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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to radically redesign the methodology of plant maintenance and develop a three phase framework. A framework for effective and continuous maintenance improvement is presented. Design/methodology/approach – The first phase determines the key performance area, the second phase makes decision about the appropriate policy selection and third phase aims to generate capability in an organization to compete at world level. A case is presented here, of the implementation of a "maintenance reengineering framework", developed with the aid of certain maintenance components. Findings – The maintenance reengineering framework, when implemented, proved successful with a more than 90 per cent rise in production rate. Research limitations/implications – The paper contributes some guidelines which can be helpful in making decision about the selection of maintenance policy and for the achievement of world-class effectiveness. Practical implications – Maintenance reengineering (MR) framework includes the core concepts of preventive maintenance practices, total maintenance management and system perspectives of maintenance. Its implementation goes through three phases from identification of key performance area, via suitable maintenance policy selection to generating the capability for world-class effectiveness. The experience of this pilot implementation in a cement company in India suggested the feasibility of this framework in elevating the performance of maintenance management. Originality/value – This article offers a framework that addresses research on maintenance reengineering. It attempts to establish a relationship among the components of maintenance, which can bring potential benefits to the corporations of similar operations and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to know the extent of web reporting practices in the Indian corporate sector and inter-sector comparison of web reporting practices. A sample of 50 companies from different sectors was covered for this purpose. The analysis of results of the study shows that about 80% of the sample companies provided mandatory and voluntary information. The banking sector provided financial information to a greater extent compared to the other sectors. Balance sheet and profit and loss account have been provided in a majority of the cases, and only a few companies provided the director's report and auditor's report. Most of the companies provided information about the company profile, company history, company products and services, etc. and did not give any relevant information from the user's point of view. Results show that the Indian companies have started using the Internet as a medium for reporting. Though the percentage of companies giving information for investor's use is not very high, there are chances of an increasing trend in the Indian corporate sector. The percentage of Indian companies reporting via Internet is low compared to other advanced countries, but will gain importance in the future. The paper suggests that greater stress should be given to providing up-to-date financial information and to including full annual report while presenting information on websites. Awareness should be created among various users regarding corporate web reporting, and users' perception should be kept in mind while providing web disclosures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the adverse effects of cartels on the economy and the interests of consumers and how they are sought to be regulated under the Indian Competition Act, 2002. Design/methodology/approach -- The paper focuses on the definition of cartels and the various factors conducive for the promotion of cartels and how they are sought to be regulated in the select jurisdictions with the help of decided case laws. It also sheds adequate light on the deficiencies of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act, 1969 in curbing cartels and how such deficiencies are sought to be remedied under the Competition Act, 2002. The paper further highlights the new trends and investigative tools in busting of cartels in the developed world and the salutary lessons that could be drawn by the competition regimes of the developing countries. Findings -- The paper discloses that the earlier MRTP Act, 1969 as well as the prevailing Competition Act suffers from various flaws in curbing cartels, resulting in the feeble regulation of cartels with all attendant baneful consequences on the economy and consumer interests. The paper strongly advocates the need to treat cartels as criminal offences warranting prosecution and punishment apart from encouraging leniency and whistle blowing for facilitating the busting of cartels. Practical implications -- The paper identifies the potential difficulties and intricacies that could be encountered by the competition authority in addressing the cartels owing to shortcomings in the Competition Act, 2002. Hence, the paper articulates that these concerns should be addressed by the legislature at the earliest for further strengthening the regulatory mechanism over cartels in the interests of economy and consumers. Originality/value -- The subject focused in the paper is a topic of utmost contemporary importance having wide implications on the national economies across the world, calling for novel methods and techniques in dealing effectively with the menace of cartels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically whether inter-industry differences exist in the capital structure of Indian firms. The paper also attempts to identify the possible sources of such variations in capital structure. The technique used for this cross-sectional analysis is one-way analysis of variance. The analysis covers the pre and post-liberalization periods separately to indicate if there is a clear break in the financing pattern of the Indian firms due t-o the policy change. Our conclusion is that though, differences in firm size contributes to the existing variation in financial leverage ratio across industry-classes to some extent, the nature of the industry itself or more precisely the differences in the fund requirement of industry groups based on the technology used is a major source of the existing variation. However, it is hard pressed to find tight evidence of the existence of credit constraints on firms, specially in a developing country like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of digitalization in every sector of economy is increasing day by day. In today's world, the increasing role of digital banking cannot be ignored. Digital Banking helps to cope up with the company's strategy and plans. Digitalization in payment of commerce and trade has gained a lot in the present scenario and at the time of global pandemic era. Paper aims to discuss and analyse the increasing role of digital banking, and to increase the use of cashless transactions and to have smooth functioning in trade and commerce. The source of data collection is both i.e., primary as well as secondary. The data is collected from 300 respondents. The investigation was done to examine the similarities and differences of plans and policies, role of