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Introduction: Health workers are groups that are vulnerable to contracting COVID-19. There are 20 health workers in West Sumatra test positive for COVID-19 until April 30th 2020, while six of them are Padang primary health care officers. Using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is important to prevent and reduce COVID-19 transmission risk of health workers. This study aimed to measure factors of using PPE for Padang primary health care officers. Methods: Research used a quantitative method with cross sectional design in 12 Padang primary health care from March to July 2020. Independent variables were age, PPE availability, leadership support, knowledge, and attitudes. Dependent variable was PPE usage behavior. Research population was health care officers who directly contacted with people in Padang primary health care area with 100 samples. Primary data collection used questionnaire with accidental sampling technique and analyzed using bivariate analysis. Results:There was a significant relationship between age and PPE usage behavior for health care officers, p value=0.037 (p

The emergence of a habit in Indonesia and even the world, namely the use of used clothes (thrifting) became the idea for this research. This new habit is known to be able to reduce the production of textile waste in the world. The purpose of this study was to obtain analysis results that affect the use of new clothes (fast fashion) on the use of used clothes (thrifting). Using the K-means Clustering method and using several parameters, including age, quality, price, and sustainability or awareness. The method of collecting data is through a questionnaire and the research material is the buyers found in the online store Instagram (thriftboys.id). From the results of the clustering process that researchers have done using the K-means algorithm with manual calculations and rapidminer applications, the conclusions consist of; 1) In clusters 1 and 2 the age factor shifting from fast fashion to thhirft is 23 years, while in cluster 3 it is 25 years, 2) In the three clusters the average income that shifts from fast fashion to thhirf is group 3 or the range of 200000 -500000, 3) In the third cluster, people switch from fast fashion to thrift because of the good quality of goods, and 4) In clusters 2 and 3 more people are aware of textile waste for the world. Meanwhile, cluster 1 has the same number of conscious and unconscious waste.

Lontar is a traditional Balinese manuscript with a Balinese script in it. Balinese traditional manuscripts can be more than 100 years old. The age factor of the Balinese manuscript has an impact on the Balinese script in it. Balinese script that has been written more than 10 years tends to be darker. This makes Balinese script not visible well, and this affects the image quality of the manuscript. This thing becomes the main issue in this research, Balinese script detection on Balinese manuscript images. the first of all is image processing using edge detection, canny and Sobel becomes the main algorithm of this process. After image processing, the Balinese manuscript will be processed with the findcontour method to detect an object that contains in it. The final process of this detection system is to separate detected objects into three main groups namely noise object, Balinese script object, and hole object. Application (Balinese script object detection system) is more accurate in detecting Balinese script objects in Balinese script under 1 year (new script), it tends to be more likely to find noise/dirt. This is because the writing of the lontar using a pencil first before using the knife media. This adds to the noise or dirt detected by the application The findcontour method can detect Balinese script objects with a detection result of 30% - 70% Balinese script objects.

BACKGROUND: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are rare diseases, which makes diagnosis a challenge. A better description of the initial presenting manifestations should improve awareness and avoid diagnostic delay. Although increased infection susceptibility is a well-known initial IEI manifestation, less is known about the frequency of other presenting manifestations.OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyze age-related initial presenting manifestations of IEI including different IEI disease cohorts.METHODS: We analyzed data on 16,486 patients of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies Registry. Patients with autoinflammatory diseases were excluded because of the limited number registered.RESULTS: Overall, 68% of patients initially presented with infections only, 9% with immune dysregulation only, and 9% with a combination of both. Syndromic features were the presenting feature in 12%, 4% had laboratory abnormalities only, 1.5% were diagnosed because of family history only, and 0.8% presented with malignancy. Two-third of patients with IEI presented before the age of 6 years, but a quarter of patients developed initial symptoms only as adults. Immune dysregulation was most frequently recognized as an initial IEI manifestation between age 6 and 25 years, with male predominance until age 10 years, shifting to female predominance after age 40 years. Infections were most prevalent as a first manifestation in patients presenting after age 30 years.CONCLUSIONS: An exclusive focus on infection-centered warning signs would have missed around 25% of patients with IEI who initially present with other manifestations.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between age, menopausal stage and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in middle-aged women.In this cross-sectional study, the serum AMH levels of 288 healthy women aged 40-55 years (divided into age groups: 40-44, 45-49 and 50-55 years) were evaluated. Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10 criteria were used to categorize these women into menopausal stages: late reproductive, menopausal transition and early postmenopausal stages. The impact of age, menopausal stage and hormone replacement therapy on serum AMH levels was analyzed using multi-factor analysis of variance. Effects of body mass index, smoking status and oral contraceptive use were simultaneously considered.The median AMH level was 0.140 ng/ml. Log-AMH levels varied according to age group (variance = 20.113,Age and menopausal stage were associated with AMH levels; age had a greater impact on AMH than menopausal stage in middle-aged women.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a public healthcare problem. Sustained hyperglycemia has been linked with many complications including impaired male fertility. The aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of STZ-induced diabetes mellitus on testicular immunomorphology both in the peripubertal period and adulthood of rats. Material and methods. Peripubertal male rats were injected with STZ (70 mg/kg), adult rats received 60 mg/kg. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess cell proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (caspase-3), expression of androgen receptors (AR), Wilms Tumor (WT1) protein. Also, the morphology of blood vessels was analyzed on the basis of CD34-immunoreactivity. Taking into consideration the small groups of animals, statistical analysis was made with the Mann–Whitney U test. Results. Fewer rows of proliferating spermatogonia were observed in the experimental animals (P < 0.05) of both age groups. Surprisingly, diabetes resulted in decreased caspase-3 expression (P < 0.05) except for the early period (2 weeks) in the peripubertal group, in which this trend was not observed. The same principles are true in terms of AR expression in seminiferous tubules. Hyperglycemia prevented immature testes from the complete development but thickens the walls of microvessels (P < 0.05). Also, the atrophy of spermatogenic epithelium and Sertoli cells was registered in most tubules of all the experimental groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion. the diabetic injury of testicular tissue is a long time process possessing characteristic feature in the peripubertal period, for example, the later development of AR deficiency. In addition, the high level of apoptosis is characteristic of an immature testis and so is the tendency of caspase-immunoreactivity to persist. Цукровий діабет (ЦД) – суттєва проблема системи охорони здоров’я. Тривала гіперглікемія пов’язана з багатьма ускладненнями, включаючи порушення фертильності чоловіків. Мета роботи – оцінити вплив індукованого стрептозотоцином (STZ) цукрового діабету на імуноморфологію яєчок щурів у перипубертатному періоді та дорослому віці. Матеріали та методи. Перипубертатним самцям щурів уводили STZ у дозі 70 мг/кг, дорослі щури отримували 60 мг/кг. Імуногістохімічні реакції проводили для оцінювання проліферації клітин (Ki-67), апоптозу (caspase-3), експресії рецепторів андрогенів (AR), білка пухлини Вільмса (WT1). Також аналізували морфологію судин на основі CD34-імунореактивності. Враховуючи невеликі групи тварин, статистичний аналіз здійснили за допомогою тесту Манна–Вітні. Результати. В експериментальних тварин (р < 0,05) обох вікових груп спостерігали менше рядків сперматогоній, що мітотично діляться. Дивно, але діабет призвів до зниження експресії каспази-3 (р < 0,05), за винятком раннього періоду (2 тижні) у групі перипубертату, в якій цей тренд не зафіксований. Подібні закономірності виявлені для експресії рецепторів андрогенів. Гіперглікемія запобігла повноцінному розвитку незрілих яєчок, але потовщила стінки мікросудин (p < 0,05). Також зареєстровано атрофію сперматогенного епітелію та клітин Сертолі в більшості канальців у всіх експериментальних групах. Висновки. Діабетичне пошкодження тканин яєчок – тривалий процес, що має характерні особливості в перипубертатному періоді, наприклад пізніший дефіцит AR. Крім того, високий рівень апоптозу характерний для незрілого яєчка, як і тенденція до збереження caspase3-імунореактивності. Сахарный диабет (СД) стал значительной проблемой здравоохранения. Длительная гипергликемия связана со многими осложнениями, включая нарушения фертильности мужчин. Цель работы – оценить влияние индуцированного стрептозотоцином (STZ) сахарного диабета на иммуноморфологию яичек крыс в перипубертатном периоде и взрослом возрасте. Материалы и методы. Перипубертатным самцам крыс вводили STZ в дозе 70 мг/кг, взрослые крысы получали 60 мг/кг. Иммуногистохимические реакции проводили для оценки пролиферации клеток (Ki-67), апоптоза (caspase-3), экспрессии рецепторов андрогенов (AR), белка опухоли Вильмса (WT1). Также анализировали морфологию сосудов на основе CD34-иммунореактивности. Учитывая небольшие группы животных, статистический анализ провели с помощью теста Манна–Уитни. Результаты. У экспериментальных животных обеих возрастных групп отмечено меньше рядов митотически делящихся сперматогоний (р < 0,05). Удивительно, но диабет привел к снижению экспрессии каспазы-3 (р < 0,05) за исключением раннего периода (2 недели) в группе перипубертата, в которой этот тренд не зафиксирован. Подобные закономерности обнаружены для экспрессии рецепторов андрогенов. Гипергликемия предотвратила полноценное развитие незрелых яичек, но стенки микрососудов стали толще (p < 0,05). Также зарегистрировали атрофию сперматогенного эпителия и клеток Сертоли в большинстве канальцев во всех экспериментальных группах. Выводы. Диабетическое повреждение тканей яичек – длительный процесс, имеющий характерные особенности в перипубертатном периоде, например дефицит AR развивается впоследствии. Кроме того, высокий уровень апоптоза характерен для незрелого яичка, как и тенденция к сохранению caspase3-иммунореактивности.

