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The article reveals the national aspects of the formation of infodemia in connection with the sociopolitical situation in the country, which arose in the background of the COVID-19 pandemic. This phenomenon is considered as the basis of manipulative influence on the public consciousness. Indeed, modern television channels are the structures that quickly receive information and analyse how relevant it is. The author mentions that TV channels can “dose” the volume of information and adjust the content. It is emphasised that it is the control of information and the way it is interpreted that allows manipulating mass consciousness and creating a programmed model of social behavior, which is desirable for certain groups that seek to achieve various goals, usually of political and economic nature. At the same time, modern manipulative technologies (references to anonymous authority, emotional resonance, everyday storytelling, presence effect, stereotyping, etc.), as well as the sociopsychological nature of information dissemination, allow us to talk about the high potential of television as a tool for managing society. It is important to study the phenomenon of “infodemia” as a phenomenon caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the domestic political situation in Ukraine in terms of manipulative practices used by leading television channels in Ukraine: 1 + 1, STB, ICTV, Inter. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the uniqueness of the Ukrainian version of infodemia is that this tool is used by these TV channels in order not to increase their ratings and profits, but to manipulate the minds of citizens and gain electoral support. Thus, it is the political component of the infodemia that determines the essence of its national version and testifies to the social irresponsibility of the oligarchic forces and TV channels that serve them, broadcasting misinformation about the spread of the virus and the struggle of the Ukrainian government for public health. To effectively combat the spread of this phenomenon, the state should take appropriate measures, promote the creation of the truly independent television that is able to objectively assess and present information, to form the information space in Ukraine, at the heart of which is the requirement of truthfulness, objectivity, pluralism on the authenticity of facts and arguments transmitted to the public consciousness.

The problem to which the article is devoted is the discrepancy between the increasing requirements for efficiency and accelerating the socialization of the individual and insufficient use of the interaction of social and communication space of higher education, its digital component and its insufficient implementation into practice. The problems of digitalization of higher pedagogical education, various aspects of digital content learning, the formation of the digital culture as a phenomenon of the information society have found its significant place in the scientific works of L. Havrilova, O. Krapivenko, T. Brown. R. Martin, D. Rawls. In recent years, scientific research has represented a number of issues related to the problem of our study, in particular: the formation of the information culture (digital, information digital). The subject of our study is the digital content-learning and its role in the socialization of the students of Philology. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the necessity to use the digital content learning as a component of socialization in the training of philologists-to be. The results of the scientific work show that the digital content learning involves the ability to use digital technologies to support social integration, active citizenships, creativity, collaboration with other people and achieve personal and social goals. The specific parallel digital space (electronic form of communication) is a feature of communication processes that take place in the social and communication space of higher education. It determines the virtuality of communication processes, when the electronic communication, in contrast to oral or documentary forms of communication, takes place in the virtual information space of global computer network. The conclusions are: the use of the digital content learning will reach a the systemical level of the knowledge of reality helps to watch and use the mechanisms of individual’s socialization.

The aim of the work is to evaluate the intermediate results of the digitalization process of transport and logistics services in Russian agriculture. A methodology has been applied that uses data from Rosstat, the GooglePlay service and the Yandex.Radar service as a source of information. The study shows that one of the main trends in the cargo transportation market is the introduction of new technologies, such as transport and warehouse management systems, digital services that automate the business processes of carriers, mobile applications for ordering or providing cargo transportation services. The processes of digitalization of transport and logistics services in Russian agriculture are supported by the state. The implementation of the projects "Digital Platform of the transport complex" and "Digital Agriculture" will ensure cost reduction and improve the quality of transport and logistics services. The creation of a digital platform will unite all market participants in one information space and increase the transparency and traceability of cargo transportation.

The technological solutions in culture and arts increase accessibility of cultural goods and intensity of cultural environment. QR-technologies designed by Denso Wave Incorporated have become digitalization component increasingly popular in library and information services. The mobile access points call for new ways of library and information services. The concept, characteristics and advantages of QR technology are examined; options for QR code application in libraries are suggested. As the majority of library users owns mobile phones, QR technologies provide unique opportunities. MTS (Mobile Telecommunications System) was the first company to initiate the project of using mobile phones to expand library information space: QR-code linking to books were placed in the city public places. Library applications for QR-codes are outlined, e. g. library information advertisement, user services, social events to promote reading, monitoring in the pandemic situation, etc. The opportunities and prospects for this resource are investigated by the examples of RNPLS&T, Belgorod State Universal Scientific Library, V. G. Korolenko Public Scientific Library (Glazov, Udmurt Republic), Centralized Library System (Georgievsk, Stavropol Territory). The author also suggests that QR codes may solve the problem of access to full and reliable information.

The findings of monitoring virtual space of federal libraries: their websites and social media, are interpreted. The author analyzes search optimization indicators, i. e. website quality factor, website adaptiveness for mobile systems, as well as behavior indicators, e.g. average visit time, number of viewed pages per visit, etc. The comparison of these findings with prior research evidences on increasing quality of information resources under investigation. The efficiencyоf the federal libraries’ activity in VKontakte (VK), one of the most popular mass media and digital platforms, was analyzed with Socstat.ru web-analytics. The federal libraries’ VK communities are characterized by: number of subscribers, total number of posts, number of posts for a time period, average post length, and the average number of posts per day. Federal library user activity factors areal so analyzed; number of responses, average number of responses, average community engagement, and average post engagement. The author insists on the necessity of monitoring of library presence in the digital environment through web-analytics for libraries efficient integration into the single cultural information space.

The article presented reveals modern methods and technologies of teaching the discipline "Academic Integrity" in higher school, highlights a number of peculiarities of interactive learning which are important and valuable in forming and shaping the self-motivation of applicants. The content of the publication reflects the basic latest achievements of domestic and foreign pedagogy, which have been tested by the lecturers of the Department of Pedagogy of Higher School of the SHEI "Donbas State Pedagogical University", supplemented by interactive teaching methods. The publication notes that the rapid pace of development of educational technologies, a significant expansion of the educational and information space has become not only a significant step forward towards the progress and renewal of the educational process, but also has given rise to the practice of the useless use of outdated teaching methods against the background of educational innovations, associated with some frivolity and reluctance of some of the applicants for higher education persistently engage and make efforts in obtaining knowledge. Thus, the need to approve the principles of academic integrity as a priority and an urgent need for the development and implementation of modern teaching methods actualizes the necessity to investigate this problem.In the article, the authors substantiate that improving the quality of teaching will subsequently help future specialists to implement the social and educational mission in Ukrainian society successfully, that is, to ensure the effective professional and general cultural development of applicants for higher education. The authors argue that the main task of modern pedagogical teaching methods should be through the use of innovative technologies, returning of applicants to conscious independent learning in compliance with the rules and regulations of academic integrity. In the conclusions of the article, it is noted that the latest technologies do not replace but supplement those already tested and well recommended in the educational process of higher education and should not be completely abandoned or ignored.

