceptance of replicating a CT-guided intervention using a bespoke software application with an augmented reality head-mounted display (ARHMD). Methods A virtual patient was generated using a CT dataset obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive. A surface mesh of a virtual patient was projected into the field-of-view of the operator. ChArUco markers, placed on both the needle and agar jelly phantom, were tracked using RGB cameras built into the ARHMD. A virtual CT slice simulating the needle position was generated on voice command. The application was trialled by senior interventional radiologists and trainee radiologists with a structured questionnaire evaluating face validity and technical aspects. Results Sixteen users trialled the application and feedback was received from all. Eleven felt the accuracy and realism was adequate for training and twelve felt more confident about their CT biopsy skills after this training session. Discussion The study showed the feasibility of simulating a CT-guided procedure with augmented reality and that this could be used as a training tool. Key Points • Simulating a CT-guided procedure using augmented reality is possible. • The simulator developed could be an effective training tool for clinical practical skills. • Complexity of cases can be tailored to address the training level demands.

Sports video is loved by the audience because of its unique charm, so it has high research value and application value to analyze and study the video data of competition. Based on the background of football match, this paper studies the football detection and tracking algorithm in football game video and analyzes the real-time image of real-time mobile devices in sports video augmented reality. Firstly, the image is preprocessed by image graying, image denoising, image binarization, and so on. Secondly, Hough transform is used to locate and detect football, and according to the characteristics of football, Hough transform is improved. Based on the good performance of SIFT algorithm in feature matching, a football tracking algorithm based on SIFT feature matching is proposed, which matches the detected football with the sample football. The simulation results show that the improved Hough transform can effectively detect football and has good antijamming performance. And the designed football tracking algorithm based on SIFT feature matching can accurately track the football trajectory; therefore, the football detection and tracking algorithm designed in this paper is suitable for real-time football monitoring and tracking.

PurposeThis paper proposes a model that extends the technology acceptance model (TAM) by identifying factors that influence consumers' acceptance of augmented reality (AR) self-service technologies (AR-based SSTs) in the retail sector, resulting in the Augmented Reality in Retail Model (ARiR Model).Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on an online questionnaire responded to by 284 makeup-using women from Nicaragua and the USA. It is based on an AR mobile app used to shop in retail stores. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling was used to validate the ARiR model and test the hypotheses.FindingsAesthetics and navigation are significant predictors of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use (PEOU), and self-efficacy also explains perceived ease of use. Technology readiness and the need for personal interaction were not found to be influencing factors. A cross-cultural comparison indicated that both countries have similar overall attitudes towards AR-based SSTs.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides insights into the perceived value of, and motives for customer acceptance of, AR-based SSTs, which can serve as guidelines for their future implementation. Furthermore, it validates and confirms the application of the proposed ARiR model for technology acceptance in both developed and developing countries.Practical implicationsThe paper provides new insights for retailers on the implementation of AR at the point of sale.Originality/valueThe model extends the original TAM to AR and introduces five new constructs: need for personal interaction, aesthetics, navigation, self-efficacy and technology readiness. It was tested in both a developing and a developed country.

The article analyzes the positive foreign experience of implementing augmented reality (AR) library projects. It has been found out that the most common uses of augmented reality in libraries today are providing access to information products with augmented reality and their promotion, navigation of library space and resources, promoting user education through the creation of appropriate applications with learning materials and resources and simplification for the user assimilation of information due to the diversity and interactivity of its visual presentation, informing and providing access to cultural heritage sites, organizing tours and exhibitions. Given that the use of AR in libraries not only expands the range of services and resources but also positively affects its reputation as an interactive creative institution, open to users and innovation, AR technology is effective not only in the library service system but also in the marketing activities of the institution, helping to attract new users. Current approaches to the implementation of library projects using augmented reality technology are highlighted. Their assistance in strengthening corporate culture, inter-institutional ties, and civil society is substantiated. It has been proved that the AR applications created as a result of project implementation operate on the principle of integrated information products, which allow the user to access distributed information from one access point via mobile phone, integrating not only information of the virtual space of the Internet environment but also real, physical, space. The advantages of AR implementation in the library have been determined, among which: budget realization, easy integration with available technologies, and promotion of interactivity of library service. The need for professional development of librarians and the organization of training courses on the use of immersive technologies in library activities is emphasized.