digital banking in every sector, and how they cope up with others using of digital banking. The finding of the study is that, the role has become important with digital payment, standards, position in the arrangement of policies to determine available options by digitalization in payment. Through the study, the capacity and competency of employees are acknowledged to be faced by industries and companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature shows that monitoring the effect of concentrated ownership has a positive impact on firm value. However, the economic channel of such a positive impact has not been examined. This study offers a possible economic channel and tests it empirically using a panel of Indian firms. The hypothesis of the paper is that concentrated ownership increases the competitiveness of the firms, through efficient monitoring of their activities, in their product markets, thus increasing the growth rate of firms. The results show that both institutional and promoter ownership have a positive impact on firm competitiveness. However, foreign concentration has an insignificant impact. Moreover, for business group-affiliated firms, only institutional concentration has a positive impact. The results remain robust for different specifications and endogeneity issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venture capital funding is the prime source of finance for high potential startup firms. The e-commerce marketplace is one such entity, which is highly dependent on venture capital funding to fulfill the requirement of capital. Corporate venture capital has long been seen as the strongest kind of finance, but it is also the least likely to be available to entrepreneurs. Each of these funding approaches is likely to foster a distinct company culture, which might have an influence on the e-commerce venture's long-term success. The paper tries to understand the factors influencing venture capitalists to invest in these types of firms and analyses how firms are consolidating their positions in the market to increase their valuation to obtain more funding from venture capitals. The methodology used is the case study of four top online marketplaces in the Indian e-commerce market, namely Amazon, Flipkart, Snapdeal, and Paytm Mall. The study is analytical and data are collected from secondary sources from the year 2014-2019 for the purpose. The study found that Angel investors and equity finance are two of the most important sources of startup funding. The study contributes two points. First, the identification of factors that influence the valuation of the firm. Second, how these factors motivate a venture capitalist to fund particular e-commerce platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the resources and determinants of capabilities and attributes which enable Indian and Chinese firms to develop competitive advantages. The leading research question asks whether the traditional concept of competitiveness can capture Indian and Chinese firms' competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic and comprehensive literature review of 62 studies published between 1994 and 2016 with focus on Indian and Chinese firms is conducted to examine the nature and contextual conditions of their competitiveness, as well as the research methods and underlying theories. Findings: Turning disadvantages into advantages and shifting the points of take-off are the most outstanding findings. Moreover, the majority of 88 per cent of the examined studies concludes that Indian and Chinese firms built nontraditional competitive strengths. Research limitations/implications: Because of the unconventional competitiveness of Indian and Chinese firms, existing theoretical perspectives and research settings need revisions and extensions. Originality/value: Unlike most extant research on India and China, which studies country- or industry-level variables using aggregate data, this paper reveals distinct patterns and similarities and differences of firm-level characteristics. In addition, by exclusively focusing on Indian and Chinese firms' competitiveness, conclusions about their uniqueness and generalizability can be drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of Foreign direct investment on the exports performance of different firms. The study is based on 195 firms belonging to 8 different sectors including different subsectors and industries related to manufacturing covering a period of 2000-01 to 2012-13. The study uses OLS regression and Compound annual growth rates to find out the trends and pattern of performance for different firms. The results of the present study suggest that FDI has significant impact on the export performance of different firms. Although the impact becomes visible after 5 to 6 years of FDI coming into Indian corporate firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper signifies the issues that are faced by start-ups. Today's managers are having many challenges in this competitive world. It attracts best talent and retain it. The start-up should invest a lot of time in building strategy in minds of its people. The start-up should recruit the right persons and train them well. The newly emerging companies should not compete with the already established companies. This paper focuses on common challenges that are faced by HR Personnel to find best solutions. In this paper, the methodology followed is secondary data, collected from journals, text books, articles etc., start-up should adopt the change in work environment and culture of the organization. The main HR Challenges are technology expansion, talent management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.Findings A set of strategies and best practices for establishing collaborative governance mechanisms within a strategic offshore Information technology outsourcing (ITO).Practical Implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides large scale evidence on the determinants of international competitiveness of Indian manufacturing firms, focusing in particular on the role of technology, costs and imported intermediate inputs. Our evidence suggests that innovation, in particular R&D investment, is positively related to both firms' probability to export and firms' export volumes. We also find that imported intermediate inputs, incorporating foreign technology is strongly associated with expanding export activities of firms. Finally, and in contrast to much of previous evidence on developed economies, we find that higher productivity or lower unit labour costs are not systematically associated with the probability to enter export markets, but they are positively related to higher export volumes. Overall our results point to the existence of a pattern of involvement in international trade for firms in developing countries that is not relying as a main driver on cost competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between external financing constraints and the intensive margin of exports for manufacturing firms in India. We use a sample of nearly 3200 firms over the period: 2000–2015 and construct a multivariate index proposed by Musso and Schiavo (J Evol Econ 18(2):135–149, 2008) to estimate the degree of external financing