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Theoretical fundamentals of product portfolio diversification in the frames of recrea­tional tourism were disclosed. The main attractive properties of recreationaltourism resources were substantiated. The potential advantages and disadvantages of recreation tourism product diversification were investigated. The product portfolio diversification and marketing processes in recreation tourism wereanalyzed via the example of the clinical sanatorium "Kuialnik" and the resort association "Perlyna Chornomoria" located in Odesa region of Ukraine. Keywords: recreation tourism, resort, sanatorium, product portfolio, diversification.

This review article offers an analysis of application of cell-free fetal DNA non-invasive prenatal screening test for chromosome abnormalities in the mothers blood in different countries. The diagnostic capacities of the method, its limitations, execution models and ethical aspects pertinent to its application are discussed. The data for the discordant results is shown and analyzed. The advantages of the genome-wide variant of cell-free fetal DNA analysis and the problems concerning its application in the mass screening are described. The main suggestion is to implement the contingent cell-free fetal DNA testing model for the common trisomies (for the chromosomes 21, 18 and 13) into the prenatal diagnostic screening programs in the Russian Federation. This novel model is based on the results of the mass combined first trimester prenatal screening in four federal subjects of the country completed by 2019 and is offered as an additional screening in the mid-level risk group (with cut-off from 1 : 100 to 1 : 500 or from 1 : 100 to 1 : 1000) defined according to the first trimester prenatal screening results. The basic requirements for the implementation of the contingent model in the Russian Federation are stated.

AIM to determine the efficiency of different doses of erythropoietin and carbamylated darbepoetin, to prove experimentally the possibility of increasing the efficiency of carbamylated darbepoetin when using the levorotatory stereoisomer of ethoxidol. MATERIALS AND METHODS On the model of ischemia-reperfusion injury in male CD-1 mice that were undergone to contralateral nephrectomy, the nephroprotective effect of different doses of erythropoietin alfa, carbamylated darbepoetin, L-ethoxidol (the levorotatory enantiomer of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate), and the combined use of L-ethapylated carboxypyridine malate and L-etapoietin alfa was studied. The parameters of microcirculation and glomerular filtration rate were studied one day after 30-minute ischemia. RESULTS It has been established that the prophylactic use of erythropoietin alfa and carbamylated darbepoetin in the model of ischemia-reperfusion injury of a single kidney reduces the severity of microcirculatory impairment and ensures the preservation of the glomerular filtration rate in dose-dependent manner. The synergistic effect of L-ethoxidol and carbamylated darbepoetin was found when these substances were used together. CONCLUSION Prevention of ischemia-reperfusion kidney injury by analogs of human erythropoietin and their combination with ethylmethylhydroxypyridine derivatives is experimentally-proved.

The correction of free radical oxidation processes is one of the most promising strategies of neuroprotection in acute cerebrovascular disorders.The aim of the study is an experimental study of the neuroprotective effects of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives, as well as their combined use.Materials and methods. The study was performed on 109 male Wistar rats. The neuroprotective effect of the substances was studied on a hemorrhagic stroke model. The study drugs were administered to the animals intraperitoneally. Carbamylated darbepoetin was administered three times in advance at the dose of 100 µg/kg within intervals of 3 days, the last injection took place 1 hour before the operation (the total dose was 300 mg/kg). Etoxidol was administered once 1 hour before the surgery at the dose of 50 mg/kg. The survival rate, behavioral features and the state of the animals on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days were recorded, and the morphological assessment of the brain was carried out.Results. The investigated substances had a positive effect on both the survival rate of the animals during the first day and on the 14th day. The best survival rates on the 14th day were recorded in the group of a combined use of ethoxydol and carbamylated darbepoetin (75%). Thus, in this group of rats, a faster recovery of neurological disorders was already distinguished from the first day on. By the 7th day, more than 50% of the rats receiving the combination of the studied drugs, had had a slight neurological deficit (up to 3 points on the McGrow scale); by the 14th day there had been only minor changes in the neurological status in the rats of this group. A pronounced neuroprotective effect of the combination of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives has been confirmed by a histological examination of brain slices – a more rapid decrease in the size of perifocal edema and microcirculation disorders, less damage to neurons and glial elements, and faster processes of resorption and organization of hemorrhage. A macroscopic examination of the brain sections stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride of the dying rats, showed that perifocal necrosis had been the main cause of high mortality in the control group after the 3rd day.Conclusion. As a result of the experiment, the nephroprotective effect of the studied derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin has been proved. Moreover, the combination of these drugs has shown a greater neuroprotective activity than their isolated use. The additive effect of these drugs was due to their action mechanism resulting from the synergism of various structures and components of the cells.

