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In the sphere of any economy, it has the dual quality of real economy (based on goods and services) and financial economy (which is composed of money and financial assets), we can distinguish the real market and the financial market. In the real market, real assets (tangible and intangible goods) are mediated, while financial assets are mediated in the financial market. The activity within the financial markets must be carried out on the basis of economic efficiency conditions. This concept of efficiency presents the ratio between effect and effort assumed in carrying out activities of an economic nature. Financial markets involve organization, operation, control, evaluation and application of strategies.

In a globalized world, the labor markets of different countries are increasingly interconnected, and their study can provide a broader perspective on the current trends and challenges of the world economy. This comparative study aims to analyze and compare the labor markets of Romania and Spain, two countries with different economies and cultures, but facing similar labor market problems. The results of this study could be useful for researchers, politicians and managers in the field of employment and could contribute to the development of more effective public policies adapted to the needs of the labor market in the two countries.

Currently, the most frequently studied, adapted and management concepts and tools adopted belong to the US management. and Japan, so the U.S. became the current world leader again Japan is quite developed. The reason lies in the fact that companies in Japan and the United States are characterized by the highest competitiveness. Next, we will try a review of a general characteristics of Japanese and American management and culture, including similarities and the differences between them.

Sustainable development was recognized and accepted easily as a vision for a future in which the “limits of growth” are respected while the wealth and welfare of humans continues to increase. Governments, companies, communities, and even individuals are now aware that environment needs more consideration and some effort should be invested in protecting or restoring it. Most of these efforts mean higher costs and lower incomes or profit, contradicting the basic tenets of economics. Nevertheless, there is an area where the interests could and should meet. This area is efficiency, and since it could be interpreted from the perspective of environmental outcomes, is ecoefficiency. Reducing water consumption, energy use, amount of waste that is generated, volume of discharged waste water means for a company less costs. In case that these reductions are occurring and production is steady or even increasing, efficiency is improved, along with the environmental performance of the company. The paper explains the rational of eco-efficiency concept and makes comments on a number of quantitative approaches.

Reducing the anthropogenic pressure on environment is a key priority of the contemporary society that recognizes the urgency of improving the overall environmental performance of economic activities. Progress in this direction greatly depends on enabling synergies between profit making and environmental performance. This situation is captured by the concept of green businesses. The theoretical framework that supports the great potential in this direction is at some extent confirmed by the actual dynamic of green businesses, but this is not resulted yet in a meaningful change in relation with the needs of environmental protection. This is pointing on the need of better understanding the premises that ensure a faster transformation. Based on several case studies there are evaluated some of these premises.

This article points out what was seen from the beginning of the twentieth century as the future of social, cultural and economic evolution, the process of globalization. The authors try to emphasise how the economy evolved in a globalized manner, starting with out economic ancestors, the Romans and the Brits, and accelerating towards today’s nexus: globalization developed through Americanization and Westernization. Introducing in the chronological events the entities that sustained the development of globalization and offered a more down to Earth on the subject were based on the idea of our world built in its intangible shape today, going from the creation of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, till the softer edges of capitalism as a new path to create and implement economic policies for obtaining economic growth.

Recent studies underline the rethinking of the innovation model. The traditional approach, based on the creation of new ideas in a centralized Research – Development department and the implementation of results at small scale isn’t at 21st century’s level anymore. This research paper will present the innovation that is brought to market through networks of niche companies, with unique capabilities that operaște in an organized way. This new model requires from the companies the development of different skills and the ability to collaborate with business partners for the creation of innovational synergy. There are some less-inspired approaches of the issue, like: the approach focused on cutting costs (underestimating the strategic role of worldwide communication/collaboration); the approach of collaboration in an inefficient way (one way relationship) and the suboptimal capitalization of cooperation opportunities (direct translation to globally connected companies). In antithesis, companies situated at the peak of the innovation hierarchy develop strategies for the globalization of communication and collaboration for performance and to create new business opportunities.

The present paper intends, by using the spectral analysis, to measure and analyze the intensity of systematic variations of the time series referring to one of the most sensitive and important statistical macro-economic indicators, which has a significant impact upon all the economic and social policy decisions – the average monthly rate of consumer prices for food commodities.

Relationships between society and environment became an important subject for research in all domains of science. The emergency of problem solving and the incomplete knowledge of numerous elements, processes and interactions have created a number of problematic situations in managerial terms. Therefore, in the field of management researches pursued to cherish the accumulated experience and to formulate or reformulate a number of theories according to the requirements of environmental protection. Solving environmental problems at managerial level faced many difficulties due to insufficient information, unclear responsibilities, reduced predictability, large social implications, and increased social and political pressure. The system approach could bring in a useful perspective for decision making by supplying information on the possible evolution and characteristics of the ecosystems and socio-ecological systems that occur under the influence of economic, social and political factors at different spatial and temporal scales.