In the article, the emergence and development of virtual communities are analyzed in the context of the priority of national security. The types and features of virtual communities have been considered, and the potential possibilities of the negative impact of the development of virtual communities on nation-states and their security are determined. The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of virtual communities as subjects of contemporary communication culture, to emphasize the range of potential threats and dangers that virtual communities embody in the field of information security of society and the state. The methodology embodies a multi-vector scientific analysis of the information security phenomenon in general and the phenomenon of virtual communities in particular. The variety of gradations of virtual communities is emphasized by the classification method. The implication method comprehends the interdetermination of communicative culture, information culture and postmodern existence of the virtual world. Information security is considered a component of the culture of national security of the state and a global issue of information protection, information space, and information sovereignty of any country.

The article reveals the scientific aspects and development practice of the common library space of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS CLS), which over 30 years has formed a system of its organization and mechanisms of functioning. There is reflected the role of libraries in solving the humanitarian problems of the Commonwealth. The article considers the CIS CLS as the main part of the Eurasian library space, and studies it as an independent system. There are highlighted the most important principles of building the CIS CLS. The article shows that during the period under study, the path of formation has been passed, and the circle of common interests and relevant areas of activity has been identified. There is formulated the regulatory and legal framework for the development of librarianship in the CIS countries, the model laws designed to harmonize the national legal documents. The formed organizational system of the CLS functioning includes the interrelated links — national libraries of the CIS, the Library Assembly of Eurasia, the Russian State Library as the basic organization for cooperation in the field of librarianship of the CIS member states, the scientific and practical journal “Herald of the Library Assembly of Eurasia”. The article identifies the priority areas of cooperation: building and preserving national library collections, ensuring open and equal access for users to local and world resources through the use of information technologies, promoting the best examples of national culture and literature, cultural and educational events and ethno-cultural library interaction. The author provides examples of the cooperation programs implementation.The article determines that for the sustainable development and stability of the CLS as a system of library interaction, it is necessary to constantly overcome the contradictions accumulated in it, make adjustments to the definition of common interests and organizational structure. The author concludes that the integration activities of CIS libraries to strengthen the CLS, with the unifying role of the Russian language, serves as the basis for the consolidated inclusion of libraries in the common humanitarian and cultural space of the CIS and in the world information space.

The creation of a virtual educational environment, consisting of an information space that ensures the availability of unlimited educational material through communication means, a virtual or real communication channel between a student and a teacher, increases the role of self-education, the dominance of learning over teaching. Paraphrasing [1], we can say that physics is owned not by the one who knows the formulas and definitions, but by the one who, with their help, can solve physical problems (PP). Similarly to the words of E. Fermi [2]: "A person knows physics if he/she can solve problems." The ability to solve PP contributes to the concretization of students' knowledge; without it, there is a separation of theoretical, lecture, educational material from the main task of any learning process – the practical application of accumulated knowledge and skills. Solving of PP contributes to the development of mental activity, the formation of creativity, intelligence, observation, independence and accuracy, is one of the forms of repetition, control and assessment of knowledge. At the same time, it is the solution of problems that is the most difficult element of physical education, causing methodological, didactic, psychological, and mathematical difficulties. It is known, that along with the traditional methods of solving PP: arithmetic, algebraic, geometric, graphic, experimental, since the beginning of the 2000s, information technology, computer technology, and programs - answer books have been actively used. The traditionally difficult issue of solving problems in physics requires both the improvement of classical methods and the development of new software tools for solving problems. The paper discusses the possibilities of using computers to solve various types of physical problems, the use of a site, created by the author, with considered examples of solving more than 2500 problems in physics, a developed program for automatic solution of problems in physics (APS - automatic physics solver) during practical exercises.

Introduction. At the present stage of developing domestic health care, active processes of informatization of the clinical diagnostic process are taking place. In most regions of the Russian Federation, various medical information systems are actively exploited in medical organizations, digital medical devices and devices are being introduced, which determines the relevance of the formation of a methodology for the use of information technologies in the health care system of military personnel. Materials and methods. The materials of literary sources, bibliographic databases, regulatory documents, research and development work data, materials of military-scientific support of military-medical information systems have been studied. The historical, literary and structural-logical approach, system analysis methods, comparison, composition, and decomposition were used. Results. This study proposes approaches to managing the health of servicemen and a system of its assessment using information technologies. Within the framework of the entire system of medical support for troops at the sectoral level, the ultimate goal of informatization is to construct a single information space for the medical service of the RF Armed Forces. It should be based on the use of unified personal electronic cards of military personnel, a single protected intradepartmental telecommunication network, and medical information systems for various purposes, depending on the level of a medical organization, unit or subdivision. In the informatization of the medical service, it is necessary to distinguish three primary levels, each of which develops its technologies and means of automation: personal (the level of an individual soldier); the level of medical organizations; the systemic level that determines the activities of the entire medical service. A personal electronic card of a serviceman should be used as an individual carrier of passport and medical information in military medical information systems. To decide on the medical and evacuation purpose of a particular patient at the admission and triage department of a medical company, it is necessary to ensure the formation of a protocol of medical and evacuation measures, which includes information from the electronic medical archive, vital activity sensors and medical care accounting systems. Conclusion. The capabilities of information technologies, vital activity sensors, electronic medical archives and communication channels should ensure the collection of relevant information about an individual patient for the needs of the treatment and diagnostic process, even when military medical organizations are deployed at the stages of medical evacuation. The integration of all information systems in the health care system of servicemen into a single information space must be carried out, taking into account the requirements of regional medical information systems and a unified state information system in the field of health. Contribution: Borisov D.N. — the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of the material, writing a text; responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Sevryukov V.V. — the concept and design of the study, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; Eremin G.B. — the collection and processing of the material, editing, approval of the final version of the article; Petryakhin D.N. — the collection and processing of the material, writing a text. Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

