Search

Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS) is proposed as a suitable diagnostic method in this paper for implementation on energized oil-paper insulation systems. In present FDS tests, the measurement method is only designed for offline applications. To overcome the deficiencies with the offline testing, this work investigates the feasibility of performing FDS measurements on energized transformers with the view to developing an online diagnostic tool using neutral connections as injection and measurement paths. In the proposed technique, a low-pass filter system is designed to remove the high frequency noise as well as the power frequency signals present in the measured neutral currents. The technique has been successfully applied in a laboratory environment on transformers with oil-paper insulation systems with different operational ages and is feasible for single-phase as well as 3-phase transformers with the accessible neutral points. Compared with the conventional FDS results, a nonlinear dielectric phenomenon is observed from the energized insulation systems as higher dissipation factor Tanδ values primarily due to the increased losses under power frequency voltage excitation. The degree of the nonlinearity is found to correlate well with the degradation status of insulation systems under test.

An integrated platform consisting of a microfluidic paper-based/PMMA (Polymethyl-Methacrylate) chip and a small battery-operated detection system is proposed for the concentration detection of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). In the proposed method, a small strip of filter paper is coated with acid-base indicator and then inserted into a PMMA microchip. The SO 2 sample is then injected into the reservoir of the chip; prompting a reaction with the acid-base indicator. The chip is transferred to the detection system, where the reaction-induced color change is captured by a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) camera. Finally, the CMOS image is transferred to a cell phone via a USB (Universal Serial Bus) connector and the SO 2 concentration is derived using self-written RGB color analysis software. The experimental results obtained for 10 control samples show that the correlation coefficient for the variation of the R(ed) signal intensity with the SO 2 concentration is equal to R 2 = 0.9971 in the low-concentration range (20 ∼ 600 ppm) and R 2 = 0.9920 in the high-concentration range (600 ∼ 5000 ppm). The real-world applicability of the proposed platform is demonstrated by measuring the SO 2 concentrations of fifteen commercial food samples. The concentration measurements deviate by no more than 4.29% from those obtained using a standard macroscale technique. Overall, the results presented in this study show that the proposed integrated microfluidic paper-based system provides a cheap, compact and reliable method for SO 2 concentration measurement purposes.

International audience; Advanced internet and multimedia set-top boxes are today massively based on 4*4 MIMO systems, with multi-sub-bands standards (Wifi bands, LTE, Bluetooth,…). Multiple antennas spatially distributed on the plastic casing become therefore a great challenge for cost and performances motivations, thus promoting flexible technology and substrate, for assembling subsystems , under compactness considerations, as well as electrical performances improvement. In this paper, we discuss about the characterisation of Multi-band antennas designed on an ultra-low cost material (a cellulosic substrate, i.e. a paper) with design challenges in terms of radiation efficiency maximization and wideband properties under compactness constraints. Simulation and measurements are proposed to validate the designs.

This study investigated technologies related to a smart-card display and its wireless charging system, where the wireless receiver in the smart card receives not only the data but also the power required for the display circuitry. The goal of this research was to achieve the required energy transfer during the extremely short reading time when a person swipes his or her smart card. This paper describes the design considerations and the analysis procedures of the transmitter and receiver pair for an electronic paper (E-paper) display. A series of magnetic simulations as well as experimental tests were conducted to investigate the various design factors. The design considerations included the shape and effect of using ferromagnetic cores, the component design for frequency tuning, the geometric arrangements, and the number of turns of the coils. A novel design for power transmission is then proposed using a ferromagnetic core to enhance its energy efficiency. In experiments the transmitter unit prov...

The capacitively-coupled wireless power transmitting system which provides a wide power-supply position was developed to realize a battery-less electronic paper. The high frequency, 13.56 MHz, was employed and the frequency was modulated to keep the resonant conditions. The special electrode configuration and circuit to suppress EMI were revealed.