Cystatin C improves the risk stratification among people with diabetic nephropathy, the risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease, disorders of the visual organ and nervous system in the preclinical and early stages. The aim of the study was to study the frequency of angio-, retino- and neuropathy, as well as differences in general clinical and anthropometric parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with different levels of albumin in the urine depending on cystatin C. The sample was 78 men and 62 women aged 22-26 years, patients with T1D, who were hospitalized in the therapeutic department №1 and №2 of the Vinnytsia Regional Highly Specialized Endocrinology Center. The control group consisted of 8 healthy men and 13 healthy women of the same age. The level of microalbuminuria and cystatin C was determined for all patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The frequency of angio-, retino- and neuropathy, general clinical (systolic, diastolic, pulse) and anthropometric (height, weight, body surface area, waist circumference, body mass index) was assessed indicators. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed in the license package “Statistica 5.5”, using non-parametric evaluation methods. It was found that in the group of men with cystatin C0.9 with increasing albuminuria, the percentage of patients with more severe microvascular complications of T1D. In patients with diabetes mellitus 1 compared with the control group systolic blood pressure is significantly higher and increases with increasing albumin levels in the urine (with cystatin C0.9 – in men with normo-, microalbuminuria by 4.9% and 7.2%, in women with proteinuria by 19.5%). Similar changes were found for diastolic blood pressure (with cystatin C0.9 – in men with microalbuminuria by 9.0%; in women with normo- and proteinuria by 9.5% and 21.5%) and heart rate (with cystatin C0.9 – in men with microalbuminuria by 12.0%, in women with normo-, microalbuminuria and proteinuria by 10.1%, 16.3% and 25.3%). In patients with T1D compared to the control group, the length of the body is significantly smaller and decreases with increasing levels of albumin in the urine (with cystatin C0.9 – in men with normo-, microalbuminuria by 5.2% and 7.3%, in women with normoalbuminuria and proteinuria by 2.6% and 4.3%). Similar changes were found in men for body weight (with cystatin C0.9 – with normo- and microalbuminuria by 10.2% and 25.4%) and body surface area (with cystatin C0.9 – with normo- and microalbuminuria by 8.2% and 16.2%). The size of the waist circumference in patients with T1D with normoalbuminuria is significantly higher, and in patients of other groups significantly less than in healthy subjects (with cystatin C0.9 – with microalbuminuria by 5.1%). Compared to healthy women, the waist circumference was significantly higher in sick women (with cystatin C0.9 – with normo- and proteinuria by 9.7% and 6.0%). In patients with T1D men with proteinuria compared with the control group, the value of the body mass index was significantly lower by 9.7% (cystatin C0.9) compared with healthy women. Thus, between healthy and patients with T1D with varying degrees of albuminuria, differences in general clinical and anthropometric parameters were found, and they are greater the higher the level of cystatin C.

