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Purpose: To compare weekly training, game, and overall (training and games) demands across phases of the regular season in basketball. Methods: Seven semiprofessional, male basketball players were monitored during all on-court team-based training sessions and games during the regular season. External monitoring variables included PlayerLoad™ and inertial movement analysis events per minute. Internal monitoring variables included a modified summated heart rate zones model calculated per minute and rating of perceived exertion. Linear mixed models were used to compare training, game, and overall demands between 5-week phases (early, middle, and late) of the regular season with significance set at P ≤ .05. Effect sizes were calculated between phases and interpreted as: trivial, small, 0.20 to 0.59; moderate, 0.60 to 1.19; large, 1.20 to 1.99; very large, ≥2.00. Results: Greater (P > .05) overall inertial movement analysis events (moderate–very large) and rating of perceived exertion (moderate) were evident in the late phase compared with earlier phases. During training, more accelerations were evident in the middle (P = .01, moderate) and late (P = .05, moderate) phases compared with the early phase, while higher rating of perceived exertion (P = .04, moderate) was evident in the late phase compared with earlier phases. During games, nonsignificant, trivial–small differences in demands were apparent between phases. Conclusions: Training and game demands should be interpreted in isolation and combined given overall player demands increased as the season progressed, predominantly due to modifications in training demands given the stability of game demands. Periodization strategies administered by coaching staff may have enabled players to train at greater intensities late in the season without compromising game intensity.

Resumo A análise identifica mudanças e continuidades no comportamento da oferta residencial na retração imobiliária da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo nos anos 2000. Estrutura-se uma periodização, considerando movimentos macroeconômicos e seus impactos no setor imobiliário. Observam-se dinâmicas baseadas em subtipos de mercado e vetores de expansão da oferta, refletindo especificidades e rugosidades no território metropolitano, além das características dos lançamentos e sua precificação balizada nos financiamentos disponíveis e estratégias de maximização de ganhos dos incorporadores. Verifica-se um reposicionamento do setor em que o mercado da Capital assume centralidade nas estratégias que regionalmente contrarrestam a crise com oferta importante de produtos econômicos e alterações nos padrões, apoiada no Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, mediante crescente participação de grandes empresas. Abstract The analysis identifies changes and continuities in the behavior of housing supply in the real estate downturn of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region in the 2000s. It is structured on a periodization, considering macroeconomic movements and their impacts on the real estate sector. We observed dynamics based on market subtypes and on supply expansion vectors, reflecting specificities and the roughness of the metropolitan territory. In addition, we surveyed the characteristics of housing launches and their pricing based on the available financing and on strategies to maximize developers’ gains. There is a repositioning of the sector as the capital city’s market is prioritized by strategies that regionally counteract the crisis through an important supply of affordable housing and pattern changes, supported by the Minha Casa Minha Vida housing program, with an increasing participation of large companies.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi explorar o conhecimento acumulado de técnicos brasileiros e professores do ensino superior em relação ao processo ensino da tática no basquetebol do Brasil, em diferentes categorias da formação desportiva: pré-mini, mini, mirim, infantil, do sub11 ao sub15. A amostra foi constituída por 11 técnicos de basquetebol com representação a nível nacional e internacional e 11 professores mestres e doutores que atuam com basquetebol em universidades brasileiras. O instrumento de medida utilizado foi a entrevista embasada num questionário semi-estruturado com perguntas abertas. Os dados foram analisados de forma qualitativa, por meio da análise de conteúdo e descrito de forma quantitativa em nível de freqüência e percentual. Os resultados mostraram que houve convergência, divergência e até conflitos de pensamentos educacionais entre os conteúdos e métodos de ensino dos fundamentos ofensivos na iniciação. Pode-se dizer que, na etapa de iniciação, deve-se evitar jogadas complexas privilegiando o ensino com base nos exercícios em situações de jogo. Com os resultados do estudo, podem-se tecer algumas conclusões: o ensino dos sistemas ofensivos basquetebol deve ser concebido num processo longo, no qual seus conteúdos e métodos variem no transcorrer do processo de ensino da técnica e da tática dos atletas, e busca-se ainda um modelo de iniciação para o basquetebol brasileiro com muitos estudos, principalmente longitudinais. Mesmo assim, tornou-se possível sinalizar algumas possibilidades pedagógicas para as diferentes fases das etapas do processo de ensino da tática no basquetebol brasileiro, considerando uma periodização a longo prazo dos conteúdos e estratégias pedagógicas de ensino-treinamento.

Introduction: Periodization is the accurate manipulation of methodological variables of strength training (ST) to provide a progressive increase in the different manifestations of muscle strength. The most used models in ST are linear and undulatory periodization. Objective: Evaluate the effects of 24 weeks of training by applying three different models of ST periodization: Linear Periodization (LP), Weekly Undulating Periodization (WUP) and Daily Undulating Periodization (DUP) on: upper limb (UL) strength (submaximal and endurance), submaximal strength and power of the lower limbs (LL) and on other components of physical fitness (flexibility, agility and abdominal endurance strength). Methods: Experimental, longitudinal study, with a convenience sample, in which 29 people of both sexes participated, randomly allocated to the groups. Tests were performed pre- and post-intervention. ANOVA (two-way) of repeated measures was performed. Results: There was a significant increase in submaximal strength of the UL in the three periodization models: LP (p

The texts of the strategies of socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are analyzed. The studied database includes 240 strategic documents approved in the period from 1997 to 2020. Based on the analysis of the selected strategic documents, the prerequisites for their actualization are identified. Based on the results of studying the dynamics of the approval of strategic documents, the author’s periodization of the “waves of interest” in the development of socio-economic development strategies is proposed: from the year of the introduction of a new type of planning document to the current stage of development strategies. General ideas about the individualization of strategies for the socio-economic development of territories of different levels are founded.

