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Background Colorectal cancer screening uptake is low, particularly among individuals enrolled in Medicaid. To the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the effectiveness of direct‐to‐member outreach by Medicaid health insurance plans to raise colorectal cancer screening use, nor how best to deliver such outreach. Methods BeneFIT is a hybrid implementation‐effectiveness study of 2 program models that health plans developed for a mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) intervention. The programs differed with regard to whether they used a centralized approach (Health Plan Washington) or collaborated with health centers (Health Plan Oregon). The primary implementation outcome of the current study was the percentage of eligible enrollees to whom the plans delivered each intervention component. The primary effectiveness outcome was the rate of FIT completion within 6 months of mailing of the introductory letter. Results The health plans identified 12,000 eligible enrollees (8551 in Health Plan Washington and 3449 in Health Plan Oregon). Health Plan Washington mailed an introductory letter and FIT kit to 8551 enrollees (100%) and delivered a reminder call to 839 (10.3% of the 8132 attempted). Health Plan Oregon mailed an introductory letter, and a letter and FIT kit plus a reminder postcard to 2812 enrollees (81.5%) and 2650 enrollees (76.8%), respectively. FIT completion rates were 18.2% (1557 of 8551 enrollees) in Health Plan Washington. In Health Plan Oregon, completion rates were 17.4% (488 of 2812 enrollees) among enrollees who were mailed an introductory letter and 18.3% (484 of 2650 enrollees) among enrollees who also were mailed a FIT kit plus reminder postcard. Conclusions The implementation of mailed FIT outreach by health plans may be effective and could reach many individuals at risk of developing colorectal cancer., Colorectal cancer screening uptake is low, particularly among individuals enrolled in Medicaid. The implementation of mailed fecal immunochemical test outreach among health plans may be effective and could reach many individuals at risk of developing colorectal cancer.

ObjectiveTo test the cross‐cultural validity of the U.S. Patient Perception of Integrated Care (PPIC) Survey in a Dutch sample using a standardized procedure.Data SourcesPrimary data collected from patients of five primary care centers in the south of the Netherlands, through survey research from 2014 to 2015.Study DesignCross‐sectional data collected from patients who saw multiple health care providers during 6 months preceding data collection.Data collectionThe PPIC survey includes 59 questions that measure patient perceived care integration across providers, settings, and time. Data analysis followed a standardized procedure guiding data preparation, psychometric analysis, and included invariance testing with the U.S. dataset.Principal FindingsLatent scale structures of the Dutch and U.S. survey were highly comparable. Factor “Integration with specialist” had lower reliability scores and noninvariance. For the remaining factors, internal consistency and invariance estimates were strong.ConclusionsThe standardized cross‐cultural validation procedure produced strong support for comparable psychometric characteristics of the Dutch and U.S. surveys. Future research should examine the usability of the proposed procedure for contexts with greater cultural differences.

With all 50 US states reporting cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), people around the country are adapting and stepping up to the challenges of the pandemic; however, they are also frightened, anxious, and confused about what they can do to avoid exposure to the disease. Usual habits have been interrupted as a result of the crisis, and consumers are open to suggestions and strategies to help them change long-standing attitudes and behaviors. In response, a novel and innovative mobile communication capability was developed to present health messages in English and Spanish with links to fotonovelas (visual stories) that are accessible, easy to understand across literacy levels, and compelling to a diverse audience. While SMS text message outreach has been used to build health literacy and provide social support, few studies have explored the benefits of SMS text messaging combined with visual stories to influence health behaviors and build knowledge and self-efficacy. In particular, this approach can be used to provide vital information, resources, empathy, and support to the most vulnerable populations. This also allows providers and health plans to quickly reach out to their patients and members without any additional resource demands at a time when the health care system is severely overburdened.