Continuous monitoring of breathing flow is an essential but often poorly utilized predictor that is causing poor patient outcome. A low-cost, light-weight, easy-to-use, reliable, and disposable breathing sensor is required to bypass the limitations of existing conventional sensors, which are bulky, expensive, and often require experts to handle. In this article, a low-cost, inkjet-printed graphene sensor on a disposable glossy photo-paper substrate is presented for breathing-rate monitoring. The sensor architecture consists of a graphene nanoparticle based thin functional layer on top of a silver nanoparticle based interdigitated conductive pattern. A standard office inkjet-printer was configured with nanoparticle inks and a printed circuit board design software was utilized for the layouts. The sensor was tested in a laboratory environment, and its data were analyzed for different breathing patterns. An empirical model of the sensor was developed using the Cole–Cole impedance model. Test results showed successful detection of breathing rates for different breathing patterns. The prototype sensor provides a low-cost, disposable, and practical solution for frequent breathing pattern recognition.

Recent research activities in the area of low-cost sensing and diagnostics that are realized on cellulosic paper substrate are presented. First a three-dimensional origami paper-based analytical device (omPAD) with multiple electrochemical sensors, an integrated sample reservoir and tight integration with a custom CMOS potentiostat is presented. Second, an optical sensor array with built-in microfluidic channel for sample delivery is presented. The sensors are fabricated using a combination of wax printing and screen-printing using a solution based approach in ambient conditions without the need for expensive fabrication equipment or a cleanroom. Readout is based on using existing consumer grade electronic devices like flatbed scanner (for optical sensor) or custom designed CMOS potentiostat (for electrochemical sensors). Together the 3D paper-based analytical device with integrated sensor, microfluidics and portable readout instrumentation demonstrates a low-cost, self-contained system suitable for sensing and point-of-care diagnostics.

In this paper, we present a practical application of dirty paper coding (DPC) for the Gaussian cognitive Z-interference channel. A two stage transmission scheme is proposed in which the cognitive transmitter first obtains the interference signal from the primary transmitter and then uses DPC to improve the performance of the cognitive link. Numerical results show that causal knowledge of the interference provides more than 3 dB improvement in performance in certain scenarios over a scheme that does not use interference cancellation. Results are also shown when the cognitive transmitter operates in both half-duplex and full-duplex modes.

Contemporary digital circuits are synchronous-logic and are operationally error-free because they are designed to complete their operation within a predefined time period. In some applications, such as the MOST operating in ultra-deep subthreshold or in flexible electronics where the TFT is printed, the ensuing operation of digital circuits is prone to error. This is because the variations of the delay of the transistor are very high and the ensuing predefined time period is difficult to ascertain. In the case of the printed TFT where its substrate is flexible and hence possibly bent, the delay is possibly intractable, in part because the profile of the bending may not be known. In this paper, we will discuss the commonality between ultra-deep subthreshold and printed TFTs in terms of their variations. We describe the application of the esoteric asynchronous-logic Quasi-Delay-Insensitive (QDI) signaling protocol to design digital circuits that innately accommodate intractable delay characteristics, i.e., error-free operation despite intractable variations. To mitigate the hardware, power and timing overheads of QDI, we will present our proposed modified signaling protocol named Pseudo-QDI and our proposed Pre-Charged-Static-Logic design style.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the applicability of 3D-printed molds to be used as a substitute for photolithography in the formation of polymer-based stamps. It proposes leveraging 3D printing as a rapid prototyping tool to be applied to microfluidic fabrication. Design/methodology/approach Different designs are created using computer-aided design (CAD) software and printed via Makerbot 3D printer. The molds serve as negative reliefs for a PDMS stamp. The stamp is used to apply paraffin wax to chromatography paper, creating hydrophobic barriers and hydrophilic channels. The minimum functional channel widths and barrier widths are determined for the method. Findings The method is demonstrated to be effective for bypassing the more cost-prohibitive photolithography approach for rapid paper microdevice fabrication. This approach produces functional channels that can be used for on-chip analytical assays. The minimum functional barrier widths and minimum functional channel widths are in good agreement with other published methods for paper-based microchannel fabrication. Research limitations/implications The approach cannot generate the high-resolution structures possible with photolithography. Therefore, if higher resolutions are needed for a particular application, this approach is not the best. Practical implications The simplicity of the approach introduces an affordable method to create disposable devices that can be used at the point of testing. Originality/value The paper satisfies a need for inexpensive, rapid prototyping of paper-based devices. The method is simple and can be used as a tool for introducing labs to microfluidics research.