The specificity of misinformation about Covid-19 which was outspread in the media landscape of Ukrainian society was demonstrated in the article. The authors relying on the basics of postmodern theory within interdisciplinary discourse trace the means of forming misinformation and its influence on changing worldview landmarks of humanity. The authors underline that information in the postmodern conception of Jean Baudrillard is also capable to destroy its own content, communication and social ground. Misinformation about Covid-19 is «a stage setting of communication» since it only creates insight into sense and is outspreaded with different channels (traditional and new media) with usage of photographic and video materials, emotional headlines and messages. Fake materials which have been outspreaded in online media and social networks are analyzed in the article. The authors found out that fake messages outspreaded in Ukrainian media refer to the following topic (the origin of Covid-19;frauds under the guise of doctors try to get the money of nationals;fictional money penalties for breaking the rules of quarantine;pseudomedical recommendations for taking some medicines and means of diagnosis Covid-19;statements of public authorities about strengthening the regime of quarantine;the speed of spreading Covid-19 in other countries;insufficient readiness of the Ukrainian society to Covid-19, etc.). It is stated that quick expansion of misinformation was facilitated by the fact that the nationals of Ukraine took information without criticism, without fact-checking, since they moved to a new space of life of individual and made «a stage setting of sense». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Postmodern Openings / Deschideri Postmoderne is the property of Lumen Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the latest trends in cybercrime during the introduction and implementation of quarantine measures in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world and the consequences of this type of crime. Such trends include: a significant increase in the number of cybercrimes in the world and in Ukraine; «exploitation» by criminals of people's concerns about the situation with the coronary crisis and its negative consequences, as a result of which the whole array of these crimes somehow correlates with the pandemic; expanding the objects of cyberattacks and shifting the emphasis on how to «more effectively» interfere in the work of information and communication devices; the emergence of the so-called pandemic offender; creating a serious threat from cybercriminals to the health sector, etc. The whole array of cybercrimes is divided into offenses, in the «scenario» of which the coronavirus theme is decisive, and «traditional» cybercrimes, the committing of which is not directly conditioned by this event, although the number of such crimes (increasing) correlates with special pandemic conditions. The article presents the reasons that led to the emergence of a new phenomenon in the criminal world – a pandemic criminal, whose illegal behavior is manifested primarily in the information space. The danger of cybercrime for the lens of critical infrastructure is emphasized, with special emphasis on medical facilities. The conceptual idea of ​​counteracting cybercrime is revealed, which consists in changing the strategy of counteracting cyber threats from «traditional» offensive to defensive, in which the priority should be given to the protection of information from possible threats. This is due to many factors, including the modern format of communication, the nature of production processes and business, blurring the boundaries between corporate and personal information and communication devices, the dependence of information security on the human factor, the need to find additional sources for information security. The content of the defense strategy of counteraction will determine the strategic directions of this counteraction. The main directions of the defense strategy are: 1) development and implementation of information security policy as individual subjects of the information space, and society, the state as a whole; 2) information education on topics that are most often exploited by criminals during epidemics, pandemics and other natural and social cataclysms, and specific information security measures; 3) development of the market of information security outsourcing services; 4) formation of skills of observance of information hygiene of ordinary citizens in cyberspace; 5) constant monitoring and research of problems of digitalization of society; etc.

The large-scale changes in the life of modern society caused by digitalization, as well as numerous studies of various manifestations and aspects of this process, give rise to the need to develop a concept of a digital society. The attempt to solve this research problem, implemented in the article, represents one of its possible models.In the proposed model, the digital society is considered as the next stage of post-industrial development and an element of modern global technogenic civilization. The implementation of the plan is based on the institutionalization of digital public relations. The basis of the process is the construct “human – knowledge – communication networks – computer technology”. Its elements in the course of interaction give rise to digital formal and informal institutions in the economy, politics, culture, and social life; form a new structural element of society – the digital information sphere; develop into a whole as a digital society. Digital institutions and the digital sphere, acting as mechanisms for the emergence of society, rely on their own type of activity, have a new type of personality as a subject – “information person”.The analysis, undertaken within the framework of the neo-institutional approach, the features of the socialization of e-Homo Sapiens are revealed, based on the need for presence and activity in the information space, taking into account the impact of modern information technologies, which ultimately contribute to the inconsistency of the emerging typological properties. The decisive role of the human factor in the emergence of the digital society as a knowledge society made it necessary to rely on the principle of social determinism for the entire research structure. This technique allowed us to substantiate the conclusion about the human creator, the subject of social existence as the main characteristic and source of development of the digital society. Any changes in the indicators of subjectivity will serve as factors for the appearance of components of a future civilization based on this society, the contours of which are not transparent today.

The article considers the features of the modern information space in which with the advent of new media and communication channels there have been significant transformations. A special factor in these changes was social networks, which replaced traditional media (newspapers, magazines and television). Social networks allow users not only to consume information, but also to express their opinions, independently create and distribute messages. The importance of social networks in disseminating information and forming public opinion is constantly growing, a large part of the population prefers this channel of information as the main one, because it is constantly available on a smartphone and much faster than newspapers and television. At the same time, the ability of users to independently produce content and quickly distribute it, causes a significant intensification of communication flows and deterioration of information quality. Social networks are a huge segment of the communication space that has the character of a self-regulating environment, it is almost uncontrolled and not censored, unverified or distorted information can be actively disseminated and influence the formation of public opinion. Therefore the main difficulty in using social networks today is not to find certain information or read current news, but to determine which information is necessary and reliable, and which is harmful and distorted. Moreover, social networks are one of the main sources of spreading fakes as fictional and specially fabricated messages, the main purpose of which is to undermine the reputation of any social institution, organization or person. In this context, fakes act as manipulations aimed at changing public opinion in the right direction for the creator or translator. If we consider the creation and distribution of fakes as a purposeful activity to manage public sentiment, which has a kind of logic of deployment and includes a certain sequence of stages of procedures and operations, we can assume that this is a manipulative technology. In particular, these study based on theoretical analysis and the use of specific cases, identifies markers of fakes for their identification in the information and communication space and outlines possible ways to prevent their spread.