constraints. We find that an increase in the degree of external financing constraints faced is associated with lower firm-level exports and this result holds even after accounting for endogeneity issues. We next examine whether business group-affiliated firms are less dependent on external finance to support their overseas sales. We find that financing constraints are a significant binding factor even for firms with access to internal capital markets. Moreover, we find that firm size matters, as a decline in the financial health of small- and medium-sized firms is associated with a significantly larger decline in their export levels. Finally, we find some evidence of industry-level heterogeneity, as financing constraints lead to a more pronounced decline in the exports of firms in industries with greater dependence on external finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we attempt to find whether earnings management affects dividend policy. We use discretionary accruals as a measure of earnings management. We first calculate total earnings by using the Sloan's model (1996) and non-discretionary accruals using Jones model27. We then arrive at the discretionary accruals by taking the difference between the above two. We take the total dividend pay-out of our sample firms and then perform regression to find whether discretionary accruals are influencing the dividend policy. Our findings reveal that the discretionary accruals is an influencing factor in the dividend pay-out. We also find that, firm ownership, free cash flow and beta are also influencing variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate Social Responsibility, or CSR is voluntary commitment on the part of the corporate sector to undertake activities for improving the community wellbeing. This paper aims at reviewing and analyzing the CSR policies and practices adopted by some of the large Indian Companies with the help of their Annual Reports and the Business Responsibility Reports for the financial years 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The prime objective of this paper is to ascertain whether there will be any significant change in their CSR spending numerically and project volume-wise after the enactment of the Companies Act 2013 and to assess the impact of the recent enactment on their overall CSR spending. This paper also aims at finding whether the CSR policies and programmes of these companies have any strategic approach towards responsible growth and if it is, whether it is linked to their core business or to the long term sustainability of Indian Economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the underpricing of initial public offers (IPOs), which were announced by Indian firms for the period 2007 through 2009. It is motivated by the fact that a well-developed capital market is a function of economic growth and a reflection of the financial system. Thus, this study investigates aftermarket pricing performance of IPOs during the recent global financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach - This paper studies the underpricing of 133 IPOs in three groups, namely, house-full collections, short-run and long-run periods. To do so, it uses event study method to observe underpricing, which is examined in various window periods. Further, industry- and year-wise offers are analyzed and interpreted. Accordingly, hypotheses are being developed and tested through a static "analysis of variance". Findings - The study explores that post-listing IPOs assure positive returns in the short run, but they tend to plunge and become negative in the long run. In particular, highest returns have been observed in the first week of post-listing. Research limitations/implications - Limitations include, the study does not compute market-adjusted returns to find abnormal performance of stocks, and does not apply regression statistic to examine the factors that affect underpricing. Practical implications - Eventually, conclusions are drawn from India-international results, and thus it would add some new insights on investor perspectives (e.g. price signalling) to the existing IPOs literature, especially from Asian markets context. Originality/value - This paper is an original research that examines the underpricing of Indian IPOs during the recent financial crisis, particularly in three groups: house-full collections, short-run and long-run periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Indian capital market regulator Security Exchange Board of India (SEBI) became the pioneer in introducing the Grading of Initial Public Offers (IPOs). In this paper it is explored which factors determine the IPO Grade assigned to various IPO bound companies. Design/methodology/approach Discriminant Regression Analysis is used as the method of analysis in this paper. In the Indian capital market, Initial Public Offer (IPO) Grading was mandatory for about six and half years' time span (i.e. From May, 2007 to December, 2013). All the IPOs in this period is taken into account. Findings It is found that, four parameters i.e. the total number of directors as well as the number of independent directors on the board, issue size in terms of the amount of money being raised and the firm age have statistically significant effect on the IPO Grade, that is being assigned. Three other factors, Return on Networth (RONW), Debt to Equity (DE) ratio and the affiliation of the credit rating agency, which has done the Grading have no statistically significant effect on the Grade being assigned. Practical implications Since IPO Grading is made optional, the prospective investors of IPOs will get an idea, so as to which parameters are important, in the absence of formal IPO Grading. Originality/value These are significant addition to the existing literature on IPO Grading. The findings of this study can be used by the academicians and practitioners alike. This study shows that which parameters manifest the implicit information regarding quality of a company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author comments on a paper which focuses on the integration of different countries into international production networks (IPNs), particularly India. Topics discussed include the reasons why India, despite its emerging economy, is still not considered a part of the global division of labor and manufacturing, policy implications in including offshoring problem and cost advantage, and distorted economic patterns and lack of policy flexibility resulting to issues of poor foreign investment.