Background and aims Novel genetic determinants associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) have been discovered by genome wide association studies. Variants encompassing the CELSR2- PSRC1-SORT1 gene cluster have been associated with CAD. This study is aimed to investigate the rs629301 polymorphism association with the extent of CAD evaluated by coronary angiography (CAG), and to evaluate its associations with an extensive panel of lipid and lipoprotein measurements in a large Italian cohort of 2429 patients. Methods and results The patients were collected by four Intensive Care Units located in Palermo and Verona (Italy). Clinical Records were filed, blood samples were collected, lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) were measured in separate laboratories. CAD was defined by the presence of stenotic arteries (>50% lumen diameter) by CAG. The presence of CAD was associated with the rs629301 genotype. Patients with CAD were 78% and 73% (p = 0.007) of the T/T vs. T/G + G/G genotype carriers respectively. T/T genotype was also correlated with the number of stenotic arteries, with a 1.29 (1.04–1.61) risk to have a three-arteries disease. T/T genotype correlated with higher levels of LDL-, non-HDL cholesterol, apoB, apoE and apoCIII, and lower HDL-cholesterol. Logistic Regression confirmed that rs629301was associated with CAD independently from the common risk factors, with a risk similar to that conferred by ten years of age [odds ratios were 1.43 (1.04–1.96) and 1.39 (1.22–1.58) respectively]. Conclusions rs629301 risk allele was independently associated with the extension and severity of CAD and positively with apoE and apoB containing lipoproteins.

Purpose Two chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies have been approved in the United States (USA) in 2017 and Europe (EU) in 2018: axicabtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel. They contain the patient’s own T cells, which are extracted, genetically modified, and reinfused. Alongside the good efficacy results, the assessment of safety profile of these new therapies represents a great challenge. Our aim was to analyze the reports of the adverse drug reactions (ADR) after CAR-T administration as occurred in the real clinical setting. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study, collecting all the reports in EU (EudraVigilance, EV) and US (FAERS) databases of ADRs regarding axicabtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel. Both descriptive and statistical analyses were performed, the latter by using Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR). Results A total number of 1426 reports of suspected ADRs were retrieved in EudraVigilance and FAERS. Patients’ reported age reflected the age range for which the drugs are approved (18–64 years for axicabtagene ciloleucel and patients aged under 25 years for tisagenlecleucel). The most reported event was cytokine release syndrome (CRS), 185 events for tisagenlecleucel and 462 for axicabtagene ciloleucel in FAERS and 137 and 498, respectively, in EudraVigilance. A disproportionality was found comparing axicabtagene ciloleucel with tisagenlecleucel for the above-mentioned event: EV ROR 2.47, 95% CI 2.22–2.74, FAERS 1.89, 1.70–2.10. Conclusion CRS represents the major problem with the administration of CAR-T therapies. Our analysis has not revealed new ADRs; however, it supports the safety profile of CAR-T with new data from real clinical setting.

Objective: To determine the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus (DM) among active Tuberculosis (TB) patients. To find out the impact of age factor in the prevalence rate. Methodology: This research work is a meta-analysis to determine the prevalence rate of DM among TB patients in Asian and African countries. To conduct this research total 200 studies are reviewed and 15 studies (28,055 patients) are further used for analysis, while 47% and 53% studies of last seven years (2012-2018) have been included from African and Asian countries respectively. The data is analyzed using the Meta excel extension of excel.Results: The results revealed that highest prevalence rate 71% found within Pakistan, while overall pooled prevalence of DM among TB patients is 26% with 95% confidence interval (22.12, 28.47). It also has been determined that age significantly affects the prevalence rate of DM among TB patients with -0.634 to 4.179) confidence interval.Conclusion: It can be concluded that Diabetes Mellitus is widely spreading among people and age also significantly moderate the prevalence rate. Continuous...

Surgery is the most frequent indication and major therapy in the management of malignancy of breasts. Drain is one method to drainage the seroma formed after the modified radical mastectomy surgery. The drain-release protocol varies in each hospitals. This study aimed to compare the proportion of percutaneous aspiration in patients with early drain release with late drain release in postoperative MRM patients. The present study is a prospective cohort study comparing the proportion of percutaneous aspiration in 30 patients with early drain released with 30 patients with late drain release in Dr. Soetomo hospital The recording of the proportion of aspiration actions was conducted serially on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after drain release. Recording of age, nutritional status (BMI), tumor histopathology type, stage, shoulder mobilization time, obliterant usage, wound infections surgery, flap necrosis and hematom were analyzed to find out if there was any effect on seroma event In our study we did not find the difference in serum aspiration proportions both in the early and late drain observation group. Age factor, nutritional status (BMI), histopathology type, stage, shoulder mobilization time, obliterant use, presence of surgical wound infection, flap necrosis and hematom did not differ significantly statistically to seroma events. Statistically, there was no difference in the proportion of percutaneous aspiration in a group of observed patients with early and late drain release. Late drain release can be avoided to potentially harm the patient in decreasing the lives’ quality of the patients.