This study aims to determine the management of athletes with disabilities in sitting volleyball. The research method used is an interpretive study research on the Coaching Activities of Athletes with Disabilities in the Indonesian National Pelatnas Volleyball Sports Branch in Surakarta. The population of this study were athletes, coaches and administrators of the Indonesian NPC. The data collection techniques used by the researcher are active observation, interviews, and documentation analysis. In this study, researchers used two triangulation techniques, namely data triangulation and method triangulation. The data validity technique used triangulation technique. Data analysis was carried out in four stages, namely: the data collection stage, the data reduction stage, the data presentation stage, and the conclusion drawing stage. The results showed that the athletes in the seated volleyball sport were quite good. Communication between athletes, administrators and coaches is very good because they always approach each other emotionally. Coaches in coaching athletes with disabilities in the Indonesian seated volleyball sport must have a minimum national license. The condition of good facilities and infrastructure will provide convenience in the process of coaching athletes with disabilities in sitting volleyball. The funding system for the coaching of athletes with disabilities in sitting volleyball from the Ministry of Youth and Sports as a whole with the financial system set for coaching athletes with disabilities in sitting volleyball from the APBN budget. The implementation of the training method for coaching athletes with disabilities in the seated volleyball sport is well programmed. This can be seen from the preparation of a written training program, the training schedule is in accordance with the national level training schedule, the division of short-term periodization, medium-term periodization, and long-term periodization.Keywords: Management, Athletes Disabilities, Sitting Volleyball

The study examines the development of international terrorism and the problem of its definition. Consequently, the objective of the study was to generate a systemic view of international terrorism and to identify current trends in its development. A structural and functional analysis of international terrorism as a political phenomenon was used. Based on the analytical model provided, the development of international terrorism was divided into periods based on political and geographical zoning. Three consistent principles determine the key characteristics of international terrorism as a rational strategy of unconventional political struggle: the transition to asymmetrical actions, attacks on symbolic objects, and influencing public opinion as the main objective. This triality of characteristics linked to a model of the political process defines the existence of international terrorism as a phenomenon and provides a key to understanding its dynamics. It is concluded that there are four periods in the development of international terrorism, divided into two cycles with breaking points, ascending, and descending phases. The proposed periodization of the development of international terrorism is based on the identification of the centers as political-geographical areas, where contradictions are configured and the political struggle that is part of the logic of the terrorist strategy.

Aim. By examining theoretical foundations and evolution of the policy of supporting the innovation activity of economic entities, this study aims to develop proposals that would create conditions for the transition towards economic development based on innovative incentives within the framework of this policy.Tasks. The authors determine the essence and content of innovative development policy and the periodization of its implementation stages; analyze and compare leading approaches to the interpretation of the concept of innovative development policy; identify factors that determine the choice of policy and its specific aspects. Methods. This study is based on conceptual ideas about a policy stimulating economic development and uses the systems approach, comparative analysis, historical method, as well as groupings, generalizations, and analytical tools that are adequate for the purpose of the study.Results. In view of the need to create conditions for the intensification of innovative development and the transition towards innovation-driven economic development, the essence and content of a policy in the field of innovative development are presented, prioritizing incentives in the activities of economic entities. A periodization of policy stages is provided, covering the period from the 1950s to the present day. Leading approaches to understanding the essence of the policy of supporting innovative development are analyzed and compared, allowing the authors to define them as a theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of an appropriate national policy in the field of economic development. Conditions that determine the choice of policy and its specific aspects are determined, reflecting continuous changes in the external and internal innovation environment.Conclusions. The effectiveness of the national policy of stimulating innovation activity for the purposes of dynamic economic development depends on its objectives, the state of the innovation environment, and the ratio between general and targeted support measures for innovative industries and companies. This is tied to the conditions for the transition to economic development based on innovative incentives within the framework of the implemented policy.

It is not clear whether fat-free mass gains impact negatively on swimming performance in swimmers. Moreover, less is known about the impact of different dry-land resistance training (DLRT) periodization models on body fat changes in swimmers. Hence, this study aimed to test whether block periodization DLRT (DLRT-BP) and daily undulating periodization DLRT (DLRT-DUP) are similar in improving fat-free mass, swimming and physical performance, muscular strength, and body fat in female and male amateur swimmers. The participants were randomized into three groups: DLRT-BP [n = 10, three blocks of training with different intensities (changing each 4 week)], DLRT-DUP [n = 10, three sessions of training per week with different intensities (alternating each session)], and control group (n = 8, swimming training alone). Both intervention groups training three times a week. Muscle mass index (indicator of fat-free mass) and body fat percentage (iDXA), swimming (50-M swim velocity and time) and physical (squat jump) performance, muscular strength (1RM) were analyzed at baseline and after 12-weeks of DLRT. There were similar improvements in fat-free mass, swimming performance, and muscular strength from pre-intervention, and when compared to control group (P 0.05). Fat-free mass changes explained 17% the improvement in 50-M swim velocity (r = 0.41, P = 0.040) in both training groups than control group. Thus, although both DLRT periodization models induce fat-free mass gains (independent of sex), it does not seem to affect the responses in swimming performance and muscular strength in amateur swimmers.

The modern world is a world of global trends. Studies often do not take into account the nonlinearity of the process and create the appearance of automatically deepening and expanding global processes that affect all areas of life. Globalization is considered in the article as a non-linear process of spatial interaction, mutual influence and interdependence of the world economy subjects. One of the main periodization criteria of economic globalization is the qualitative changes in spatio-temporal relations. Thepurpose of the paper is to justify the reasons for the emergence of a new phase of globalization. The pandemic has triggered a serious blow to the global interdependent economy. This means that globalization is entering a new phase.

