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The Indian government made Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) mandatory in 2013 by amending the Companies Act, complicating research studies on the topic. This paper is a bibliometric analysis of recent trends in research on CSR in India. VOSViewer is employed to visualize networks such as keyword co-occurrences and author collaborations. With the help of BibExcel, other aspects of bibliometric analysis are carried out. Based on an analysis of 685 papers/retrieved articles from Scopus, the study finds that a company's financial performance has become central to CSR orientation in recent years. Co-occurring keywords suggest that sustainability issue is becoming important and that CSR fosters a positive brand image of companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditure to the firms in the mandatory regime in India. The paper has its theoretical basis from the instrumental aspect of the Stakeholder theory, which assumes a positive influence of CSR over financial performance. Therefore, the study hypothesizes that the firms which fulfil the CSR expenditure requirement will exhibit higher stock returns and lower systematic risk. Since India mandated CSR in the year 2014, the data of four years (2016-2019) for the sample of 426 National Stock Exchange (NSE) listed Indian firms are taken to employ the OLS regression method. The CSR expenditure in the mandatory regime was not found to be relevant to the firms because of an insignificant positive impact of mandatory CSR expenditure on stock returns. Thus, the instrumental aspect is not supported by the findings. However, the findings indicate a decrease in the systematic risk of the firms. Only a few studies in India investigated this phenomenon in the mandatory regime. Further, the contributions of the study to the CSR literature are fairly useful from the perspective of firms, investors, policy-makers, regulators, scholars, and countries that are planning for legislating CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations are increasingly engaging in socially and environmentally sustainable initiatives. This paper focuses on the institutional isomorphism mechanisms to analyse the organizational adoption of sustainable manufacturing practices like eco-design, source reduction, and environmental management practices. This paper empirically examines the role of institutional influence in the organizational adoption of sustainable manufacturing practices among firms in India. The results of this study confirm the significance of the three institutional isomorphism mechanisms in influencing sustainable responses, but not all mechanisms influence the organizational response equally. In particular, the results show a strong influence of self-regulatory normative isomorphism on the implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Corporate Social Responsibility, or CSR is voluntary commitment on the part of the corporate sector to undertake activities for improving the community wellbeing. This paper aims at reviewing and analyzing the CSR policies and practices adopted by some of the large Indian Companies with the help of their Annual Reports and the Business Responsibility Reports for the financial years 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The prime objective of this paper is to ascertain whether there will be any significant change in their CSR spending numerically and project volume-wise after the enactment of the Companies Act 2013 and to assess the impact of the recent enactment on their overall CSR spending. This paper also aims at finding whether the CSR policies and programmes of these companies have any strategic approach towards responsible growth and if it is, whether it is linked to their core business or to the long term sustainability of Indian Economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine how corporations in India interpret corporate social responsibility (CSR). Focusing on four commonly known approaches: the ethical, the statist, the liberal, and the stakeholder approach, the paper seeks to investigate the reported drivers and barriers to implementing CSR practices.Design/methodology/approach – The paper surveyed top-level managers of a sample of companies currently engaging in a CSR initiative, representing a variety of industry sectors.Findings – The study finds that the CSR approach that is most favored by Indian firms is the stakeholder approach and that the caring or the moral motive, followed by the strategic or profit motive, are important drivers for Indian firms to pursue CSR. Further, the results indicate that the most significant obstacles to CSR implementation are those related to lack of resources, followed by those related to the complexity and difficulty of implementing CSR.Research limitations/implications – The study focuses on the activities of leading Indian firms participating in the UN Global Compact (GC), thereby restricting one's knowledge of CSR practices of non-participants. Future research should expand on this effort either by conducting comparative studies of non-participants to the GC, or by investigating CSR practices of firms engaging in other voluntary initiatives.Originality/value – The majority of studies on CSR are still embedded in the economic and organizational contexts of Europe and the USA. This research aims to address this gap by focusing on the CSR framework of developing nations, particularly the emerging market of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business houses cannot consider themselves solely as a money making entity. Being benef iciaries and some of the biggest consumers of various social and natural resources, it's their moral and ethical duty to give