Kombucha is a well-known health probiotic drink. Kombucha was first used in East Asia (Manchuria) in the Tsin Dynasty around 220 BC which was used for detoxification. This probiotic drink is a fresh drink from a slightly sweet, slightly acidic tea that is consumed worldwide. Kombucha tea is obtained from tea leaf infusion by fermentation with SCOBY (symbiotic culture of yeast and bacteria). The taste of the fermented tea is like apple cider vinegar. With the development of The Kombucha era, it has been studied by many researchers and provides excellent health benefits including as a source of antioxidants to prevent free radicals, antibacterial, anticancer, for diabetes, cardiovascular (heart disease), digestive problems and low body immunity because age factor. In the Mandailing sub-district, Tebing Tinggi city, there is a lack of public awareness of health. With the training in making kombucha probiotic drink, it is hoped that residents in that area can apply this health drink to improve a healthy lifestyle.

In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular diseases is elevated. Moreover, various features, also including pro-thrombotic status, further predispose these patients to increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular events. Thus, the identification of optimal antithrombotic strategies in terms of the risk–benefit ratio and outcome improvement in this setting is crucial. However, debated issues on antithrombotic therapies in patients with COVID-19 are multiple and relevant. In this article, we provide ten questions and answers on risk stratification and antiplatelet/anticoagulant treatments in patients at risk of/with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection based on the scientific evidence gathered during the pandemic.

Objectives: To determine the case fatality rate of COVID-19 by evaluating the data of Patients died due to COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A total of 243 patients with PCR done from the government designated Public health research laboratory of Khyber Medical University were included in a cross sectional comparative study. Chi-square test, risk analysis, probability testing and survival analysis using Kaplan Meir test was done on data sheet prepared in SPPS version 25 in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: Out of total 243 patients, 165 (67.90%) were negative by PCR testing and 78 (32.09%) were COVID-19 positive. The Mean age with SD was 36+17 years. Out of total 178 (73.3%) were males and 65 (26.7%) were females. 34 (13.99%) had age more than 55 years, where 4/5 (80%) of the deaths were recorded. The relationship of an increase in age with rate of mortality was statistically significant (p=0.001). The over all probability of death in our population in age more than 55 years is 24 times higher (OR=24,95CI: 2.6-221.24) with relative risk of 1.1 (rr=1.11, 95CI:1-1.24). Mortality rate was 6.41%. A significant correlation of mortality with case positivity (p=0.003) with relative risk of 1.06 (rr=1.06, 95CI: 1.008-1.13). Three out of 5 of the COVID-19 positive deceased had cardiac diseases and 2/5 had respiratory disease/viral pneumonia. Using Kaplan Meir test, the survival graphs of COVID positive vs COVID negative cases had similar pattern that shows the mortality rate in the positive cases was not solely due to COVID-19, but has aggravated the pre-existing illness to cause death. Conclusion: The mortality rate was 6.41%, more in age>55 years (80%) and almost all the deceased had chronic co-morbid conditions like CAD, CCF and COPD at time of presentation. COVID-19 is not the sole killer, it contributes killing in immune-deficient patients.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is marked by an increase in blood glucose levels exceeds normal limits. One of the effects of diabetes mellitus is kidney function disorder. Many researches about diabetes mellitus found that patients have uncontrolled levels of urea and creatinine. The purpose of this study was to determine urea and creatinine levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. The research method uses a descriptive approach to determine urea and creatinine levels among diabetes mellitus patients. The results of this study based on the participant characteristics were 47.3% male respondents and 52.7% female respondents, then based on diabetic aged >45 years was 90.95% and 10 years was 18.2%. The overall creatinine and urea levels were normal. The conclusion of this study is a general description of urea and creatinine levels in the study sample within normal limits. However, the age factor of patients less than 45 years and the duration of illness from 6 to 10 years has a risk of increased levels of urea and creatinine in the blood.

Background The aim of this study was to compare early and long-term outcomes of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) versus open surgical repair (OSR) in patients aged ≤ 65 years. Methods Data of patients aged ≤65 years undergoing infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, between 2005 and 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. All EVAR procedures were performed according to the instruction for use, and only OSR procedures with an infrarenal aortic cross-clamping were included in the study. Results In this group of 115 patients (EVAR: 58 patients, 51% and OSR: 57 patients, 49%), EVAR and OSR patients had similar comorbidities, except for obesity (EVAR: 38% vs. OSR: 19%; P = 0.03). A stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) was necessary in 19% of patients with EVAR versus 79% with OSR (P = 0.001), and the amount of blood transfusion was 236 ± 31 mL for EVAR versus 744 ± 98 mL for OSR (P = 0.001). The hospital stay was 4 ± 2 days for EVAR versus 9 ± 6 days for OSR (P = 0.03). The overall 30-day mortality was 1% (EVAR: 0% vs. OSR: 2%; P = 0.30). Five patients (4%) required reinterventions within 30 days (EVAR: 0% vs. OSR: 8%, P = 0.001). The mean follow-up was 86 ± 38 months. Freedom from reintervention at 10 years after EVAR was 81% versus OSR 74%; (P = 0.77). Late reinterventions were reported in 13 patients (23%) with OSR and in 10 patients (17%) with EVAR. Postoperative retrograde ejaculation occurred more often in patients with OSR (31%) versus EVAR (2%) (P = 0.001). During the follow-up, cancer was found in 19 (17%) patients with no difference between EVAR and OSR (P = 0.83). The global survival at 10 years was 72% (EVAR: 79% vs. OSR: 70%; P = 0.94). Conclusions In this study, EVAR was associated with a shorter hospital stay, less need for the ICU, and less early reinterventions than OSR. Survival and reinterventions during the follow-up were not significantly different between EVAR and OSR. According to these results, EVAR may be considered for patients aged ≤65 years with a favorable anatomy.

Background: Fenestrated and branched endovascular aneurysm repair endograft (f/bEVAR) allows the endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal and juxtarenal and pararenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (T-J-P-AAAs); however, given their high cost and complexity, their use should be limited to patients with life expectancy >2 years. Nevertheless, the number of patients older than 80 years treated by f/bEVAR is growing, with no hard evidence of the real efficacy in this context. The aim of the present study is to analyze the survival of ≥80-year-old patients treated with f/bEVAR, and to identify possible predictors of late mortality. Methods: An analysis of clinical, anatomical, and technical characteristics of patients treated with f/bEVAR for J-, P-, and T-AAA from 2010 to 2019 in a single academic center was performed. Follow-up data were collected prospectively with clinical visit and computed tomography angiography at discharge, after 6 months, and yearly thereafter. Survival after 2 years was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Possible predictors of mortality were evaluated by univariable/multivariable analysis. Results: In the study period, a total of 243 f/bEVARs were considered: 83 for TAAA (34%) and 160 for J/PAAA (66%). Mean age was 73 ± 6 years, with 35 (14%) patients ≥80 years old; 209 patients (86%) were male and 78 (39%) had an American Society of Anesthesiology score IV. The 30-day and 2-year survival were 96% and 80 ± 3%, respectively. At a mean follow-up of 36 ± 25 months, independent predictors of late mortality by Cox regression analysis were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic renal failure (CRF), and ≥80 years old (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–3.2, P = 0.05; HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.01–3.4, P = 0.04; HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5–6.3, P = 0.002, respectively). Preoperative clinical characteristics were similar in ≥80 years old versus younger patients, except for the prevalence of TAAA (14% vs. 38%, P = 0.04). The technical success and 30-day mortality were similar in ≥80 vs.

