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Flow is thought to occur when both task difficulty and individual ability are high. Flow experiences are highly rewarding and are associated with well-being. Importantly, media use can be a source of flow. Communication scholars have a long history of theoretical inquiry into how flow biases media selection, how different media content results in flow, and how flow influences media processing and effects. However, the neurobiological basis of flow during media use is not well understood, limiting our explanatory capacity to specify how media contribute to flow or well-being. Here, we show that flow is associated with a flexible and modular brain-network topology, which may offer an explanation for why flow is simultaneously perceived as high-control and effortless, even when the task difficulty is high. Our study tests core predictions derived from synchronization theory, and our results provide qualified support for the theory while also suggesting important theoretical updates.

The authors examined the composition of biocrystalline structures (anisomorphones) of blood serum in patients with laryngeal cancer. Such structures are formed when blood serum becomes solid, i.e. during its marginal dehydration. The revealed anisomorphones represent three types of marker structures: a marker of a malignant tumor active growth (the aggregation of macroferolite and granular microspherolite with the same degree of anisotropy); a marker of a degenerative-dystrophic process (the aggregation of a macrospherolite with a low degree of anisotropy and microspherolite with a high degree of anisotropy); a marker of a malignant growth progression (a wavy microspherolite without aggregation). The aim of the study is to identify diagnostic markers of the malignant process activity in the solid phase structures of the blood serum in patients with laryngeal cancer and to assess their importance for choosing an effective therapy. Materials and Methods. Marginal dehydration of blood serum was used as the main research method. It is a part of the "Litos-system" diagnostic technology (Marketing authorization FS No. 155, of 2009). Results. It has been shown that the developmental phase of laryngeal cancer (active growth or degenerative-dystrophic process) is an important criterion for choosing treatment options. Surgical treatment is the most effective during the degenerative-dystrophic tumor process, while radiation therapy is preferable during the active phase of malignant growth. Key words: laryngeal cancer, blood serum, marginal dehydration of biological fluids, markers of tumor growth activity. Исследован состав биокристаллических структур (анизоморфонов) сыворотки крови больных раком гортани, которые формируются при переходе сыворотки крови в твердую фазу в процессе ее краевой дегидратации. Выявленные анизоморфоны представляют собой три вида маркерных структур: маркер активного роста злокачественной опухоли – агрегация макросферолита и зернистого микросферолита с одинаковой степенью анизотропии; маркер дегенеративно-дистрофического процесса – агрегация макросферолита с низкой степенью анизотропии и микросферолита с высокой степенью анизотропии; маркер прогрессии злокачественного роста – волнистый микросферолит вне агрегации. Цель – выявить диагностические маркеры активности злокачественного процесса в структурах твердой фазы сыворотки крови больных раком гортани и оценить их значение для выбора эффективного вида лечения. Материалы и методы. В качестве основного метода исследования использован метод краевой дегидратации сыворотки крови, являющийся разделом диагностической технологии «Литос-система» (Разрешение ФС № 155 от 2009 г. на применение в клинической практике). Результаты. Показано, что фаза развития рака гортани (активный рост или дегенеративно-дистрофический процесс) служит важным критерием выбора вида лечения: в фазу дегенеративно-дистрофического процесса опухоли наиболее благоприятный эффект дает хирургическое лечение, а в период активной фазы злокачественного роста – лучевая терапия. Ключевые слова: рак гортани, сыворотка крови, краевая дегидратация биологических жидкостей, маркеры фазы активности опухолевого роста.

The results of the study dealing with the level of neurotization in patients with cholelithiasis in dynamics on the 1st-2nd days after surgery, in 6 months and in 5 years after surgery are presented. The aim of the work was to study the impact of intracrisis psychotherapeutic intervention on the recovery of patients with cholelithiasis in the near and long term. Already on the 1st-2nd days after the operation, a decrease in situational anxiety was detected in patients who had undergone psychotherapy, and after 6 months all indicators of anxiety-depression disorders did not differ from those of healthy people, while in patients without psychotherapy, the indicators of situational, personal anxiety and depression remained significantly higher than those in the control group of healthy people. In 5 years after discharge, the primary incidence of non-psychotic mental disorders in patients with cholelithiasis was 20.3%, and in patients who underwent intracrisis intervention - 2.7%. Thus, the implementation of intracrisis psychotherapeutic intervention improves the long-term results of treatment of patients with cholelithiasis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial sclerosis resulting from hypertension slows CSF transportation in the perivascular spaces, showing the intrinsic relationship between the CSF and the blood vasculature. However, the exact effect of hypertension on human CSF flow dynamics remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate CSF flow dynamics in treatment-naive patients with essential hypertension using phase-contrast cine MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 60 never-treated patients with essential hypertension and 60 subjects without symptomatic atherosclerosis. CSF flow parameters, such as forward flow volume, forward peak velocity, reverse flow volume, reverse peak velocity, average flow, and net flow volume, were measured with phase-contrast cine MR imaging. Differences between the 2 groups were assessed to determine the independent determinants of these CSF flow parameters. RESULTS: Forward flow volume, forward peak velocity, reverse flow volume, reverse peak velocity, and average flow in the patients with hypertension significantly decreased (all, P

In the paper, a combined model of traction and ball bearings dynamics is established, considering the interaction among the cage, races, and balls. A curve-fitted traction model, which can be used to analyze the effect of the geometry of the bearing and parameters of the lubricant, is applied. The traction that is affected by certain parameters is analyzed; then, the effect of the traction on ball bearings is investigated. The displacements of balls and contact angles are different under different surface roughness. The changes in displacements of balls and contact angles are obtained with different roughness, load, and velocities. The amplitudes of axial displacement of balls are bigger with the roughness being higher. The amplitudes of ball-inner contact angles increase with greater roughness, and the amplitudes of ball-outer race contact angles decrease with greater roughness. The simulated vibration results of ball bearings under different levels agree with the actual by the model.