In paper microfluidics, the development of smart and versatile switches is critical for the regulation of fluid flow across multiple channels. Past approaches in creating switches are limited by long response times, large actuation fluid volumes, and use of external control circuitry. We seek to mitigate these difficulties through the development of a unique actuator device made entirely out of chromatography paper and incorporated with folds. Selective wetting of the fold with an actuation fluid, either at the crest or trough, serves to raise or lower the actuator's tip and thus engage or break the fluidic contact between channels. Here the actuator's response time is dramatically reduced (within two seconds from wetting) and a very small volume of actuation fluid is consumed (four microliters). Using this actuation principle, we implement six switch configurations which can be grouped as single-pole single-throw (normally OFF and normally ON) and single-pole double-throw (with single and double break). By employing six actuators in parallel, an autonomous colorimetric assay is built to detect the presence of three analytes - glucose, protein, and nitrite - in artificial saliva. Finally, this work brings the concept of origami to paper microfluidics where multiple-fold geometries can be exploited for programmable switching of fluidic connections.

The article presents 12.5 Gbit/s Physical Media Attachment (PMA) units, TX and RX, fabricated in 90 nm bulk CMOS process. The PMA are designed for use in SpaceFibre/GigaSpaceWire (SpaceWire-RUS) systems for the space radars. The units comprise SERDES and clock and data recovery (CDR). Supported set of data rates includes those of 1.25, 2.5, 6.25 and 12.5 Gbit/s, but intermediate rates are also available.

This paper presents recent advances on high-capacity optical fiber communication for coherent and non-coherent transmission systems. We describe works carried out at CPQD on digital signal processing, forward error correction, and integrated photonic devices for long-haul, unrepeatered, and data center interconnect scenarios. Future trends and perspectives for next generation systems based on the state-of-the-art research are also discussed.

This paper describes and experimentally validates different multi-Antenna system applications supported by a multicore fiber (MCF) optical fronthaul. The MCF fronthaul enables the simultaneous transmission of different optical data streams at the same wavelength by the spatial multiplexing of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signals. In addition, the MCF enables simultaneous radio beamforming by transmitting the same optical data signal with different phase or time delays to each antenna element. Both MIMO and beamforming capabilities are required for 5G multi-Antenna systems. Experimental demonstrations of 4 \times 4 MIMO transmission and multi-beam 4 \times 1 beamforming using a commercially available 4-core fiber are reported in this work. Optical beam-steering in 5G is achieved using a Si3 N4 photonic chip based on optical ring resonators (ORRs) that enables the continuous and centralized tuning of the time delay applied to each antenna element.

This paper presents our initial efforts towards the development of screen printed sensors on folded paper substrates for multi-modal sensing of biopotentials, wetness, and pressure. These sensors contain three layers of sensing stripes forming a 16-pixel array where various layers are utilized for different sensing modalities. The performance of the paper-based sensors was assessed. The sensors were shown to exhibit a linear capacitive response to changes in force, as well as a decrease in impedance in the presence of wetness. We discuss the integration of these low-cost and partially disposable paper-based sensors into a wearable diaper system for Bluetooth-based wireless heart rate monitoring, respiratory rate tracking and urination frequency and amount detection.

A novel microelectromechanical-systems (MEMS)-controlled paper-like transmissive flexible display device was modeled by a combination of a cantilever with a flat plate and was realized by roll-to-roll printing process for the first time. This model provides predictions as well as improvement suggestions to both mechanical and electrical designs. A newly developed roll-to-roll printing process which was composed of flexography, gravure, lift-off, and lamination techniques used to manufacture this device was proved applicable on flexible electronics with high-volume, low-cost, and large-area solutions. This 20 V-driven device provided distinguishable three primary colors with averaged transmittance of 50% in visible region for full color flexible display applications and showed commercialization compatibility. Its electrical, mechanical, and optical characteristics excelled previous similar works. The proved major advantages of mechanical reliability, low operation voltage, and process simplicity done by this work made the MEMS flexible display an important alternative to electrophoretic, electrowetting, and electrochromic systems.