The literature on the role of information technology outsourcing (ITO) and on knowledge intensive business services only rarely considers purchasers in developing countries and includes few wide-scale studies. This paper reduces that gap in that it quantifies the effect of ITO on total factor productivity using a sample of 10,100 firms in India. The results show that ITO purchasing brings strong returns and outperforms in-house IT. A comparison with studies from elsewhere reveals that Indian ITO also outperforms IT in a range of circumstances in developed countries. Taken together, these findings support the idea that ITO firms, just like other knowledge intensive business services, can act as a conduit for best practices and tacit knowledge, and that this role is very useful in a developing country context. The implication is that more ITO projects would be good for catching up in developing countries. In India, policy support for the ITO sector should be re-designed to incentivise domestic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Foreign firms have certain advantages which may spillover to domestic firms in the form of improvements in total factor productivity (TFP) growth. The purpose of this paper is to empirically observe the presence of TFP spillovers of foreign direct investment (FDI) to domestic firms through analyzing source of TFP growth in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry. Design/methodology/approach - This paper examines the sources of TFP spillovers of FDI in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry over the period 1999 to 2014. The data of 304 firms has been used for estimation of the growth rates of TFP and its sources under stochastic frontier analyses based Malmquist productivity index framework. For frontier estimation, the Wang and Ho (2010) model has been executed using translog form of production function. Findings - The results show that there exists significant TFP spillover effect from the presence of foreign equity in drugs and pharmaceutical industry of India. The results also show that the major source of TFP fluctuations in the said industry is managerial efficiency that has been significantly affected by FDI spillover variables. In sum, the phenomenon of significant Intra-industry (horizontal) efficiency led productivity spillovers of FDI found valid in case of Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry. Research limitations/implications - The number of foreign firms is very less to imitate the significant impact of foreign investment on TFP growth of Indian pharmaceutical industry at aggregated level; and the Wang and Ho (2010) model is failing to capture direct impact of FDI on technological change under Malmquist framework. Practical implications - Since, there exists dominance of domestic firms in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry, the planners should follow the policy which not only attract FDI but also benefit domestic firms; for example, developing modern infrastructure and institution which will further help domestic firms to absorb spillovers provided by the Multinational Corporations and also accelerate the growth and development of the economy. Social implications - In no case, the foreign firms should dominate the market share otherwise the efficiency spillover effect will be negative and the domestic firms will be destroyed under the self-centric approach of foreign firms protected by the recent patent laws. Originality/value - The study is a unique attempt to discuss the production structure and sources of TFP spillovers of FDI in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry with such a wide coverage of 304 firms over a period of 16 years under Wang and Ho (2010) model's framework. The existing studies on TFP spillovers are using either a small sample size of firms or based upon traditional techniques of measuring spillover effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This research work introduces an imperfect production system where the demand is assumed to be stochastic and it is influenced by random selling price. The shift time from an “in-control” state to an “out-of-control” state is exponentially distributed. The accumulated inventory contains both perfect and defective items which are all sold with a free repair warranty (FRW) offer. Complete back ordering of shortages are taken into account. The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal selling price and hence the optimal production lot size such that the expected profit is maximized.Design/methodology/approach The general model is discussed separately for both types of uniformly distributed selling price-sensitive demand pattern: additive type and multiplicative type. Numerical examples and graphical representations of the optimal solutions are provided to illustrate the models.Findings This paper helps the manager to manage future situations and it may be considered as a base work for the researchers to work in this direction.Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this model is to consider a single item for a single channel system. There are many correlated issues that need to be further investigated. The future study in this direction may include the consideration of multi-items, diverse demand pattern with different types of price distributions.Originality/value In the production inventory literature, plenty of articles are available considering imperfect production but none of them have considered selling price-sensitive stochastic demand where the sales price is random in character under an FRW offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) considered as a growth engine of Indian economy. By its less capital intensive and high labour absorption nature, this sector has made significant contributions to employment generation and also to rural industrialization. However, lack of access to finance and timely credits as well as escalating cost are cited as important reasons for underutilization of the manufacturing capabilities of MSME. State Financial Corporations have been established to provide various types of financial and non-financial assistance to this sector. West Bengal Financial Corporation (WBFC) was setup in the year 1954 with the objective of providing financial assistance to MSME in the state of West Bengal. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the performance of WBFC. Paper is based on secondary data and simple statistical tools and techniques have been used to analyses the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unincorporated enterprises significantly contribute to India's GDP and generate large scale employment. Lack of access to formal credit often constrains these enterprises to scale up. Understanding factors influencing access to formal credit of unincorporated enterprises is important which may help enterprises to improve performance and become credit worthy. For creditors, present analysis may help to broad base the criteria in selection and disbursement of credit. The present paper explores the factors which influence access to formal credit of unincorporated enterprises across states in India. Results show that various operational and economic characteristics influence access to formal credit. The analysis indicates that size of an enterprise (measured in terms of number of workers, total assets, etc.), gross value added, turnover, maintenance of bank account and written statement of accounts, years of operation, adoption of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), female entrepreneur, registration under various statutory acts/authorities, ownership type, enterprise type, type of activities (manufacturing, services or trading), enterprises facing problems, receiving government assistance, state-specific variables, etc. are statistically significant factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to identify the variables contributing to special payouts