Success in competition is ensured by long-term preparation, but direct pre-competition training (DPT) is of fundamental importance, with the help of which athletes must bring themselves to a state of high or the highest working capacity. Modern views on the essence and construction of preliminary training stage most intensively began to be formed since the 1960s. The reason for this was the appearance of such fundamental projects, such as "Periodization of sports training" by L.P. Matveva, "The current system of sports training" by N.G. Ozolina, "The coach of athletics trainer" ed. L.S. Khomenkovoi. The success in competitions is provided by long-term training, but fundamental importance has a direct pre-competition training (DPT), by which athletes should lead themselves to a state of high or the highest efficiency. If the goal of competition is only of training or control nature and athlete is not eager to achieve a high result, then DPT is not necessary before the starts. Such a combination of the process of training and participation in competitions may occur in the first competitions at the beginning of the competitive period. However, when there is a participating in high-level competitions or even more in the culminating competitions, in such an event, DPT is essential. Mistakes in the building of the phase of the DPT are often the reason not only for an unsuccessful speech in the main competition, but it is also the reason for a slowed down growth of achievements and even deterioration of them. All training of an athlete can be considered successful if he shows the best result in the crucial competition with a significant progress in his accomplishments.

The study of the periodization of the development of architecture of non-formal education institutions (hereinafter NFEI) combines the following aspects: pedagogical aspect (is the decisive one, according to the author), social, political, scientific and technical aspects that are inherent in the era. The author investigates the developmental periods of architecture of non-formal education institutions. The time limits studied in the article from 1917 to 1940 belong to the second stage of development of NFEIs and their architecture - the period of development and formation. Many scholars and educators note that in Ukraine the existence of non-formal education covers the following areas: extracurricular education; postgraduate education and adult education; civil education; school and student self-government; educational initiatives aimed at developing additional skills and abilities; universities of the third age that provide educational services to the elderly. Given the modern interpretation and combination into a single concept - "lifelong learning" - all forms of education, this article examines the formation of the architecture of additional education institutions for all ages, i.e. analyzes the conditions that led to the creation of appropriate architectural forms, and the main, according to the author, examples and characteristics. This stage of development of NFEIs and their architectural and typological links is the period after the First World War and the beginning of the Soviet Union era. The nature of functioning remains mainly compensatory and educational. During this period, a unique world-renowned system of extracurricular activities is developed. Educational institutions and institutions of additional education in public houses and public schools continue to function. Various professional associations were born in the Soviet Union, and clubs, houses, and palaces of culture began to be built for them. In addition, during this period in Ukraine, religious institutions are gradually losing their influence, and educational functions are transferred to other institutions: libraries, houses and palaces of culture and so on. The beginning of the youth movement, stations of young nature lovers are created. The organization of seasonal (summer) children's camps takes new pedagogical and ideological forms. At this stage, specialized institutions started to form that carried out extracurricular educational work in one specific direction: stations for young naturalists, young technicians, children's railways, children's theaters and cinemas, libraries, sports and music schools - specialized non-formal education institutions. Institutions of a wide profile continued to function and had an appropriate number of offices and workshops - clubs of various types.

Severo-Silveira, L, Dornelles, MP, Lima-e-Silva, FX, Marchiori, CL, Medeiros, TM, Pappas, E, and Baroni, BM. Progressive workload periodization maximizes effects of Nordic hamstring exercise on muscle injury risk factors. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1006-1013, 2021-This study aimed to investigate the effect of 2 different Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) training programs (constant workload vs. progressive workload) on multiple risk factors for hamstring strain injury in high competitive level athletes. Twenty-one premier league rugby union players (∼26 years) were randomized into 1 of 2 experimental groups and completed an 8-week NHE training program: constant training group (CTG) or progressive training group (PTG). Knee flexor/extensor strength and biceps femoris long head (BFLH) muscle architecture were assessed through isokinetic dynamometry and ultrasonography, respectively, before and after the training programs. Increased hamstring concentric (Δ = 8%, p = 0.004, d = 0.42) and eccentric (Δ = 7%, p = 0.041, d = 0.39) peak torques, as well as H:Q conventional (Δ = 7%, p = 0.015, d = 0.54) and functional (Δ = 6%, p = 0.026, d = 0.62) ratios were observed in the follow-up compared with baseline for the PTG group only. Nordic hamstring exercise training significantly increased BFLH muscle thickness (CTG: Δ = 7%, p = 0.001, d = 0.60; PTG: Δ = 7%, p < 0.001, d = 0.54) and fascicle length (CTG: Δ = 8%, p < 0.001, d = 0.29; PTG: Δ = 10%, p < 0.001, d = 0.35) in both groups. Training adaptations on hamstring peak torque (concentric and eccentric) and H:Q ratio (conventional and functional) "likely favor" PTG, whereas changes in BFLH fascicle length "possibly favor" PTG. In conclusion, only PTG enhanced hamstring strength; both NHE training programs increased BFLH muscle thickness and fascicle length, but progressive training generated greater changes on fascicle length than constant training. Medical/coaching staff should be aware that NHE with adequate training periodization with workload progression to maximize its benefits.

Periodization of American Comic Book – A New Proposal The article aims to present a new proposal for the periodization of the history of American comic books. The introduction deals with the problems of other propositions: the academic one created by Arthur Asa Berger and the so-called Olympic / Mainstream that is mainly used by industry artists and readers. The most critical short comings of these periodization are also listed, including them being outdated. The new proposal complements the deficiencies of the previous two: in its actuality, it focuses on the transformations of the comics genre caused by the socio-political implications of the events of September 11, 2001. Each epoch was given specific time frames, cut-off dates, events, and characteristics.