Health problems experienced by gay, transgender, and MSM (Men who have Sex with Men) one of the psychological problems such as depression. The social problems that they often experience are stigma and discrimination, including access to health services. The risk factors of depression are genetic, age, and psychosocial factors. This study conducted to determine the relationship between risk factors of depression with levels of depression to the gay, transgender, and MSM in Bandar Lampung 2019. Methods: The type of research is an analytic survey with a cross-sectional. The samples were taken using total sampling. The subjects in this research are all 35 members of the Gaya Lentera Muda Organization. The type of data obtained is primary data. The results of this research that from 35 subjects is obtained the subjects with middle education mostly have mild depression of 7 subjects (36,8%). The subjects who have an occupation mostly have mild depression of 6 subjects (33,3%). The subjects who have genetic factors mostly have severe depression of 13 subjects (72,2%). There is a meaningful relationship between genetic factor (p value= 0,000) and psychosocial factor (education level p value= 0,040 and employment status p value= 0,050) with levels of depression to the gay, transgender, and MSM (Men who have Sex with Men). There is no relationship between age factor (p value= 0,856) with levels of depression to the gay, transgender, and MSM (Men who have Sex with Men).

The aim of this study was to evaluate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle and glenoid fossa morphology with measurements on Computed Tomography (CT) and volumetric analysis using InVesalius software program. 250 condyles in 125 patients (mean age: 40.64) was evaluated on CT. Length, width, and height of the condyle, condylar volume, the thickness of glenoid fossa (TGF), condyle surface area, anterior space (AS), superior space (SS), and posterior space (PS) were measured in this study. Two left and right sides of the jaw have been measured. Linear measurements were performed with the image analysis program (Image J, 1.4 v version, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). Volume and surface area measurements were performed with InVesalius software (CTI, Campinas, SaoPaulo, Brazil). To compare the dimensions of the condyle between males and females, there was only a significant difference in left AS and SS and no significant difference was found between males and females in other measured factors. There was a significant difference between the age groups and left SS. A significant difference was also found between the age groups and condylar height, condyle surface area, and condylar volume on both right and left sides. Evaluation of condylar morphology is important to assess the TMJ anomalies and bony changes. This study showed no significant differences between gender and all measured factors except in the left AS and SS. However, age factor had a major effect on the morphology.

Objective To evaluate the independent impact of age, obesity and metabolic risk factors on 13 circulating steroid levels; to generate reference intervals for adult men. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Three hundred and fifteen adults, drug-free and apparently healthy men underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation. Thirteen steroids were measured by LC-MS/MS and compared among men with increasing BMI. Moreover, the independent impact of age, BMI and metabolic parameters on steroid levels was estimated. Upper and lower reference limits were generated in steroid-specific reference sub-cohorts and compared with dysmetabolic sub-cohorts. Results We observed lower steroid precursors and testosterone and increase in estrone levels in men with higher BMI ranges. By multivariate analysis, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and dihydrotestosterone decreased with BMI, while cortisol decreased with waist circumference. Estrone increased with BMI and systolic blood pressure. Testosterone decreased with worsening insulin resistance. 17-hydroxypregnenolone and corticosterone decreased with increasing total/HDL-cholesterol ratio. Age-related reference intervals were estimated for 17-hydroxypregnenolone, DHEA, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol and androstenedione, while age-independent reference intervals were estimated for progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estrone and estradiol. Testosterone lower limit was 2.29 nmol/L lower (P = 0.007) in insulin resistant vs insulin sensitive men. Furthermore, the upper limits for dihydrotestosterone (−0.34 nmol/L, P = 0.045), cortisol (−87 nmol/L, P = 0.045–0.002) and corticosterone (−10.1 nmol/L, P = 0.048–0.016) were lower in overweight/obese, in abdominal obese and in dyslipidaemic subjects compared to reference sub-cohorts, respectively. Conclusions Obesity and mild unmedicated metabolic risk factors alter the circulating steroid profile and bias the estimation of reference limits for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, cortisol and corticosterone. Applying age-dependent reference intervals is mandatory for steroid precursors and corticosteroids.

This study provides insight on how the firm-created communication and consumer-generated communication messages through blog does, influence the perception of consumers and is a source of lifelong learning. This research also assesses the difference in perception of male and female based on their interaction with blogs. This research also investigates whether there is a notable impact of age factor on the consumer perception and how does information available through blog influences their perception formation. An online survey of one hyndred eighty one respondents from Pakistan analyzed statistically. Results suggested that firm created communication material on the blog, user-generated blog communication material, blog credibility, and trending brands on blogs are some of the factors related to blog marketing that influences the consumer perception about the brands. No significant relationship found between blog rating and complete product information availability on consumer perception whereas Blog credibility and trending brands on blogs positively affects the consumer perception about brands.

Working in an awkward posture without using work aids for welding shop workers can pose a risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders. The study aims to determine the factors associated with the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders in welding workshop workers in the city of Lhokseumawe. This type of research is a type of quantitative research, with a cross sectional approach. Performed on 40 populations which are all used as samples. Data collection was carried out through interviews using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) worksheet to determine the level of MSDs complaints and to find out whether age, education, years of work, number of hours worked, number of hours of rest (independent variables) affected the MSDs (dependent variable). The results showed that there was an influence of the age factor (p value = 0,000), years of service (p value = 0,000), the number of hours worked (p value = 0.009) and the number of hours of sleep (p value = 0.009) on the risk of MSDs, but the education factor did not show the effect which is significant (pvalue = 0.548). The conclusions of this study are: age, years of work, number of hours worked and number of hours of sleep are the causes of MSDs risk in welding workshop workers except the level of education which is mostly high school. It is recommended to welding workshop workers to use tools such as work desks to reduce the odd work posture, the allocation of working time in accordance with the applicable government regulations, namely 7 hours a day by business owners, as well as the continuity of activities of the UKK Team towards informal workers both in terms of knowledge transfer (counseling) and health services.

Age is a basic factor for any kind of insurance. and the premiums that are to be paid are based on Age. In India, the premiums are low for Health Insurance if the age of the proposer is less whereas the same is on the converse in case of United States including the Medic Aid or Obamacare. In case of Life Insurance, the age is the longevity factor whereas the same is the factor for Health Insurance in determining the cost and coverage. Hence to analyse the fact of Age with reference to insurance a research study was taken up and data were collected from 531 samples from salaried and business class relating to Banking, IT & IT enabled Services, Manufacturing sector in the city of Chennai relating to Standalone Health Insurers. The collected data were analysed with statistical tools and the results show that majority of the respondents were males and they are between 31-40 years of age.

Parkinson's is a neurological nervous system disorder that affects movement. A disease that is closely related to nerve cells such as Parkinson's is likely to be detected using gait data. Nowadays, symptoms of many diseases start to appear at a very early age. For this reason, analysis studies performed according to age factor for all diseases have gained importance. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to analyze the data obtained from the subjects according to the age factor by using Double Density 1-D Wavelet Transform (DD1DWT) and to detect Parkinson's disease (PD) with high accuracy. The data set consists of gait data from 15 subjects, young, adult and adult patients. Firstly, DD1DWT method was applied to data in three levels and, the approximation (CA) and detail (CD) coefficients were obtained. Afterwards, 10 features were extracted from the last level CA data obtained according to age factor. The extracted features were given to 4 different decision mechanisms in the form of binary classes as healthy young-adult patient and healthy adult-adult patient. The obtained results were interpreted with many statistical metrics. Significant results were obtained through expert systems and it was found that young-healthy data could be distinguished from adult-patient data with lower error values and 100% classification accuracy rate. ANN has proved its success for both classes with the error values closest to zero among the decision mechanisms. Although there are studies in this field in literature, the lack of adequate analysis of the effect of age factor on PH increased the importance of this study. Furthermore, the fact that some of the effective features used in this study were not used previously in this area where PD was automatically detected by expert systems supports the contribution of the study to the literature.