The aim of the study was to test whether P-αB can be positioned as a preventing and treating agent for cardiovascular diseases.Materials and methods. The study was performed on sexually mature male Wistar rats. Endothelial dysfunction was modulated by a 7-days intraperitoneal administration of L-NAME at the dose of 2.5 mg/100 g. P-αB, or erythropoietin (EPO), was used for therapy at the dose of 2.5 µg/100 g × 3 times for 7 days, the total dose was 7.5 µg/100 g. The function of endothelium was estimated by an endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation. In addition, a histological assessment of the abdominal aortic wall state and the analysis of eNos, Tnf and Il-1β genes expression were performed. To estimate prothrombotic properties, P-αB and EPO were administered, at the doses of 2.5 and 5 µg/100 g (3 times a day for 7 days, the total doses were 7.5 µg/100 g and 15 µg/100 g, respectively) and on the 8th day, the time of ferric (III) chloride-induced carotid artery thrombosis was estimated.Results. Theresults of the functional tests for endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatation, as well as the histological picture of the aorta have evidenced that P-αB and EPO do not affect L-NAME-induced hypertension but improve the endothelium function. At the same time, P-αB shows a significantly higher endothelial-protective activity, reducing the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction from 5.1±0.15 to 2.72±0.12. In addition, P-αB has significantly increased the expression of eNos and reduced the expression level of Tnf and Il-1β mRNA genes. Carrying out Ferric (III) chloride-induced carotid artery thrombosis has revealed that P-αB (5 µg/100 g × 3 times a day for 7 days, total dose was 15 µg/100 g) has a lower but statistically significant prothrombotic activity than EPO.Conclusion. P-αB can be positioned as an atheroprotector because of its ability to prevent the death of endothelial cells, as well as to reduce remodeling and proinflammatory activation of the vascular wall. However, the prothrombotic properties of P-αB limit its use as a preventing and treating agent for atherosclerosis-associated diseases.

Soliris® (Eculizumab) was approved by regulatory authorities as the first drag for treatment of orphan disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, in 2007. Later its use was extended for treatment of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome and myasthenia gravis. The high cost, the unavailability of therapy for a number of patients, as well as the expiration of the patent protection period for Soliris®, these factors became the prerequisite for the development of biosimilar medicinal products. Here, comparative analysis of PRK-001 (LLC «Pharmapark») and reference drag product, Soliris® (Alexion Pharmaceuticals, USA), was carried out. Physicochemical biosimilarity assessment has shown complete comparability of both products in terms of protein sequence as well as higher order structures. Post-translation modifications as well as impurity profile were the same too. Neither biosimilar nor reference product had impurity amount exceeding threshold. Biological properties of the reference product and biosimilar were the same. Since the comparability of the both drags has been proven, it can be assumed that PRK-001 is biosimilar of Soliris®. Eculizumab, Soliris, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, physicochemical comparison, post-translational modifications, biosimilar, drag product

The article is aimed at researching the tools and parameters of assessing the effectiveness of innovation activity, increasing the competence of tourism enterprises, improving the competitiveness of innovative enterprises, international tour-operator-ranking. The system of tourism multipliers is substantiated, which special constituents are: an innovation multiplier, which represents an increase in income in the tourism economy, possible as a result of the implementation of a new product, changes in service technology, in the marketing, process, service, organizational or other innovations; also the company’s sustainability growth multiplier as an indicator of the estimated business reputation of the tourism company as part of the overall corporate strategy, market share and participation in the distribution/redistribution of tourist flows.

The high quality of the carbon raw materials heat treatment control reduces the defective products output in carbon products manufacturing on subsequent stages and improves finished products quality. Synthesis of such systems is possible only under processes that take place at this production stage in detailed study condition. Taking into account that it is practically impossible to carry out research on real objects, the only alternative remains the mathematical modeling method. Considering significant amount of time of the complete process of mathematical model calculating, there is a need to find and implement methods for its simplification. In this study, the choice of Fourier method to simplify carbon materials heat treatment in electric calciner mathematical model was substantiated based on the existing simplifying mathematical models with distributed parameters of methods analysis. A simplified mathematical model of this process is developed. The optimal simplified mathematical model structures are determined. Their parametric identification was carried out. Correspondence of the calculation results using the simplified and initial mathematical models was investigated. As a result, we obtained a model that accurately maps the temperature fields obtained using the full model, and has a rather insignificant calculation time (several seconds). In future studies it is planned to conduct a model adequacy examination with experimental data. After this, the model can be used as a further electric calciner working zone in carbon material heat treatment process temperature fields study, and for this process control system in real time synthesis.