Despite the common use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum level as a tumour marker in diagnosis of prostate cancer, it seems that the PSA doubling time (PSADT) and PSA velocity (PSAV) could be more useful indicators of tumour behaviour and prognosis for patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of PSAV and PSADT in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and their relationship with prostate cancer histopathological characteristics. Eighty-six patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were enrolled in the study. Based on the PSA measurements the PSA dynamic values were calculated: PSADT and PSAV. In addition, clinical and histo-pathological characteristics, including disease stage and prognostic groups were evaluated. The obtained results showed that the first PSA value was 4.29 ng/ml (1.28–13.56), the second PSA value was 7.76 ng/ml (7.60–47.60), and the third PSA value was 9.67 ng/ml (2.56–98.50). The median PSADT was 51.01 months (7.80–311.81) and the median PSAV was 2.66 ng/ml/per year (0.22–4.66). In addition, significant correlations between PSAV and pre- and post-operative Gleason score, and prognostic groups were observed. Significant correlation between PSADT and pre- and pos-toperative Gleason score and prognostic risk groups was demonstrated. This study demonstrated that PSAV and PSADT were significantly correlated with postoperative Gleason score and prognostic risk groups, demonstrating its role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer progression.

Актуальность. Иммунная система представляет собой совокупность лимфоидной ткани, которая во взаимосвязи с другими адаптационными системами организма осуществляет специфический антигенно-структурный гомеостаз внутренней среды. Поэтому цель данного исследования — изучение динамики маркеров клеточного звена иммунитета у больных с повышенным индексом массы тела (ИМТ) при политравме. Материалы и методы. У 224 больных с политравмой с разной стартовой цифрой ИМТ в период 1-й день — 1 год с момента получения повреждений было проанализировано иммунологическое состояние — субпопуляционный состав лимфоцитов. Пациенты имели одинаковую тяжесть состояния на момент поступления по шкале АРАСНЕ ІІ — 14,0 ± 5,8 балла и были распределены на 3 стратифицированные клинические группы в зависимости от стартовых цифр антропометрических показателей и ИМТ. Так, в I группу вошли 88 пациентов с ИМТ на момент поступления до 29,9 (26,1 ± 3,1) кг/м2; во II группу — 84 больных с ИМТ на момент поступления 30,0–39,9 (35,2 ± 3,8) кг/м2; в III группу — 52 больных с ИМТ на момент поступления > 40,0 (46,2 ± 5,8) кг/м2. Контрольную группу составили 60 добровольцев. Исследование проводилось на 1-е, 3-и, 7, 14, 30 и 360-е сутки с момента получения политравмы. Результаты. Для больных с ИМТ ≥ 29,9 кг/м2 характерен кратковременный слабовыраженный дисбаланс регуляторных Т-клеток и Т-дефицит, что максимально проявляется в первую неделю заболевания, носит приспособительный характер, раннее восстановление (до 14-х суток) функций клеточного иммунитета, отсутствие следовой реакции в отдаленные сроки. Для больных с ИМТ 30,0–39,9 кг/м2 характерен Т-дефицит, что максимально проявляется в течение первого ее месяца, сочетается с незначительным дисбалансом субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов, снижением мембранных функций этих клеток в сроки до 1 месяца, наличием удаленной неинтенсивной следовой реакции в виде снижения количества Т-лимфоцитов, Т-супрессоров, Т-активных лимфоцитов до нижней границы нормальных значений, высокоамплитудные колебания Т-хелперов/индукторов, с нарушением мембранных функций в сроки до 1 года. Для больных с ИМТ ≥ 40,0 кг/м2 характерен Т-дефицит во все сроки обследования с максимально выраженной интенсивностью. Наибольшие его проявления были определены в первый месяц болезни и сохранялись даже до 1 года. Отмечено снижение Т-лимфоцитов на 40 % и более от нормальных значений, которое сохранялось более одной недели и не имело тенденции к дальнейшему росту, прогрессирующее снижение Т-активных лимфоцитов более чем на 40 %, что сопровождалось выраженным нарушением взаимодействия регуляторных Т-клеток (Т-хелперов и Т-супрессоров). Выводы. Таким образом, у больных с повышенным индексом массы тела в каждой из групп сравнения был обнаружен индивидуальный ответ на механическую травму, что, скорее всего, обусловлено стартовым ИМТ исследуемых пациентов.

In our work we aimed to conduct a fundamental study of the process of morphological disorganization of the structural components of the mucous membrane and cartilage of the larynx at the end of the 28 and 35 days of experimental opioid effects at the microstructural level. This information in the future will allow to form a pathomorphological base, which will be used to compare the components of the mucous membrane and cartilage of the larynx in the norm with the dynamics of their changes as a result of experimental opioid effects at different times.