Some of the best minds in the state participated in the Berkeley Forum for Improving California’s Healthcare Delivery System. As individuals and organizations, they have worked for decades to improve the quality, accessibility and affordability of care in California. In the Forum they worked to define initiatives that would be feasible, evidence-driven, reflective of the realities of California, and likely to substantially reduce healthcare expenditures in California. They laid out a series of recommendations that form a clear pathway to integrated care and more effective use of resources via risk-adjusted global budgets. For provider groups and health systems eager to assume more risk as a means to integrate and improve care, it was a clarion call. Of the seven initiatives called for in the Forum Report, the first two – global budgets/integrated care systems and patient centered medical homes – promise the greatest leverage in transforming health systems and represent more than three-fourths of the total projected reductions in expenditures. Since the issuance of the report, however, the momentum of the market has swung ever more decisively against these recommendations. While Medi-Cal has steadily increased the proportion of beneficiaries in managed care, commercial enrollment in risk-based products has continued to fall, in large part because commercial HMOs have lost their price advantage and employers cannot get reliable cost and utilization data from capitated networks. For providers, transforming healthcare has proven to be a slower and less certain task than they had expected. Instead of managing risk for populations

Simple Summary Sick cattle and sheep are often treated by farmers without prior veterinary examination and, as a consequence, incorrect diagnoses and inappropriate therapies are common, but these failings largely go undetected and unreported. Many farmers maintain that market forces render veterinary care of individual sick sheep and cattle too expensive. Delays in requesting veterinary attention are not uncommon causing unnecessary animal suffering and a poorer outcome. Incidence rates of endemic diseases in the United Kingdom are too high, causing animal welfare concerns, but these could be reduced by the implementation of proven veterinary flock/herd health programmes. Abstract The Cattle Health and Welfare Group of Great Britain report (CHAWG; 2012) lists the most important cattle diseases and disorders but fails to fully acknowledge the importance of animal mental health and; in so doing; misses the opportunity to further promote animal welfare. There are effective prevention regimens; including vaccination; husbandry and management strategies for all ten listed animal health concerns in the CHAWG report; however control measures are infrequently implemented because of perceived costs and unwillingness of many farmers to commit adequate time and resources to basic farm management tasks such as biosecurity; and biocontainment. Reducing disease prevalence rates by active veterinary herd and flock health planning; and veterinary care of many individual animal problems presently “treated” by farmers; would greatly improve animal welfare. Published studies have highlighted that treatments for lame sheep are not implemented early enough with many farmers delaying treatment for weeks; and sometimes even months; which adversely affects prognosis. Disease and welfare concerns as a consequence of sheep ectoparasites could be greatly reduced if farmers applied proven control strategies detailed in either veterinary flock health plans or advice available from expert veterinary websites. Recent studies have concluded that there is also an urgent need for veterinarians to better manage pain in livestock. Where proven treatments are available; such as blockage of pain arising from ovine obstetrical problems by combined low extradural injection of lignocaine and xylazine; these are seldom requested by farmers because the technique is a veterinary procedure and incurs a professional fee which highlights many farmers’ focus on economics rather than individual animal welfare.

ObjectiveThe length of hospital stay (LOS) allows for the evaluation of the efficiency of a given hospital facility, as well as providing a basis for measuring the number of hospital beds required to provide assistance to the population in a specific area.MethodsA retrospective survey was conducted on a database of 3,010 patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) from July, 2009 to July, 2010.ResultsAmong 2,840 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 92.1% had their surgery paid by the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) and 7.9% by health plans or themselves (non-SUS). 70.2% were male, the average age was 61.9 years old, and the average risk score (EuroScore) was 2.9%. The SUS and the non-SUS groups did not differ regarding the waiting time for surgery (WTS) (2.59±3.10 vs. 3.02±3.70 days for SUS and non-SUS respectively; p=0.790), but did differ with respect to the length of stay in intensive care unit (2.17±3.84 vs. 2.52±2.72 days for SUS and non-SUS respectively; p