back to the society in various forms. Instead of being seen only as charity, corporate social responsibility should be considered as a vital part of the core business of a business entity. Companies upon realizing this reality have started setting aside substantial portion of their prof its for various CSR activities and Indian companies are also not an exception to it. There are primarily two reasons behind companies becoming more socially responsible- the f irst one being the external reality of a rapidly changing society and environment which makes it obligatory for business organizations to adopt sustainable development for their own sheer survival, the second one being the internal reality of business innovation which makes it imperative to practice corporate social responsibility to become more prof itable. Though a relatively new concept in India, it has picked up pace in the last decade or so due to both government prodding and also due to the realization by companies of CSR activities as an excellent way to connect with the populace. CSR is not only the various activities companies employ to utilize their prof its for various social and environmental development, but also consists of the socially responsible methods to earn these prof its and running a transparent business to realize an overall social and environmental sustainability. The present paper will try to explore the various aspects of corporate social responsibilities and will also try to assess the roles played by Indian companies in carrying out various types of CSR activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate Social Responsibility is very important for society, customers, stakeholders and suppliers etc. Social responsibility can be profitable as it is possible for companies to build and prosper shareholders' value by solving social problems. This study explores the Corporate Social Responsibilities adopted by Maharatna Companies. Each company's annual report has been studied and most recent CSR activities have been noted to find out, "Is Corporate Social Responsibility adopted as a Business Strategy". To provide an answer to the question the CSR literature has been examined from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The purpose of the paper is to create a synergy between Corporate Social Responsibility and core business activities and to analyze & compare the expenses incurred on CSR activities. The paper uses past three year data to find out percentage of three year's average Profit after Tax incurred on CSR activities. Line graphs and column graphs are used to show the turnover, Profit after Tax and CSR expenditure of Maharatna companies. Correlation between PAT and CSR expenditure is found out to show if there is any increase in PAT as we increase CSR expenditure. Data collected from annual reports of companies show that they are creating a synergy between CSR and business activities. Findings show that, expenses on CSR in 2013-14 in Maharatna companies have undoubtedly increased as compared to the previous years but still only a small percentage of the CSR's planned expenditure is actually spent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the commitment by the enterprises to integrate social, environmental and ethical concerns into its business process to make contributions to the community and society. The New Companies Act 2013 has mandated CSR for the companies with effect from April 2014. This paper focuses on the CSR spend made by corporate India and its composition. The paper also aims to study the relation between CSR spend, ownership structure, market capitalization and industry classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate philanthropy is a highly misunderstood & misinterpreted term in India, people often interlink this two term which are having altogether a different prospective. Some Indian companies believe that they are complying with laws & regulations fulfill their need for social responsibility. A corporate must take these activities with sincerity in order to provide a growth full nation. Although India is a favorable business destination but unless poor people have equity in the growth of economy, India can never achieve the title of super economy. Corporate social responsibility is one such important area of corporate behavior & governance that needs to be given thorough importance. At the same time csr is one such effective tool that synergizes the efforts of corporate & the social sector agencies towards sustainable growth & development of the societal objectives at large. This paper emphasizes that how CSR has become a ladder for development of any corporate organizations. This paper tries to bring out CSR initiatives taken by various organizations in India. An emphasis has been made in order to have an understanding about how corporate are utilizing the initiates at name of philanthropy and counting them to be there CSR activity and how the upcoming ceiling of mandatory 2% CSR is getting on their nerves and making them to enter and explore some hidden unexplored arenas of governance. This paper is completely a work based on articles and secondary data so collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) as we understand it today has existed in India in various forms. During the pre-industrial era, CSR was practiced largely in the form of charitable donations. In the early twentieth century, the Gandhian ideology of trusteeship dominated the field of CSR. More recently, India has become the first country to make CSR mandatory for companies of certain size. The legal genesis of CSR can be traced to December 2007 when the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) instructed the scheduled commercial banks about their duties, exhorting them to