The implementation of state programs in the feld of health protection, in particular to combat excessive alcohol consumption and associated mortality, naturally entails the need for regular and thorough monitoring the relevant indicators and determine the effectiveness of the measures taken. The authors of the study, in order to determine the dynamics of the rates of alcohol poisoning fatal cases, carried out an analysis of the statistical data. It is concluded that there is a tendency towards a gradual decrease in the studied indicator in various federal districts of Russian Federation, which determines the effectiveness of measures taken to combat excessive alcohol consumption, and also federal districts were identifed where additional measures are required.

The neuromuscular system responds to perturbation and increasing locomotor task difficulty by altering the stability of neuromuscular output signals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two different military load carriage systems on the dynamic stability of gait and muscle activation signals. 14 army office cadets (20 ± 1 years) performed 4-minute treadmill walking trials on level (0%) and uphill (10%) gradients while unloaded, and with 11 kg backpack and 11 kg webbing loads while the activity of 6 leg and trunk muscles and the motion of the centre of mass (COM) were recorded. Loaded and uphill walking decreased stability and increased magnitude of muscle activations compared to loaded and level gradient walking. Backpack loads increased the medio-lateral stability of COM and uphill walking decreased stability of vertical COM motion and increased stride time variability. However, there was no difference between the two load carriage systems for any variable. The reduced stability of muscle activations in loaded and uphill conditions indicates an impaired ability of the neuromuscular control systems to accommodate perturbations in these conditions which may have implications on the operational performance of military personnel. However, improved medio-lateral stability in backpack conditions may indicate that participants were able to compensate for the loads used in this study, despite the decreased vertical stability and increased stride time variability evident in uphill walking. This study did not find differences between load carriage systems however, specific load carriage system effects may be elicited by greater load carriage masses.Highlights Loaded and uphill walking decreased dynamic stability of muscle activationsLower activation stability indicates impaired neuromotor resistance to perturbationBackpack and webbing loads produced similar effects on muscle activations.

Aim: to establish the patterns of changes in leukocyte blood parameters to determine their diagnostic significance in the different activity of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in children. Materials and methods. 370 5-18-year children (198 boys, 172 girls) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were examined. Leukocytic blood parameters, concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), faecal calprotectin (FC) levels were determined. Changes in clinical activity in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) cases were determined using pediatric activity indices: PCDAI and PUCAI, respectively. Analysis of endoscopic activity in 160 CD and UC patients was determined using the scales: SES-CD and UCEIS, respectively. Results. It was found that with an increase in the clinical activity of CD in children, the absolute numbers of leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes did not change significantly. In contrast, a significant increase in neutrophil reactivity was noted. In patients with high endoscopic CD activity an increase in the absolute number of monocytes and neutrophil reactivity was found. In patients with high clinical activity of UC, an increase in the number of leukocytes and the absolute number of neutrophils was found. At the same time, the granularity and reactivity of neutrophils increased from remission to moderate and high clinical activity of UC. In children with high endoscopic UC activity, the number of leukocytes, the absolute number of neutrophils and monocytes increased. At the same time, the granularity of neutrophils significantly increased as the endoscopic activity of UC increased from remission to moderate activity. Leukocyte parameters in UC patients correlated moderately with FC level, and the absolute number of neutrophils was closely related to its content. The granularity and reactivity of neutrophils positively correlated with ESR and CRP levels in children with CD and CRP concentrations in children with UC. Conclusion. The established patterns of changes in the quantitative composition of leukocytes and their functional properties (reactivity and granularity) are directly determined by the different activity of IBD in children and have diagnostic value

In the present study, the dynamics of the tendon system of a tension-leg platform (TLP) is investigated through the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). Based on the energy conversion principle, the stiffness, generalized elastic force, external load and mass matrices of the element are deduced to perform the element assembling by using the finite element method. Then the motion equation of the tendon/riser is established. In this study, the TLP in the International Ship Structures Committee (ISSC) model under the first and second wave forces is considered as the case study. The simulation is performed in the MATLAB environment. Moreover, the accuracy and reliability of the programs are verified for cases of beam model with theoretical solutions. It is found that the motion response of tendons is affected by the TLP movement and environmental load, simultaneously. Then, the motion response is calculated using the SESAM software and exported as the boundary of ANCF tendons. Finally, the static and dynamic characteristics of the four tendons of ISSC TLP are analyzed systematically by the ANCF method. Performed analysis proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the ANCF method. It is concluded that the proposed method is a powerful scheme for calculating the dynamics of tendon/riser in the field of ocean engineering.

New experimental and clinical findings question the historic view of hydrocephalus and its 100-year-old classification. In particular, real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and detailed insights into brain water regulation on the molecular scale indicate the existence of at least three main mechanisms that determine the dynamics of neurofluids: (1) inspiration is a major driving force; (2) adequate filling of brain ventricles by balanced CSF upsurge is sensed by cilia; and (3) the perivascular glial network connects the ependymal surface to the pericapillary Virchow–Robin spaces. Hitherto, these aspects have not been considered a common physiologic framework, improving knowledge and therapy for severe disorders of normal-pressure and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, spontaneous intracranial hypotension, and spaceflight disease.