In the present study, the optical absorption of a semiconductor surface covered with metallic spheroidal nanoparticles is considered theoretically. The theoretical approach used for calculation of light absorption in such structures is based on the concept of effective susceptibility and made in the frame of Green’s functions theory. The effective susceptibility is taken in an analytical form. The absorption spectra were calculated for coverages with nanoparticles having different shapes and surface densities at different angles of external light incidence. The obtained results predict strong configurational resonances in the spectral range where the absorption is maximum, i.e. resonant enhancement of absorption by nanoparticles of certain shape and surface density. The developed technique of calculation can be further applied to calculation of various effects caused by the excitation of surface plasmons in metallic nanoparticles under applied external fields yielding a wide range of applications of such structures in many fields, such as biomedicine, solar energy, environment protection, and information storage technology. Keywords: Semiconductor surface, Metal nanoparticles, Configurational resonance, Absorption spectrum, Effective susceptibility

The development of optimal control of the process of baking carbon products involves consideration of the influence of characteristic zones of the furnace and uniformity of the temperature field of workpieces. This statement suggests the development of a distributed-parameter mathematical model of the furnace. It is known that the calculation time of such models is quite large, and then their application in real time is impossible. According to the above, for further development of the optimal control system of the baking process, there is a need to reduce the full mathematical model providing the necessary calculation time. The reduced mathematical model of the baking process, which differs from the known models in shorter calculation time was developed and investigated in compliance with accuracy requirements. It is found that for cases of using n>15 first basis vectors, the restriction on the permissible error of approximation of the values of Fourier coefficients is fulfilled. The possibility of choosing the optimal structure of identification models determines the possibility of obtaining temperature images of the reduced mathematical model with the necessary accuracy. The results obtained allow flexible selection of the reduced mathematical model in accordance with the technical capabilities of computing equipment. Given that in the process of baking carbon products, the defining temperatures are workpiece temperatures, only control points of workpieces were selected for the quality study of reduced models. Since the process of baking carbon products consists of three main stages, three reduced mathematical models of these stages were implemented for adequate modeling of such a process. The study of the accuracy of reduced models included comparisons of temperature values calculated by the reduced model with temperatures calculated by the initial model, which in this case was considered as a generator of experimental data

the work is aimed at solving the current problem of automatic recognition and processing of scan/photo of documents. To solve this problem, the work uses approaches to artificial intelligence, namely artificial neural networks. The main difference between this work and the existing ones today is the solution of the described problem in conditions of limited sampling. The approaches of neural networks pre-learning using the well-known structure of the autoencoder, data augmentation and minimization of parameters were used to achieve an effective solution at minimal cost.

The obtained results address the solution to problems on enhancing the reliability and operation efficiency of fuel consuming equipment at industrial and power engineering facilities in the course of low-cost modernization through the introduction of effective fuel combustion technology. Using statistical methods of experiment planning, regression dependences of boundaries of the detachment work of burners were obtained. Solving the optimization problems for the derived functions made it possible to select the values of fuel distribution parameters for natural and liquefied gases with the purpose of decreasing the operation technical minimum of FE loading. As a result, possibilities of starting the equipment at gas pressure Р start =10 Pа were achieved and minimally possible workload of FE was decreased up to 5…10 % of the nominal, which corresponds to the coefficient of working load regulation K R >10. The presented results on improvement of starting characteristics of burners, as well as reserving of natural gas by liquefying will make it possible to ensure reliability of FE operation. A decrease in starting consumption minimizes the possibility of gas contamination of the furnace space (explosiveness) and decreases thermal intensity of FE elements, preventing the thermal «shock» on the heat exchange surface of the equipment.

GaAsBi/GaAs double quantum well (DQW) heterostructures are grown at low temperatures using molecular beam epitaxy without growth interruption and studied by means of high-resolution x-ray diffraction and continuous wave photoluminescence (PL). Line shape analysis of PL spectra measured at various excitation densities allows reveals QW coupling due to tunnelling. It is shown that an efficient PL of GaAs/GaAs 1−x Bi x /GaAs DQWs is significantly more thermally stable than that from a single quantum well (SQW) structure of similar composition. Such stabilization is described in terms of carrier redistribution between coupled quantum wells and is caused by carrier capture in the QW, thermal emission, and diffusion in the barrier.