The article analyzes the experience of joint use of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles by the armed forces of foreign countries. According to foreign military experts, the optimal combination of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles can increase the efficiency of combat missions, reduce the number of losses of costly manned aircraft and crews, as well as reduce material costs. However, the joint use of manned aircraft and UAVs is a difficult task, the solution of which is possible only on the basis of high-tech technical development. The joint use of unmanned and manned aircraft at the current level of control and communication technologies can be based only on the principles of interaction between unmanned and unmanned aerial vehicles, which requires detailed advance planning of hostilities. The transition to more operational forms of joint actions based on UAV control by manned aircraft, the use of a single information space will be possible with significant progress in the creation and implementation of aviation communication systems and information exchange resistant to EW, UAV systems. Therefore, the use of manned and unmanned aerial vehicles requires a well-established interaction of their forces and means, which consists in the rational distribution of tasks and coordination of actions of units in place, time and methods of combat missions. Based on this, it should be expected that the organization of joint use of unmanned and manned aircraft in the medium term will not be fundamentally different from the organization of joint use of aviation groups of different types. Planning the joint use of unmanned and manned aircraft will retain the features of centralized hierarchical planning. The analysis identified a set of factors that determine the nature and direction of joint use of aircraft and UAVs in modern hostilities, the main options for joint use of aircraft and UAVs from the experience of aviation in recent armed conflicts and local wars, outlined the tasks that it is expedient to put on subdivisions of unmanned aerial vehicles at their joint application with parts (subdivisions) of manned aviation.

The article is devoted to the study of the accounting paradigm, which is based on global values, priorities of companiesstakeholders and individuals. To comprehend the task, the key values of the global community aimed at its sustainable development are identified and compared with a similar resource of companies and individuals. In the recent years, the significant economic, technological, social and environmental changes have a significant impact on the revision of life priorities at all levels: person — company — global community. The dramatic transformation of global life values that took place in 2020 (and is still ongoing) under the influence of the COVID‑19 pandemic has profoundly and seriously affected the entire life support system of physical and economic entities. All this together determined the need to develop a new value-oriented foundation for building an accounting paradigm. In the course of the study, the authors used methods and techniques of comparative, logical and expert analysis. The authors studied a chronology of the emergence of modern accounting models which is based of generalization of the works of modern scientists in this field. The main purpose of the study was to substantiate the global initial grounds for constructing an accounting paradigm based on a common value characteristic of life support for interested users and economic entities in conditions of uncertainty as well as risks and new opportunities associated with environmental and social changes. Thus, its results caused the justification of the commonality and interdependence of the life activity of an individual, company and society; the necessity and possibility of developing a new value-based view of life support for the accounting sphere. The proposed methods are aimed to improve the life quality in general. They are recommended for the accounting and reporting theory development, as well as to be a basis for improving the quality of the information space of the economy and society.

Improving the forms and mechanisms of regional economic integration, deepening the mutual understanding on the formation of an economically and politically secure integrated space, expanding trade and economic relations, elaborating joint actions to maintain regional peace and stability, creating a single information space are among the key areas that have become the basis of cooperation among the Central Asian region (CAR) states. The authors reveal the positive aspects of cooperation among the CAR countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. First and foremost, these include common historical roots, linguistic and cultural similarity, convenient geographical location and established economic ties, which allow the states of Central Asia (CA) to establish a deeper and more active understanding of each other, to solve economic and political problems related to finding and realizing domestic investment potential and expanding regional trade and economic ties. The joint establishment of international transport corridors and infrastructure will help reduce the transport costs for Central Asian countries that supply export products to external markets, which is an important area of ​​cooperation in Central Asia. In addition, the economic problems that exist among the regional countries largely determine the nature of relations between them. Future solution of problems determines the subsequent viability of the Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) and the regional development prospects. Based on the use of economic research tools, the authors examine the problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the state of trade and economic relations between the regional states. Post-crisis plans for economic recovery in the Central Asian countries will be developed and implemented in the context of the need to solve the present-day problems associated with the gradual lifting of quarantine measures. In this regard, the quickest possible transition of economies to an upward growth trajectory should launch the expansion of trade and economic cooperation and ties among the Central Asian countries. The authors emphasize the fact that another important problem within CAREC is the fact that CAR economies are dominated by raw materials, which does not solve the problems of reducing social inequality and improving the welfare of the regional population. For this reason, Kazakhstan, like other Central Asian countries, is currently in search of a new economic model. The transformation is crucial because the country needs to overcome its excessive long-term dependence on the export of oil and raw materials. The new economic model should be focused on further industrialization and diversification of the economy, on the search for new innovative approaches and development strategies.

This paper describes the basic conceptual apparatus required to form information spaces for scientific activity subjects. Multiple models have been built to identify collective and individual scientific activity subjects, including information on the subjects' publication citations, their abstracts, as well as their indicators in scientometric databases, etc. A conceptual scheme of interaction between collective and individual scientific activity subjects has been described, taking into consideration the dynamics of their productivity. A method has been proposed to form the information spaces for the collective and individual scientific activity subjects such as higher education establishments and scientists. The method involves a series of stages to identify and construct citation and scientific cooperation networks, to form subject scientific spaces, and, based on them, to devise methods in order to quantify productivity. The results of methods application form the components of the relevant information spaces of scientific activity subjects. The spaces to be built could be used to solve the task of selecting subjects for the implementation of joint scientific and educational projects. In addition, these spaces could be applied to form the organizational and functional framework of the collective scientific activity subjects, including their structural units, which would contribute to ensuring their stable development. Creating the information spaces of scientific activity subjects underlies resolving those issues that would stimulate investment in research and innovation, strengthen cooperation between universities, improve the efficiency and productivity of the scientific enterprise. It has been confirmed experimentally that the potential of a collective subject of scientific activity, including individual subjects, the rate of change of identifiers of whom is positive, would have a non-negative potential. A rate of change in the normalized indicators of identifiers of individual and collective scientific activity subjects has been calculated for the period from January2019 to December2020 for three higher education establishments