Walts, CT, Murphy, SM, Stearne, DJ, Rieger, RH, and Clark, KP. Effects of a flexible workout system on performance gains in collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1187-1193, 2021-Although research on the topic of periodization is abundant, investigations into different flexible periodization strategies in collegiate athletes are limited. Furthermore, how state of readiness (SOR) and workout autonomy affect training improvements is largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if a flexible periodization (FP) program would elicit significantly greater performance gains compared with a nonflexible periodization (NP) program (significance set p ≤ 0.05). A total of 32 male and female intercollegiate lacrosse players completed performance measures of vertical jump, sprinting speed, change of direction, and strength in bench press and deadlift. After pretesting, subjects were matched and randomly assigned to either FP (n = 17, age = 19.4 ± 1.4 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.10 m, mass = 72.29 ± 13.73 kg) or NP (n = 15, age = 19.9 ± 1.5 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.08 m, mass = 71.68 ± 13.55 kg) training groups. Both groups trained 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The NP group completed all workout volume and intensity as prescribed by a certified strength and conditioning coach. However, the FP group modified workout volume and intensity based on a daily SOR questionnaire. Although appreciable pretest to posttest improvements were observed for the entire subject cohort, multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a series of ANOVA tests demonstrated no statistically significant between-group differences for pretest to posttest changes on any of the performance tests (range of p values: 0.17-0.95). Although FP does not seem to be more effective than NP for eliciting performance gains, it may provide greater opportunities for autonomy while eliciting equivalent improvement levels. Therefore, flexible periodization based on SOR may be a viable training strategy.

The article is devoted to the discussion of the problem of periodization and the study of the features of the late stage of the work of the outstanding American prose writer Francis Bret Hart (1836—1902). The relevance of the article is due to the need to build a coherent and consistent history of the development of American literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, an important part of which is the writer’s prose heritage. The authors comprehend Western (J. Stewart, G. Scharnhorst, A. Nissen and others) and domestic (A. V. Vaschenko, L. P. Grossman, P. E. Schegolev, A. I. Startsev, V. A. Libman, E. Yu. Rogonova, A. B. Tanaseichuk) studies on biography and various aspects of the prose writer. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in American studies a gap in the reception of F. Bret Hart's work was filled (the absence of clear criteria for periodization); the tradition of a disdainful attitude to the European period of his work, established in American literary criticism, is refuted, in particular, it is proved that in the stories and novels of the 1880s and 1890s Bret Hart boldly goes beyond the usual themes and images: the “Californian theme”, traditional for his early prose, takes on a new dimension — in the aspect of understanding national and gender psychology (“Maruga”); amorous and melodramatic collisions are combined with an appeal to science fiction (“The Secret of the Hacienda”).

The author reveals the commercial aspects of activity of the I. Ladyzhnikov publishing company in Berlin in the first decades of the twentieth century. This paper clarifies the company’s concept and fills in a number of gaps in the study of Russian-language foreign book publishing in the first decades of the twentieth century, due to the small number of comprehensive studies in this area. Getting acquainted with Russian-language emigrant book publishing is of great interest, since it reflects the large-scale processes of the post-revolutionary breakdown of the cultural life of Russia. The source base of the research is the documents of a number of Russian archives, as well as the archive of the I. Ladyzhnikov publishing company, discovered by the author at the International Institute of Social History (IISH) in Amsterdam (Netherlands). The author introduces into scientific circulation a number of new, previously unpublished data about the I. Ladyzhnikov publishing company. The article reveals the circle of people who stood at its origins: on the one hand, these are the leaders of early Bolshevism (V.I. Lenin, L.B. Krasin, V.D. Bonch-Bruevich), on the other — the central figures of the writing group “Znanye” [Knowledge] (M. Gorky, К.P. Pyatnitsky). The author presents all the names under which the publishing company operated in different years, accurately dates the stages of its existence from the moment of its origin (5th August, 1905) to the beginning of the 1930s and proposes periodization. The archive of the publishing company preserved 40 contracts with the authors; therefore it was possible to determine the circle of writers and playwrights who collaborated with it: M. Gorky, S.S. Yushkevich, S.G. Petrov (Skitalets), A.N. Kuropatkin, S.N. Rabinovich (Sholom Aleichem), Sh. Ash and other writers. The author notes that among other tasks, the publishing house defended the copyright of Russian writers abroad. The article analyses the total annual circulation of publications, the number of authors, as well as the total annual turnover of the company. For the first time, the author considers the role and place of the “Novaya Russkaya Kniga” [New Russian Book] magazine in the activities of the I. Ladyzhnikov publishing company. The author established that the 1920s were the most successful in terms of commercial activity for the publishing company. Thus, from February to March 1924, the company “absorbed” three of the major competitors: “Helikon” publishing company, “Russian Universal Publishing Company” and “Epoch” publisher. The article presents the exact dates of the contracts for the purchase of publishers, the data on the sales value and the features of the agreements concluded. In particular, I. Ladyzhnikov company bought the publishers with the preservation of their trademarks, purchased their warehouses with commodity stocks, contracts concluded with authors, as well as debt obligations to banks. The author concludes that for almost the entire first third of the twentieth century, the I. Ladyzhnikov publishing company was the most powerful commercial enterprise among all the publishing companies of “Russian Berlin”.

Scholars have rightly questioned the periodization of early modern Hindi literature (fourteenth to mid-nineteenth century) into two major thematic and temporal categories, often described as binaries: an early bhaktikāl (era of devotion), and the later rītikāl (era of mannerism). It is now common to understand bhakti and rīti as complementary modes of poetic expression rather than oppositional styles that poets had to identify with entirely. This paper uses the perspective of poet-saints (sants) to argue that, although the sants share many features with the rīti poets in terms of genres and register, they diverge fundamentally from them on the topic of the proper motives of composing verse. The criticism that the sants register with selected rīti themes – conflicts which would later figure in the writings of Hindi literary historians in the nationalist era – can be seen as anticipating the modern bhakti versus rīti distinction.

Dancers' energy demands fluctuate across the season. Accordingly, dancers should adapt their training and nutrition. Still, how to periodize nutrition in dancers remains unclear. This article aims to (1) introduce nutrition periodization and (2) provide recommendations for nutrition periodization in dancers. During preseason, dancers design, rehearse, and train. During in-season, dancers have one or more daily performances. During postseason, dancers rest and prepare for the next season. Nutrition periodization is the strategic and timed nutrient intake to meet varying seasonal energy demands. Overall, nutrition periodization can support dancers' training goals, enhance their performance, and support optimal recovery.