Objective This study aimed to develop an age-included approach to measure the potential accessibility to Emergency medical services (EMS) across urban and suburban areas of Mashhad city in Iran. Methods We used an improved version of two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) and enhanced 2SFCA (E2SFCA) methods to measure the potential accessibility to EMS services with inclusion of age factor. This enabled us to better model accessibility of the older population to the EMS. We used 22 800 records of EMS enquiries from July to September 2018 to evaluate and assess the potential improvement in access to the EMS with incorporating age in the model. Results Suburb areas had less potential accessibility compared with central urban due to the high density of EMS stations in the city center areas. Our model showed slight improvement in potential accessibility measurement as a result of the proposed age-integrated method. Conclusion An age-integrated index of accessibility method takes into account the age distribution of the population in service area is highly associated with actual measures of accessibility to EMS services. Identifying areas with poor access to EMS will help policymakers to design better policy planning to allocate resources and improve provision of EMS services.

BackgroundDiabetes is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasms. The association between the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the risk of colorectal adenomas (CRAs) in non-diabetic adults needs to be investigated.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed on non-diabetic adults with normal HbA1c level who underwent colonoscopy between January 2010 and December 2016 during health check-ups in our hospital in China. The association between HbA1c level and CRAs was assessed by multiple logistic regression models stratified by age group (ResultsAmong the 2,764 subjects, 445 (16.1%) had CRA. The prevalence of CRA varied across the three age groups. A higher HbA1c level was found to be significantly associated with increased CRA risk in the 40–50 years group (odds ratio [OR]=1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–2.78, p=0.035) after adjusting for other related factors, while this association was borderline significant among the 50 years and older group (OR=1.57, 95% CI 0.97–2.54, p=0.067). Based on the piecewise logistic regression analysis results, the thresholds for HbA1c on elevated risk of CRA were 5.44% for the 40–50 years group and 4.81% for the 50 years and older group, respectively.ConclusionsHigher levels of HbA1c, even within the normal range, were associated with elevated CRA risk among non-diabetic adults. The threshold effects of HbA1c on the risk of CRA varied across different age groups, and early screening colonoscopy might be needed for individuals in their 40s and with HbA1c levels ≥5.44%.

The welfare of the farming community is a noble ideal that must be instilled in relation to all activities in society. Lunjen Village, is a village in Enrekang Regency where the majority of the population earns income from agriculture. Agricultural zakat is one of the obligations that must be fulfilled but the partisipation in implementing agricultural zakat is considered to be very lacking in almost all regions. This study aims to see how the awareness of farmers in Lunjen Village in paying agricultural zakat and its relation to the welfare of farmers in terms of the benefits of agricultural zakat on farmers. The method used is descriptive quantitative, with Likkert Scale calculations and Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) analysis, then analyzed to see the benefits that can be felt if farmers routinely pay agricultural zakat. The results of this study found that the level of awareness of farmers is in the high category (61.67%) and the factors that have a positive and significant effect on farmers' awareness are the age factor with a Tcount of 4.322, the education level factor with a Tcount of 5.915 while the income level factor has an effect on negative and significant with a Tcount of -2.307. There are benefits that can be felt by farmers if they routinely pay agricultural zakat, namely that they can achieve farmer welfare, and economic development.

BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may persist over time; however, knowledge regarding pediatric subjects is limited. METHODS A single-center, prospective observational study was conducted on 57 family clusters of coronavirus disease 2019, including children of neonatal and pediatric age attending the University Hospital of Padua (Italy). For each patient, blood samples were collected for both the quantification of nAbs through a plaque reduction neutralizing test and the detection of antinucleocapsid-spike protein immunoglobulin G and/or immunoglobulin M. RESULTS We analyzed 283 blood samples collected from 152 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 cases (82 parents and 70 children or older siblings of median age of 8 years, interquartile range: 4–13), presenting asymptomatic or with mildly symptomatic disease. Despite the decrease of immunoglobulin G over time, nAbs were found to persist up to 7 to 8 months in children, whereas adults recorded a modest declining trend. Interestingly, children aged CONCLUSIONS Mild and asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in family clusters elicited higher nAbs among children.

BackgroundSince COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, attempts have been made to monitor trends over time and to compare countries and regions. Insufficient testing for COVID-19 underestimates the incidence and inflates the case-fatality proportion. Given the age- and sex- distribution of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19, the underlying sex- and age-distribution of a population needs to be accounted for. The aim of this paper is to present a method for monitoring trends of COVID-19 using adjusted mortality trend ratios (AMTR).MethodsAge- and sex-mortality distribution of a reference population composed of the first 14,086 fatalities which occurred before the end of March and were reported in Europe by some countries were used to calculate age- and sex-specific mortality rates per 1,000,000 population. These were applied to each country population to calculate the expected deaths. Adjusted Mortality Trend Ratios (AMTRs) with 95% confidence intervals (C.I.) were calculated for selected European countries from 17/03/2020 to 22/06/2020 by dividing observed cumulative mortality, by expected mortality times the crude mortality of the reference population. These estimated the sex- and age-adjusted mortality for COVID-19 per million population in each country.ResultsThe cumulative mortality from COVID-19, the crude mortality rates, and the AMTRs were calculated for each country and compared. United Kingdom, Italy, France and Spain registered the highest mortality in Europe. On 22/06/2020 in Europe the total mortality rate from COVID-19 was 352 per 1,000,000 inhabitants; and it was highest in Belgium (850 per 1,000,000 inhabitants) followed by Spain, UK, Italy, Sweden and France. When accounting for the underlying age and sex structure of each country, Belgium remained the single country experiencing the highest AMTR of 929 per million inhabitants on 22/06/2020; however Ireland – which had a CMR in line with the total European population – emerged as having experienced a much more important impact of COVID-19 mortality with an AMTR of 550/million on 22/06/2020, higher than Sweden and Italy.ConclusionsIn understanding and managing the pandemic of COVID-19, comparable international data is a priority. Our methods allow a fair comparison of mortality in space and over time. The authors urge the WHO, given the absence of age and sex-specific mortality data for direct standardisation, to adopt this method to estimate the comparative mortality from COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.Key messageComparing trends of the COVID-19 pandemic over time and in space is essential to monitor the disease and compare different local policiesUsing the concept of indirect standardisation we propose a method to effectively compare age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates trends interpretable as deaths for COVID-19 per million inhabitantsApplying this methods, interesting features of the infection in Europe emerged; e.g. by 22/06/2020 Belgium is the most severely affected country with an AMTR of 929 per million inhabitants, followed by the UK; Ireland and Sweden rank fourth and fifth most affected country in EuropeThe WHO should consider using this method for monitoring the spread of COVID-19, which only requires recording the total number of death from COVID-19 from each country/region

Background: Both cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies have shown that sedentary life style elevates blood pressure and increased risk of hypertension and pre-hypertension among subjects with sedentary lifestyle. Sedentary life style increase the propensity to age related diseases and premature deaths. Inactivity may diminish life expectancy not only by predisposing to age related diseases but also it may influence the aging process itself by oxidative stress. Objectives: To determine the influence age and exercise on blood pressure in sedentary and non sedentary subjects. To compare the parameters between sedentary and non sedentary subjects. Methods: 100 male healthy sedentary and non-sedentary subjects in the age group of 25-55 years were selected randomly from the general population of Gadag city. Depending upon the age, subjects were divided into three groups for analysis. Blood pressure was recorded and compared between three groups. Results: Statistically significant increase in blood pressure in sedentary subjects and also in group two and three compared to group one which shows age factor is also important in developing hypertension.