The thin and flexible LSI driver with a thickness of less than 40μm for passive-matrix driven Quick-Response Liquid Powder Display (QR-LPD™) was successfully mounted onto the flexible printed circuit (FPC). The mounted LSI on the plastic substrate shows no significant degradation in the driving performances and keeps physical flexibility without any failures of connection. This technology can realize the fully flexible electronic paper in combination with a plastic substrate QR-LPD™ fabricated by roll-to-roll process.

We prototyped a 6.0-in. color sequential XGA LCD using an oxide semiconductor. A color sequential LCD has lower power consumption than a color filter LCD because light use efficiency is better. We utilize the low Ioff of the oxide semiconductor and make frame rate lower, which leads to the lower power consumption of drivers. The color sequential LCD can have a monochrome electronic paper function with a white backlight on.

This paper presents the design and implementation in paper substrate of a harmonic RFID chipless sensing tag. The proposed sensor is based on a Wheatstone bridge, where two of the four impedances change dynamically according to a physical parameter that has to be monitored. The passive tag is interrogated by a signal at f 0 = 1.04 GHz and the signal transmitted back to the reader at 2f 0 = 2.08 GHz is proportional to the magnitude of the parameter variation. A harmonic RFID experiment proves that this kind of architecture is capable of providing a dynamic range of more than 40 dB.

This paper collates design concepts of low-power gate driver circuits, and our related work is reviewed. Many approaches to power consumption amelioration have been developed and focus on different parts of circuit structures. Recently, low-frequency clock signals are adopted to further reduce both power consumption and thin-film transistor (TFT) threshold voltage shifts (ΔVTH).

This paper investigates an optimization of the conventional relay selection for multirelay environments. In contrast with previously reported selection schemes, where a selected relay accesses the channel in a dedicated cooperative slot, the proposed scheme recovers the bandwidth loss of the half-duplex constraint by allowing two relays to simultaneously access the channels. Based on an appropriate dirty-paper coding (DPC) technique among relays, the proposed scheme enables a relay to establish communication with the destination at the same time that another relay forwards the data from the source. It is proven that the interplay between relay selection and the superposition DPC weight factor provides a tradeoff between relaying and new data performance. Hence, an appropriate codesign of the superposition DPC parameter and opportunistic relay selection can achieve efficient communication for the new data without affecting the relaying performance. The proposed scheme is compared with conventional relaying approaches, and its enhancements are provided through theoretical studies and numerical results.

In this paper reviewed and discuss multi notch multi polarization antenna for wireless communication, in past decade large number of research carried out, in the field of multi notch and multi polarization, the various application at specified frequency demanded notch antenna, multiple polarization and switch in polarization is strong needed, circular polarization antenna is versatile used in satellite communication, this paper review various technique to used in the designing of notch antenna, in some application needed antenna which exists linear as well as circular polarization, Over the period of time researchers have continuously contributed to improved the performance of antenna, that should be effective for modern communication. Research and development in this field have been reported by many researchers in the past few decades on the basis of different techniques. This type of antenna needed in, UWB, WLAN, satellite communication, GSM, and GPS. Dual-, triple- and quad-band antennas KeywordsCMRC, DGS