The article considers the problems of identifying threats to national security, in particular in the information sphere, as well as ways to solve them. The experience of leading countries in approaches to the establishment and operation of national risk and threat detection systems, namely the United States, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and New Zealand, is analyzed. The significant influence of the peculiarities of the information sphere in the formation of risks and threats of all security spheres is determined. Particular attention is paid to the direction and focus of the monitoring process on the search for certain marker events that will provide a clear idea of the beginning of the formation of risks and identify threats in the early stages. The expediency of development of the Passport of threats to national security of the state for its coordinated use in the system of detection and assessment of threats in all security spheres, in particular for the system of early detection of threats in the information sphere is substantiated. The analysis of theoretical bases of development of passports of threats is carried out. A unified structure of the Passport is proposed, which takes into account the vast majority of aspects of the process of risk formation with the threat to national security. The content of the main and informational aspects of the developed Passport is given. Given the multifunctionality of the Threat Passport, it is noted that the degree of its detail is important for the possibility of its use for the development of a system of early detection of threats in the information sphere of the state. It is determined that the development of the Passport is carried out indefinitely with further adjustment and introduction of new data in connection with the dynamics of the security environment. It is established that for early detection of threats it is necessary to consider the processes of formation and detection of risks with an emphasis on their initial latent stages. This approach combines the description (assessment) and the corresponding threat and its presentation in the information space.

Using the case study method, the study examines the prospects and initiatives of the state that can create preconditions for the formation of new areas of legal regulation in the field of digital public procurement as well as issues of improving the mechanisms of information systems, taking into account the specifics of states with a multi-structured economy. The objective of the study is to assess the applicability of the tools for digital transformation of the Russian Federation in the field of public procurement in the context of international practice. Confirming all the advantages of the idea of digital transformation of public procurement systems, the Russian experience is intended to demonstrate what problems at the level of legislative regulation the state policy associated with the implementation of such systems can face. In this case, in contrast to foreign practices, the Russian system of electronic public procurement in the aggregate creates a single information space that, in fact, has no direct analogues and is a special example of interaction between electronic platforms in this area. In addition, the example of introducing distributed ledger technology into such systems is significant from the point of view of the functioning of electronic public procurement platforms. The results of this study and the tools used to assess legal regulation in the field of public procurement can be used by state authorities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the needs of entrepreneurs, to better assess the feasibility and consequences of participation in public procurement procedures. This study’s results can also be of relevance to researchers of comparative legislation in the field of legal regulation of public procurement.

Мета статті — здійснити аналіз ефективності роботи наукової бібліотеки Київського національного університету культури і мистецтв за 2020 рік. Ефективність роботи бібліотеки — важливий чинник при прийнятті управлінських рішень, плануванні та покращенні діяльності не лише окремих підрозділів, технологічних процесів, видів послуг, а й установи загалом. Методологія дослідження передбачає використання аналітичного, термінологічного, хронологічного методів, а також зіставлення, порівняння. Описовий метод дозволив виявити різноманітні форми роботи з користувачами, розвиток інноваційних сервісів, розширення репертуару інформаційних ресурсів / продуктів. Наукова новизна. Представлено досвід в організації віддаленої роботи колективу та основні результати наукової бібліотеки Київського національного університету культури і мистецтв. Розкрито роль бібліотеки як видавничого центру в формуванні наукових комунікацій. Висновки. Досвід наукової бібліотеки Київського національного університету культури і мистецтв показав, що установа здатна не лише вчасно реагувати на труднощі та виклики часу, а й швидко адаптуватися до нових умов та використовувати всі можливості задля забезпечення безперервного функціонування. Розвиток інформаційно- комунікаційних технологій суттєво впливає на вдосконалення бібліотечної роботи, а застосування електронних ресурсів сприяє підвищенню ефективності інформаційного супроводу наукової та освітньої діяльності закладів вищої освіти й інтеграції вітчизняної освіти та науки у світовий інформаційний простір.

The article considers the problem of formation of information and digital competence of future primary school teachers; the essence of the concept of «information and digital competence» is revealed, its components are defined. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical foundations and practical possibilities of forming information and digital competence of future primary school teachers in higher education institutions. It was found that a contemporary primary school teacher should navigate in the information space, receive information and operate it in accordance with their own needs and requirements of professional activity (create text documents, tables, pictures, diagrams, presentations; use Internet technologies, local networks, databases develop their own electronic products (electronic lesson development; electronic textbooks, training programs, demonstration material); must acquire new knowledge and skills that will help to work comfortably and be competitive in the educational space of the information society. At the stage of theoretical research the curricula of training specialists in the field of knowledge 01 Education / Pedagogy in the specialty 013 Primary Education of Precarpathian National University named after Vasyl Stafanyk are analyzed. The content of academic disciplines, which occupy a paramount place in the formation of information and digital competence, is substantiated. It is concluded that as a result of the formed information and digital competence future teachers will be able to work with computers and multimedia technologies, use different sources of information, use new information technologies and software that will make the educational process flexible, mobile, differentiated and individual.

In response to the challenge of informatization of social processes, an information space and a digital educational environment emerge and develop in the field of professional education. Purpose of the article: analysis of the digital educational ecosystem of professional educational institutions. Methodology. The study analyzes the electronic elements used in the modern digital educational ecosystem. Competencies identified by cluster analysis of competency models are presented. Findings. The media space as an electronic environment created by technical means of communication is one of the key elements of the digital educational ecosystem, which allows creating innovative conditions for the development of vocational education

Dear Reader! "Ukrainian Information Space", which in the status of an international scientific journal, is published twice a year since 2018, and has dared to take on the mission of being almost the only chronicler of national journalism and information in Ukraine. With an indispensable study of the dramatic past lessons, honest and picky tracking of ambiguous trends of the disturbing present, and with a reliable look into the future. All this is described on the journal pages – with an attachment to the European, and more broadly, the global context of media development and book publishing in the era of state-of-the-art technologies for the creation, distribution, and the existance of a particular information product.