ResumenEn este trabajo se presenta la experiencia acumulada por el Grupo de Trabajo SESPAS-SCSP (Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria-Sociedad Canaria de Salud Pública) sobre Planificación y Política Sanitaria durante la primera década del siglo xxi y su posible repercusión en el diseño de la planificación sanitaria. Repasamos las conclusiones obtenidas del periodo 2000–2008 en las cinco primeras Bienales de Planificación y Política Sanitaria. Las mesas de trabajo se diseñaron con un ponente y un replicante que expusieron los diferentes puntos de vista del tema debatido, un moderador que dirigía el debate hacia las conclusiones y un relator que ejercía de notario y asumía la responsabilidad del texto de síntesis de cada mesa. Para la redacción final de las conclusiones de cada taller o bienal contamos con dos relatores generales. Entre los años 2000 y 2008 se realizaron 25 mesas, con 121 conclusiones y con 160 participantes. Creemos que los grupos de trabajo de SESPAS aportan como valor la multidisciplinariedad profesional dentro de un contexto de debate en una sociedad profesional; crean espacios propicios para la reflexión y contribuyen a aumentar la masa crítica sobre la planificación sanitaria en España.AbstractThis article reports the experience of the Working Group of the SESPAS-SCSP (Spanish Society of Public Health and Healthcare Administration-Canary Islands Society of Public Health) in health policy and planning during the first decade of the 21st century and its possible impact on the design of health planning. We review the conclusions reached from 2000 to 2008 in the first five Biannual Planning and Health Policy meetings that took place during that period. The workshops were designed with two speakers who presented different views of the subject under discussion, a moderator, who led the debate on the findings, and a narrator who served as a notary and also took responsibility for the text summary of each table. Two general narrators were responsible for the final wording of the conclusions of each workshop or biannual meeting. From 2000 to 2008, there were 25 round tables with 121 conclusions and 160 participants. We believe that the SESPAS working groups provide multidisciplinary professional values within a context of debate in a professional environment, and create spaces for reflection, thus helping to improve the health planning system in Spain.

Dada a relevância das operadoras de planos de saúde na prestação de serviços de saúde e sua grande importância para clientes individuais e empresariais, assim como para profissionais e empresas prestadoras de serviços de saúde, é importante antecipar a capacidade financeira das operadoras que efetivamente cumprir suas obrigações contratuais (prover serviços a clientes, pagar prestadores). Para isso, desenvolvemos um modelo de previsão de insolvência específico para operadoras de planos de saúde. Por meio de uma regressão logística sobre 17 indicadores financeiros de cerca de 600 operadoras brasileiras de planos de saúde, desenvolvemos um modelo capaz de prever a insolvência de uma operadora após um ano, e analisamos a precisão desse modelo específico em comparação com a de um modelo geral bastante popular, o escore Z" de Altman. Given the relevance of health plans in the provision of healthcare and their high importance for individual and business customers, as well as healthcare professionals and companies, it is important to predict financial capacity of health plans to effectively fulfill their obligations. We develop an insolvency prediction model specific for health plans. Through a logistic regression of 17 financial measures of around 600 Brazilian health plan carriers, we develop a one-year insolvency prediction model, and its accuracy is analyzed and contrasted to that of a generic corporate model, Altman's Z" score.

Introduction: Large-scale distributed data networks consisting of diverse stakeholders including providers, patients, and payers are changing health research in terms of methods, speed and efficiency. The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) set the stage for expanded involvement of health plans in collaborative research.Expanding Surveillance Capacity and Progress Toward a Learning Health System: From an initial collaboration of four integrated health systems with fewer than 10 million covered lives to 16 diverse health plans with nearly 100 million lives now in the FDA Sentinel, the expanded engagement of health plan researchers has been essential to increase the value and impact of these efforts. The collaborative structure of the VSD established a pathway toward research efforts that successfully engage all stakeholders in a cohesive rather than competitive manner. The scientific expertise and methodology developed through the VSD such as rapid cycle analysis (RCA) to conduct near real-time safety surveillance allowed for the development of the expanded surveillance systems that now exist.Building on Success and Lessons Learned: These networks have learned from and built on the knowledge base and infrastructure created by the VSD investigators. This shared technical knowledge and experience expedited the development of systems like the FDA’s Mini-Sentinel and the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)’s PCORnetConclusion: This narrative reviews the evolution of the VSD, its contribution to other collaborative research networks, longer-term sustainability of this type of distributed research, and how knowledge gained from the earlier efforts can contribute to a continually learning health system.