Knowledge of the condition of power transformer winding insulation paper is fundamental to making optimum asset replacement decisions in the power industry. The ability to assess the aged condition of Kraft paper quickly and non-destructively using portable instrumentation would significantly increase the opportunities for gaining this knowledge. Insulation paper degrades over time in-service and its degree of polymerization (DP) reduces, eventually affecting its mechanical strength. At low DP levels the insulation may start to disintegrate and the risk of electrical breakdown increases. Currently-used methods of estimating DP are either approximate or destructive. The use of spectroscopy together with multivariate statistical analysis (MVSA) provides a powerful non-destructive evaluation of the condition of paper. From initial feasibility studies, we have developed a simple, portable system (TRANSPEC) using fiber-optics and broad-band spectroscopy that can measure the degree of polymerization of various aged transformer papers to a precision of approximately 30 DP units with a spatial resolution of 14 mm. The system can also measure the chemical composition and condition of the insulating mineral oil. MVSA regression models were constructed from library spectral data, and these models are used to predict the DP of other papers with parameters that fall within the range spanned by the set of calibration samples. Separating oil and moisture information from wetted paper is possible and will be reported in a separate publication. With a single TRANSPEC system, non-destructive in-situ analysis of the DP of insulating paper is possible, providing a rapid cost-effective method for transformer insulation condition assessment and monitoring, which correlates well with current destructive methods.

A 3D Stereoscopic Head-Up Display (HUD) using a tunable bandpass filter to perform left and right image spectral separation is presented. Using a single filter reduces the size and the cost of the HUD optical engine, and enables each spectral band to be accurately tuned. Experiments performed on the first prototype demonstrates the ability to continuously tune the bandpass frequency on 30 nm range while keeping a 20 nm bandwidth. Such a system avoids the use of a bulky and costly rotating wheel and enables the use of Holographic Optical Elements known to be wavelength selective.

We propose a novel pixel circuit using source-follower structure to be independent of frequency effect of blue-phase liquid crystal displays (BPLCDs). Simulation results indicated that required gray-level-voltages across the BPLC could be achieved accurately when a proper threshold voltage of the driving TFT was chosen. We also successfully fabricated a 12.7-inch prototype BPLCD using the proposed pixel circuit driven with a field-sequential-color method of 240 Hz.

A novel 4T2C pixel circuit is proposed to realize a high-resolution 7.8-µm pixel pitch OLED microdisplay. In order to achieve high luminance uniformity, the pixel circuit compensates its Vth variation of the MOSFET for the driving transistor internally by using self-discharging method. 0.5-inch Quad-VGA and 1.25-inch Wide Quad-XGA microdisplays with the proposed compensation architecture are also presented.

Air-gap discharge in oil-paper insulation is one of the main types of partial discharge (PD) in power transformer. The discharge development stage for monitoring and diagnosis of transformer potential faults is a significant area of study. The method of wavelet packet energy entropy, which is based on different frequency bands energy distribution of PD signals at different insulation states, is provided to explore the variation characteristics of the whole PD process. In this paper, air-gap discharge model is built in the simulative transformer tank that collects PD signals based on constant voltage method. This model also utilizes wavelet packet decomposition method to partition PD signal bands obtaining signal energy distribution in each frequency band, as well as total signal energy tendency along with PD development process. Wavelet packet energy entropy, which is the new PD feature parameter describing the development process, represents the order degree of PD signals which corresponds to dielectric strength. Finally, because of the cyclic change of this method, the step points of wavelet packet entropy are taken as the way to effectively divide the PD development stage.

The Electronic Shelf Label (ESL) is an electronic display device based on LCD or electronic paper. In this work, we focus on the application of electronic paper display in ESL. We Put forward a kind of driver interface circuit from the electronic shelf label architecture and principle of electronic paper display controller and driver chip; Combined with electronic paper waveforms and SDRAM, we catch the design points of the driver and process; The scheme has been proved to achieve the image display and update with a good reading experience as traditional paper, so it has certain reference significance for electronic shelf label design, and will be beneficial to the popularity of electronic paper application and promotion.