Nowadays, automation and IOT plays a key role in changing the world. Because of IOT our life gets simpler and automated day-by-day which causes mutiny in present day technology. In recent era due to a hectic schedule and uneven way of life, health problem is not relying on age factor. Under these conditions, IOT has provided an extraordinary result to monitor the health condition of individuals at their home itself. The data of different parameters regarding patient's health is obtained using sensors and it is stored by IOT and displayed through an application which gives ingress for remote monitoring. Sensors lessen the human error, and this system reduces the space occupancy. The identical part of our project is, it is alternative way of monitoring health problems and providing the solutions which is automatically generated by the system.

The characteristics of development of vascular lines are important for development and improvement of of surgical treatment, decreasing risk of complications and development of personalized approach to treatment of patients. The purpose of the study is to reveal prevalence of different variants of development of common carotid artery bifurcation and to assess their significance for clinical medicine. The sample included 70 volunteers of average age 43.4 ± 10.7 years. The 3D reconstructions of MRI data 1.5 T Brivo 355 were evaluated. The observation data was grouped and processed using software Microsoft Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20. To summarize the data, 5 main variants of location of great vessels were identified. The most rare types of development and course of carotid arteries in bifurcation area were variants "II" and "III" (8.2% of all observations). The most common development options were "I" (51.4%) and "IV" (31.4%). The variants "I" and "IV" were determined relatively evenly.The variants "II" and "III" were found on the right in 60% and 66.7% correspondingly and "V" option was found on the left in 61.5%. The typical options of location of carotid arteries near the bifurcation (variants "I" and "IV"), 82.8% in total. The cases of ventral position of external carotid artery (variants "II" and "V") were established in 12.9%. The variant III was found in 4.3% of all cases. The distribution of vascular development options depending on the gender of patients was investigated. The study did not reveal significantly pronounced deviations in distribution of variants of vascular development, taking into account the age factor. The mentioned data permits to judge with confidence about necessity of developing personalized treatment of diseases of carotid arteries, considering their anatomical features of development in bifurcation area.

The increasing prevalence of hypertension each year is a major problem in developing and developed countries. This research was conducted at the post of integrated service of elderly Working area public health center of Simpang Bahjambi, Simalungun Regency. The type of research is a descriptive correlation and using stratified random sampling technique the total sample is 88 respondents. Data were analyzed by using the chi-square test and multiple linear regression tests at 95% confidence. The results of this research show that there is no relationship between the habit of consuming alcoholic beverages with the incidence of hypertension. There was a significant relationship between age, gender, and family disease history. BMI, smoking, and stress with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly. From multiple linear regression tests, found that the most dominant variable correlated significantly with the incidence of hypertension for the elderly is the age factor. It is expected that the society to find information about hypertension disease for the elderly who expected the information is useful and can influence the change of elderly attitude in order to make efforts to control hypertension, besides that the elderly family also willing to make efforts of supervision on family members who suffer from hypertension.

Osteoarthritis (OA) pada lutut dapat menimbulkan penurunan terhadap kemampuan fungsi fisik terutama yang melibatkan pergerakan sendi lutut saat beraktivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan fungsi fisik pasien OA pada lutut. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik melalui pendektan cross sectional dengan 96 sampel. Analisis bivariat menunjukan faktor jenis kelamin (p=0,029) dan nyeri lutut (p=0,011) berhubungan secara bermakna dengan penurunan kemampuan fungsi fisik pasien OA pada lutut, sementara faktor usia (p=0,198), dukungan keluarga (p=0,648), lama penyakit (p=0,616), motivasi (p=0,074), indeks masa tubuh (p=0,833), pengetahuan (p=0,642), dan penyakit komorbiditas (p=0,604) tidak berhubungan dengan kemampuan fungsi fisik pasien OA pada lutut. Analisis multivariat menunjukan bahwa nyeri lutut merupakan faktor yang sangat berpengaruh (dominan) terhadap kemampuan fungsi fisik pasien OA pada lutut (p=0,035; β=0,217).

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), referral to nephrology is based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2012 guidelines and is generally indicated when the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is 300 mg/g) or other ‘alert’ signs such as the presence of urinary red blood cell casts. Since eGFR declines with ageing in otherwise healthy individuals, we propose that the eGFR threshold for nephrology referral should be adjusted according to age. According to current recommendations, young patients without rapidly progressing CKD are referred more often to nephrology when CKD is more severe, compared with age-matched controls with normal eGFRs, than elderly CKD patients. In this commentary, we discuss the age factor and other specific situations not considered in current guidelines for nephrology referral of CKD patients.

Purpose: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) has similarities to conditions with vascular etiologies such as myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke. Thus, it could be considered as an early sign of a vascular disease and not only a specific local condition. Chronic hypoperfusion in the brain districts leads to a chronic ischemic damage, called cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), detectable with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: The authors used CSVD to establish the presence of vascular risk factors in individuals with SSNHL and used the Fazekas score scale to classify them. Results: Our study showed that individuals with SSNHL aged between 48 and 60 years have 26% more probability to have a Fazekas score higher than 1 compared to the general population. Individuals younger than 28 years showed a statistically significant negative correlation to have a Fazekas score higher than 0. The higher is the Fazekas score, the less is the probability of hearing recovery. The medium hearing-recovery probability is 46%. This decreases by 16% for every increase of score in the Fazekas scale. In the present study, the recovery probability decreased from 80% in individuals younger than 48 years with a score of 0 to 14% in individuals with a Fazekas scores of 3 and 4. Conclusions: The authors assessed a higher prevalence of CSVD compared to the general population in patients aged between 48 and 60 years with SSNHL. Moreover, they assessed that the presence of CSVD is related to a decreased probability of recovery, as it has already been demonstrated for stroke.

Aim To investigate the effect of age on reading acuity and reading speed in attaining text information in healthy eyes. Methods Reading acuity, critical print size, reading speed and maximum reading speed were measured in groups of 40 children (8 to 12 years old), 40 teenagers (13 to 19 years old), 40 young adults (20 to 39 years old), and 40 adults (40 years old and above) using the Buari-Chen Malay Reading Chart [contextual sentences (CS) set and random words (RW) set] in a cross-sectional study design. Results Reading acuity was significantly improved by 0.04 logMAR for both CS set and RW set from children to teenagers, then gradually worsened from young adults to adults (CS set: 0.06 logMAR; RW set: 0.08 logMAR). Critical print size for children showed a significant improvement in teenagers (CS set: 0.14 logMAR; RW set: 0.07 logMAR), then deteriorated from young adults to adults by 0.09 logMAR only for CS set. Reading speed significantly increased from children to teenagers, [CS set: 46.20 words per minute (wpm); RW set: 42.06 wpm], then stabilized from teenagers to young adults, and significantly reduced from young adults to adults (CS set: 28.58 wpm; RW set: 24.44 wpm). Increment and decrement in maximum reading speed measurement were revealed from children to teenagers (CS set: 39.38 wpm; RW set: 43.38 wpm) and from young adults to adults (CS set: 22.26 wpm; RW set: 26.31 wpm) respectively. Conclusion The reference of age-related findings in term of acuity and speed of reading should be incorporated in clinical practice to enhance reading assessment among healthy eyes population.