undertake CSR activities. Various guidelines regarding the social, environmental, and economic responsibilities of business enterprises issued by Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) contributed to the formalization of CSR law in India through Section 135 and Schedule VII of the Companies Act 2013. In this context, the paper aims to (a) trace the evolution of CSR in India; (b) review the debate surrounding the question of statutory CSR; and (c) analyze implications for companies and the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the relationship between CSR rating and financial parameters (sales and profit before tax) and age of companies, in India. Using a quantitative methodology, the study found that profit is more correlated to CSR rating as compared to sales and age of the companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility is the persisting commitment by the business to contribute to the environment by indulging in activities to contribute to the improvement of the workforce and the families including the local community and the society. A company is a part of the society, and it has a certain duty and responsibility towards the employees, residents and the shareholders of the entire community. Hence, it is a really important that the corporation renders its services in the development of the society, and essential for healthy conduction of business. The ongoing scenario to make corporate social responsibility compulsory has drawn lot of stark criticism from the corporations. The present paper dwells comprehensively upon the concept of CSR, from its inception as philanthropy till its journey to a form where now it is mandatory to be sensitive about CSR in businesses with special reference to the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turn of the century has witnessed a paradigm shift in business objectives. The economic objective of profit earning, though essential, is insufficient to satisfy the ever-growing and divergent needs of a myriad of stakeholders that modern corporations have to contend with. The corporation, being a legal entity, is viewed as any other citizen in the society, having its rights and duties. Hence, the concepts of corporate citizenship and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have come into vogue. CSR initiatives, to really bear fruit, must result in a mutuality of benefits for the society/stakeholders as well as for the corporation itself. CSR initiatives should be so integrated and internalized by the corporations that they are placed at the very heart of the business and not merely as an appendage to it. Corporations that have understood this mantra of corporate success have internalized the benefits flowing from responsible corporate citizenship and can hope to reap rich dividends in terms of improved corporate reputation, gaining consumers' trust, employee motivation and retention and favorable market positioning, just to name a few. This paper seeks to study how some Indian companies at the forefront of corporate citizenship have integrated their CSR initiatives with their business strategy, rather than undertaking some unfocused CSR measures simply as a knee-jerk reaction to external societal pressures. Such a study may throw some light on the question as to why an organization contributes to social cause and what it expects to gain in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose — This paper sets out to explore the trends of social responsibility of the corporate sector in India. Design/methodology/approach — The methodology being followed in the paper is exploratory in nature as data are scanty. An analysis has been done on an overall score drawn from a structured questionnaire being administered. Findings — Trends in socially responsible initiatives are both positive and crucial in nature in India. Research limitations/implications — The vastness of the corporate activities in a big country like India, on the one hand, and the scanty data availability, on the other, lead to issues being restricted in some sectors. Practical implications — This research has a tremendous effect on society with respect to the CSR approach being conceived, adopted and initiated by UN Global Compact. Originality/value — The paper has touched on the cutting-edge research initiatives in the field of CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates public sector enterprises' corporate social responsibility expenditure (spent & unspent), firm age and debt financing using signalling theory. The study employed feasible generalized least square (FGLS) and linear regression with panel-correlated standard errors (PCSE) to analyze data from 107 public sector firms with 1060 firm-year observations from 2011 to 2020. The first findings show that corporate social responsibility expenditure (spent) causes access to debt financing. The second findings show firm age causes access to debt financing (natural logarithm of total debt and total leverage ratio). The third findings show that unspent corporate social responsibility expenditure causes negative access to debt finance. The stakeholder frown on firms that do not utilize their allotted corporate social responsibility funds for the year. Lastly, firm age and not unspent corporate social responsibility expenditure positively moderate the association between corporate social responsibility expenditure and debt financing. The study is limited to firms that are central public sector undertakings and have a majority stake by the central government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies Act, 2013 has come into effect in India recently. Previously, Indian companies were under the control of Companies Act, 1956. In Companies Act, 1956, there were no provisions regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR). Therefore, it was practiced only by few Indian companies voluntarily and they would report it in the way as they deemed fit. In this background, presence of a structured legal framework for CSR was badly needed. Keeping this in mind, Companies Act, 2013 has provided some important and contemporary provisions regarding CSR practice and reporting and these provisions came into effect from 1st April, 2014. Now, the companies which satisfy the required conditions as laid down in the act must spend a specific percentage of their net profit for CSR activities and report it each year. Standing on this situation, in this present paper, it has been attempted to review the scenario of CSR practice and reporting by some major Indian companies. A sample of ten companies has been selected for this purpose. On the basis of their merit in complying the CSR provisions, they have been ranked. The conclusion is that the selected companies have already initiated good CSR projects and they have the intention to perform their social responsibilities in the coming years in a better way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute an international perspective to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability (Sus) discussions by examining CSR/Sus reporting practices of the 200 largest state-owned and private companies in India. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct a case study at the Danish carpet manufacturer EGE. The authors interpret the case from the perspective of pragmatic constructivism, which focusses on the integration of four dimensions: facts, possibilities, values, and communication. Findings – The analyses showed that while most companies share CSR/Sus information through their websites they associate different levels of importance to this communication. However, the study found that overall the CSR/Sus climate in India is showing signs of positive reform. Research limitations/implications – Being among the first, this study provides a framework for future studies to continue exploring CSR/Sus context in India, a country that despite its growing importance and influence has been largely ignored in the CSR/Sus literature. Practical/implications – The study outlines the current CSR/Sus reporting trends and best practices in India that can help managers and organizations identify issues and topics that they could channel their resources and efforts into to maximize returns and benefits in this area. Social/implications – This study provides insights into how corporations in an emerging and complex economy such as India are assuming roles of corporate citizens and are actively using web-based communication to engage and interact with stakeholders on issues that are of general concern. Originality/value – The value of this study is in providing empirical insights into the strategies that Indian companies use to report on their CSR/Sus policies and commitments. The study is among the first to examine CSR in India from a sustainability perspective, and evaluate compliance with global reporting standards among top corporations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of strategic corporate communication (SCC) activities and its impact in Indian service sector organizations. Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive research design was used with data obtained from 227 executives from service sector organizations. A research instrument was constructed and measures of SCC and its impact were derived through factor analysis. Findings – Multiple regression analysis led to formulation of new relationships among the variables (messages, medium and stakeholders) involved in SCC and its impact. For example, in crisis situations, messages related to identity and image were associated with greater communication impact than were other types of messages. Similarly communicating with primary stakeholders like employees and customers was more important than with other stakeholders. Among the different types of medium used in SCC, virtual medium and disclosures led to greater communication impact. Originality/value – Communication impact due to SCC was a multi-dimensional construct comprising of three kinds of impacts: communication synergy; value representation; and organizational reliability. The relationships of messages, mediums and stakeholders with different types of SCC Impact can help practitioners design and implement effective strategies of corporate communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not a new concept in the present scenario.CSR is a continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as the local community and society at large. After replacement of the Company Act 1956 by Corporate Act 2013, certain changes have been made. Earlier CSR was not mandatory for the Indian companies but after enforcement of Corporate Act 2013 it has become mandatory for those companies whose turnover is more than Rs. 1000 crore or net worth is more than Rs. 500 crore or net profit is more than Rs5 crore. Such companies implement the CSR practice in their business and expend on CSR activities which should be 2% of their net profit. CSR is a concept where an organisation considers the interest of society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders. CSR policies, practices, and programmes are being comprehensively integrated by an increasing number of companies throughout their business operations and processes. This research paper highlights the concept, philosophy, role of CSR in value creation. How Indian companies are treating CSR activities in contemporary environment. In this study we found that community welfare, education and enlightening rural youth is the top priority areas