Selective contracting by health insurers and channelling patients to contracted providers is crucial in a health care system based on managed competition, as this should lead to better value for money delivery of healthcare. However, an important consequence for enrolees is that health insurers interfere with their choice of care provider. This scoping review aims to find out what is known about selective contracting from the enrolee's perspective. Is it being done and how do enrolees feel about the role of their health insurer in their care provider choice? A literature search was conducted, and, in addition, experts were consulted for extra information and documents. Results show that selective contracting and channelling are practised in several countries. This is mostly through negative financial incentives, which are also found to be the most effective strategy. However, enrolees are very negative about restrictions on provider choice introduced by their insurer. This results in enrolees feeling less satisfaction with, and trust in, care providers and health insurers. Choice is crucial in this respect since enrolees are more satisfied with their health plans and care providers when they have chosen them themselves. Future research should focus on the role of trust and how people weigh different attributes of health plans if selective contracting and channelling is to be implemented in a manner acceptable to enrolees. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

This article examines rationales for public intervention in health insurance markets from the perspective of public economics. It draws on the literature of organizational design to examine alternative public intervention strategies, including issues of contracting, purchaser provider splits, and regulation of competition. Health insurance reforms in four Latin American countries are then considered in light of the insights provided by the theoretical literature. Health care expenses and lost labor earnings due to illness—not to mention the direct effects of feeling lousy and dying young—represent a major source of risk for individuals and families. Exposure to such risks is costly in itself (if individuals are risk averse), but can also have long-term effects, especially on the poor. Selling assets, withdrawing children from school to care for ill parents, and exiting the labor market can leave low-income families trapped in poverty. This article addresses the role of government in spreading and reducing health risks with particular emphasis on the design and organization of the relevant institutions in Latin America. Faced with wide disparities in both health needs and access to medical care across regions and income groups, and with continuing pressures on public finances arising from the macroeconomic crises of the 1980s and 1990s, a number of countries in the region have adopted wide-ranging health sector reforms that continue today (Greene, Zevallos, and Suarez 1999). Generally, among the higher-income countries, there has been a move toward extending explicit insurance coverage to those outside the formal labor market. At the same time, these countries have examined the ways in which insurance and health care have been delivered and have instituted reforms that are meant to improve allocative and production efficiency in the sector. Lower-income countries in the region have not proceeded as far in terms of explicit health insurance reform, which requires a certain administrative capacity, and have tended to concentrate on running public hospitals and clinics better.

INTRODUCTION: The article compares the risk and protective factors for Non-communicable Diseases (NCD), referred morbidity and access to preventive examinations in the population with and without health insurance in all Brazilian State capitals. METHODS: The study population consists of adults (≥ 18 years old) living in households with landlines in 26 Brazilian State capitals and the Federal District. Estimates of selected variables are presented according to possession of health plans ("Yes" or "No") and sex. A post-stratification was performed according to age, gender and education in both populations, and prevalence ratios were calculated, adjusted for age and sex between people with and without health insurance for the risk and protective factors for NCDs. RESULTS: A total of 54,099 people at the age of 18 or older were evaluated, 47.4% of them were beneficiaries of health plans. The coverage of health insurance tends to increase with age and level of education. Compared to non-beneficiaries of health plans, beneficiaries were more likely to have protective factors, such as healthy eating, physical activity, coverage tests, such as mammography and Pap test, and lower prevalence of risk factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, poor health assessment and hypertension. Alcohol abuse, consumption of excessively fat meats, overweight, obesity and diabetes were not associated with the variable possession of health insurance. When controlled by education, individuals who have health insurance generally have better indicators. CONCLUSION: This information is important to establish measures for reducing differences among people with and without health insurance. INTRODUÇÃO: O artigo compara os fatores de risco e proteção de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT), morbidade referida e acesso a exames preventivos na população com e sem planos de saúde nas capitais brasileiras. MÉTODOS: A população de estudo é composta por adultos (≥ 18 anos) moradores de residências com telefones fixos nas 26 capitais dos estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal. As estimativas das variáveis selecionadas são apresentadas segundo planos de saúde ("Sim" ou "Não") e sexo. Foi realizada pós-estratificação segundo idade, sexo e escolaridade nas duas populações, e foram calculadas as razões de prevalência ajustadas por idade e sexo para os fatores de risco e proteção de DCNT. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 54.099 pessoas com 18 ou mais anos de idade, sendo 47,4% beneficiários de planos de saúde. A cobertura de planos de saúde tende a aumentar com a idade e escolaridade. Os beneficiários de planos apresentaram maior chance de ter fatores de proteção, como alimentação saudável, prática de atividade física, cobertura de exames, como mamografia e Papanicolau, e menor prevalência de fatores de risco, como tabagismo, inatividade física, avaliação de saúde ruim e hipertensão arterial. O consumo de bebida alcoólica de forma abusiva, o consumo de carne com excesso de gordura, excesso de peso, obesidade e diabetes não tiveram associação com a variável posse de plano de saúde. Quando controlados por escolaridade, os indivíduos que têm planos de saúde geralmente apresentam melhores indicadores. CONCLUSÃO: Essas informações são importantes para reduzir iniquidades entre a população com e sem plano de saúde.