Under the conditions of a chronic methionine diet (daily addition of amino acids to food (0.15 g/100 g) and water (1% solution)) during 2–12 weeks, the dynamics of liver tests, infl ammatory changes in the blood and blood lipids was monitored. It was found that a methionine diet (MD) leads, starting from 4 weeks of MD, to medium hyperhomocysteinemia, an increase in liver enzymes (AsAT – 1.73, AlAT – 1.5 times, p

Purpose. To assess the state of the choroid in patients with HLA-B27-associated anterior uveitis without detectable lesions of the macular zone by ophthalmoscopy. Material and methods. 22 patients with HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis without detectable changes in the macular zone by ophthalmoscopy – the main group. Age: 39.02±13.76 years, men – 16 and women – 8. Best corrected visual acuity varied from 0.1 to 0.5 (average 0.3). The level of intraocular pressure according to Maklakov in all eyes varied from 15 to 22 mm Hg. The parameters of paired intact eyes of patients served as a control. The subfoveal choroid thickness (CT) was determined using optical coherence tomography in comparison with paired intact eyes before treatment and 2 weeks after its initiation. Results. The initial values of the CT indexes in the main group varied from 337 to 371 μm, averaging 354±8 μm. This is statistically significantly higher than in intact paired eyes 255±7 μm (from 246 to 268 μm), p

The aim of the work is to determine the dynamics of the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the abdominal cavity in the Bukovina region and possible determinants. Material and methods. The study was performed on the basis of RMNE "Chernivtsi Regional Clinical Oncology Center" and Clinic of Oncology of Bukovinian State Medical University and covers observation materials during 2015-2019 and statistical reporting on 102,247 cases of tumors of various localizations. The indicators were calculated using Access and Excel software packages based on the Microsoft Office environment. The results. The total number of malignant neoplasms of different localizations is relatively stable throughout the study period and ranged from 19903 to 21259 cases per year (average 20449.4±508.2 registered during the year). Neoplasms of the abdominal cavity are about the third of the total number of tumors of different localization with a certain tendency to grow. The distribution of patients with neoplasms of the abdominal cavity by stages of development is relatively uniform, despite significant variations in different localizations of tumors. Conclusions. A significant part of tumors of the abdominal cavity is diagnosed in the late (III-IV) stages of the pathological process, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment. Significant differences in the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of neoplasms of various abdominal organs have been identified, which requires further study.

Aim. To determine the effects of vibration therapy devices exposure with a constant and aperiodic frequency of vibrations on the tissue of the biceps muscle of the shoulder. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 10 volunteers aged 24-35 years. the program Adobe Audition CC 2020, the device for vibration therapy with a constant vibration frequency “Charm 1-t”, the device for vibration therapy with an aperiodic vibration frequency “Individual massager with a pseudo-boiling layer” (MI EPS), the robotic biomechanical diagnostic and training complex with biological feedback CON-TREX were used. The measurement of the maximum strength of the biceps brachii muscle was carried out once to detect sensitivity to vibration, and then during 7 days for the dynamics of power characteristics. The maximum force was measured before exposure to vibrotherapy devices and immediately after exposure using the isokinetic classical mode of operation of the diagnostic system. Results. In a single measurement of biceps strength on one shoulder in a group of women, the average increase in muscle strength after using the Charm 1-T device was 0.8 N (2.3%), after using MI EPS – 1.9 N (6.4%). In the group of men, the average increase in muscle strength after using the device “Charm 1-T” was 1.9 N (3.2%), after using “MI EPS” – 4.6 N (7.2%). At the seven-day follow-up, the average increase in strength in the group of women on the right hand after using the Charm 1-T device was 21.8% (5.6 N), on the left hand after using MI EPS, the increase was 23.2% (6.1 N). In the group of men, the average increase in strength on the right hand after using “Charm 1-T” was 53% (30.7 N), on the left hand after using “MI EPS” – 15.5% (11.5 N). Conclusion. All participants in the study groups were determined to be sensitive to both types of vibration exposure. The study participants demonstrated an increase in strength indicators when testing the biceps muscle of the shoulder, and there was also an improvement in the tolerability of the procedure itself.