The object of research is the process of formation of carbon products. The production of carbon products is characterized by considerable resource and energy intensity, therefore the actual task is to increase the efficiency of this production by introducing the optimum operating modes of its component technological processes. One of the main technological processes in the production of carbon products is the process of their formation by squeezing of the electrode mass through a mouthpiece of the corresponding shape in a hydraulic press. All inherited properties that determine the quality of finished products are laid at the stage of pressing the electrode blanks The analysis of the existing control systems for the process of formation of carbon products shows that the formation process is a typical cyclic process. For such processes, the control task is, as a rule, to implement such controls that would ensure that one or more output variables are tracked by a predetermined path of motion, which is repeated from cycle to cycle. A new control system is proposed that provides for iterative learning control in formation of the electrode mass by squeezing through a mouthpiece of the corresponding shape in a hydraulic press. The corresponding ILC algorithm is proposed. Thanks to this solution, a high quality control is provided in the absence of initial uncertainties and external disturbances.

The objective of the study was analysis of results of examination and treatment of patients with biliary pathology and detection of diagnostic peculiarities and medical tactics for patients with the complicated forms of cholecystitis. The analysis of results of examination and surgical treatment is based on observation of 704 patients suffering from cholecystitis, who were treated in the clinics of general surgery of N.I. Pirogov Vinnitsa National Medical University in the period from 2014 to 2018. The presence of concomitant pathology (obesity, ascites), anatomical-topographical features of the organs and level of knowledge of doctors making USD of surgical pathology were found to influence on the quality of diagnostics and surgical tactics., Целью исследования стало проведение анализа результатов обследования и лечения больных с билиарной патологией и выявлением особенностей диагностики и лечебной тактики у больных с осложненными формами холецистита. Анализ результатов обследования и хирургического лечения основан за наблюдениями 704 больных, которые страдали на холецистит и находились на лечении в клиниках общей хирургии Винницкого национального медицинского университета им. Н.И.Пирогова в период с 2014 по 2018 гг. Обнаружено, что на качество диагностики и хирургической тактики влияет наличие сопутствующей патологии (ожирение, асцит), анатомо-топографические особенности органов и уровень знания врачами УЗИ хирургической патологии., Метою дослідження стало проведення аналізу результатів обстеження і лікування хворих на біліарну патологію та виявлення особливостей діагностики і лікувальної тактики у хворих з ускладненими формами холециститу. Аналіз результатів обстеження і хірургічного лікування основано на 704 хворих, що страждали на холецистит, які знаходилися на лікуванні в клініках загальної хірургії Вінницького національного медичного університету імені М.І. Пирогова в період з 2014 по 2018 рр. Виявлено, що на якість діагностики та хірургічної тактики впливає наявність супутньої патології (ожиріння, асцит), анатомо-топографічні особливості органів та рівень знання лікарями УЗД хірургічної патології.

When developing personalized diets (personalized nutrition) it is necessary to take into account individual physiological nutritional needs of the body associated with the presence of gene polymorphism among consumers. This greatly complicates the development of rations and increases their cost. A methodology for the formation of target diets based on the multidimensional objects clustering method has been proposed. Clustering in the experimental group was carried out on the basis of a calculation of the integral assessment of reliable risks of developing decease conditions according to selected metabolic processes. And genetic data of participants was taken into account. The use of the proposed method allowed reducing the needed number of typical solutions of individual diets for the experimental group from 10 to 3.

Sress-strain states of two types of nodes - MARKHI node and author’s node on sheet plates - are studied. Reliability of space structure nodes is analyzed with the use of modern computing complexes for structural analysis of mechanical systems. Computing complexes LIRA, Cosmos Works, DesignSpace, SCAD are used as research tools. Iterative processes of search for nodes rational geometry are organized. It is found that iterative search for nodes on the base of massive body should be organized by elimination of excessive material, but for nodes on sheet plates - by addiction of «missing» material. Prescriptions for rational design of both types of nodes are done.