considering open market repurchase, tender offer repurchases, and special dividends. A multinomial logit model has been used to investigate the choice of payout out of 754 payout announcements made between 2004 and 2017 in India. The study investigates agency cost, shareholder heterogeneity, clientele effect, distribution size, misvaluation, and takeover threat. The MNL results suggest that open market repurchase is chosen when the takeover threat is high, firms are significant, or in case of undervaluation of firms. Tender offer repurchase is preferred in high agency cost, high takeover threat, low shareholder heterogeneity, and undervaluation. The study further investigates the nature of ownership in terms of a business group affiliated and standalone firms. The result of the study suggests the nature of ownership impacts the choice of dividend payout choice. Group affiliated firms are driven by clientele effect and distribution size, and in standalone firms' agency and shareholder heterogeneity holds. The Bayesian approach which is based on the combination of previous information and the current data available is used in the study for MNL. The findings suggest that payout choices of open market repurchase and tender offer repurchase over special dividends are based on misvaluation and shareholder heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data Science is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to retrieve information from huge amounts of data. Data scientists use algorithms, mathematics and science to uncover hidden patterns in data and increase efficiency, productivity, profitability for business. Analytics is used for interpretation, systematic computational analysis and communication of meaningful patterns in data. Effective decision making can be made due to data analytics. To improve business performance organizations apply analytics. This paper visualizes and analyzes the data professionals' salary in India-2022 by using R programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship help in boosting economic growth and development, nurturing entrepreneurship can have a positive impact on an economy and a society in several ways. For starters, entrepreneurs create new business. They invent goods and services, resulting in employment, and often create a ripple effect, resulting in more and more development. For example, after a few information technology companies began in India in the 1990s, businesses in associated industries, like call center operations and hardware providers, began to develop too, offering support services and products. An entrepreneur is someone who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise. An entrepreneur is an agent of change. Entrepreneurship is the process of discovering new ways of combining resources. The youth is the pillar of nation who assist in provide the strength and progress to economy. This research paper aims to investigate the entrepreneurial intention of graduate students, it examine their attitude, intention and behavior towards entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to know how is the intention of students in creating start up, what is the mindset of student in creating new business against job, which kinds of roadblock they assume, which kind of perception they have towards government assistance for entrepreneurship development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is dedicated towards the study of problems; the Indian Industry is facing on the platform of Human Resource development. I concentrated on the issue of "Cost of recruiting 1 new employee is equal to cost of retaining 10 old employees". I prepared this paper after thorough study on different surveys and some popular related research publications to detect the numerous challenges which are faced by mostly organizations in Indian Industry in terms of Human Resource development and tried to carry out a possible solution as the conclusion of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper tries to explore the problems faced by Indian agriculture for food security in terms of inadequate infrastructure and highly inefficient supply chain in context of information technology. This paper broadly covers some of important aspects of agriculture supply chain in India-identification of issues at different levels in the supply chain; transformation in the agriculture due to various supply chain interventions; the role of information management in supply chain: and this paper also covers the suggestion to improve efficiency at different levels in supply chain. The paper concludes that information management plays very important role for development and contemporary issue for agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HR departments of Indian companies have faced volleys of issues in managing people during the slowdown phase. The role and interventions of HR administered in organisations during this phase served as an opportunity for organisations to survive and face the slowdown. This premise has been studied in this paper. The paper also encompasses the HR initiatives of the organisations for solving peoplerelated issues, and discusses structured HR interventions in providing solutions to issues during the downturn phase. Primary data have been collected using personal and telephonic interviews with HR professionals and employees of the organisations using convenient sampling technique as most organisations emphasize on maintaining secrecy and do not intend to share any information. Secondary data have also been used to discuss strategies that facilitate the operations of the organisations during the slowdown phase. The intent of the paper is to provide a template for organisations to focus on HR interventions for future instable business scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management (KM) is crucial for organizations to enhance their sustainability. While the issues of KM have been widely discussed in literature, there is less documentary evidence pertaining to KM adoption, practice and innovation for the Indian industries. The knowledge management practices in Indian organization are in infancy stage. KM is a relatively new business topic with much debate and little empirical data. Therefore, the approach adopted here is to generate data, analyze them and reflect on the themes related to the KM practices being offered by management thinkers. The study focuses on exploring the influencing factors regarding KM in various industries in Chennai. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the main factors affecting the various industries in Chennai in adopting, applying and innovating KM. This study offers a comprehensive platform for future KM research and provides managerial implications for organizations, particularly various enterprises, to better realize the worth of KM and the possible impediments involved in the processes of adopting, implementing and innovation in KM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on green supply chain management (GSCM) or sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) has attracted increased attention in recent years. Although GSCM/SSCM has been studied for developed and developing countries, there has been little information about the adoption of GSCM/SSCM practices in India. This article presents one of the earliest surveys on GSCM practices in Indian manufacturing firms. The items for the survey were developed based on the extant literature and feedback from corporates. Some of the major findings of the survey are as follows. We found that the state of adoption of GSCM practices by Indian firms was still in its infancy, the awareness of environmental sustainability was quite low among consumers, and the regulatory framework was also lacking in terms of promoting environmental sustainability. Results of data analysis showed that supplier collaboration for environmental sustainability had a positive impact on environmentally sustainable product design and logistics, which in turn was positively related to competitiveness and economic performance of the firm. We compared the results with the observations made by other researchers for developed and developing countries and provided managerial implications for the government and manufacturers as to what steps need to be taken to generate awareness towards environmental sustainability and facilitate the adoption of GSCM practices among Indian firms to a greater extent. We conclude the paper by indicating directions for future research on GSCM/SSCM. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In view of the challenges faced by the present day's volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment, high level of flexibility is required for the organizations to sustain and stay competitive. Given the dynamic nature of the pharmaceutical industry in India, the need to be flexible is more pronounced. The Indian pharma sector has witnessed tremendous change in the last several years and hence, it is imperative to explore as to how these firms are addressing the critical issue of flexibility and its consequent linkage with their competitiveness by undertaking a qualitative study to structurally model their inter-relationship. In this paper, a detailed conceptual review of flexibility and competitiveness is presented, after which Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM)—a qualitative method is used for the analysis. TISM is an improvised form of Warfield's structural modeling tool which is used to develop a model using different types of enterprise flexibility and competitiveness for better understanding of the relationship between these factors. The findings of this study will highlight the possible implications for practitioners and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how a "just" enterprise can challenge stigma deeply embedded in culture and in the process develop and prevent a whole new generation of women, in this case the daughters and grand-daughters of sex-workers, from being stigmatized. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on fieldwork interviews this paper, through appreciative inquiry analyses and most significant change questioning, examines the development of an Indian based enterprise called Freeset, a company employing women leaving sex work, and examines its history and its possible future trajectory. Freeset challenges the stigma of these Indian sex-workers, including that perpetuated through patriarchy, by offering alternative work which displays respect for their abilities and dreams and up-skills them to function as leaders in their communities. Findings – While stigma erodes social status by discounting and discrediting persons considered outside the norm, it is possible to challenge that process and change the life trajectory of its victims. Research limitations/implications – Hearing and highlighting the voice of the stigmatized is vital in clarifying a holistic view of stigma and its impact on society. Practical implications – There are significant insights into how values based enterprises might establish their ethos in cultures that discount those values the enterprise upholds. Originality/value – Few enterprises focused on producing social change outcomes develop sustainable business practices that challenge the economic root causes of stigma. Freeset provides new insights into managing diversity issues in a South Asian context to achieve that goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverse Logistics (RL) field is recognized as an imperative field of research across all industry domains. The contribution of the RL practices to the firm's supply chain performance is also well established through various researches. Corporates have started considering RL processes as an integrated strategy in their design and execution of the supply chains. Field research outputs are going in the various sectors in showing the reverse supply chain practices and their increased importance in the system. This research paper reflects a comprehensive analysis of the RL practices with respect to distillery industry in India. The field, distillery industry is highly an unexplored and a complex one. In this domain, the scope for controlled practices in Reverse logistics is having a direct impact on the performance of established supply chain. The paper has attempted a pioneer step to analyze the area of RL operations in distillery Industry by understanding their various factors and their mutual relationship with respect to distillery industry by using established modeling technique ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling). It finally recommends factors to be focused in increasing the RL performance in the Distillery Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value-based accounting has significant impact on financial reporting of organizations. Value-based accounting distinguishes itself from traditional cost-based accounting by including the future outlook. This paper attempts to provide the present scenario of valuebased accounting with respect to Indian industries. It also attempts to apply the valueadded model in Indian industry to understand the relation of value addition with book value of net profits. It tries to measure the performance of organizations on the basis of different value-based accounting. Using the data of organizations included in the BSE 100 index for the year 2009, the paper identifies the contribution of variables belonging to income and expenses to value addition of the organization through regression analysis. It is found that Economic Value-Added (EVA) of Indian organizations is always lower than the accounting profit. However, most of the organizations in India have positive Market Value-Added (MVA). But the continuance of negative EVA in future would also result in negative MVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight about factors affecting Big Data Analytics (BDA) utilization and adoption in Indian firms. Research studies have so far focused on BDA adoption in developed economies. This study examines the factors that influence BDA usage and adoption in the context of emerging economies.Design/methodology/approach This study proposed a theoretical model of factors influencing BDA utilization and adoption. Two independent research streams – first, the top managers’ perceived strategic value (PSV) in BDA and second, the factors that influence the adoption of BDA theoretically – have been