В статье анализируется роль микроциркуляторных нарушений в патогенезе рубцовых изменений кожи, в том числе у пациентов с проявлениями метаболического синдрома. Исходные показатели микроциркуляторно-тканевых систем у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом свидетельствуют о более низких значениях уровня общей перфузии, чем у пациентов без признаков метаболических нарушений, что свидетельствует об угнетающем влиянии инсулинорезистентности на микроциркуляцию. Выявленная положительная динамика показателей микроциркуляторно-тканевой системы при проведении ультрафонофореза ферменкола в сочетании с методикой фракционной лазерной терапии позволяет рассматривать сосуды микроциркуляторного звена в качестве основной мишени при проведении коррекции рубцовых изменений кожи. Наблюдаемое через 4 недели после заключительной процедуры усиление нутритивного компонента кровотока и связанного с ним повышения скорости потребления кислорода и уровня окислительного метаболизма указывает на формирование пролонгированного эффекта. Преимущественное влияние рассмотренного способа коррекции рубцо-измененной кожи на отдельные компартменты микроциркуляторно-тканевой системы свидетельствует об эффективности технологии комплексного применения фракционного фототермолиза и ультрафонофореза коллагеназ, обладающей патогенетически ориентированным терапевтическим действием. Наличие в качестве фонового заболевания метаболического синдрома существенно ограничивает выраженность корригирующего эффекта, что обуславливает необходимость применения средств и методов из арсенала восстановительной медицины на основе преимущественного использования немедикаментозных лечебных факторов, которые, обладая выраженным саногенетическим потенциалом, позволяют максимально полно восстановить нарушенные функции при метаболическом синдроме и улучшить качество жизни человека The article analyzes the role of microcirculatory disorders in the pathogenesis of cicatricial changes in the skin, including in patients with manifestations of metabolic syndrome. The initial parameters of microcirculatory-tissue systems in patients with metabolic syndrome indicate lower values of the level of general perfusion than in patients without signs of metabolic disorders, which indicates the inhibitory effect of insulin resistance on microcirculation. The revealed positive dynamics of the indicators of the microcirculatory-tissue system during ultraphonophoresis of fermencol in combination with the method of fractional laser therapy allows us to consider the vessels of the microcirculatory link as the main target when correcting cicatricial changes in the skin. The increase in the nutritional component of the blood flow and the associated increase in the rate of oxygen consumption and the level of oxidative metabolism observed 4 weeks after the final procedure indicates the formation of a prolonged effect. The predominant influence of the considered method of correction of scar-altered skin on individual compartments of the microcirculatory-tissue system indicates the effectiveness of the technology of complex application of fractional photothermolysis and ultraphonophoresis of collagenases, which has a pathogenetically oriented therapeutic effect. The presence of metabolic syndrome as a background disease significantly limits the severity of the corrective effect, which necessitates the use of means and methods from the arsenal of restorative medicine based on the predominant use of non-drug therapeutic factors, which, having a pronounced sanogenetic potential, allow the most complete restoration of impaired functions in MS and improve the quality human life

Background The etiology of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains elusive due to the tissue and cellular heterogeneity of the affected brain regions that underlie cognitive impairments and subsequent neurological disorders. This complexity is further exacerbated by disrupted circuits within and between cell populations across brain regions and the periphery, which occur at different timescales and in spatial domains. Methods We profiled three tissues (hippocampus, frontal cortex, and blood leukocytes) at the acute (24-hr) and subacute (7-day) phases of mTBI at single cell resolution. Results We demonstrated that the coordinated gene expression patterns across cell types were disrupted and re-organized by TBI at different timescales with distinct regional and cellular patterns. Gene expression-based network modeling implied astrocytes as a key regulator of the cell-cell coordination following mTBI in both hippocampus and frontal cortex across timepoints, and mt-Rnr2, which encodes the mitochondrial peptide humanin, as a potential target for intervention based on its broad regional and dynamic dysregulation following mTBI. Treatment of a murine mTBI model with humanin reversed cognitive impairment caused by mTBI through the restoration of metabolic pathways within astrocytes. Conclusions Our results offer a systems-level understanding of the dynamic and spatial regulation of gene programs by mTBI and pinpoint key target genes, pathways, and cell circuits that are amenable to therapeutics.

BACKGROUND Visualization of aortic valve dynamics is important in diagnosing valvular diseases but is challenging to perform with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to the limited temporal resolution. PURPOSE To develop an MRI technique with sub-millisecond temporal resolution and demonstrate its application in visualizing rapid aortic valve opening and closing in human subjects in comparison with echocardiography and conventional MRI techniques. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Twelve healthy subjects. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T; gradient-echo-train-based sub-millisecond periodic event encoded imaging (get-SPEEDI) and balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP). ASSESSMENT Images were acquired using get-SPEEDI with a temporal resolution of 0.6 msec. get-SPEEDI was triggered by an electrocardiogram so that each echo in the gradient echo train corresponded to an image at a specific time point, providing a time-resolved characterization of aortic valve dynamics. For comparison, bSSFP was also employed with 12 msec and 24 msec temporal resolutions, respectively. The durations of the aortic valve rapid opening (Tro ), rapid closing (Trc ), and the maximal aortic valve area (AVA) normalized to height were measured with all three temporal resolutions. M-mode echocardiograms with a temporal resolution of 0.8 msec were obtained for further comparison. STATISTICAL TEST Parameters were compared between the three sequences, together with the echocardiography results, with a Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Significantly shorter Tro (mean ± SD: 27.5 ± 6.7 msec) and Trc (43.8 ± 11.6 msec) and larger maximal AVA/height (2.01 ± 0.29 cm2 /m) were measured with get-SPEEDI compared to either bSSFP sequence (Tro of 56.3 ± 18.8 and 63.8 ± 20.2 msec; Trc of 68.2 ± 16.6 and 72.8 ± 18.2 msec; maximal AVA/height of 1.63 ± 0.28 and 1.65 ± 0.32 cm2 /m for 12 msec and 24 msec temporal resolutions, respectively, P

Simultaneous and continuous joint angle estimation plays an important role in motion intention recognition and rehabilitation training. A surface electromyography (sEMG) state-space model is proposed to estimate simultaneous and continuous lower-limb-joint movements from sEMG signals in this article. The model combines the forward dynamics with Hill-based muscle model (HMM), making the extended model capable of estimating the lower-limb-joint motion directly. sEMG features including root-mean-square and wavelet coefficients are then extracted to construct a measurement equation used to reduce system error and external disturbances. With the proposed model, unscented Kalman filter is used to estimate joint angle from sEMG signals. In the experiments, sEMG signals were recorded from ten subjects during muscle contraction involving three lower-limb-joint motions (knee-joint motion, ankle-joint motion, and simultaneous knee-ankle-joint motion). Comprehensive experiments are conducted on three motions and the results show that the mean root–mean–square error for knee-joint motion, ankle-joint motion, and simultaneous motion of the proposed model are 5.1143°, 5.2647°, and 6.3941°, respectively, and significant improvements are demonstrated compared with the traditional methods.