The article describes a case of pregnancy in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. It is of note that both local and foreign medicine this disorder is a contraindication to pregnancy due to a high risk of maternal and fetal complications. The authors review literature on pre-pregnancy planning and preparation, pregnancy management, types of deliveries and approaches to anesthesia in female patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Special attention is paid to anesthesiological complications during delivery, ways of their management and correction. Due to a high inheritance rate of this disorder, genetic consulting and extracorporeal fertilization methods are of great importance.

Background Perirosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are costly and difficult to treat. The most common causes of PJIs are Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Eravacycline is a newer tetracycline with promising activity against Gram-positive and negative bacteria which is approved for treatment of complicated intraabdominal infections. Here, the in vitro activity of eravacycline was assessed against bacteria associated with PJI. Methods 185 staphylococcal isolates, including 38 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 64 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), 62 methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) and 21 methicillin-susceptible S. epidermidis (MSSE) strains were studied. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (range of 0.06-64 µg/ml tested). Results were analyzed using susceptible breakpoints from EUCAST (≤0.25 µg/ml) and the FDA (≤0.06 µg/ml). Minimum biofilm bactericidal concentrations (MBBCs) were determined using a modification of the Calgary biofilm method. Briefly, biofilms were formed on pegged lids in trypticase soy broth, after which the pegged lids were rinsed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), transferred to a plate containing dilutions of eravacycline in cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth (CAMHB) and incubated for 20-24h. Finally, the pegged lids were again rinsed in PBS and transferred to a plate containing CAMHB and incubated for 24h. The MBBC was the lowest concentration with no visible growth. Results MIC50/90 (range) in µg/ml for MRSA, MSSA, MRSE, and MSSE were 0.125/0.125 (≤0.06-0.25), ≤0.06/0.125 (≤0.06-0.25). 0.125/1 (≤0.06-2), and 0.25/1 (≤0.06-1), respectively. Using the EUCAST susceptible breakpoint, 100% of isolates would be considered susceptible, whereas only 54% would be considered susceptible using the FDA breakpoint. MBBC50/90 (range) in µg/ml for MRSA and MSSA were both 8/16 (4-16); for MRSE and MSSE, the values were 4/16 (2-32) and 8/16 (2-32), respectively. Conclusion Our data suggest that the FDA susceptible breakpoint may need re-evaluation. Eravacycline has low anti-staphylococcal biofilm activity. Disclosures Robin Patel, MD, Accelerate Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)CD Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)Contrafect (Grant/Research Support)Curetis (Consultant)GenMark Diagnostics (Consultant)Heraeus Medical (Consultant)Hutchison Biofilm Medical Solutions (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)Next Gen Diagnostics (Consultant)PathoQuest (Consultant)Qvella (Consultant)Samsung (Other Financial or Material Support, Dr. Patel has a patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic, and a patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued.)Selux Dx (Consultant)Shionogi (Grant/Research Support)Specific Technologies (Consultant)

In article the appearance reasons of metal different forms elements in assembled crop of cereals or herbal flour are considered. It’s noted that these elements are almost not extracted from agricultural products by screening, sorting by weight, etc. The different methods (magnetic, nuclear-magnetic, X-ray, etc.) for presence determined of metal particles in this product with elative concentrations determined. A method is proposed which on basis of electromagnetic separation of these products allows us to establish of agricultural land pollution state of different foreign elements.

The world is dedicated to studies recombinogenesis in evolution and selection, on the variability causes of recombination and segregation parameters in hybridological analysis. The necessity of a careful choice in control unit for recombination experiment dependent on the architecture of a species reproductive system.

