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The medical computed tomography (CT) technique cannot be directly applied to power equipment, such as gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), because of its huge size and immovability. In this research, a three-dimensional X-ray imaging system is developed for GIS equipment. The three-dimensional X-ray imaging system includes machinery, motion control, data acquisition, image reconstruction and three-dimensional image display subsystems. The principle of three-dimensional X-ray imaging is based on the Radon transform and the inverse transform. The rotary scanning device successfully collects 360 sets of projection data. The tomographic image is reconstructed using the acquired projection data. Shown in this paper is what is believed to be the world's first three-dimensional structure photograph of GIS that can be sliced and displayed using X-ray imaging. The application of the three-dimensional X-ray imaging system to the 110 kV GIS equipment at the Shayao Station of the Dongguan Power Supply Bureau shows that the overall accuracy of the system can reach up to 200 microns and the highest resolution of the output tomogram can reach up to 3160 × 3160 pixels.

With the development of distributed energy resources (DERs), the power flow (PF) in the distribution network (DN) is changed from unidirectional to bidirectional, resulting in complex control and coordinate measures. Network reconfiguration (NR) is a feasible solution for the power grid side to deal with the complex PF. This paper proposed an edge-cloud-coordinated reconfiguration framework with edge servers (ESs) in the prosumer side and cloud servers (CSs) in the utility grid side, where the edge computing (EC) technology is implemented in ES to support load forecasting (LF), while cloud computing (CC) is used in CS to reconstruct the DN. LF is implemented by the long–short-term memory network to acquire the load information in advance, and the social preference of prosumers has been considered. The NR is formulated as a complex combinatorial optimization problem with the goal of minimizing power losses, while satisfying the power flow and voltage requirement. The NR problems are solved by the proposed advanced harmony search algorithm, which can find the optimal global solution, while satisfying the complex constraints of the NR problem. Numerical results are conducted based on an IEEE 33-bus network, which shows the high accuracy of LF and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework in terms of reducing more than 40% power losses and satisfying the voltage requirement.

For the fast prediction of the hydrodynamic characteristics of a floating horizontal-axis tidal current turbine (HATT) with coupled rotation and surging motion, this study applies the CFD method to simulate the coupled rotation and surging motion, and obtains the axial force and axial torque coefficients at different current velocities. According to the CFD simulation data, the constant force, damping, and added mass coefficients can be obtained by least-squares fitting. The approximate calculation formulas of the axial force and axial torque coefficients of a turbine with coupled rotation and surging motion are summarized by analyzing the constant force, damping, and added mass coefficients under different surge frequencies and amplitudes, turbine rotation speeds, and current velocities. The results demonstrate the following: 1) the frequency and amplitude of the surge have little impact on the damping coefficient, which is positively proportional to the tip speed ratio; 2) when predicting the hydrodynamic load of a turbine with coupled rotation and surging motion, the added mass coefficient can be neglected, and only the influence of the constant terms of the constant force and the damping coefficients are needed. The approximate calculation formula obtained in this study can effectively predict the hydrodynamic load of the HATT.

Objective: To analysis and summarize the imaging characteristics of the complications of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Central Nervous System (CNS). Methods: 15 patients' CNS images were analyzed retrospectively, which included CT and MRI. And some correlative papers were reviewed. Results: There were 5 cases performed by CT. 2 patients' basal ganglion, 1 patient's centrum ovale, and 3 cases of brainstem were found slightly hypodense shadows with hazy border; 1 lesion was seen at right frontal and temporal lobe, which showed large sheet slightly hypodense shadow with hazy border and mass effect; There were 11 cases performed using MRI. 8 patients' brainstem, 3 patients’ basal ganglion, 1 patient's centrum ovale, 1 patient's corona radiate, and 2 patient’ cervical spinal cord were seen abnormal signals, which showed low or slightly low signals on T1WI, high or slightly high signals on T2WI, high signals on FLARI and DWI; and 1 patient's frontal and temporal lobe showed mass effect. Conclusions: The inflammation of the CNS in children with HFMD can be well displayed by MRI, especially enhanced MRI scanning. Besides, CT can also be employed when necessary. Keywords: Enterovirus 71, Hand-foot-mouth disease, Inflammation of the central nervous system, Children