Purpose Magnetic resonance image (MRI) guided radiation therapy has the potential to improve outcomes for glioblastoma by adapting to tumor changes during radiation therapy. This study quantifies interfraction dynamics (tumor size, position, and geometry) based on sequential magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained during standard 6-week chemoradiation. Methods and Materials Sixty-one patients were prospectively imaged with gadolinium-enhanced T1 (T1c) and T2/FLAIR axial sequences at planning (Fx0), fraction 10 (Fx10), fraction 20 (Fx20), and 1 month after the final fraction of chemoradiation therapy (P1M). Gross tumor volumes (GTVs) and clinical target volumes (CTVs) were contoured at all time points. Target dynamics were quantified by absolute volume (V), volume relative to Fx0 (Vrel), and the migration distance (dmigrate; the linear displacement of the GTV or CTV relative to Fx0). Temporal changes were assessed using a linear mixed-effects model. Results Median volumes at Fx0, Fx10, Fx20, and P1M for the GTV were 18.4 cm3 (range, 1.1–110.5 cm3), 14.7 cm3 (range, 0.9–115.1 cm3), 13.7 cm3 (range, 0.6–174.2 cm3), and 13.0 cm3 (range, 0.9–76.3 cm3), respectively, with corresponding median Vrel of 0.88 at Fx10, 0.77 at Fx20, and 0.71 at P1M relative to Fx0 (P 5 mm during chemoradiation therapy. Conclusions Clinically meaningful tumor dynamics were observed during chemoradiation therapy for glioblastoma, supporting evaluation of daily MRI guided radiation therapy and treatment plan adaptation.

Среди наиболее значимых заболеваний человека 4-е место, после сердечно-сосудистых, онкологических заболеваний и сахарного диабета, занимает остеопороз. Целью нашей работы было сравнение влияния 3- и 6-месячного введения аторвастатина (ATV) и α-кальцидола (α-К) на морфологические показатели костной ткани лабораторных крыс. Эксперимент проводился в течение 3-х и 6-ти месяцев на 240 лабораторных крысах, разделенных на 5 групп: интактные; «плацебо» (внутрижелудочное введение эквивалентного препаратам объёма 1% крахмала); животные, внутрижелудочно получавшие только ATV; животные, внутрижелудочно получавшие α-К и животные, внутрижелудочно получавшие ATV и α-К. Эвтаназия осуществлялась под эфирным наркозом. Кусочки бедренной кости размером 0,5 см выпиливали в области проксимального метафиза, а ветви нижнечелюстной кости – диастемы. Зону роста пропитывали серебром по Лилли и окрашивали по Ванн-Гизону. Исследование гистосрезов проводили на микроскопе Olympus BX-40. Размер вновь образованной костной ткани, окрашенной солями серебра в черный цвет, измеряли с помощью программы ImageScope-M. Количество сосудов считали в 10 полях зрения с расчетом среднего значения. Статистический анализ данных проведен с помощью пакета прикладных программ R 3.6.3 с учетом соответствия закону нормального распределения и применением поправок на множественные исследования. Отличия считали статистически значимыми при p-значении

The paper presents the analysis of possibilities and limitations of using the thermal imaging to monitor the dynamics of temperature field caused by a short-term cryoablation of skin. It is shown that the method allows to remote and intraoperative control the dynamics of the freezing zone diameter as well as to estimate the current diameter of primary cryonecrosis zone. The diameter of primary cryonecrosis zone for this type of tissues reaches 13 mm, which makes it possible to destroy small morbid growth by low temperatures even with a short-term (30 s) croexposure. The using of this method to monitor the process of natural warming has shown the presence of long quasi-stable stage in dynamics of the freezing zone diameter with a slight change in the temperature field. This fact is likely due to structural changes in frozen tissues.

DYNAMICS OF THE CONTENT OF MARKERS OF BONE TISSUE METABOLISM IN THE ORAL LIQUID OF PATIENTS WITH INJURY OF THE JAW AND FACIAL AREA

Ultrafast laser-induced ablation is a complex function of many coupled parameters including laser intensity, pulse duration, optical wavelength, material thermophysical properties, and grain size. ...

In diffuse optics, quantitative assessment of the human brain is confounded by the skull and scalp. To better understand these superficial tissues, we advance interferometric near-infrared spectroscopy (iNIRS) to form images of the human superficial forehead blood flow index (BFI). We present a null source–collector (S-C) polarization splitting approach that enables galvanometer scanning and eliminates unwanted backscattered light. Images show an order-of-magnitude heterogeneity in superficial dynamics, implying an order-of-magnitude heterogeneity in brain specificity, depending on forehead location. Along the time-of-flight dimension, autocorrelation decay rates support a three-layer model with increasing BFI from the skull to the scalp to the brain. By accurately characterizing superficial tissues, this approach can help improve specificity for the human brain.