In the course of present research, we examined a method to control the environment of a cognitive radio using a PNN neural network as a decision-making system. As a result of research into the WRAN environment control architecture using a neural network, a flow chart of the environment control algorithm has been developed. Its special feature is that a neural network is located at each base station and interacts with other WRANs according to the IEEE 802.22 standard. The cognitive radio environment control architecture has been improved using a PNN network. This is achieved by applying a special case of radial basis networks ‒ a probabilistic neural network and a hybrid learning system, as well as a hybrid form of error correction and accumulating the experience of past iterations.To simulate a PNN neural network, the MATLAB software package was selected using standard functions of "Neural" and "Simulink" sections. To determine the two measurable vectors of the input set, four domains of input vectors with a normal distribution law with arbitrary values have been created. As a result of the network simulation, a connectivity matrix corresponding to the input vector has been generated.A PNN neural network simulation showed statistically confirmed results. The network has one competing layer and a layer for receiving and splitting the attributes of the input vector. This ensures the use of a small number of network neurons and, accordingly, the fast learning ability of the network – 1200 ms, which is 1.67 times faster than the required value, which is achieved by employing parallel processing of information.Moreover, the improved method provides the ability to work in the presence of a large number of uninformative, noise input signals, as well as the adaptation to environmental changes, В ході досліджень отримав подальший розвиток метод управління середовищем когнітивного радіо і було здійснено впровадження когнітивних функцій в її архітектуру. Запропоновано архітектуру управління середовищем WRAN з використанням когнітивних функцій, а також розроблено блок-схему алгоритму управління середовищем WRAN, реалізованого під управлінням нейронної мережі, В ходе исследований получил дальнейшее развитие метод управления средой когнитивного радио и выполнено внедрение когнитивных функций в её архитектуру. Предложена архитектура управления средой WRAN с использованием когнитивных функций, а также разработана блок-схема алгоритма управления средой WRAN, реализованная под управлением нейронной сети

Prenatal diagnostics of anatomic and chromosomal defects at future child is represents high-allowing technology in system of obstetric monitoring behind the course of pregnancy and a condition of a fruit. Carrying out reform of system of prenatal screening in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation within transition to the international standard of diagnostics to early terms of the pregnancy which is carried out with support of the Government, demands regular audit. The analysis of the first results innovative for the country of mass combined PS of 1 trimester is carried out with use of the uniform software, allowing to calculate individual risk of frequent chromosomal aneuploidiya at a fruit on biochemical and ultrasonic markers only on condition of existence of personal competence of the ultrasonographer.

A new K-330-23.5 steam turbine is presented. It is intended both for newly constructed power engineering installations and for replacing K-300-240 turbines that have exhausted their lifetimes. It is shown that this turbine can be used when reconstructing Kharkiv Turbogenerator Works K-300-240 turbines with installation of a new unit on the existing foundation.

Ideas concerning an efficiency of breeding program, seed production and adequate strain testing are reviewed regarding to up-to-date requirements need for agriculture. The efforts are focused on ecological plant adaptation to stresses. That is why, there is extremely necessary to develop a range of cultivars and varieties with desirable characteristics which could provide germplasm protecting and prevention of yield losses under stress conditions. Moreover, there should be organized seed stocks, taking into account the all cultivated area in Russia. Ecological stable plant cultivation is a most suitable way of plant growing that also leads to precise strain identification for all cultivars handled in a considered region.

Two versions of reconstructing a T-100-12.8 turbine with the use of advance technical decisions and modern methods of design are presented.

The technologies of strengthening articles of the steam-turbine flow path (working blades, disks, and shafts) that are developed and introduced into practice are considered. These technologies are aimed at increasing reliability and wear resistance. Information is presented on fretting technology for disks and attachment roots of working blades using rolling-out methods, pneumatic shot-blasting strengthening, and diamond smoothing, as well as regarding protective-coating deposition and electric-spark alloying technologies for working parts of the blades. The results from studies conducted at the stage of mastering these technologies and their introduction into practice are given.

The basic principles of modernization of the low-pressure cylinder flow path of T-185/220-12.8 turbines are presented. It is shown that its implementation allows substantial increase in economic efficiency and reliability of the turbine unit operation in the condensation and cogeneration modes.