Highlights • Combined causal forest algorithm and complex network method. • Considered heterogeneous treatment effects of COVID-19 on industries. • Advised on industrial support policies during COVID-19 pandemic. • Compared types of industrial risk contagion before and after the pandemic., We use the cutting-edge causal forest algorithm to analyze the heterogeneous treatment effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on China's industry indexes. The variable importance index is used with the causal forest and complex network methods to analyze the characteristics of industrial relations and the types of industry risk contagion before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The results show that the heterogeneity of industries was significantly weakened during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, the COVID-19 outbreak changed the original structure of the industry-related network, which shifted to a star network structure with leisure services at the core. It also changed the type of risk contagion between industries, from the original middleman risk type to the input risk type.

Aiming at the problems of large storage space, blurred the reconstructed image and poor reconstructed effect under low sampling rate while reconstructing an image with the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm. A variable sampling compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm based on texture information is proposed. The algorithm divides the image into blocks first, distributes the sampling frequency adaptively according to the texture information and sparsity of the image blocks, and smoothes the reconstructed image using median filtering algorithm to reduce the effect of the reconstructed image blocks. The simulation results show that the subjective and objective reconstruction effects of the algorithm in this paper are better than other reconstructed algorithms under the same conditions, and the PSNR value is $2 \sim 4$ dB higher than other reconstructed algorithms at a low sampling rate, and the higher reconstruction quality is achieved at the low sampling rate.

Background: Retrospective studies have shown that anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are a risk factor for the development of clinical arthritis. Objectives: We aimed to investigate in a prospective setting if ACPA and other biomarkers could predict development of ultrasound detected arthritis. Methods: Subjects with positive ACPA-test referred from primary care to the Rheumatology clinic that lacked arthritis in hands, feet and any other symptomatic joints by clinical and ultrasound examination (according to EULAR-OMERACT definition), were recruited into the Risk-RA research program during 2015-2016 and were followed up to the end of 2017. At inclusion a detailed clinical examination was performed and blood samples were analyzed for 13 specific ACPA reactivities (using a custom made peptide microarray) as well as 92 inflammation-associated protein biomarkers (using a multiplex immunoassay with Olink proximity extension technology). Presence of HLA-SE was analyzed using DR low-resolution kit. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to investigate the association between clinical and laboratory parameters and development of ultrasound detected arthritis adjusting for the follow-up time. Results: 42% (27 out of 65) of the Risk RA subjects developed ultrasound detectable arthritis during a median follow up of 8 months. The remaining 58% (38 out of 65) were followed for a median of 25 months (range 12-44) without any signs of ultrasound detectable arthritis. Subjects developing arthritis had higher prevalence of HLA-SE (89% vs 56%) and increased occurrence of ultrasound detected tenosynovitis (44% vs 5%), as compared to those not developing arthritis. ACPA reactivities to citrullinated vimentin peptides (cit vim 2-17: 22% vs 6%; and cit vim 60-75: 70% vs 43%) and citrullinated histone peptides (cit H4 31-50: 89% vs 49%; and cit H3 21-44: 48% vs 23%) were a more common occurrence in subjects developing ultrasound detectable arthritis. Backward selection in a Cox regression model showed that ultrasound detectable arthritis could be predicted in a model including HLA-SE, tenosynovitis and ACPA reactivity to cit H4 31-50. Hazard ratio (HR) for arthritis development were 3.4 (95% CI 1.0-12, p 0.06) for HLA-SE carriers, 2.9 (95% CI 1.3-6.7, p 0.01) for tenosynovitis and 4.1 (95% CI 1.2-14, p 0.02) for Anti-citrullinated H4 31-50 positivity. Only modest differences were observed for few of the tested inflammatory markers in those developing as compared to those not developing ultrasound detectable arthritis: Interleukin- 6 (3.9 vs 3.3 AU/ML), Programmed death-ligand 1 (4.9 vs 5.2 AU/ML) and Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 (9.2 vs 9.5 AU/ML). Conclusion: Certain ACPA fine specificities, HLA-SE and tenosynovitis predict the development of ultrasound detectable arthritis in seropositive individuals with musculoskeletal symptom who are at risk for RA. Disclosure of Interests: Aase Hensvold: None declared, Yogan Kisten: None declared, Alexandra Circiumaru: None declared, Monika Hansson: None declared, Meng Sun Grant/research support from: Yes, but not for presented project., Guozhong Fei: None declared, Nancy Vivar: None declared, Erik Af Klint: None declared, Hamed Rezaei: None declared, Lars Klareskog Grant/research support from: Yes, but not for the presented study., Aleksandra Antovic: None declared, Anca Catrina Grant/research support from: Yes, but not for the presented study.