The shaft and pedestal deformations can produce large misalignments and displacements of shaft-bearing-pedestal systems (SBPSs). The phenomena have a great influence on the working performances of the SBPS. Thus, the shaft and pedestal stiffness should be properly optimized to minimize the system vibrations during the design process of the SBPSs. To overcome this issue, a new shaft and pedestal stiffness optimization strategy of a SBPS based on both the time- and frequency-domain vibrations is conducted in this work, which cannot be addressed by the previous methods considering single shaft or pedestal stiffness. Moreover, this method can be used to avoid the unexpected resonance frequencies of the rotor system during the design processing. A dynamic model of the SBPS considering both the flexible deformations of shaft and pedestal is presented. The effects of the shaft and pedestal stiffness on the vibration performances of the SBPS are discussed. The results give that the shaft and pedestal stiffness have a great effect on the time-domain waveform, magnitude, and peak frequencies of the vibrations of the SBPS. The relationships between the peak frequencies in the spectra of SBPS and two stiffness coefficients are nonlinear ones. However, they have no effect on the bearing passing frequency and its harmonics in the envelop spectra. It represents that the SBPS with the larger shaft and pedestal stiffness has a smaller vibration level. The obtained results can provide some guidance for the SBPS design with a low vibration level.

Introduction. the low-back pain is a challenging medical issue. the disorder polymorphism requires ongoing search for new treatment solutions based on up-to-date technologies, including these related to rehabilitation and preventive treatment of pathological conditions. However, our findings have shown, most studies are narrowly focused on one or several pathogenesis components only. the dedicated publications do not fully highlight the role, which the basic physical characteristics (BPC) have in building movement patterns. Purpose of the study. Our research was aimed at working out an isometric exercising program for dorsopathy patients to develop the above characteristics. Material and research methods. We analyzed findings of the clinical and functional examination methods as well as treatment results of 150 patients. the design included the pre-randomization into treatment and control groups, clinical study techniques, questionnaire-based surveys, use of genuine FSSD diagnostic profile and tension dynamometry to assess both initial BPC values and their dynamics at the adjustment stage. Results. According to the further result analysis, within the treatment group of patients suffering from pain-associated dorsopahies, the proposed exercising program allowed the add-on of BPC like tone, strength and endurance of main posture- dependent muscle groups as to static and dynamic loads. At that, comparing to the control group, where patients exercised to mobilize a vertebral motor region and have general restorative effect, no positive impact on the indicators was acquired. Conclusion. The study proved the deviation of dorsopathy patients’ BPC from the age-appropriate norms. In addition, complex functional assessment of spine and myofascial system was described based on functional muscle testing and movement tasks.

Introduction. Work and stress occupy a leading place among the causes of diseases of Russians. Working hours and work intensity (WI) are the main parameters of the workload. The main difficulty of physiological analysis, measurement, and hygienic assessment of WI is a purely individual psychophysiological characteristic of the degree of stress of the working person’s body, being masked by three factors: the composition and organization of labor actions, personal factor, and hygienic working conditions. The individual physiological range of average work intensity (IR) is 1.5. The change in WI inside of this diapason determines the intra-shift dynamics of performance, from the typical monotonous activity to the characteristic of neuro-humoral stress. The criterion for physiological and hygienic assessment of Wt is the stability of the dynamics of performance, fatigue, and health indices of employees.The purpose of the study: to establish the annual increase in the risk of health disorders of employees at different levels of physiological intensity of work, correlated with IR. Materials and methods. We studied WI and the dynamics of health index s(DZ) in 2509 physical and mental workers with varying degrees of fatigue (industrial workers, doctors, nurses, school teachers, office workers). The annual increase in risk (AIR) chronic fatigue syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, long-term morbidity with the temporary disability (MTD) was used to characterize the WI.Results. With high and high WI, the long-MTD AIR (0.80%) of the watch factory workers is 3.2 times higher than the control level - 0.25%. At a high WI level (1.11-1.20) of the installers, the AIR of cardiovascular diseases with MTD (1.0%) is 6.7 times higher than the control level of 0.15%, and the GPR of musculoskeletal diseases (1.1%) is 7.9 times higher than the control level of 0.14%. In precision workers with increased WI (1.01-1.10), the AIR of chronic fatigue syndrome (1.98%) exceeds the background level of 0.5% per year by 3.9 times, and with a high WI level (1.11-1.20), the AIR of musculoskeletal disorders exceeds the control level (0.2%) by 10.7 times. The maximum WI values for mental workers are 5-14% higher than those set for manual labor.Conclusions. 1. The IR is determined by the ratio of the maximum labor productivity, at which there is still no employee fatigue at the end of the working day, to the productivity, at which there is large employee fatigue. IR = 1.5. 2. When WI is 20 -30% above the lower bound of IR, there are 2-4 times increased AIR health disorders; while WI 30-40% higher than the lower border of IR, AIR for chronic fatigue syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the musculoskeletal system increases by 5-10 times. 3. Long hours, which are often considered the main risk factor for the health of workers, are the actual risk factor if the work is not performed at a reduced intensity.