PurposeTo consider the various aspects of this emerging market and to query the traditional view of thick film deposition and processing for successful flexible electronic production.Design/methodology/approachThe current status of flexible electronics is reviewed with particular emphasis on emerging rather than established technologies. New techniques and applications are also discussed. Material and processing developments are also required to meet the new challenges and current developments and future needs are discussed.FindingsMass production of flexible electronic circuits using processing techniques that are more akin to the newspaper printing industry is under way. Much development of both materials and processing is required but needs in the radio frequency identification, renewable energy and display markets among others justify the investment.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the wide range of new applications there is a lack of detail in this review that will necessitate further reading.Practical implicationsThere will need to be a change of thinking in the processing and material choice used in mass production of flexible electronics by any large volume manufacturer of traditional circuits on rigid substrates. Existing, new materials need development for electrical characteristics and ease of use. New materials will undoubtedly be required.Originality/valueThis paper raises awareness and technical issues surrounding emerging technologies.

The small-signal equivalent circuit modeling of microwave field-effect transistors (FETs) is an evergreen and ever flourishing research field that has to be up-to-date with technological developments. Hence, modeling techniques must be continuously adapted and extended to suit best evolving technologies. The extraction of a FET high-frequency small-signal equivalent circuit is a very active and broad research area of significant interest, owing to its use as a prerequisite for noise and large-signal modeling. The aim of this invited article is to provide in-depth knowledge, critical understanding, and new insights into how to extract a FET small-signal equivalent circuit from both theoretical and practical perspectives. To illustrate potential solutions to the key challenges faced by researchers, experimental results for different semiconductor technologies are reported and discussed. The study is focused on the hot research topic of the cold approach that has been, and still is, the most widely used technique for extracting FET small-signal models and on the active role of the transconductance for successful modeling. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2016.

The service life of a transformer is determined by the condition of its oil–paper insulation. A modified Cole–Cole model was introduced to describe the frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) curves based on the classic Debye relaxation model and thereby accurately determined the ageing state of the insulation of a power transformer using FDS. Oil–paper insulation samples with different ageing states are prepared under laboratory conditions, and a characteristic parameter is extracted to quantify their ageing states after a detailed investigation of the frequency domain dielectric properties of the samples. Results reveal that the modified Cole–Cole model, including the α relaxation components, dc and hopping conductivity components, can be employed to effectively model the frequency dielectric characteristics of oil–paper insulation. Furthermore, the extracted characteristic parameter from this model, τα, can be utilized in the quantitative evaluation of the ageing states of transformer insulation. A case example is discussed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique in the condition assessment of field power transformers.

In this paper, various integration schemes for in-cell capacitive touch panels will be reviewed. Continuous efforts have been made to eliminate the interference between display and touch sensor structure. A in-cell LCD module with self-capacitance touch sensor integrated will be presented.

Flexible inkjet-printed antenna models are designed on paper and transparent polyethylene terephthalate substrate material for vehicular instrument communication applications. The antenna model 1 is designed initially on a low-cost photo paper substrate material and later model 2 is designed on flexible PET substrate for vehicular instrument communication with dimensions of 40×38.5×0.2 mm3. The proposed antenna model on PET substrate is providing the excellent bandwidth of 7.6 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 78%. The proposed antenna is designed to operate in vehicular communication bands, which includes the cellular communication bands, V2X communication bands and other wireless applications like Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long-Term Evolution (LTE2600), Wireless local area network 2.4 GHz (WLAN), World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), IEEE802.11p protocol based Vehicle-to-everything 5.8 GHz, Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments 5GHz (WAVE) communications bands. The prototyped models are fabricated and tested for validation and found perfect matching with the simulation results with respect to reflection coefficient, radiation patterns and gain. The achieved results based on the proposed techniques can be extended for other flexible substrates to design complex advanced antennas and communication modules.

A complete model for the internal particle distribution of electrophoretic image displays (EPIDs) is presented. From this model, simulation formulas for electrical and optical properties are calculated. These formulas incorporate both time dependence and voltage dependence. They make it possible to optimize display properties since the model is built up with physical parameters. Results are shown that prove that this model is indeed capable of complete optical and electrical transient simulation. The importance of centrifugation during display manufacturing is proven as a way to improve the switching speed of the display.