for most Indian Companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The question of whether socially responsible stocks outperform or underperform general stockshas been of keen interest for various researchers and academicians. This paper seeks to empirically examine the performance of socially responsible portfolios across various sectors and index of socially responsible and general companies in Indian stock market. Design/Methodology/Approach: We have taken up S&P ESG and CNX NIFTY as the indices of socially responsible and general companies respectively. ESG index has been classified into six different sectors on the basis of GICS. Performance has been evaluated in terms of risk, return and various risk-adjusted measures like Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Double Sharpe ratio, Modified Sharpe ratio, M2 measure, Jensen's alpha, Fama's decomposition measure, etc. We have also checked whether market model is sufficient to explain cross sectional variation in stock returns or we need Fama-French three factor model. The study period ranges from January 1996 – December 2013 and it is further divided into different sub-periods. Findings: We find that socially responsible stocks across IT, FMCG and financial sectors are well rewarding in Indian stock market by generating significantly higher returns and outperforming the two indices on the basis of risk-adjusted measures employed during 18 year period and different sub-periods. The results uphold even with the use of market model and Fama-French three factor model by generating highest significant excess returns. Originality/Value: There is no empirical evidence on the performance evaluation of socially responsible portfolios across different sectors. Hence this study is first of its kind. This will help investors in selecting best sector for investment in socially responsible companies. Implications: Significant higher returns of ESG index and socially responsible stocks across different sectors make Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) a betterinvestment vehicle for investors in India. This is the time when general companies should change their approach and agenda towards CSR and start considering ESG issues as their investment themes. The regulators, policy makers and mutual funds should come up with different socially responsible products and sectoral indices to initiate the movement of SRI across different sectors in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethics refers to moral demands regarding the business and is based on a theory of the relationship between business and society. Ethics is a good business investment that generates trust and confidence between the parties and in turn guarantees long-term performance. Corporate identity is formed in the way a company manages the stakeholder claims through its values and actions. This paper attempts to define different nonfinancial parameters of ethical identity based on corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and sustainability and measure the extent of ethical practices followed in selected companies based on these parameters. Using Kruskal Wallis analysis, it was found that there is a significant difference between different industries in following and reporting ethical practices in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business enterprises consume the resources of the society for manufacturing of goods and services. Now in the process of creation of business utilities like form utility, time utility, ownership utility, etc., both the ecosystem and the society get severely affected due to Green House Gases (GHG) emission and other hazardous activities, thereby creating a social obligation on the corporate houses to take care of the society and uphold the tenet of 'People', 'Planet' and 'Profit'. In view of the growing importance and mandatory requirements under Companies Act, 2013, for the companies to undertake Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) subject to certain requirements, it is of paramount research interest to reconnoiter the social and financial dimensions of select companies of eight core sectors of Indian economy, i.e., Coal, Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Refinery Products, Fertilizers, Steel, Cement and Electricity. The basis for undertaking a study of the above-mentioned core sectors are that most of the core sector-based companies by nature of their activities emit GHG, utilize non-renewable resources, constitute 40.27% of the weight of items included in the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), contribute substantially to the Gross Domestic Product of India, etc. The social and relationship capital will be studied for both public and private sector companies and correlation analysis among CSR expenditure and Earnings Before Interest and Tax (EBIT) and CSR and Profits After Tax (PAT) will be done to understand the relationship between CSR activities and the mentioned financial variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandatory disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting forces supply chain members to consider CSR issues in developed countries. Researchers have viewed CSR content within different themes, such as human (social), ethical and environmental perspectives. So far, in India, very little research has been done to study the impact of human issues in employment (social), ethical issues in business operations and pollution (environmental) issues at both regional and specific sector level. This paper emphasises the perspective view of supplier selection, considering CSR issues as opposed to traditional methods using conventional selection criteria such as cost, quality, delivery and service. It employs six CSR