This study examines drivers’ responses to automated driving technology failures in semi-automated vehicles. The study is executed in a human-in-the-loop setting, within a high-fidelity integrated car simulator capable of handling both manual and automated driving. A population of 40 individuals was tested, with metrics for control takeover quantification given by vehicle maximum lane offset with respect to the lane centerline, and integral offset over an S-curve turn to compare performance during recovery after automation technology failure and conventional manual driving. Independent variables for the study are the age of the driver, the speed at the time of disengagement, and time at which the disengagement occurs (i.e., how long automation was engaged for). Overall results show better performance for lower speed settings with maximum drift increasing over 116% for higher speed settings. Moreover, contrary to expectations, the age factor was found to be not statistically significant for drift performance, with older participants performing better than or equal to the younger age groups. The time dependency observed was non-linear, and the results highlighted the need for additional testing for this variable. A detailed analysis of variance, as well as preliminary recommendations for regulatory operational limitations, are presented.

Introduction and Aims: The lateral ventricles lies in each cerebral hemisphere with its three horns and body. The study of normal and variant anatomy of ventricles of brain is very useful for clinicians and neurosurgeons in their routine practice. This study is directed to look for the changes in size of occipital and temporal horn of lateral ventricle as per age and sex of brain by MRI study. Materials and Methods: MRI scan of 55 patients (25 females and 30 males) with age ranging from 1yr to 90 years were studied and the diameter of occipital and temporal horns were measured. Data was analyzed with respect to age and sex of individuals. Results: It was observed that mean diameter of both horns decreases from1yr to 10yr age group and increases from then to advancing age. No significant gender difference in dimensions of both the horns of lateral ventricle was observed. Conclusion: The present study showed that the age factor is responsible for change in the size of occipital and temporal horns of lateral ventricle. The present study will be helpful to radiologist and neurosurgeons to differentiate the enlarged size of occipital and temporal horns by aging from that of other pathological conditions. Keywords: Lateral ventricle, Occipital horn, Temporal horn.

Aim of the study. To analyze the effectiveness and safety of cytoreductive interventions in patients with IV stage colorectal cancer in account of the age factor and to assess the effect of the molecular biological properties of the tumor on long-term treatment results. Materials and methods. A comparative evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in patients of various age groups was carried out. The clinical significance of immunohistochemical markers for predicting long-term treatment outcomes has been studied. Results. The most significant risk factors for the development of postoperative complications were identified. The prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers such as the proliferative index of stem cancer cells (ALDH + Ki-67 +) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been established. Conclusion. A comprehensive analysis of the molecular biological properties of the tumor, coupled with an assessment of the functional operability of patients, provides a personalized approach to the choice of surgical tactics in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer, which allows counting on the encouraging results of cytoreductive interventions.

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) has become a major health issue in recent decades, and there is now growing interest in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), an intermediate stage between healthy aging and dementia, usually AD. Event-related brain potential (ERP) studies have sometimes failed to detect differences between aMCI and control participants in the Go-P3 (or P3b, related to target classification processes in a variety of tasks) and NoGo-P3 (related to response inhibition processes, mainly in Go/NoGo tasks) ERP components. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the age factor, which is not usually taken into account in ERP studies, modulates group differences in these components. With this aim, we divided two groups of volunteer participants, 34 subjects with aMCI (51–87 years) and 31 controls (52–86 years), into two age subgroups: 69 years or less and 70 years or more. We recorded brain activity while the participants performed a distraction-attention auditory-visual (AV) task. Task performance was poorer in the older than in the younger group, and aMCI participants produced fewer correct responses than the matched controls; but no interactions of the age and group factors on performance were found. On the other hand, Go-P3 and NoGo-N2 latencies were longer in aMCI participants than in controls only in the younger subgroup. Thus, the younger aMCI participants categorized the Go stimuli in working memory and processed the NoGo stimuli (which required response inhibition) slower than the corresponding controls. Finally, the combination of the number of hits, Go-P3 latency and NoGo-N2 latency yielded acceptable sensitivity and specificity scores (0.70 and 0.92, respectively) as regards distinguishing aMCI participants aged 69 years or less from the age-matched controls. The findings indicate age should be taken into account in the search for aMCI biomarkers This study was supported by grants from the Spanish Government, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PSI2014-55316-C3-3-R; PSI2017-89389-C2-2-R), with FEDER Funds; the Galician Government, Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Axudas para a Consolidación e Estruturación de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas do Sistema Universitario de Galicia: GRC (GI-1807-USC); Ref: ED431-2017/27, with FEDER funds SI

The role of female laborers is not only a housewife but also has multiple roles in her family. This study aims to analyze: (1) Characteristics of female labor and business profile of cassava chips, (2) The amount of female worker participation, (3) The amount of female labor contribution to cassava chips business to household income, 4) Factors influencing the participation of female workers in cassava chips business. This research was conducted in Kulim District Tenayan Raya District from January to May 2016 using survey method. The sample of the study was deliberately taken by 33 female workers. The results showed that the average age of female workers was 33 years old, 9 years old with 3 years of work experience and 4 family dependents. Furthermore, female work participation rate (TPK) on cassava chips business is 1.52% with contribution of female worker earnings to total household income is 33,37%. F-calculation results show that simultaneously the value of adjusted coefficient R square (R2) 75.20%. Partially, the factors that influence significantly to participation are age factor, work experience, and woman worker wage at 90% and 95% confidence level.

There are different BCR-ABL1 fusion genes that are translated into proteins that are different from each other, yet all leukemogenic, causing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Their frequency has never been systematically investigated. In a series of 45503 newly diagnosed CML patients reported from 45 countries, it was found that the proportion of e13a2 (also known as b2a2) and of e14a2 (also known as b3a2), including the cases co-expressing e14a2 and e13a2, was 37.9% and 62.1%, respectively. The proportion of these two transcripts was correlated with gender, e13a2 being more frequent in males (39.2%) than in females (36.2%), was correlated with age, decreasing from 39.6% in children and adolescents down to 31.6% in patients ≥ 80 years old, and was not constant worldwide. Other, rare transcripts were reported in 666/34561 patients (1.93%). The proportion of rare transcripts was associatedwith gender (2.27% in females and 1.69% in males) and with age (from 1.79% in children and adolescents up to 3.84% in patients ≥ 80 years old). These data show that the differences in proportion are not by chance. This is important, as the transcript type is a variable that is suspected to be of prognostic importance for response to treatment, outcome of treatment, and rate of treatment-free remission.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an inflammatory disease, caused by polymicrobial infection, including pathogenic bacteria which replace the vaginal normal flora and finally this replacement causes manifestations of several physiological and clinical symptoms among women within different ages. BV has become one of the main problems that make woman patients visit gynecological and obstetric consultant hospitals in most country. The present study is designed to determine the causative pathogen and the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among married women patients in Kalar district. This cross-sectional study was performed from the beginning of March to the mid April-2021 among women who attended Obstetrics and Gynecological governmental hospital and out-patient clinics in Kalar City. Intra vaginal swabs have been collected in sterile Amies transport medium sticks and processed for isolation and identification of bacterial species depending on colony morphology, Gram’s stain and microbiological analysis protocols. Then socio-demographic and gynaecologic data were collected by questionnaire. Out of the 108 participant women who suffered from Gynecological diseases, 67(62.03%) of them exhibited bacterial vaginosis. From the 73 different isolated colonies, 18 bacterial species were identified; coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the predominant cause of BV (32.84%), followed by E. coli (14.93%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.43%), Klebsiella pneumonia (8.96) and Micrococcus luteus (7.46%), while Proteus spp. and some uncommon bacteria display (1.49%) for each of them. The socio-demographic analysis between positive and negative woman patients revealed that the association between all studied risk factors and BV were statistically significant (P value < 0.05) except the age factor which was statistically non-significant meaning that the age was not associated with BV. In addition, the clinical symptom analysis showed that abnormal vaginal discharge, lower back pain, dysmenorrhea and strawberry were significantly associated with BV (P value < 0.05), while the rest of other factor did not exhibit statistically significant association.