Background Little is known about the practitioners in managed behavioral healthcare organization (MBHO) networks who are treating mental and substance use disorders among privately insured patients in the United States. It is likely that the role of the private sector in treating behavioral health will increase due to the recent implementation of federal parity legislation and the inclusion of behavioral health as a required service in the insurance exchange plans created under healthcare reform. Further, the healthcare reform legislation has highlighted the need to ensure a qualified workforce in order to improve access to quality healthcare, and provides an additional focus on the behavioral health workforce. To expand understanding of treatment of mental and substance use disorders among privately insured patients, this study examines practitioner types, experience, specialized expertise, and demographics of in-network practitioners providing outpatient care in one large national MBHO. Methods Descriptive analyses used 2004 practitioner credentialing and other administrative data for one MBHO. The sample included 28,897 practitioners who submitted at least one outpatient claim in 2004. Chi-square and t-tests were used to compare findings across types of practitioners. Results About half of practitioners were female, 12% were bilingual, and mean age was 53, with significant variation by practitioner type. On average, practitioners report 15.3 years of experience (SD = 9.4), also with significant variation by practitioner type. Many practitioners reported specialized expertise, with about 40% reporting expertise for treating children and about 60% for treating adolescents. Conclusions Overall, these results based on self-report indicate that the practitioner network in this large MBHO is experienced and has specialized training, but echo concerns about the aging of this workforce. These data should provide us with a baseline of practitioner characteristics as we enter an era that anticipates great change in the behavioral health workforce.

O objetivo do estudo é analisar o modo como, no Brasil, operadoras de planos e seguros de saúde, serviços hospitalares e médicos organizam o acesso aos serviços de saúde, e que mecanismos utilizam para economia de custos e de decisões. A análise faz uso da literatura de regulação em saúde e da estratégia do managed care. A partir de uma seleção intencional de operadoras baseada em número de beneficiários, modalidade organizacional e abrangência geográfica, foram selecionadas amostras probabilísticas de médicos e de serviços hospitalares. Os dados foram obtidos através de questionários com representantes das operadoras, médicos e hospitais a elas credenciados. Os resultados sugerem que as relações entre operadoras, médicos e hospitais se estabeleceram em bases herdadas do antigo sistema previdenciário, com pagamento predominante de serviços por tabelas fixas e contas abertas. Mecanismos mais complexos de financiamento, de compartilhamento de riscos e de busca pela eficiência são pouco experimentados. São frágeis os mecanismos de redução de agravos, assim como os incentivos ao uso adequado das tecnologias. Fatores moderadores de consumo ou barreiras de acesso são o meio mais comum de controle de custos. Pode-se concluir que a agenda do managed care é incipiente no caso brasileiro. This study analyzes the mechanisms used in Brazil by health plan and insurance operators, hospitals and physicians for organizing the access to health care services and their strategies towards cost reduction and decision-making. The study is based on the literature about regulation of the health services, with special focus on micro-management and managed care. From an intentional sample of health care organizations selected according to the number of beneficiaries, organizational modality and geographic criteria we selected probabilistic samples of doctors and hospital services. Data were collected through questionnaires applied to key informants from health care operators and affiliated doctors and hospitals. Results suggest that the relationships between health care organizations, physicians and hospitals follow basically patterns inherited from the former social security system, mainly with fixed pricing and open account payments. More complex financing mechanisms, risk sharing and efficiency strategies are of minor interest. Mechanisms for risk reduction and encouragement of adequate use of technologies are weak. Cost control is mainly based on co-payment and barriers to access to the services. We conclude that in Brazil managed care is still in its beginning.