The article reconstructs the illustrating history of “La Revue Blanche”, the leading French literary and artistic magazine of the fin de siècle epoch. Leaving out the analysis of literary content, the authors considers the petite revue through the prism of its most significant artistic achievements. In order to achieve this goal, a rather wide range of graphic artists who collaborated with “La Revue Blanche” at one time or another is outlined, and the conditional genre ranking of engravings published and distributed with the help of the journal is carried out. Based on the data obtained, a periodization of the short history of “La Revue Blanche” illustrating is proposed. The article attaches great importance to the stylistic and iconographic analysis of individual artworks. In the case of the ones by Vuillard, Roussel, and Bonnard, it is possible to put forward new semantic interpretations and emphasize the confessional nature of the prints created by the masters for the design of the journal’s frontispiece. In the article significant attention is given to the history of introducing the practice of publishing graphic literary portraits by Vallotton in “La Revue Blanche”, which at some point are forced to take on the utilitarian function of vignettes. Equally important is the review of the publication history of the independent illustrated supplement “NIB”, which, as is well known, has only had three issues. The authors see in “NIB”, at the same time, an artistic reincarnation of fumiste chatnoiresque satire, clearly close to Toulouse-Lautrec, Valloton and Bonnard, and a graphic revealing of the internal philosophical and aesthetic conflict that existed within the Nabis art group. In addition, the authors also describe the features of the Nathanson brothers’ publishing activity, emphasizing the direct dependence of the content of published products on the owners’ tastes.

This article seeks to understand the arrival and the territorial expansion of ridesharing platforms in Brazil with a focus on the Uber company. First, we introduce the debate about the uberization of the economy. In this view, we aim at analysing the active role played by the space itself for the functioning of “digital platforms” which we assume as “territorial platforms”. Second, we advance a periodization of ridesharing platforms in Brazil. In doing so, we analyse how Uber uses the territory and investigate the conflicts between the company and policymakers as well as its competitors. Finally, the article proposes a debate about the strategic role of information (such as big data, algorithms, platforms, geolocation, and remote surveillance devices) as elements to be considered in a new corporate and algorithmic approach for the management of the territory.

The relevance of the article is conditioned by the declining age when a child first comes into contact with the media. They have a positive impact on the development of preschoolers and schoolchildren, but pose a number of threats. The study of the genesis of media education in Ukraine allows to identify ideas that are appropriate for implementation at the present stage in order to reduce risks and increase the positive impact of the media on the formation of the child’s personality. The aim of the article is to substantiate the periodization of the genesis of media education of older preschool and primary school age children (1959–2018) and to identify opportunities for the use of promising ideas in the modern educational field. To achieve the aim of the research, a set of methods has been used: structural-systemic – allowed to consider the genesis of media education as a component of the system of preschool and primary education against the background of socio-political, socio-economic, pedagogical factors; retrospective and historical-typological analysis, with the use of which the periods, leading ideas and tendencies of the genesis of media education were singled out; narrative – to present research materials with the elements of analytics. As a result of the research, the periodization of the development of media education at preschool and primary education institutions within certain chronological limits has been substantiated. The leading tendencies of the selected periods have been determined. There have been distinguished three periods of the genesis of media education of preschoolers and primary school students: the first (1959–1990) – propaganda and educational; the second (1991–2010) – competence-technological; the third (2011–2018) – conceptual-experimental. Ideas that can be implemented at the present stage have been identified.

Different periodization models have been widely used to improve maximum and rapid force in aging adults. However, it is unclear if some specific model can influence the remarkable heterogeneity of responsiveness to rapid torque improvements following resistance training. Compare the effects of mixed session periodization (MSP) and traditional (TP) models on neuromuscular performance and individual responsiveness in aging adults. Twenty-two aging men and women (64.6 ± 5.2 years old; 1.68 ± 0.1 m; 77.8 ± 16.0 kg) completed the intervention period. They were assigned into MSP (n = 11) or TP (n = 11) resistance training for lower limbs. The outcome measures normalized dynamic leg press (5-RM:BM), absolute and normalized knee isometric peak torque (PT and PT:BM) and rate of torque development, and impulse were assessed at baseline and after three blocks of a 9-wk resistance training (3 sessions per week). Thigh leg lean mass was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after the intervention. Similar increases were observed for 5-RM:BM (MSP: 28.8% ± 13.5% and TP: 26.4% ± 7.6%, P 0.05). Absolute and normalized RTD remained unchanged throughout intervention (P > 0.05), but both groups improved impulse (MSP: 22.1% ± 25.7% and TP: 12.6% ± 45.2%, P

In the course of the research, the scientific literature was analyzed in terms of historical aspects of audit development. The analysis of scientific papers shows that there is no unified approach to audit periodization; this situation has developed due to a combination of objective reasons: the theory underlying the research, the object of research, methods and objectives of the research. Our research was based on the study of historical aspects of business audit in the following order: the origins of audit as an institution of financial control; the formation and evolution of audit in Ukraine (as part of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union); the emergence of audit and the development of audit in its modern sense; modern trends in audit in the world. During the study it was found that the modern state of audit as an independent financial control and as commercial activity is determined by the external environment of the following aspects: the specific socio-economic relations from the position of the subject of the audit as a tool for independent financial control, specific development management science from the position of introduction of auditing as a tool of the relationship between the management units, development of audit as consulting from a position of auditing as a business. The article investigates institutional support (a set of state, professional and public institutions whose main functions are the regulation of audit and auditing activities) of audit framework of Western European countries.