Clarified the essence, principles, functions and features of information activity management in the conditions of informatization and globalization of the modern world, escalation of the occupation-hybrid war of Russia against Ukraine as an act of geopolitical revenge, analyzes its objectives, forms, and methods to counter misinformation Ukrainian society. Based on the theory of information management, legal documents, taking into account the works of V. Bebyk, V. Gorbulin, O. Matvienko, D. Dubov, O. Zolotar, I. Kresina, V. Lizanchuk, E. Magda, Ya. Malyk, E. Manuylov, Yu. Paleh, M. Tymoshyk, etc., considered methodological tools for developing and implementing a unified and effective public policy within the national and world information space, basic principles, methods, and means of managing the information process at the national level, regional and local levels to provide quality, timely, reliable and effective information to the population of Ukraine, including the temporarily occupied territories, as well as the foreign world. Attention is drawn to information security management, in particular "cybersecurity" – protection of computer systems from viruses and hacker attacks, to ensure the security of production systems, processing and storage of information, its confidentiality. A significant place is given to the coverage of the newly created Center for Countering Disinformation in the active phase of the Russian occupation-hybrid war, the policy of "managed chaos" in Ukraine in order to erode Ukrainian identity, feelings of the nation and the people, preservation of stereotypes of the "younger brother", inferiority and secondaries of Ukrainians, dominance of the Russian language, culture and traditions. Grounded the need to increase the role of traditional and innovative information technologies, including computer and telecommunications against the background of digitalization of the country, improving ways to verify the veracity of information, combating information fakes, cyber terrorism in state and municipal media, social networks and the Internet. Formulated a number of proposals for further research in the field of information management, increasing its importance in the protection of the national information space, debunking the information and psychological manipulations of Russian propaganda and its agents in Ukraine.

The article is devoted to understanding the phenomenon of social networks in the context of modern information space.The thesis substantiates that the most important feature of the Internet environment as a communicative space is the digital technologies use, digitalization. Information and communication component is one of the defining features of modern society, which provides unimpeded access to information and its exchange, no restrictions, and what is the framework of communication (political, geographical, temporal), interpenetration of ideas and cultures, feedback. At the same time, the information and communication society, with all the positive aspects of its organization, is also an environment for the implementation of any kind of manipulation and suggestive influences on individual members of the network community and their associations.The article considers modern approaches to the study of social networks and their forms of "people's" participation in journalism, the role of the mass media in public opinion expression, the influence of mass communications on tastes, and the organization of social action. The author emphasizes that the phenomenon of society's reaction to the information disseminated in the network remains interesting for study. The study is especially true of socially momentous processes such as economics, politics, health, and education. The unique possibilities of social networks are outlined: as a specific social phenomenon, they appeared suddenly and began to develop rapidly, increasingly penetrating the life of society. This is the essence of any phenomenon when the new immediately becomes familiar.The study emphasizes that the studied phenomenon is much broader. It is not only about changes in media consumption but also about the transformation of the information space as a plane of various socio-cultural practices.It is concluded that social networks are a new but very dynamic phenomenon of the information space (the formation of which occurs both in Ukraine and in other countries), the problem field of which requires further research.

Many modern national libraries implement the model of a library open to any member of society. In conditions of rapid and pervasive development of digital technologies and the formation of the Internet information space, a website is an indispensable tool for ensuring the availability of the library, its information resources and services in the virtual space. The creation and use of websites to organize remote (virtual) services is one of the most significant activities of libraries. The article objective is to present and summarize the results of studying national library websites as a platform for remote user services. The Russian State Library researchers study websites of 24 national libraries in 22 countries as a part of investigating current state and prospects for development of the digitalization processes of public libraries. The researchers have identified main directions of remote services (informing users about the library, its resources and services; ensuring the availability of library information resources; improving the comfort of using the library), and the range of remote services, which includes above dozen remote library and information services, as well as nearly the same number of additional digital services that increase the comfort of users. They proposed promising directions to develop remote services (information about library resources and services, consulting and training on using library resources, personalization of services), and the introduction of digital technologies (multimedia and augmented reality technologies).

The paper studies some aspects and considerations of the legal regulation of genomic research in the context of modern challenges. Approaches to the formulation of some basic concepts in the field of bioinformatics, such as information, information space, are proposed, the importance of these concepts for legal regulation is substantiated. Approaches to the legal regulation of the commercial use of the results of genomic research in the field of bioinformatics are formulated. Approaches to the legal regulation of the activities of biobanks are proposed based on the analysis of the possibility of using blockchain technology to improve the functioning of the biobank, the possibility of attracting investments through crowdfunding financing. The classification of biobanks according to various criteria is given. Approaches to the formulation of such concepts as donation and parenthood are determined within the framework of the legal regulation of genomic research in the field of human reproduction. The influence of modern challenges associated with the development of science and technology on the formulation of these concepts is considered. Approaches to solving the problem of ensuring a balance of private, group and general interests in the field of legal regulation of genomic research are proposed.

The article examines the issues of information and accounting support of controlling at the enterprise, the completeness and reliability of which affects the process of management decisions making and ensuring the efficiency of the enterprise. The degree of research of the outlined topic by scientists is determined. It is determined that the existence of an effective controlling system in the management system can affect the quality of accounting information, the completeness of documentation of business transactions and the safety / rational use of enterprise assets. The place of accounting information in the information support of controlling is substantiated. On the basis of accounting information, an information base is created for market development and evaluation of the efficiency of enterprises. The importance of operational data exchange in management activity is determined. An important aspect is how the information will be received to the management system of the enterprise. It is proved that controlling must respond to even the smallest changes in the enterprise system, ie receive actual information, promptly intervene in processes that threaten the mission of the enterprise or its functions, to identify and mitigate the impact of negative trends. The relationship between information flows and accounting information in assessing the quality of management decisions as the main result of managers is drawn up. Information systems accelerate the receipt of relevant, up-to-date information, which affects the speed and quality of the management process. It should be taken into account that the information system implemented in the enterprise must to be clear to managers at different levels and different subsystems. The essence of the information flows system of controlling information support is investigated. The components of controlling information support are determined. The problems of creating a common accounting and information space of controlling are determined. Accounting should be the tool that can increase the efficiency of management and financial condition of the enterprise.

The article discusses the capabilities of the 1C:Education platform for creating a unified information environment for educational organization during a pandemic and for distance learning. A comparative analysis of the capabilities of various Russian platforms for distance learning is carried out. The experience of the school’s work in a distance mode using the 1C:Education platform is summarized.Attention is focused on the use in the educational space of the school of methodological, organizational and technological means of support of pedagogical activity in a distance mode, developed on the basis of solutions of the 1C company.The views on the organization of electronic distance learning and support of the system of continuous educational process using the 1C:Education platform are presented.The distance learning platform 1C:Education can be used by educational organizations as a basis for designing, monitoring and modernizing their own educational environments, in which priority is given to the development of a socially adapted, competitive personality with intellectual potential, able to apply knowledge in practical activities for the benefit of society based on cultural, moral and civic values.