Purpose: To characterize the non-laminar flow dynamics and resultant decreased wall shear stress (WSS) and high oscillatory shear index (OSI) of the infrarenal abdominal aortic dilatation, cardiac phase-resolved 3D phase-contrast MRI (4D-flow MRI) was performed. Methods: The prospective single-arm study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and included 18 subjects (median 67.5 years) with the dilated infrarenal aorta (median diameter 35 mm). 4D-flow MRI was conducted on a 1.5T MRI system. On 3D streamline images, laminar and non-laminar (i.e., vortex or helical) flow patterns were visually assessed both for the dilated aorta and for the undilated upstream aorta. Cardiac phase-resolved flow velocities, WSS and OSI, were also measured for the dilated aorta and the upstream undilated aorta. Results: Non-laminar flow represented by vortex or helical flow was more frequent and overt in the dilated aorta than in the undilated upstream aorta (P < 0.0156) with a very good interobserver agreement (weighted kappa: 0.82–1.0). The WSS was lower, and the OSI was higher on the dilated aortic wall compared with the proximal undilated segments. In mid-systole, mean spatially-averaged WSS was 0.20 ± 0.016 Pa for the dilated aorta vs. 0.68 ± 0.071 Pa for undilated upstream aorta (P < 0.0001), and OSI on the dilated aortic wall was 0.093 ± 0.010 vs. 0.041 ± 0.0089 (P = 0.013). The maximum values and the amplitudes of the WSS at the dilated aorta were inversely proportional to the ratio of dilated/undilated aortic diameter (r = −0.694, P = 0.0014). Conclusion: 4D-flow can characterize abnormal non-laminar flow dynamics within the dilated aorta in vivo. The wall of the infrarenal aortic dilatation is continuously and increasingly affected by atherogenic stimuli due to the flow disturbances represented by vortex or helical flow, which is reflected by lower WSS and higher OSI.

Thalamic infusion of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has been shown to have therapeutic effects in neuronopathic lysosomal storage diseases. Preclinical studies in sheep model of Tay-Sachs disease demonstrated that bilateral thalamic injections of AAV gene therapy are required for maximal benefit. Translation of thalamic injection to patients carries risks in that (1) it has never been done in humans, and (2) dosing scale-up based on brain weight from animals to humans requires injection of larger volumes. To increase the safety margin of this infusion, a flexible cannula was selected to enable simultaneous bilateral thalamic infusion in infants while monitoring by imaging and/or to enable awake infusions for injection of large volumes at low infusion rates. In this study, we tested various infusion volumes (200-800 μL) and rates (0.5-5 μL/min) to determine the maximum tolerated combination of injection parameters. Animals were followed for ∼1 month postinjection with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed at 14 and 28 days. T1-weighted MRI was used to quantify thalamic damage followed by histopathological assessment of the brain. Trends in data show that infusion volumes of 800 μL (2 × the volume required in sheep based on thalamic size) resulted in larger lesions than lower volumes, where the long infusion times (between 13 and 26 h) could have contributed to the generation of larger lesions. The target volume (400 μL, projected to be sufficient to cover most of the sheep thalamus) created the smallest lesion size. Cannula placement alone did result in damage, but this is likely associated with an inherent limitation of its use in a small brain due to the length of the distal rigid portion and lack of stable fixation. An injection rate of 5 μL/min at a volume ∼1/3 of the thalamus (400-600 μL) appears to be well tolerated in sheep both clinically and histopathologically.

Purpose To compare the flow dynamics of beveled-tip to that of flat-tip vitreous cutters. Method The aspiration rates of balanced salt solution and swine vitreous were measured for 25-gauge and 27-gauge beveled-tip and flat-tip vitreous cutters. Fluorescent polymer microspheres were mixed with balanced salt solution to make the flow visible. The flow dynamics at maximal cutting rates and reflux of balanced salt solution were measured with video images of a high-speed camera. Results The aspiration rates of balanced salt solution of the 25-gauge and 27-gauge beveled-tip cutters were significantly higher than that of the flat-tip cutters at 7,500 cut/min (P = 0.0001, P = 0.038, respectively). The aspiration rate of swine vitreous by the 25-gauge beveled-tip cutter was significantly higher than that of the flat-tip cutters (P = 0.006). The mean aspiration flow in front of the cutter was significantly faster for both beveled-tip than flat-tip cutters (P = 0.003, P = 0.023). The angle of the mean aspiration flow of both beveled-tip cutters was turned to the proximal side (P = 0.004, P = 0.003). The mean reflux flow of both beveled-tip cutters was significantly faster than that of the flat-tip cutters (P = 0.006, P = 0.006). Conclusion The beveled-tip cutters have a greater velocity of aspirating frontal and proximal flow resulting in higher aspiration rates and greater reflux flow velocity.

Background: Aerobic exercise with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) plays an important role in skeletal muscle adaptation; however, the effects of this type of exercise on mitochondrial dynamics proteins are unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with and without BFR on mitochondrial dynamics proteins of human skeletal muscles. Methods: Participants were 5 young men (mean age, 33.4±2.30 years; mean weight, 79.64±10.49 kg; BMI, 26.24±2.27 kg/m2). They performed aerobic exercise with BFR (AE+BFR) and without BFR (AE) in two separate days at five 2-min sessions and 1 min rest between the sessions. Western Blot method was used to measure the protein levels of Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and Dynamin-Related Protein 1 (DRP1) in skeletal muscles. Findings: AE+BFR (1.02±0.05 vs. 0.77±0.03) and AE (0.65±0.08 vs 0.57±0.03) significantly increased the mean MFN2 protein level compared to the pre-test mean values (P