Foreign direct investment in Russia in a historical aspect are discussed in the article. It is noted that theoretical studies on this issue have led to a better understanding of the economic mechanism and the behavior of various participants in the economic sphere at both the micro and macro levels, which has opened up new areas of research in the field of economics. It is stated that an understanding of why a company initiates foreign direct investment in a particular country or increases their volume, allows us to present the main motives of the management of firms to invest, rather than to export or outsource production to national firms. The purpose of this study is to identify the main trends in foreign direct investment in the Russian Federation in various historical periods. A review of economic indicators on attracted investments, reflected in the relevant economic reports of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, as well as other documents, a periodization of direct foreign investment in the Russian Federation was made. Based on the analysis, the authors propose to consider five periods: from the late 1980s to 1999, from 2000 to 2007, from 2008 to 2013, from 2014 to 2019 and from 2020 to the present, which have their own characteristics. Attention is paid to the fact that foreign direct investment in the Russian Federation during these periods was uneven, due to serious political contradictions in the international arena.

At the beginning of the 20th century the West European Scholars O. Spengler and А. Toynbee introduced a new мultichoice vision of the World history. In the western archaeology of the interwar period it resulted in rejection of the global stages of the development of the primitive state and mass distinguishing of the numerous local cultures. Іn the course of time the stage-schematic concepts of the culture development have progressively shown a trend to a concept of the locality not only in Western but in Eastern Europe too. The 1970s is notable for a start of the cultures distinguishing boom in the Mesolithic history of the European part of the Soviet Union. Rapid process of distinguishing of the local cultures spread all over European continent having fundamentally changed cultural-historical map of the Mesolithic Europe. The 70s are marked by publishing of numerous monographs dedicated to cultural differentiation and periodization of some regions of the Central-East Europe. These problems have come to dominate at the international congresses and conferences. Congress in 1973 in Warsaw or conference in Leningrad in 1974 might serve as examples. As a result of new cultural-periodizational researches the Mesolithic map of Europe has become extremely variegated and subject to changes almost every year. The process of cultural distinguishing in the Mesolithic studies in Ukraine and Russia was especially stimulated by the achievements of the Polish and the Lithuanian scholars in 1960—70s. A head of Stone Age department of Archaeology Institute of NAS of Ukraine prof. D. Ya. Telehin take active part at distinguishing of the local Mesolithic cultures of Ukraine. The final transfer of D. Ya. Telehin to the positions of locality is demonstrated in his main work, generalizing monograph on the Ukraine Mesolithic in 1982. The researcher in this work has already distinguished near 20 original cultures and types of the monuments developed within two chronological both early and late stages of the Mesolithic in Ukraine. Developing periodization of the Mesolithic of the Ukraine D. Telehin stimulated regional researches directing the youth to study the Mesolithic of separate regions or cultural communities.

Effective counteraction to the recent armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has exacerbated the need to summarize and put into operation the Ukrainian Army combat experience gained in the anti-terrorist operation / operation of the United Forces. In order to make this work more effective, you need to learn from the past. The article analyzes the scientific and memoir literature, the documentary source base on the creation and operation of bodies to study and use the combat experience of the RSCA during the Second World War. The results of these bodies constitute a valuable array for historiography. And the organization of their work is of practical importance in modern conditions. To study the experience of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the fight against Russian aggression, we propose the author's periodization of the evolution of the RSCA bodies to study and use the combat experience in 1939-1945.Even before the outbreak of Second World War, the armies that eventually joined the anti-Hitler coalition and their opponents began work on generalizing, studying, and using experience in the use of armed forces, armies, and forces, and organizing their interaction in combat. For the study and implementation of the experience of war, structures were established in the military authorities to study, summarize, and use combat experience, the activities of which are of great interest to modern researchers, scientists, and military specialists. Combat experience is required to develop and implement the newest methods of conducting armed combat, organizing and conducting military operations, developing instructions, manuals and techniques for the preparation of units of troops and special forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Therefore, in order to streamline this work in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and to avoid mistakes, it is urgent to take into account foreign experience, especially in all – countries of the North Atlantic Alliance, as well as to conduct military-historical researches on the history of creation and activity of structures for studying, generalization and use of combat experience. during the Second World War, particularly in the RSCA., Ефективна протидія новітній збройній агресії Російської Федерації проти України загострила необхідність узагальнення та впровадження в діяльність Української армії бойового досвіду, набутого в антитерористичній операції/операції Об’єднаних сил. Для підвищення ефективності цієї роботи потрібно вивчати досвід минулого. У статті проаналізовано наукову та мемуарну літературу, документальну джерельну базу з питань створення та діяльності органів з вивчення та використання бойового досвіду РСЧА у роки Другої світової війни. Результати діяльності цих органів становлять цінний масив для історіографії. А організація їх роботи має практичне значення в сучасних умовах. Для вивчення досвіду Збройних Сил України в боротьбі проти російської агресії запропоновано авторську періодизацію еволюції органів РСЧА з вивчення та використання бойового досвіду у 1939–1945 роках.

Goal. To study the effectiveness of periodization of the annual macrocycle in power training for girls based on their individual characteristics of metabolism and changes in the metabolic process occurring in the human body with regard to the seasonal biological patterns. Research methods and organization. The determination of the basal metabolism (BM), specific basal metabolism (SBM), and body mass composition of the students was carried out with the use of the ABC-01 Medass bio-impedance analyzer. The study involved 8 students from Mari State University and 8 students from fitness clubs in Yoshkar-Ola. Research results. We have provided the research material of fitness training process with periodiza-tion of the annual macrocycle: the rate of musculoskeletal (MS) growth (September-February), the rate of body fat (BF) loss (March-June), and the stabilization period – maintenance of the achieved body state (July-August). The study revealed the increased rate of MS growth by 1.24 kg (6.48%) (P