The article is devoted to the introduction of electronic document management technologies in public administration. Peculiarities of introduction of electronic document management system in public authorities are analyzed. Regulations on electronic document management in public administration are studied in detail. The main problems faced by organizations during the introduction of electronic document management are summarized. The main advantages and disadvantages of the organization of electronic document management in public administration bodies are systematized. The following advantages of electronic document management technologies are revealed: integrated approach to electronic document management planning, saving time and resources, creating a single information space, facilitating document management, the effect of long-term use and successful implementation of electronic document management system, which helps managers and employees work more productively. Innovative technologies for the development of electronic document management in public administration are analyzed. The efficiency of management mechanisms in public authorities is substantiated, taking into account a set of external and internal factors of influence, development trends in a competitive environment and the need to organize the rationality and quality of the process of implementing electronic document management. The main purpose of the introduction of electronic document management technologies in public administration is to rid public authorities of the routine, clumsy, bureaucratic machine of traditional office work.

The article analyses the concept of "single window mechanism" used abroad and in the practice of the EAEU countries. It has been shown that the transition to paperless technologies is a feature of customs control is one of the important indicators of the development of the national single window mechanism. The work analyzed the correspondence of such elements as Interagency Electronic Interaction System and ST «Portal Seaport» with the reference model of the national single window mechanism. It was established that KPS «Portal Seaport» can be considered as a pilot project for the implementation of the single window mechanism, but is not a product that is a single window, because it does not meet the requirements for creating a single window mechanism. It was also established that the mechanism of the "single window" existing in Russia, as a member country of the EAEU, did not work out the interaction between the business community (B2B) and between business and the state (B2G). The article shows that the reference model of the "single window" existing abroad contains a comprehensive idea of the single window mechanism, its scope, and a single information space. The problems of further development of the single window mechanism, as well as the directions for their solution, were identified.

In January 2019, YouTube announced its platform would exclude potentially harmful content from video recommendations while allowing such videos to remain on the platform. While this action is intended to reduce YouTube's role in propagating such content, continued availability of these videos via hyperlinks in other online spaces leaves an open question of whether such actions actually impact sharing of these videos in the broader information space. This question is particularly important as other online platforms deploy similar suppressive actions that stop short of deletion despite limited understanding of such actions' impacts. To assess this impact, we apply interrupted time series models to measure whether sharing of potentially harmful YouTube videos in Twitter and Reddit changed significantly in the eight months around YouTube's announcement. We evaluate video sharing across three curated sets of anti-social content: a set of conspiracy videos that have been shown to experience reduced recommendations in YouTube, a larger set of videos posted by conspiracy-oriented channels, and a set of videos posted by alternative influence network (AIN) channels. As a control, we also evaluate these effects on a dataset of videos from mainstream news channels. Results show conspiracy-labeled and AIN videos that have evidence of YouTube's de-recommendation do experience a significant decreasing trend in sharing on both Twitter and Reddit. At the same time, however, videos from conspiracy-oriented channels actually experience a significant increase in sharing on Reddit following YouTube's intervention, suggesting these actions may have unintended consequences in pushing less overtly harmful conspiratorial content. Mainstream news sharing likewise sees increases in trend on both platforms, suggesting YouTube's suppression of particular content types has a targeted effect. In summary, while this work finds evidence that reducing exposure to anti-social videos within YouTube potentially reduces sharing on other platforms, increases in the level of conspiracy-channel sharing raise concerns about how producers -- and consumers -- of harmful content are responding to YouTube's changes. Transparency from YouTube and other platforms implementing similar strategies is needed to evaluate these effects further.

Purpose: the purpose of the study is to develop a methodological toolkit for reindustrialization in the branches of the material sphere of lagging and underdeveloped regions based on the use of information, communication and digital technologies.Methods: the study is based on the use of the methodology of the systems approach, the methodological apparatus of the information society theory, the use of methods of economic and statistical analysis, scientific abstraction, analogies and scientific generalizations. In the course of developing the proposed topic, classical and modern works of domestic and foreign scientists, statistical and empirical material prepared in the process of field research were used.Results: regions with different levels of development function in the country's economy. The greatest problems are associated with underdeveloped and problem regions, which, given their certain potential, cannot yet cope with their difficulties. The situation in which such regions are located requires the search for new mechanisms that will allow us to overcome unfavorable circumstances and embark on the path of highly stable development. Many problems can be solved on the basis of reindustrialization. This requires a transition to continuous digitalization processes, the use of digital technologies and software products that can ensure the development of production systems in the direction of creating a new technological order.Conclusions and Relevance: issues of digital and programmatic reindustrialization of the economy are especially aggravated in lagging and underdeveloped regions, where, due to the poorly diversified sectoral structure of the industry, there is a weak reaction to the formation of investment demand for the production of competitive goods. Such regions, to which the North Caucasian Federal District (NCFD) belongs, can solve problems when using digital and information technologies. The implementation of the proposed measures will allow the region to leave the zone of problems and depression.

The issues of the development of traditional news television in the context of a single information space are considered. The goal is to look at how much content creators and consumers agree in their predictions about the future of TV. The data of in-depth interviews were used as empirical material: professional television journalists (federal TV channels) and students (PFUR “Television” department) were interviewed. The contradictions between the two basic types of media consumption, which are characteristic of addressers and addressees of television messages, are revealed. It is shown that these contradictions explain the generational gap in the perception of modern news television programs, predetermine the decrease in TV consumption of news content from federal channels designed for a mass audience. The relevance of the work is due to the rethinking of the functions and prospects for the development of traditional TV by both professional broadcasters and consumers. The conclusion is made about the further development of news television. It is noted that, on the one hand (the opinion of professionals), traditional television broadcasting will be preserved while adjusting the agenda, rethinking interaction with the audience, changing the broadcasting paradigm, mastering new competencies by professional journalists and using the opportunities of the online space. On the other hand (students’ opinion), subject-to-object news broadcasting of federal channels will cease to exist when the generation of viewers and the funding model change.