This study aimed to investigate the periodontal health of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to oral microbiota, systemic and oral inflammatory mediators, and RA disease activity. Forty patients underwent full-mouth dental/periodontal and rheumatological examination, including collection of blood, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque. Composition of plaque and saliva microbiota were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing and levels of inflammatory mediators by multiplex-immunoassay. The majority of the patients (75%) had moderate or severe periodontitis and the rest had no/mild periodontitis. Anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positivity was significantly more frequent in the moderate/severe periodontitis (86%) compared to the no/mild group (50%). No significance between groups was observed for RA disease duration or activity, or type of medication. Levels of sCD30/TNFRSF8, IFN-&alpha, 2, IL-19, IL-26, MMP-1, gp130/sIL-6R&szlig, and sTNF-R1 were significantly higher in serum or GCF, and April/TNFSF13 was significantly higher in serum and saliva samples in moderate/severe periodontitis. The microbial composition in plaque also differed significantly between the two groups. In conclusion, the majority of RA patients had moderate/severe periodontitis and that this severe form of the disease was significantly associated with ACPA positivity, an altered subgingival microbial profile, and increased levels of systemic and oral inflammatory mediators.

Career situation of first and presenting author Post-doctoral fellow Introduction Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are predictive markers with pathological effects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous prospective studies have used a clinical definition of arthritis. Thus, we aimed to investigate risk factors of developing arthritis in ACPA-positive subjects with musculoskeletal complaints who did not have any of clinical and ultrasound signs of arthritis. Methods Subjects with positive ACPA-test referred from primary care to rheumatology clinic, lacking arthritis in hands and feet by clinical and ultrasound examination (according to EULAR-OMERACT synovitis definition), were recruited into the Risk-RA research program. Patient included between years 2015–2016 with clinical data up to 2017 were analysed. Blood samples from inclusion were analysed for 13 specific ACPA reactivities using a custom made ImmunoCAP ISAC microarray. Presences of HLA-SE risk gene were analysed using DR low-resolution kit. Results 41% (27 out of 66) of the Risk RA subjects developed arthritis during a median follow up of 8 months. The rest was followed 25 months in median without any signs of arthritis. Subjects developing arthritis tended to have a higher concentration of anti-CCP, more tender joints and rheumatoid factor positivity at inclusion compared to those not developing arthritis. The number of ACPA-reactivities (mean 6 vs 3), the presence of HLA-SE (89% vs 56%) and the occurrence of ultrasound detected tenosynovitis (44% vs 5%) at inclusion were significantly increased in subjects developing arthritis compared to those not developing arthritis. Univariate cox proportional hazards regression showed a hazard ratio (HR) for arthritis development of 1.1 for every increase in number of ACPA reactivities (95% CI 0.99 to 1.2, p 0.07); HR: 4.4 (95% CI 2.0 to 9.5, p 0.0002) for tenosynovitis and for HR: 4.9 (95% CI 1.5 to 16, p 0.01) for HLA-SE carriers. All subjects with tenosynovitis (n=14) prior to arthritis development were carriers of HLA-SE, except for one subject but similar to the majority this HLA-SE no-carrier also progressed to arthritis. Conclusions Subjects with ACPA-positive musculoskeletal complaints lacking any clinical and ultrasound signs of arthritis are at high risk of developing arthritis, especially carriers of HLA-SE with tenosynovitis. The role of inflammatory spreading from tendons (synovial sheath) to synovial tissue within joints need to be further investigated. Disclosure of Interest None declared

The fluid viscosity is known to have a significant effect on the hydrodynamic characteristics which are linked to the power conversion ability of the wave energy converter (WEC). To overcome the disadvantages of case-by-case study through the experiments and numerical computations employed by the former researches, the viscous effect is studied comprehensively for multiple geometries in the present paper. The viscous effect is expressed as the viscous added mass and damping solved by the free-decay method. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is employed for the calculation of the motion and flow field around the floater. The diameter to draft ratio and bottom shape are considered for the geometrical evaluation on the viscous effect. The results show that a slenderer floater presents a stronger viscous effect. Through the comparisons of the floaters with four different bottom shapes, the conical bottom is recommended in terms of low viscous effect and simple geometry for manufacture. A viscous correction formula for a series of cylindrical floaters is put forward, for the first time, to help the engineering design of outer-floaters of point-absorber WECs.