Introdução: A periodização no treinamento de força é necessária para obtenção de maiores ganhos das diferentes manifestações da força à medida que o treinamento avança. Objetivo: Comparar dois diferentes modelos de periodização sobre a força máxima e potência utilizando por um período de 24 semanas. Métodos: Estudo experimental, com amostra por conveniência, do qual participaram 12 jovens adultos (20-45 anos), de ambos os sexos. Os participantes foram aleatoriamente alocados nos dois tipos de intervenção: periodização ondulatória semanal (POS) e periodização ondulatória diária (POD). A intervenção teve a duração de 24 semanas. Resultados: Tanto POD como POS apresentaram melhorias para a força, porém na POD os ganhos foram observados a partir da semana 8 (p = 0,003) e POS a partir da semana 16 (p = 0,004) sem diferenças significativas para os testes de potência. Quanto às diferenças intergrupos, foi observado um tamanho do efeito médio (d = 0,512) na semana 16 para a POD quando comparada à POS no leg press 45º. Para potência, foi observado tamanho do efeito médio no SJT no período pós (d = 0,549) para a POS se comparada à POD. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, comparando-se os métodos POS e POD para otimizar ganhos de força, a POD é mais eficiente, porém, se o objetivo for melhorar o desempenho da potência, a POS pode ser a melhor estratégia.

The author identifies six main stages and outlines the peculiarities of legal regulation of the sale of land plots and rights to them on a competitive basis at each stage. The first stage was from 18 December 1990 to 28 June 1996; the second stage took place from 28 June 1996 to 1 January 2008, covering the period of adoption of the effective Land Code of Ukraine dated 25 October 2001; the third stage lasted from 28 December 2007 to 5 July 2012; the fourth stage was the stage of the development of competitive acquisition of rights to land plots covering the time period from 5 July 2012 to 21 June 2017; the fifth stage covered the experimental period from 21 June 2017 to 1 October 2019; the sixth stage has been going on since 1 October 2019. This periodization enables, firstly, to create a systematic view of the development of legal regulation of the competitive principles of acquiring rights to land plots under the land legislation of Ukraine; and secondly, to assess the legal risks of acquiring rights to land plots having been acquired in a period of time corresponding to the stage of legal regulation. The conducted analysis of the genesis of legal regulation of the sale of land plots and rights to them on a competitive basis indicates that in the circumstances of lack of legal framework for land auctions, the process of disposal of land plots and rights to them on a competitive basis have not been stopped. Each of the identified stages of legal regulation, except for the fourth one and the last one, has some contradictions in the source base bearing some legal risks for the contracts of sale of land plots on a competitive basis concluded at these stages. Like the Presidential Decrees at the first stage and the Regulation of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine at the fifth stage, the decisions of local councils at the second and third stages were a means of and an attempt to accelerate the necessary changes in the land legislation. On the one hand, these regulatory acts are contrary to the provisions of the Land Code of Ukraine, and on the other hand, they are administrative acts that have been in force for a certain period of time and have not been repealed or deemed to be unconstitutional. Therefore, in making the legal evaluation of the agreements concluded on a competitive basis, they should be assessed taking into account the abovementioned factors.

Beltran-Valls, MR, Camarero-López, G, Beltran-Garrido, JV, and Cecilia-Gallego, P. Effects of a tapering period on physical condition in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1086-1092, 2020-The aim of this research was to analyze the effects of a 2-week step tapering period on lower-limb muscle power, change of direction (COD) and acceleration capacities, and on the stress-recovery state in an amateur soccer team. Twenty-two male players were included in the study. After a 6-week progressive training, the sample was divided into experimental group (EG) (n = 11), which did a 2-week period of taper in which training volume was 50% reduced (intensity was kept high) and control group (CG) (n = 11), which kept on with the training. Muscle power (countermovement jump test), acceleration (10-m sprint test), COD (Illinois test), and stress and recovery perceptions (RESTQ questionnaire) were evaluated before training, at the end of it (pretapering, PRE-TP) and after the tapering period (posttapering, POST-TP). After the taper, the EG in comparison with the CG showed significantly improved power (1,029.71 ± 108.51 W·kg vs. 1,084.21 ± 110.87 W·kg; p ≤ 0.01), acceleration (1.72 ± 0.09 seconds vs. 1.67 ± 0.07 seconds; p ≤ 0.05), and lower stress levels (1.9 ± 0.5 vs. 1.6 ± 0.5; p ≤ 0.01) (PRE-TP vs. POST-TP, respectively). Change of direction did not show significant changes. In conclusion, a 2-week step tapering program was found to be an effective periodization strategy to increase muscle power and acceleration, and to reduce stress perception in soccer amateur players.

The article features the changes and reforms in the sphere of physical culture and sport in 1980s. It focuses on the case of the All-Union amateur sports society of the labor unions of the Kemerovo region. During the perestroika period, this organization used to be the main controlling authority in the sphere of sport, together with the USSR State Committee for Physical Culture and Sports. The article introduces previously unpublished documents from the collections of the Museum of Physical Culture and Sports of Kuzbass. The authors also analyzed data on the personnel potential, sports facilities, and related positive and negative experience. They assessed the effectiveness of the reforms and periodization of the history of the local physical culture movement. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of the history of physical culture, which is one of the important scientific directions of sports science. The obtained results can facilitate sport officials in planning a better road map for public sports.