Augmented Reality (AR) is the overlapping of the real world and the virtual world. AR is an evolving technology, and its implementation opens up a new direction to multiple types of information access services rendered to the users. The digital library section of the central library IIT Kharagpur has a rich collection of several items like CD/DVD ROMs, Digital Scanners, and VR Devices. Library developed in-house WebAR programs using “ar.js” that support “three.js” and “A-Frame” for Augmented Reality rendering on the web. This study tried to evaluate web-based AR programs’ performance on mobile devices with low-end hardware configuration supporting WebGL and WebRTC. We conducted quantitative research to find the performance of the web-based AR applications using the four independent variables, namely frames per second (fps), request animation frame (raf), load time (lt), entity object (eo). The paper is also helpful to the academic librarians who think about implementing augmented reality library services with no cost involved. The AR-based information service is beneficial to library users with new COVID norms1, as the user does not need to touch anything to get the information. Instead, it gets into his/ her mobile device.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought difficult times to anatomy educators and medical/dental students. Under normal circumstances, gross anatomy classes give students opportunities to touch and observe human bones and cadaveric tissues, thus enhancing their understanding; such morphology is difficult to learn from textbooks alone. As many studies have shown, three-dimensional (3D) technologies used in online lectures can serve as alternatives to real specimens for providing knowledge of anatomy. However, such technologies are often expensive. The goal of this study was to create 3D anatomy models for online lectures using a free cellphone app. Free application software (Qlone) was used to create 3D anatomical models. The extracranium and intracranium of adult skull, fetal skull, mandible, temporal bone, second cervical vertebra, and ilium were all scanned and exported to the computer in 3D format. A total of 53 anatomical structures were evaluated by nine observers. Although the 53 structures used in this study did not include all the structures that students need to learn, visibility was good/acceptable for most of the 53. The free and simple 3D scanning app used in this study could enable anatomy educators to provide better content to students during online lectures.

The article has dealt with the current trends of communication aspects of company’s relations with the customers. The emphasis is placed on the necessity to review the companies’ marketing strategies, in particular, due to communication constraints and the corresponding changes in the format of both direct and feedback with the customers. Restrictive measures have changed the format of competition, having created the conditions for its concentration in cyberspace. Changes in the nature of interpersonal communication predetermined by the limited personal activity and the introduction of remote forms of interaction, have generated demand for innovative ways of communication with customers. Other factors that require the adjustment of marketing strategies include the emergence of new behavioral capabilities of consumers associated with the intensive development of digital communication channels. It has been noted that in the digital communication environment, digital platforms provide the main format of communication with the existing customer base and potential customers. In addition, prompt acquisition and processing of data on purchasing behavior of customers allows companies to increase significantly the “sensitivity” of marketing research and optimize their own marketing decisions. Among the areas of increasing targeting and personalization of product offerings, the use of elements of artificial intelligence and voice search has been accentuated. Moreover, the use of artificial intelligence greatly facilitates and simplifies the work of marketers on the processing and initial analysis of the growing flow of digital marketing data, as well as provides greater efficiency. It has been concluded that widespread use of voice assistants in e-commerce requires companies to rethink radically their approaches to internal data processing, IT investment and customer engagement strategies. Active integration of chatbots into various communication platforms is able to make them universal tools for both business and consumers, which will allow them to become a familiar part of the user experience. Implementation of virtual reality and augmented reality elements in the interface of company websites can significantly diversify the process of collecting information by users and push them to unplanned purchases. It has been indicated that the growing standards of personalization and new rules of customer confidentiality will continue to require companies to be flexible and introduce new technologies in order to adapt permanently their business to new conditions. Focusing on building trust with customers based on digital communications will enable companies to create a long-term integrated marketing strategy and concentrate on the multi-channel nature of customer experience.