In the information society, information is the basis for decision-making at all levels. However, in post-truth society, fake news and deepfakes are often created and distributed via artificial intelligence technologies. Confidence in information is gradually lost, and the creation of a way to accurately recognize its authenticity will become a scientific and technical discovery. The problem of identifying fake information also affects the identification of its primary source, which often uses fake accounts. Counties are concerned about the security of the information space. They are attempting to control the spread of fakes, deepfakes, and the creation of fake accounts in the Internet. Control can be global and nationally bureaucratic. Many countries, to various extents, are trying to control the Internet through national bureaucratic measures. However, everyone realizes that there are not enough global measures to control the Internet.

The article presents the results of a survey of employees of 32 scientific organizations ofagricultural profile in Siberia in order to study their information needs. The assessment of significance for scholars of the library as an indispensable social institution in the system of scholarly communication and the Siberian Scientific Agricultural Library of the branch of SPSL SB RAS as a critical link in a single information space of the agricultural science of Siberia. Promising directions of development of the resource base and service of SibNSHB as a branch academic library for improving the quality of information support for scientific research on agricultural issues are identified.

У статті надано обґрунтування першочергових завдань першого етапу плану дій щодо радону в Україні.У першій частині статті була проаналізована інформація щодо середньогеометричних значень активності радону в повітрі будинків на рівні районів окремих областей України. Показано, що наявних даних недостатньо для висновків стосовно радононебезпечності майже половини території країни. Тому важливим завданням є продовження досліджень рівнів радону в повітрі будівель на ще не обстежених територіях. Для таких досліджень необхідно розробити єдині протоколи вимірювань і відповідну систему гарантій якості, в якій міжлабораторні порівняння мають стати усталеною практикою щодо перевірки достовірності результатів вимірювань. Це стане основою запровадження державних баз даних та можливості реалізації єдиного інформаційного простору щодо радіаційних ризиків.У статті міститься порівняльний аналіз існуючої в Україні нормативної бази щодо радіаційного захисту населення з міжнародними стандартами. Встановлено, що чинна нормативна база має бути переглянута та вдосконалена. Регуляторні органи повинні визначитись не тільки з величиною нормативу, а й перейти до нової одиниці – об'ємної активності радону (концентрації радону або газу радону), запровадити нормативи для робочих місць, які сьогодні взагалі відсутні.У завершальній частині статті обґрунтовано необхідність запровадження системи підготовки фахівців з питань захисту від радону та розробки стратегії комунікацій зі всіма потенційними учасниками реалізації плану дій (органами державної влади, міністерствами, регулюючими органами, бізнесом, засобами масової інформації, громадськими організаціями, населенням тощо).Визначено, що для реалізації державного плану дій необхідно розробити рекомендації для організації та затвердження регіональних програм, серед яких є методичні рекомендації, які містять основні напрями і завдання залежно від ступеня радононебезпечності певної території.

The article analyzes the issues of improving the use of information and communication technologies in the prevention of offenses on the basis of studying the norms of national legislation, the opinions of domestic and foreign scientists. It is noted that today, cardinal changes in the information sphere at the global level are carried out through the rapid development and dissemination of new information and communication technologies. An increasing influence on the economy, politics, international relations and culture is exerted by the development and improvement of global networks, which open up endless possibilities of direct communication between people in real time. All these advances in the information field create the preconditions for moving towards a completely new type of society - the information society and information space. On the basis of the study, scientifically grounded proposals and recommendations were formulated aimed at improving this area.

The purpose of the article is to examine the role of the National Police of Ukraine in ensuring the information security of Ukraine. The subject of the study: The subject of the study is the competence of the National Police of Ukraine in ensuring the information security of Ukraine. Methodology: Dialectical method, epistemological method, analytical method, formal and legal method, normative and dogmatic method, the methods of legal modeling and forecasting were used in the research. The results of the study: The definition of “information security” and “cyber security” is provided. The main factors that negatively affect the information space in Ukraine, as well as current threats to Ukraine’s national security in the information sphere are identified. Practical implications: It is established that the number of crimes in the information sphere is growing every year. In this regard, the task of the National Police is to combat crimes and other offenses in this area, as well as to protect relevant rights and freedoms of citizens, society and the State. Value/originality: The tasks and powers in the area of information security protection of the National Police in general and the Department of Cyber Security, in particular, are defined.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the author’s research: focus groups with parents of children gadget users with access to the Internet (n = 6), the questionnaire survey among adolescents (n = 303) and parents (n = 326) about media consumption, and information security legislation. The new trends and risks in the development of modern child-parent relationships: gadget and Internet addiction, conflicts, decreasing parental control and authority, alternative interaction forms, dangerous content and the consequences of its consumption were identified. The research objectives are to identify the main areas and problems of interaction between parents and children with IT-technology products, zones and consequences of media influence on the parent-child relations and classification of strategies for the Internet safety of children. As a result, the main types of strategies for prevention and liquidation online risks: external (institutional) and internal (intrafamily, intrapersonal), restricting, training and replacing are typologized and presented.

The body of the article goes on to disclose the problem of the impact of digital technologies and media on democracy, its grounds and values. The author addresses the problem of the broad using of cutting-edge technology in Poland by those in power, serving their goals and posing a clear threat to democratic outcomes, in particular during the election campaigns. Furthermore, the author states that through advanced technological capacity and the use of highly targeted behavior modification techniques, different governmental institutions have been applying new and more-sophisticated forms of propaganda and disinformation enabling deepfakes, trolls, bots – artificial intelligence technology and other malicious software so that to refine and shape public opinion with an easy reach and power. In this context, the findings of the research, conducted in Poland and the EU, on the threats of hostile social manipulation and disinformation in the information space are significant, whereas the poll results testify to the Poles’ concerns about who is supposed to be in control of efficient debunking ‘fake news’ as well as their aspirations to be internet-literate in terms of deepfakes. The author concludes by arguing that well-informed societies are more resistant to being encroached and manipulated, and a quick and effective joint reply to potential threats requires strategic mass communication. The researcher emphasizes that recently in Poland Mass Communication have launched fact-checking services, in particular several Polish fact-checking projects set up designing websites that provide fact-checking. Regrettably, so far none of the Polish platforms has been involved in closer international cooperation in the framework of the European initiatives. Several landmark studies observed that Poland has also failed to create a common front in countering disinformation even during the elections. Each organization works according to its own vision of solving the problem. However, in recent years in Poland there has been a tendency of developing the government agencies’ capacity to strengthen their response to the threats of disinformation and manipulation: namely, the state key institutions for cyber security successfully implemented their cooperation and coordination initiatives.