criteria such as discrimination, abuse of human rights, child labour, long working hours, unfair competition and pollution to assess small- and medium-sized suppliers who produce and deliver products to the automotive and textile industry sectors. The results of this study indicate that to prevent discrimination against pay variation, minimise cases of abuse of human rights and incidence of child labour, suppliers must put in place proper policies and procedures regarding employment contract, identification and verification records. Furthermore, to reduce unfair competition, suppliers of both automotive and textile sectors may introduce processes for investigating reports of unethical conducts and take severe disciplinary action. The suppliers of both automotive and textile sectors believe that the competitive advantage can be achieved through environmental oriented business practices. However, they differ in their approaches in attaining this objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The business environment in the developing economies has changed dramatically due to major economic policies such as liberalization and globalization. The emerging competitive pressures in the business environment in recent years have demanded that firms examine their philanthropic and other socially responsible activities. Organizations have realized the need for aligning corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives with their specific business strategies. Nevertheless, such an alignment between CSR initiatives and business strategy has several organizational and managerial implications. In this paper, key dimensions of integrating stakeholder engagement through an innovative supply chain strategy are explored through a case study of a leading watch manufacturer in India. This exploratory study reveals that organizations can achieve business benefits while simultaneously serving the community by integrating suitable stakeholders as part of their business operations. It also shows that a deeper understanding of the needs of communities, appropriate societal mapping and organizational commitment will ensure success in integrating CSR and supply chain strategy. The paper concludes with implications for practice and directions for further research.Asian Business & Management (2009) 8, 205–223. doi:10.1057/abm.2009.6 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how the Indian CSR law has been implemented and enforced by companies and industries situated in the Malwa region of Punjab state in India. Malwa region, one of the most industrialized clusters of the state, is also simultaneously one of its most polluted areas. Given the severe health effects that these polluting industries cause, implementing the law on CSR in its true spirit is of grave importance. This study uses in-depth interviews of the intended project beneficiaries to determine the state of implementation of the Indian CSR regulatory framework for the selected geographical region. Using the above methodology, this article suggests that businesses should strive at mitigation of the risks of their production and manufacturing activities to the community and the environment. Rather, CSR is viewed by companies as donating part of the companies' profits to CSR activities, and undertaking social-welfare activities to meet statutory obligations. Hence, this article further determines that there is a need to implement the CSR law in its true spirit by developing an understanding among the companies on the concept and importance of CSR, which goes beyond profit donations. This article concludes with several policy recommendations that can be utilized by the government to strengthen the state of implementation of the law in not only the Malwa region, but also the entire country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the results of an empirical investigation of the extent of voluntary disclosure by 38 listed banking companies in India. It also reports the results of the association between company specific characteristics and voluntary disclosure of the sample companies. The study reveals that Indian banks are disclosing a considerable amount of voluntary information. The findings also indicate that size and assets-in-place are significant and other variables such as age, diversification, board composition, multiple exchange listing and complexity of business are insignificant in explaining the level of disclosure. However, this paper has contributed to the academic literature that financial institutions provide voluntary corporate information including social information as discharging their social responsibility and corporate citizenship. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines the impact of employees' perception of their employer's corporate social responsibility (CSR) on their in-role and extra-role behaviors. In addition to examining the direct association between the study variables, the study goes a step ahead and explores the boundary conditions of CSR effects on employee performance. Specifically, the relationship between CSR perceptions and employee performance was proposed to be stronger for the employees who place high importance on CSR activities for an organization. Data were collected from 187 subordinate/supervisor dyads from select business organizations in India. Results of hierarchical regression analysis reveal significant influence of employees' CSR perceptions on both their job performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). However, the study rules out any significant effect of importance placed by employees on CSR efforts of an employer on the strength of the relationship between CSR and employee performance. The study addresses to the call for more micro-level CSR research and advances the literature by providing evidence on the proposed set of relationships from developing economy of India. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The empirical evidence from the extant literature has been equivocal regarding the influence exerted by different ownership types on corporate social responsibility (CSR), especially in developing countries such as India characterized by institutional voids. We use a longitudinal panel dataset of 500 large Indian companies to test a model of corporate ownership forms as key determinants of CSR engagement in India. Based on neo-institutional theory, our model of CSR determinants investigates the roles of three salient aspects of ownership namely multinational ownership/affiliation, state ownership and family ownership and control, after controlling for the influence of firm size, firm age, leverage, the availability of slack resources, profitability and various governance attributes. Our ordered logit regressions indicate strong support for the role of multinational ownership and family control and management in promoting higher levels of CSR engagement. Contrary to expectations, public sector ownership appeared to negatively impact CSR engagement. We offer our conjectures on this anomalous finding and the research possibilities it opens up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACT As part of their business practices, the Indian government has made it mandatory for companies who have a turnover of 500 crores and above to spend 2 per cent of their net profits from the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility (CSR). This article proposes to examine the issue of whether this enforced philanthropic responsibility of companies is helpful to both society and the organization. With the philanthropic approach it is not necessary for the organization to fulfill its responsibilities toward those who work in and for the organization, its customers and to the ecological system in general. Achieving both organizational growth and social development requires a shift from a philanthropic approach to a humanistic approach on the part of companies and the government, accommodating all its stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising importance of CSR over the last few decades has stirred the interest of academia and corporate on the subject. CSR attracted attention in the Indian context with the implementation of the Companies Bill, 2013, which mandated firms to invest 2 per cent of their net profits in social activities. The linkages between CSR and profitability using factors such as corporate reputation, competition intensity, and advertising have been tested in the developed countries. These linkages have sparsely been tested in emerging economies such as India, which motivated me to conduct this study. Neville et al. (2005) proposed a theoretical model integrating stakeholders, and internal and external factors influencing the CSR-FP relationship. This study modified and used Neville’s et al. (2005) model to test the proposed linkage in the Indian context. Structural Equation Modeling revealed a significant relationship between CSR Intensity and corporate reputation; significant role of social initiative and corporate strategy fit in enhancing the corporate reputation of a firm; and a significant role of advertising and promotion in enhancing corporate reputation. Other variables such as competitive intensity, supplier power, customer power and employee power were found to have no significant role on the proposed relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we aim at determining whether government involvement in CSR activity is desirable or counterproductive. We analyze the effects of government involvement in CSR by studying the Indian Companies Act, 2013, and estimating its effects by examining forty-seven top Indian companies coming under this Act on three crucial parameters: level of financial contribution to CSR, operating system of CSR, and the kind of CSR activities undertaken by the companies. Many companies under study already contributed their profits to CSR activities and have operating systems. Most CSR activities of the companies under study are also in compliance with the regulated activities of the new Act. Therefore, government involvement in CSR by regulation is not likely to have much negative effect on companies but can create positive developmental environments for communities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study examines whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards primary stakeholders influences the financial and the non-financial performance (NFP) of Indian firms. Perceptual data on CSR and NFP were collected from 150 senior-level Indian managers including CEOs through questionnaire survey. Hard data on financial performance (FP) of the companies were obtained from secondary sources. A questionnaire for assessing CSR was developed with respect to six stakeholder groups – employees, customers, investors, community, natural environment, and suppliers. A composite measure of CSR was obtained by aggregating the six dimensions. Findings indicate that stock-listed firms show responsible business practices and better FP than the non-stock-listed firms. Controlling confounding effects of stock-listing, ownership, and firm size, a favorable perception of managers towards CSR is found to be associated with increase in FP and NFP of firms. Such findings hold good when CSR is assessed for the six stakeholder groups in aggregate and for each stakeholder group in segregate. Findings suggest that responsible business practices towards primary stakeholders can be profitable and beneficial to Indian firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]