Este artigo caracteriza os hospitais filantrópicos com operadoras de planos de saúde, as operadoras em si, considerando seu nível de autonomia em relação aos hospitais e seu grau de desenvolvimento gerencial a partir de um estudo nacional. Foi constituída uma amostra aleatória de hospitais individuais e considerado o universo dos conglomerados hospitalares. Considerando as recusas e substituições restaram 112 hospitais individuais e dez conglomerados hospitalares. As operadoras de hospitais filantrópicos não operam exatamente dentro do mercado de planos, onde se encontra a maior parte das operadoras - seguradoras, empresas de medicina de grupo e cooperativas médicas. Não se constituem como operadoras típicas, mas funcionam a partir de "dentro da própria entidade ou hospital", quase sempre em condições limitadas de estruturas de gestão e com pouca autonomia em relação às entidades que as abrigam. Observa-se um peso maior dos planos individuais em relação aos produtos coletivos, diferentemente do resto do mercado, o que além de outras determinações pode também ser decorrente de sua limitada capacidade gerencial. This article describes charitable hospitals in Brazil that provide managed care and the health management organizations themselves, considering the level of autonomy by the latter in relation to the hospitals and their degree of management development, based on a nationwide study. A random sample of individual hospitals was drawn from the hospital groups. After refusals and replacements, the final sample consisted of 112 individual hospitals and 10 hospital groups. The charitable hospitals' managed care plans do no operate precisely according to the overall Brazilian health plan market, in which most of the managed care is situated in insurance companies, group medicine, and medical cooperatives. Rather than operating as typical plans, they function "inside the organization or hospital itself", almost always with a limited management infrastructure and with little autonomy in relation to the organizations harboring them. Individual plans were more common than collective products, unlike the rest of the market, which may also result from the limited management capacity of these arrangements.

Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa que tem por objetivo identificar e analisar os argumentos e raciocínios que justificam a satisfação dos beneficiários com os planos. A metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa utilizada no estudo se baseia na técnica de discussão em grupo (focus group) para cuja realização foram definidos: os critérios para a escolha dos planos analisados pelos grupos de discussão, a definição da distribuição e da composição dos grupos, a técnica de recrutamento, a infra-estrutura e a dinâmica dos encontros. Os beneficiários podem ser classificados em grupos de acordo com a classe social que pertencem, o local de moradia e, principalmente, a relação que estabelecem com a administração do plano, o que nos possibilitou elaborar uma tipologia de beneficiários dos planos. Inicialmente, apresentamos como os beneficiários vêem e utilizam o SUS e, a partir dos tipos de planos, foi possível avaliarmos a satisfação dos beneficiários com os diversos aspectos do serviço de saúde e identificar que aspectos mais contribuem para a satisfação dos usuários. This paper presents the findings of research aimed at identifying and analyzing the argumentation and rationale that justify the satisfaction of consumers with their health plans. The qualitative method applied used the focus group technique, for which the following aspects were defined: the criteria for choosing the health plans which were considered, the composition of the group and its distribution, recruitment strategy, and infrastructure and dynamics of the meetings. The health plan beneficiaries were classified into groups according to their social class, the place where they lived, mainly, the relationship that they established with the health plan operators which enabled us to develop a typology for the plan beneficiaries. Initially, we indicated how the health plan beneficiaries assess and use the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), and, then, considering the types of plans defined, we evaluated their degree of satisfaction with the different aspects of health care, and identified which aspects mostly contributed explain their satisfaction.

Mood disorders represent the most expensive mental disorders for employer-based commercial health plans. Collaborative care models are effective in treating chronic physical and mental illnesses at little to no net healthcare cost, but to date have primarily been implemented by larger healthcare organizations in facility-based models. The majority of practices providing commercially insured care are far too small to implement such models. Health plan-level collaborative care treatment can address this unmet need. The goal of this study is to implement at the national commercial health plan level a collaborative care model to improve outcomes for persons with mood disorders. A randomized controlled trial of a collaborative care model versus usual care will be conducted among beneficiaries of a large national health plan from across the country seen by primary care or behavioral health practices. At discharge 344 patients identified by health plan claims as hospitalized for unipolar depression or bipolar disorder will be randomized to receive collaborative care (patient phone-based self-management support, care management, and guideline dissemination to practices delivered by a plan-level care manager) or usual care from their provider. Primary outcomes are changes in mood symptoms and mental health-related quality of life at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include rehospitalization, receipt of guideline-concordant care, and work productivity. This study will determine whether a collaborative care model for mood disorders delivered at the national health plan level improves outcomes compared to usual care, and will inform a business case for collaborative care models for these settings that can reach patients wherever they receive treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02041962 ; registered January 3, 2014.