Medeiros, LHL, Sandbakk, SB, Bertazone, TMA, and Bueno Junior, CR. Comparison of periodization models of concurrent training in recreationally active postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Although concurrent training is the most effective way to improve both neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory functions in older populations, there are no studies in the literature comparing different periodization models on cardiorespiratory and muscle strength adaptations. Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different periodization models of concurrent aerobic and strength training using equalized training volume programs on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in recreationally active postmenopausal women. After 3 weeks of adaptation, 58 women aged 50-75 years were randomly assigned to (a) nonperiodization (NP), (b) daily nonlinear periodization (NLP), or (c) flexible daily NLP (FNLP). At baseline and after 12 weeks, aerobic fitness (peak oxygen uptake [V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak] and the 6-minute walk test) and maximal muscle strength (1 repetition maximum of bench press and leg press) were measured. It was shown that maximal strength increased in the bench press (effect size [ES] 1.18 in NLP and 1.22 in FNLP) and leg press (ES 0.92 in NLP and 0.89 in FNLP) in the periodized groups-in the NP group, these values were 0.49 and 0.46, respectively. In the 6-minute walk test, aerobic fitness statistically improved in all groups-with an ES of 1.02 in the NP, 1.33 in the NLP, and 0.54 in the FNLP. This study showed that only periodization models (NLP and FNLP) induced a moderate ES in maximal strength, and all groups (NP, NLP, and FNLP) demonstrated improved aerobic fitness evaluated by V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak and the 6-minute walk test in recreationally active postmenopausal women.

The origin and development of unmanned aerial vehicles in the XX - XXI centu- ries are investigated, the tendencies and main periods of development of unmanned aerial vehicles are revealed, the relationship between changes in the nature of armed struggle and the development of UAV is established.Prospects for the development of UAVs, their consideration during the forma- tion of the concept of development and use of unmanned aircraft in Ukraine, as well as during the organization and conduct of combat training units of unmanned aircraft of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.In the study using the idiographic (descriptive) method identified the individual features of the object of study (UAV) and analyzed its essence. By historical com- parison by analogy, namely UAV with V-1, identified the individual features of the compared objects.Using the method of periodization of historical processes, the periods of UAV development are distinguished, which are caused by changes in the nature of the armed struggle and the nature of the tasks set before the UAV.Analyzing the periods of development of unmanned aerial vehicles, we conclude that it is necessary to stimulate the scientific and industrial potential of Ukraine to develop and create their own BACS, which will help solve two of the most acute problems - technological and availability of material base.Hypothesis for the purchase of combat drones abroad, in combination with its own production, even with the use of foreign components, will temporarily solve the problem of meeting the needs of the army in the area of operation of the joint forces. The historical experience of Israel, which acquired the first UAVs in the United States, and is now a recognized leader in this field of aviation in the world, is illustrative.

The purpose of the research: to show the character, features, dynamics of the development of Ukrainian discourse on the choice of the Cyrillic or Latin alphabets as an alphabetical system for the formation of Ukrainian literary language in Galicia in the 30s of the XIXth – early XXth centuries through the prism of unfolding its two main stages. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientific knowledge, objectivity, historicism and general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison) and special-historical methods (historical-genetic, periodization, historical-systemic, historical-typological). The research novelty is the systematic reconstruction of the unfolding of public discourse on the choice of the alphabetical system of Cyrillic or Latin for the formation of Ukrainian literary language in Galicia; substantiation of the periodization of this process, which is manifested in the personification and display of its essence, nature, tendencies, features at two stages of development: the first, covering the 30s – 50s of the nineteenth century and consists of two phases separating the “Spring of the Peoples” in 1848 and the second, which dates to the 60s of the nineteenth – the beginning of the twentieth centuries when a substantive understanding of the phenomenon of “alphabet wars” began, which appeared in the emergence of a number of source and analytical studies, which greatly influenced the further study of this problem. The Conclusions. Thus, the social discourse in Galicia in the 1830s – early XXth centuries according the choice of an alphabet system – Cyrillic or Latin – for codification of the Ukrainian literary language is a distinctive phenomenon in the history of the culture of the Ukrainian people and the formation of its literary language. Each party had its own compelling arguments, so there was no perfect solution to the problem. Supporters of the Cyrillic alphabet argued that it was a symbol of Ukrainian identity, and its replacement with Latin would lead to a split in the Ukrainian movement, enhance its polonization, slow down the development of national culture, and not bring Ukrainian literary language closer to European one. Latin adherents were correct in arguing that it more accurately conveyed the features of the Ukrainian vernacular in writing, and that Church Slavonicisms in Cyrillic prevented the formation of Ukrainian literary language on a lively national basis. The alphabetical discourse became an important factor in the development of the Ukrainian national social movement and a marker of the ideological orientations of its participants.

This article argues that the “First Aliyah,” associated with the private agricultural colonies (moshavot) of the late nineteenth century and long studied primarily in its pre-World War I context, m...

Objective The aim: was toanalyze the scientific and pedagogical heritage of N.I. Pirogov, which remains relevant in the modern medical and pedagogical community, and opens new little-known pages of the scientific, pedagogical and medical activity of the doctor. Patients and methods Materials and methods: The authors conducted a thorough analysis of scientific publications by N.I. Pirogov and papers devoted to his activity as a doctor, educator and researcher using analytical, comparative and bibliosemantic methods. Conclusion Conclusions: The study suggested the new chronological boundaries in the scientific and educational heritage of N.I. Pirogov. The developed periodization accurately reflects the beginning of his scientific and pedagogical path in medical education, specifically refers to the period of his work in Germany as a supervisor of professorial candidates from 1862 to 1866, and the period of his participation in Sevastopol (Crimean) campaign and in the Franco-Prussian War, which was very important for the development of military field surgery.

The organization and implementation of tourist activities in the education system being one of the labor functions of the Professional Standard “Teacher”, has a positive effect on the upbringing of the younger generation in the context of modernization of public consciousness. Despite the relevance of the labor functions of a teacher, one of the problems of the tourism development in the system of general and additional education is the lack of training of specialists in this area and the lack of consistency in the use of youth tourism in the educational process. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to develop tourism in the system of general, secondary and additional education, to analyze the positive and negative practices of using child and youth tourism in educational process. To reach the purpose the retrospective analysis of the development of youth tourism and an assessment of its current state in the education system were made. The historical periods of solving the problem of the development of youth tourism are substantiated, the criteria for periodization are identified and the content characteristics of the identified periods are described. The historic ways to solve the problem are determined, and the analysis of the modern period of development is given. The necessity to further study the problem of the development of youth tourism has been proved.