integrated with the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. In the BDA context, there was a theoretical necessity to identify the driver and barriers of BDA from the TOE framework on PSV and adoption of BDA. A qualitative exploratory study using face-to-face semi-structured interviews was carried out to collect data from 22 different enterprises and service providers in India. India was selected as the context as it is one of the fastest growing large economies of the world with huge potential of BDA to improve the business landscape.Findings The results showed that the major reason behind BDA non-adoption is that the organizations did not realize the strategic value (SV) of BDA, and they were not ready to make the changes because of technological, organizational and environmental difficulties. The findings corroborate previous results about significant factors affecting IT adoption and implementation and provide new and interesting insights. The main factors identified as playing a significant role in organizations’ adoption of BDA were SV of BDA, complexity, compatibility, IT assets, top management support, organization data environment, perceived costs, external pressure and industry type.Research limitations/implications The main limitation related to this study is the difficulty in generalizing the findings to a larger population of enterprises. To overcome this, a statistical survey has been planned to be conducted in the future.Practical implications The BDA adoption model in this study will have both managerial implications for practitioners in India, as well as those in other developing countries, and academic implications for researchers who are interested in BDA adoption in developing counties, in terms of formulating better strategies for BDA adoption. For managers, using the research model of this study could assist in increasing their understanding of why some organizations choose to adopt BDA, while similar ones facing similar conditions do not. Also, the understanding of the strategic utilization of BDA in different business processes may improve the adoption of BDA in organizations.Originality/value This paper contributes in exploring and enhancing the understanding of the factors affecting the utilization and adoption of BDA in organizations from an Indian perspective. This study is an attempt to develop and explore a BDA adoption model by the fusion of PSV and TOE framework. The effect of the three contexts of this framework (technological, organizational and environmental) on the strategic utilization of BDA has been studied for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that the number of women in top positions in corporate world in India is very less or even negligible except one or two cases here and there. We can find many women employees in lower levels and middle levels of the management but as we go up the corporate ladder their number decreases exponentially. Whatever ways the government trying to encourage them to boost their numbers, their number always remained very low at the board levels. This paper studies the reasons and remedies for this. It suggests few recommendations also to follow to increase their number in the top positions. This paper is based on a research conducted on the women employees in private sector companies about their aspirations and the preferences between the family and career etc. The responses are analysed and presented in the form this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prediction of stock prices has become an important area of research in the field of financial analytics and has garnered a lot of attention among academicians. Drawing on the literature on application of econometric tools and also machine learning techniques, this paper presents a framework for predicting stock returns using three unsupervised feature selection techniques, four predictive modeling techniques and finally an ensemble combining the four predictive modeling techniques. To design the ensemble, evolutionary algorithm is applied. In order to assess the results of our study, four different performance measures, namely, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Index of Agreement (IA) have been utilized. Our feature selection results indicate that all explanatory variables are not significant for different classes of companies and also for different time periods. This gives us insight into the fact that, for stock returns prediction, one has to be careful of the predictors to be chosen. Further, results indicate that for all the forecasting methods, namely, random forest, bagging, boosting and support vector regression, forecasting efficiency for large cap and mid-cap firms was better than that of small cap firms. Statistical analysis through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) suggests that of all four predictive modeling techniques, boosting was the most efficient technique for forecasting the stock returns. We then proceeded to construct an ensemble of the above four methods. In terms of all four measurement metrics, performance of the proposed ensemble was better in both training and testing phase as compared to the efficiency of the individual predictive modeling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE THERE is little research on the Insider trading due to organic and inorganic growth of the organizations taking place across the globe. This paper is attempted to study the amount of special knowledge insider posses as well as people might earn from special knowledge at the time of merger and the intermediaries involved. Although it is difficult to blame any individual or organization on the charges of insider trading in the absence of legal judgment. This paper is an attempt to position India with regard to insider trading in a global environment. The paper had attempted to explain the role of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) and High courts and Completion Commission Of India (CCI) during the meager process of two big Pharmacy ceutical Indian Business organization in the process of merger and reason for abnormal gains in a flat market and possibility of insider trading. Design/Methodology/Approach:. This study is to identify the factors responsible for rise in prices of shares of companies before and after the announcement of merger of listed Parma Company with another Nifty Parma company. The focus of this study is to establish the relationship for rise in prices of shares of companies before and after the announcement of merger of top listed Parma Company with another Nifty company. The data used in this study is of health care CNX Pharmacy as independent variable and Company involved in the merger over the period (-10+10) from the date of event by using event based regression method The attempt of this study is to identify the basis of trading that took place near the event of merger. Findings: There are abnormal returns associated with the announcement of pharmacy merger in India. The returns are to the tune of 387 % in Company B and approximately 58% for Company A. The abnormal gains in flat market give rise to suspicion insider trading might be reason for abnormal gains due to merger of Two Indian Business Organizations. Research