Background: Single Event Multi Level Surgery (SEMLS) is the treatment most often used to correct deformities and functional in children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy. There is no research in Indonesia that assesses the ankle function in patients with Spastic CP Diplegic has done SEMLS. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age, gender and time period after surgery with functional ankle patients with CP Spastic Diplegic that has been done SEMLS in the RSO. Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso Surakarta (RSO). Subjects and Method : This study was a cross sectional study in 43 patients (25 male and 18 female) patients with Spastic Cerebral Palsy Diplegia that has been done SEMLS in pediatric orthopedics clinic RSO. Prof.dr.R.Soeharso Surakarta at least 3 months postoperatively, since January 1 st 2013 to December 31 st 2014. We assessed ankle function using the Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children. From the results of the questionnaire we value outcomes as a percentage and we regrouped into 4 groups: value of 91% - 100% for excellent value, 81% - 90% for good, 71% - 80% for fair and if less than 70% for poor. Then we did impact assessment for age, sex and time of the postoperative with functional ankle score of patients with examination of linear regression model analysis. Results: There were 52 patients with Spastic CP Diplegi have done SEMLS but only 43 patients who qualified the inclusion criteria, the youngest patient was 5 years old and the oldest 15 years old with a mean age of 8.3 years. From the 43 patients, 25 are men and 18 were women. Postoperative time with the fastest time of observation was 5 months and the longest was 26 months with a mean of 14.3 months postoperatively SEMLS. From the 43 patients there are 11 patients (25%) function are excellent, 21 patients (49%) are good, 8 patients (19%) are fair, and 3 (7%) are poor. Age factor significantly influence the functional ankle score (p = 0.013) and postoperative time factors also significantly influence the functional score Ankle with (p = 0.04). While gender has no effect on the functional ankle score (p= 0.266). Conclusion: Paediatri Orthopaedic clinic at RSO. Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso has succed treated patients with CP Spastic Diplegic that have performed SEMLS. Age and time of postoperative significantly influence the functional ankle score in patients with CP Spatik Diplegic that have been done SEMLS. While the sex of the patients had no effect on the functional ankle score in patients with CP Spastic Diplegic that have been done SEMLS. Keywords : RSO Prof. Dr. R. Soeharso, CP Spastic Diplegic, SEMLS, Ankle Functional Score Correspondence: Aryo Budiyogo Andryanto. Student of Orthopaedic and Traumatology school of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2019), 4(3): 228-231 https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.05

Introduction: Depressive disorders are one of the most complex and pressing problems of modern psychiatry; important scientific and practical importance is the study of the pathomorphosis of depression. The aim of the study is to study the features of clinical pathomorphosis of depressive disorders, taking into account the age factor. Materials and methods: Medical documentation of 115 men and 121 women with depressive disorders who applied for psychiatric care in 1971–1995 were studied, and 81 men and 108 women with similar depressive disorders who applied for medical care in 2015–2018 were examined clinically. Results and conclusions: In modern patients, pathomorphosis is most pronounced in young patients (under 30 years of age): asthenia and pessimism were more common in them (65.9% versus 81.9%, p

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus that may cause asymptomatic infection or various diseases, such as mononucleosis, lymphoproliferative disorders and several cancers. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of EBV among patients hospitalized in “Luigi Vanvitelli” University Hospital in the last 10 years. Our results showed that EBV seroprevalence in our geographical area was 65%. Seroprevalence increased gradually with age with no significant difference between females (49.42%) and males (50.58%). The seropositivity for primary infection was higher in patients about 5 years old, while seropositivity for past infection was predominant in patients of about 35 years old. These results underline that children in our country are still exposed to EBV. The development and the deeper use of an EBV vaccine in the early years of life could represent the solution for this infection.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a Relative Age Effect (RAE) exists in motor competence of preschool children. The hypothesis was that motor competence, assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2), would be higher in preschool children born in the first quarter of the year compared to those who were born in the last quarter of the same year. A total of 360 preschool children were evaluated of whom 208 (57.8%) were boys and 152 (42.8%) were girls, with a mean age of 4.52 years old (± 0.50). The distribution of the participants was 172 children aged 4 years old and 188 aged 5 years old. The data showed a main effect on the age factor in the total score of aiming and catching (p &lt, 0.001) and in the total test score (p &lt, 0.001), in the quarter of birth factor in all the dimensions studied (i.e., total score of manual dexterity (p &lt, 0.001), total score of aiming and catching (p = 0.001), total score of balance (p &lt, total test score (p &lt, 0.001)) and in the interaction between both factors (i.e., total score of manual dexterity (p = 0.005), total score of aiming and catching (p = 0.002), 0.001)). Age and quarter of birth produce a RAE in 4 and 5-year-old preschool children’s motor competence.

Background & aim Although acute lower GI bleeding (LGIB) represents a significant healthcare burden, prospective real-life data on management and outcomes are scanty. Present multicentre, prospective cohort study was aimed at evaluating mortality and associated risk factors and at describing patient management. Methods Adult outpatients acutely admitted for or developing LGIB during hospitalization were consecutively enrolled in 15 high-volume referral centers. Demographics, comorbidities, medications, interventions and outcomes were recorded. Results Overall 1,198 patients (1060 new admissions;138 inpatients) were included. Most patients were elderly (mean-age 74±15 years), 31% had a Charlson-Comorbidity-Index ≥3, 58% were on antithrombotic therapy. In-hospital mortality (primary outcome) was 3.4% (95%CI 2.5–4.6). At logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of mortality were increasing age, comorbidity, inpatient status, hemodynamic instability at presentation, and ICU-admission. Colonoscopy had a 78.8% diagnostic yield, with significantly higher hemostasis rate when performed within 24-hours than later (21.3% vs.10.8%, p = 0.027). Endoscopic hemostasis was associated with neither in-hospital mortality nor rebleeding. A definite or presumptive source of bleeding was disclosed in 90.4% of investigated patients. Conclusion Mortality in LGIB patients is mainly related to age and comorbidities. Although early colonoscopy has a relevant diagnostic yield and is associated with higher therapeutic intervention rate, endoscopic hemostasis is not associated with improved clinical outcomes [ClinicalTrial.gov number: NCT 04364412].