The present study reviews the augmented reality application in the education area. Justification of the use is to improve the learning motivation and outcome of students through the use of a deep learning approach. A deep learning approach is associated with better academic performances. Augmented reality provides a tool to motivate learning and understanding in the student. In the medical domain, augmented reality may serve as replacement of cadavers especially during online learning. The main aim of the current review is to reflect the use of augmented reality as a teaching and learning tool to motivate and promote the deep learning approach process which includes life-long learning and possible research areas that warrant and assess the impact of augmented reality on academic performance. Augmented reality may be a tool in complementing the learning aids of the conventional methods of teaching and learning.

Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are modern days technological phenomenon that are equipped with powerful ability to revolutionize education and research. The present insight not only outlines the caveats of traditional teaching, but explores the current and potential applications of VR, AR, and AI in the field of orthodontic teaching and research. The digital technology world immersed in artificial intelligence not only enhances the ability of both student and educator in assimilating and imparting knowledge, respectively, but also, helps to create a symbiotic relationship with each other. Also, emphasis is laid on understanding and implementing the interaction of strategic framework, professionalism and patient care delivery in the era of AI, VR, and AR in order to support dynamic engagements in a pedagogical, ethically-appropriate, community-centred, culturally-sensitive and economically-feasible teaching and research milieu

Background Virtual reality (VR) allows for presurgical planning. Intraoperatively, augmented reality (AR) enables integration of segmented anatomic information with neuronavigation into the microsurgical scene to provide guidance without workflow disruption. Combining VR and AR solutions may help guide microsurgical technique to improve safety, efficiency, and ergonomics. Objective To describe a VR/AR platform that provides VR planning and intraoperative guidance via microscope ocular injection of a comprehensive AR overlay of patient-specific 360°/3D anatomic model aligned and synchronized with neuronavigation. Methods Custom 360° models from preoperative imaging of 49 patients were utilized for preoperative planning using a VR-based surgical rehearsal platform. Each model was imported to SyncAR, the platform's intraoperative counterpart, which was coregistered with Medtronic StealthStation S8 and Zeiss or Leica microscope. The model was injected into the microscope oculars and referenced throughout by adjusting overlay opacity. For anatomic shifts or misalignment, the overlay was reregistered via manual realignment with known landmarks. Results No SyncAR-related complications occurred. SyncAR contributed positively to the 3D understanding of patient-specific anatomy and ability to operate. Preoperative planning and intraoperative AR with 360° models allowed for more precise craniotomy planning and execution. SyncAR was useful for guiding dissection, identifying critical structures including hidden anatomy, understanding regional anatomy, and facilitating resection. Manual realignment was performed in 48/49 surgeries. Gross total resection was achieved in 34/40 surgeries. All aneurysm clipping and microvascular decompression procedures were completed without complications. Conclusion SyncAR combined with VR planning has potential to enhance surgical performance by providing critical information in a user-friendly, continuously available, heads-up display format.

For a long time, Graphic design was specialized in the production of printed materials for example magazines, newspapers, books, flyers, advertising posters …etc. However, the development in the field of information technology added a lot to graphic design, it came with a standalone branch called "Multimedia", which deals with computer graphics - without the need to print them - and forms them in a dynamic framework such as movies, With the ability to use sound effects, and the most popular programs dealing with this type of design is "3d Max, Maya, Macromedia Director, Adobe Flash, & Multimedia Builder". Even hand-drawn animation became drawing and moving by computer in a much less time than before. There are different types of animations but not limited to 2D animations, 3D animations, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality …etc. The importance of the research is due to the fact that in our time, it has become of great importance to deeply use the concept and methods of graphic processing of advertising campaigns using augmented reality and three-dimensional hologram imaging and give a special character in those animated advertising campaigns. Change graphic designers' thinking about graphic designs using hologram imaging and mix it with augmented reality. It is in our modern age that it has become a phenomenon in the field of graphic design, and it must be studied with an examination to find out its results on modern thought, especially in the field of advertising and graphic advertising campaigns.