Passive UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are being applied to many different industries and because of this, these systems are being required to operate in complex electromagnetic environments. This may require tags to operate on different surface types or time varying shapes. This paper presents a conformal antenna design that can be used on a passive UHF RFID tag with a paper substrate. More specifically, instead of copper conductors for the antenna, commercially available 97% carbon content graphene-based material is used to mitigate conductor failure; which has been observed in copper-based conformal antenna designs. Simulations and read-range measurements (2.1 meters) of a prototype UHF passive RFID tag with graphene-based conductors and dimensions similar to commercially available copper-based designs are shown.

Compared to conventional amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFTs, amorphous metal oxide TFTs have superior device performance such as higher mobility, better sub-threshold swing, and lower off-state current. Amorphous metal oxide TFTs have an additional advantage on the device uniformity due to the lacks of grain boundary issues in the poly-Si TFTs. Compared with sputtered oxide TFTs, metal oxide TFTs with solution processes have better flexibility and controllability to adjust the composition of chemical solution. Among various solution-based approaches, direct printing is a promising low-cost technique in fabricating TFTs. The printing technique offers several advantages in manufacturing electronics such as a direct writing of materials, reduction of chemical waste, and reproducibility with high-resolution scale, which are not affordable from other solution-based approaches. While many printed OTFTs have been reported, relatively fewer studies, associated with printed metal oxide TFTs, have been pursued. Interests to printed metal oxide TFTs have grown continuously since the first report of a general route towards printed oxide TFTs. A variety of metal oxide materials have been reported as the channel layer of printed metal oxide TFTs. In this report, the development of printed metal oxide TFTs will be discussed including the precursor inks, the precursor conversion process, the types of the applied printers, and fabricated thin film transistor characteristics. Lastly the report will be concluded with a concise summary and future outlook.

A 4-inch flexible active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display with a Bulk-Accumulation (BA) oxide thin-film transistors (TFT)-backplane and BA oxide TFT-based high yield integrated gate-driver is demonstrated. The gate-driver with 320 stages exhibit excellent driving ability with rising and falling times less than 1 µs — even under tensile strain induced by bending to a radius of 3 mm— which makes it suitable for flexible mobile AMOLED display applications.

A universal column driver is implemented in a 0.13-µm highvoltage CMOS process for not only TFT-LCD but also OLED applications. The proposed column driver employs 13-bit linear DAC to cover all gamma curves of display applications and address-based configuration for intra- panel interface protocol to support both TV and IT applications. Measured results demonstrate the average voltage of output channels (AVO) is under 1mv, which satisfies 1-LSB resolution at 18.5V of AVDD.

This paper presents progress on the characterization of guided-wave light modulators for use in a low-cost holographic video monitor based on the MIT scanned-aperture architecture. A custom-built characterization apparatus was used to study device bandwidth, RGB operation, and linearity in an effort to identify optimal parameters for high bandwidth, GPU-driven, full-color holographic display.

Multi-step analytical tests, such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), require delivery of multiple fluids into a reaction zone and counting the incubation time at different steps. This paper presents a new type of paper-based magnetic valves that can count the time and turn on or off a fluidic flow accordingly, enabling timed fluid control in paper-based microfluidics. The timing capability of these valves is realized using a paper timing channel with an ionic resistor, which can detect the event of a solution flowing through the resistor and trigger an electromagnet (through a simple circuit) to open or close a paper cantilever valve. Based on this principle, we developed normally-open and normally-closed valves with a timing period up to 30.3 ± 2.1 min (sufficient for an ELISA on paper-based platforms). Using the normally-open valve, we performed an enzyme-based colorimetric reaction commonly used for signal readout of ELISAs, which requires a timed delivery of an enzyme substrate to a reaction zone. This design adds a new fluid-control component to the tool set for developing paper-based microfluidic devices, and has the potential to improve the user-friendliness of these devices.

Transparent transistors based on inorganic oxides have received attention in recent years due to their high performance and excellent optical transparency. For large area and flexible display applications, the development of a printing-based route to realize these devices is particularly interesting due to the potential for realization of a scalable and low-cost manufacturing process. Here, we review our work on the development of printed transparent oxide transistors based on indium and tin oxides. We discuss the formulation of inks for printing of transparent conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics, and show how these can be integrated using inkjet and gravure printing to realize high-performance fully printed transparent oxide transistors.