Statistics of damage of steam turbine disks operating in the zone of phase transformation is analyzed and it is inferred that it is possible and expedient to determine group lives of rotor parts experiencing the action of permanent and objective negative factors. Statistics of damage in the form of circular cracks in low-temperature rotors of steam turbines of various types is presented.

Rates of Down syndrome (DS) show considerable international variation, but a systematic assessment of this variation is lacking. The goal of this study was to develop and test a method to assess the validity of DS rates in surveillance programs, as an indicator of quality of ascertainment. The proposed method compares the observed number of cases with DS (livebirths plus elective pregnancy terminations, adjusted for spontaneous fetal losses that would have occurred if the pregnancy had been allowed to continue) in each single year of maternal age, with the expected number of cases based on the best-published data on rates by year of maternal age. To test this method we used data from birth years 2000 to 2005 from 32 surveillance programs of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research. We computed the adjusted observed versus expected ratio (aOE) of DS birth prevalence among women 25-44 years old. The aOE ratio was close to unity in 13 programs (the 95% confidence interval included 1), above 1 in 2 programs and below 1 in 18 programs (P

Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of magnetoresistance are studied in semimagnetic quaternary solid solutions of n-Hg1-x-yCdxMnyTe (x 100 meV. The effect of the a value reduction is found to be the most pronounced near the semimetal-semiconductor transition and probably depends on the value of spin-orbit splitting in semimagnetic semiconductors. It is assumed to be connected with the growth of p-d exchange admixing due to the small Eg value.

The potential for remediation and rehabilitation of areas contaminated by radionuclides is largely based on the predictions of individual doses, the internal doses being estimated by the potential contribution of major food products. As an example, the Chechersk region in the Gomel district has been selected to represent areas where, in 1995, individual doses exceeded the national dose limit of 1 mSv/yr. For this area, the contribution of food consumption to the total dose has been estimated, and measures for its reduction are proposed. The radical improvement of pastures for grazing of private dairy cows is one of the most effective measures to reduce internal 137 Cs doses. It is shown that the use of herbage from a cultivated pasture with an average 137 Cs contamination level of 405 kBq/m 2 during five subsequent years leads to an individual accumulative averted dose from milk consumption of 0.98 mSv, which is below the given dose limit of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. In this paper estimates of fluxes of mainly 137 Cs and to a smaller extent of 90 Sr associated with foodstuffs derived from various ecosystems are given and account is also taken of the radioactivity exported from the area.

We present the results of computational investigations of the efficiency of the operation of PT-135 and PT-140 turbines with the last stage of the low-pressure part removed and the diaphragm of this stage left in place.

This article describes a group of optical methods for studying the explosion of shaped charges, including modifications of established methods (slit photorecording, the luminous points method, laser probing) and two new methods — measurement of wave velocities with transducers based on optical fibers and laser visualization of the shaped-charge jet. Optical methods are used to study such jets under laboratory conditions. Characteristic distortions of the symmetry of the detonation front and their effect on the jet are discussed, the probable character of breakup of the jet is established, and the distribution of the jet particles with respect to size is determined along with the maximum values of average limiting tension for copper.

The study suggests an automatic temperature control system for more than one industrial air conditioner since industrial equipment is much more complicated than household one and often requires working out individual projects. The mathematical modelling of a water cooler of an industrial air conditioner is based on transfer functions that allow an accurate description of the object of control. This mathematical model reflects the real nature of changes in air parameters and can be used in the development of other temperature control devices. The devised scheme simulates the behaviour of control systems for industrial air conditioners. The scheme of the control system is implemented in the Simulink package, MATLAB. It includes two air conditioners and operates in three modes that are determined by temperature ranges. The research reveals the operational features of the automatic control system for two industrial air conditioners, reflecting the nature of changes in the air temperature and experimental values of the system operation time. The versatile nature of the new system distinguishes it among other automatic control systems and makes it valuable for further research in this area. The possibility of adjustment to air conditioning peculiarities allows creating an improved control system that would resolve the problem and ensure an effective control of air conditioners. The research findings can be used in further individual projects of air conditioning of industrial buildings, which is likely to provide high-quality automatic air temperature control modes.