Limitations/Implications: This study has no meaning in the absence of regularity mechanism. Indian legal system took action against small companies and broker such as Harshad Mehta, who died in jail or Ketan Pareek, another broker. The SEBI has not taken any legal action against any big corporate on the charge of insider trading in India. On the other side USA has taken lot of step in this direction and provided leadership on insider trading. Practical Implications: This study is one of the few systematic empirical researches in the scientific paradigm, being carried out on insider trading in India.. There are few research works on insider trading and literature on insider trading is limited. This study is a modest attempt to create awareness on this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the determinants of capital structure and their long-run equilibrium relationships with firm-specific and macroeconomic indicators for Indian manufacturing firms. Design/methodology/approach: The study is conducted using the panel semi-parametric and non-parametric regression models to identify the key determinants of capital structure. Panel cointegration models are also employed for analyzing the long-run equilibrium association of capital structure with its determinants. Findings: The study finds that each manufacturing sector has unique determinants of capital structure. The debt level is significantly affected by asset tangibility, growth opportunity, effective tax rate, non-debt tax shield, cash flow, profitability, firm size, foreign investment, government borrowing, economic growth, and interest rate. All these firm-specific and macroeconomic variables have strong long-run equilibrium relationship with capital structure as a whole. Practical Implication of the Study: The study analyzes the determinants of capital structure for eight manufacturing sectors of India, which helps firm managers and policy-makers to identify appropriate factors that maximize firm value. The sector-specific features of firms may lead to a new path with regard to corporate governance and ownership structure to enhance stakeholder's satisfaction. Originality/value: The use of semi-parametric and non-parametric panel regression models to analyze the determinants of capital structure, and the use of panel cointegration approach to explore the long-run equilibrium relationship between the determinants and its factors are the unique contributions of the present research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the embedding of information and communication technology (ICT) tools in everyday practices among underserved populations in urban India. Using ethnographic investigations of PC-aided micro- and small enterprises (MSEs) in a low-income slum neighborhood in Mumbai, it pursued three broad research goals: first, to etch out organic ICT immersions in underserved technology environments; second, to articulate a new and evolving socio-technical system in an urban slum ecology; third, to seek a fit between goals of ICT for development and impacts of PC-aided enterprise on ICT access and adoption. Based on the ICT4D 2.0 approach interrogating the technology-for-development discourse, this paper substantiates the need for a “new view of the world's poor: one that views the poor not as passive consumers but agile agents and innovative producers of ICT products and services.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor performance of Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) in the 1980s made reform increasingly urgent in the context of the broader strategy of liberalization of the economy to deal with the perceived weaknesses of India's development strategy in general and PSEs in particular. In this context, this paper tries to analyze the performance of Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSE) against the backdrop of liberalization measures introduced in the 1990s and afterward. The paper makes an assessment on the basis of some selected indicators for the period of 1980-81 to 2008-09. The findings suggest that the PSEs' performance was better in all the indicators in the post-liberalization regime compared to the pre-reform period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine how corporations in India interpret corporate social responsibility (CSR). Focusing on four commonly known approaches: the ethical, the statist, the liberal, and the stakeholder approach, the paper seeks to investigate the reported drivers and barriers to implementing CSR practices.Design/methodology/approach – The paper surveyed top-level managers of a sample of companies currently engaging in a CSR initiative, representing a variety of industry sectors.Findings – The study finds that the CSR approach that is most favored by Indian firms is the stakeholder approach and that the caring or the moral motive, followed by the strategic or profit motive, are important drivers for Indian firms to pursue CSR. Further, the results indicate that the most significant obstacles to CSR implementation are those related to lack of resources, followed by those related to the complexity and difficulty of implementing CSR.Research limitations/implications – The study focuses on the activities of leading Indian firms participating in the UN Global Compact (GC), thereby restricting one's knowledge of CSR practices of non-participants. Future research should expand on this effort either by conducting comparative studies of non-participants to the GC, or by investigating CSR practices of firms engaging in other voluntary initiatives.Originality/value – The majority of studies on CSR are still embedded in the economic and organizational contexts of Europe and the USA. This research aims to address this gap by focusing on the CSR framework of developing nations, particularly the emerging market of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to investigate the literature and statistical data on the Indian takeover code cum open offers market and break up the historical changes in takeover code into various phases for better understanding and decision making by mergers and acquisitions advisory, legal advisory, merchant bankers, investment bankers, business houses and academia. Design/methodology/approach -- The present study describes literature summary on takeover code and evaluates the growth phase of open offers through trend analysis with respect to amendments in Indian takeover code. Findings -- Since 14 years of takeover code presence in India, it evidences that there is an empirical support on growth phase in the open offers market. Research limitations/implications -- The study is developed on the basis of Indian takeover regulations and Securities and Exchange Board of India takeover code to wake up the public shareholding and regulatory bodies, by better conveyance of historical review at one place. Originality/value -- This study is the first of its kind, dividing the complete history of Indian takeover code into various phases for review and identifying the gaps for future research. Further, the paper investigates and finds various untouched facts and variables in both literature and statistical data on open offers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]