We have developed a new stylish TFT-LCD. We located gatedriver monolithic circuits in the pixel area. As there are no electronic circuits in the frame area, we can realize a narrow border and round corners or a multi-concave shape, and the frame shape can be easily revised.

Microstrip patch antenna is mostly used in modern communication devices over conventional antennas mainly because of their size. In this review paper a survey is conducted on commonly used techniques and design used in microstrip antenna papers which has been used by authors for designing of an efficient, low profile, small, compatible, affordable microstrip antenna, mainly used to designed reconfigurable, multiband and wideband antennas, after that a initiator patch design is given with dimensions on which technique will be applied for the analysis of different parameter of antenna.

We report the use of a new laser-based direct-write technique that allows programmable and timed fluid delivery in channels within a paper substrate which enables implementation of multi-step analytical assays. The technique is based on laser-induced photo-polymerisation, and through adjustment of the laser writing parameters such as the laser power and scan speed we can control the depth and/or the porosity of hydrophobic barriers which, when fabricated in the fluid path, produce controllable fluid delay. We have patterned these flow delaying barriers at pre-defined locations in the fluidic channels using either a continuous wave laser at 405 nm, or a pulsed laser operating at 266 nm. Using this delay patterning protocol we generated flow delays spanning from a few minutes to over half an hour. Since the channels and flow delay barriers can be written via a common laser-writing process, this is a distinct improvement over other methods that require specialist operating environments, or custom-designed equipment. This technique can therefore be used for rapid fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices that can perform single or multistep analytical assays.

Dry-out is an essential step to remove moisture from the insulation during the transformer manufacturing process. This paper presents data on the development of a reliable test method to measure the dry-out rate of insulating papers used in distribution transformers. The results show that the dry-out test can be used as an indicator to compare the dry-out rate of different papers during product development. The test results are also verified during transformer dry-out process at a transformer manufacturing plant. Insulating material with faster dry-out performance provides opportunities for the optimization of the dry-out process and better overall quality of the insulation system.

The insulation system of 100% cellulose paper and mineral oil is a proven, reliable and economical solution successfully used in distribution transformers for many decades. The insulating paper has tremendous leverage in the optimization of distribution transformers. Different regions of the transformer insulation system impose different requirements for the material being used in those regions. This work presents data on the development (engineering) of new special grades of 100% cellulose insulating paper. The tailored properties of these new papers aim to selectively address the set of application criteria for the insulation material in the different regions of a transformer. This tailoring provides new opportunities for the optimization of the design of the insulation system and the entire transformer.

Based on the study of dielectric response theory and equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation medium, this paper deduces the exponential decay type return voltage function model.It also proposes that rhe function can be resolved with the application of optimization algorithm. Finally, the paper takes a return voltage curve which is tested by the oil-immersed transformer for example.Fitting results verify the accuracy of the calculation. Further more,it also explains that return voltage function model is reliable and practical. Therefore,the model plays a crucial role in the follow-up study of topological structure of equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation.

This paper presents a 135-channel electronic-paper (e-paper) driver IC for electronic shelf label (ESL). The number of stages and the multiple of stage of charge pump are controlled and varied in order to extend a life of battery. And the chip-optimized ready flag scheme for output driving voltage is proposed for low-power consumption.

Segmented electronic paper displays are ultra-low power devices, particularly in applications where information is not updated continuously. This paper will present a new integrated module design using standard interfaces and off-the-shelf processors. Also addressed are the reliability and lifetime performance of segmented electronic paper displays.

High-frequency (up to 7 kHz) and hysteresis-free light modulation with continuous gray scale at low control voltage (±1.5 V) is provided in a wide temperature interval with high optical contrast in display cells with new FLC materials developed at LPI, Moscow. Prospects are opened to use these materials in various LCD, where high rate is desirable, especially in 3D and FSC displays.