Background The pathophysiological processes leading from musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints to clinically manifest rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are not fully understood. The urgency for imaging and serological markers that predict arthritis development in individuals at risk of RA is of clinical importance. Objectives To identify ultrasound (US) markers that can predict arthritis development. Methods Patients presenting with MSK complaints and a positive Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody (ACPA) test were referred from primary care units to the Rheumatology Unit. Those lacking clinical signs of arthritis, confirmed by absence of synovial hypertrophy with Doppler activity on US examination, were recruited into the Risk-RA prospective program. A total of 66 patients with complete US records were included between years 2015 up to December 2016. Hands and feet, including symptomatic joints were US-evaluated for synovitis, hyperemia and bone erosions. The presence of wrist (compartments 1–6) and finger (flexor and extensor) tenosynovitis, according to OMERACT guidelines were also recorded in all patients. Serum samples from inclusion were analysed on a multiplex immunoassay Results 66 Risk-RA patients (85% female, median age 50 years, range 22–82) were included and followed up to arthritis onset (median 8 months, range 1–27), or to the end of year 2017 (median 25 months, range 11–43). 27 patients (41%, 86% female, median age 52 years, range 22–74) developed arthritis. Of these 7 had tenosynovitis detected by US at inclusion and 7 more developed tenosynovitis at follow-up visits (in total n=14). At the time of diagnosis, 20 out of 27 patients presented with both tenosynovitis and synovitis. A large majority of patients with tenosynovitis (12 out of 14, 86%) and a minority without tenosynovitis (15 out of 52, 29%) developed arthritis, resulting in an increased relative risk of 3.0 (95% CI 1.8–4.8) to develop arthritis for patients presenting with tenosynovitis at baseline or follow-up visits (p=0.001). Concentrations of the anti-CCP antibodies, anti-CEP antibodies and anti-citrullinated vimentin 60–75 antibodies tended to be higher in patients with tenosynovitis developing arthritis (n=12, median of 70 AU/ml, range 2–175 for anti-CCP, median of 68 AU/ml, range 0–673 for anti-CEP, median of 53, range 0–644 for anti-vim) than those without tenosynovitis developing arthritis (n=15, median of 35 AU/ml, range 1–100 for anti CCP, median of 12, range of 0–1179 for anti-CEP, median of 29, range 0–332 for anti-vimentin). Same trend was observed when comparing patients with tenosynovitis developing arthritis to those without-tenosynovitis not-developing arthritis. The 2 patients with tenosynovitis not developing arthritis, had lower levels of the antibodies as compared to those with tenosynovitis developing arthritis. No significant differences in other patient baseline characteristics were seen between those with, and those without tenosynovitis (86 vs 85% female, median (range) 54 years 29–71 vs 50 years, 22–82 mean visual analogue scale pain 34 vs 31, mean c-reactive protein 2.7 vs 3.2; tender joint count 1.2 vs 0.7). Conclusions Ultrasound detected tenosynovitis in the context of ACPA positivity is a good clinical predictor of rapid arthritis onset in individuals at risk of developing RA. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Introduction Prospective studies of individuals at increased risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) will further improve the understanding of disease development. Ultrasound emerges clinically useful in detecting subtle inflammatory changes in rheumatic diseases. Objectives To investigate ultrasound (US) detected changes as markers for future arthritis development. Methods Patients presenting with musculoskeletal complaints and a positive Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody (ACPA) test at primary care, were referred to Karolinska rheumatology clinic for further rheumatic joint disease assessments. Those lacking arthritis by clinical and US examination (defined as synovial hypertrophy with Doppler activity) were recruited into the Risk-RA clinical research program, and followed-up by our multidisciplinary rheumatology team. A total of 64 patients with complete US records were included between years 2015→2016. Our patient demographics were 84% (n 54/64) females, mean age 49 (range 22–82) years, median relative ACPA (times cut-off) 26 (range 1–174) titer, median visual analogue scale (VAS) pain 30, median VAS patient global 28 and median C-reactive protein was 1 (0–20) at inclusion. Hand (Wrists, MCP’s, PIP’s, DIP’s) and feet joints were US-evaluated for synovial hypertrophy, hyperemia and bone erosions. The presence of wrist (compartments 1–6) and finger (flexor and extensor) tenosynovitis were assessed. Data from inclusion→follow-up visits until September 2017 were analysed. SPSS software version 25 was used (Univariate, Chi-square, T-test and Mann Whitney U-test) for comparisons. Results At inclusion, none of the 64 patients had any signs of active joint inflammation. However, ultrasound changes for tenosynovitis were seen in 7 out of 64 patients, 3 of who also presented with mild hypertrophy without Doppler activity and one patient with mild Doppler hyperemia (without hypertrophy), and none with bone erosions at inclusion. Among all tendons evaluated bilaterally, tenosynovitis of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU) wrist tendons (4 of 7 patients) and the 2nd finger flexor-tendons (3 of 7 patients) were most commonly affected. Of the 57 patients without US-tendon changes, one had mild Doppler hyperemia (without hypertrophy). Patients with US-tendon changes were 86% (n 6/7) females, had mean age 56 years, median VAS pain 42, median VAS global health 20, mean 2.7 mg/L CRP, median relative ACPA titer 70 in comparison to patients without US-tendon changes, 75% females, mean age of 48 years, median VAS pain 24, median VAS global health 28, mean 2.7 mg/L CRP and median ACPA titer of 23. The numerical difference in pain and relative ACPA titer were non-significant (p>0.05). After follow up for mean 18 months (range 1–18), 7 out of 7 (100%) with US-tendon changes at inclusion and 18 out of 57 (32%) without US-tendon changes developed arthritis. Patients with US-tendon changes compared to those without tenosynovitis at inclusion, developed arthritis within 12 and 11 mean months follow-up, respectively. Conclusions Our study shows that tenosynovitis is a specific marker for arthritis development in ACPA-positive patients with musculoskeletal symptoms. The role of inflammatory spreading from tendons (synovial sheath) to synovial tissue within joints need to be further investigated. Disclosure of interest None declared

Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a life-threatening acute cerebrovascular event. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) incidence rate is higher or lower in elderly population than in middle aged population.Aneurysmal SAH cases were collected retrospectively from the archives of 21 hospitals in Mainland China. All the cases were collected from September 2016 and backward consecutively for a period of time up to 8 years. SAH was initially diagnosed by brain computed tomography (CT). CT angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was followed and SAH was confirmed to be due to cerebral aneurysm rupture. For cases when multiple bleeding occurred, the age of the first SAH was used in this study. The total incidence from all hospitals at each age group were summed together for females and males respectively; then adjusted by the total population number at each age group for females and males which was from the 2010 population census of the People's Republic of China.In total there were 8,144 cases of intracranial aneurysmal SAH, with 4,861 females and 3,283 males. For females the relative aneurysmal SAH incidence rate started to decrease after around 65 years old, while for males the relative aneurysmal SAH incidence rate started to decrease after around 53 years old.Our data tentatively suggest elderly patients may be at a reduced risk of rupture compared with patients who are younger while have similar other risk factors.

Background There is today a paucity of prospective studies to describe the natural longitudinal history of anti-ccp positive individuals developing RA or not developing RA. Further no study to investigate the detailed ACPA reactivities in such a setting is currently available. Methods Individuals at risk of developing RA were included in a cohort at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm. Examinations of peripheral joints was repeated at one year follow-up visit or at any time the patients experienced worsening of their symptoms. Peripheral blood samples were available at inclusion (n=70). Serum was run on a microarray based on the ImmuoCAP ISAC system testing for ACPA reactivities toward 13 different citrullinated peptides (fillagrin, fibrinogen, alpha-enolase, vimentin, histone) (1). Results Individuals referred from primary care with musculoskeletal complaints and positive anti-ccp test were systematically investigated as part of routine care at our rheumatology clinic. Individuals lacking self-reported history of suspect arthritis, clinical arthritis according to rheumatologist and signs of synovitis on ultrasound examination were included in a clinical Risk-RA program with life-style coaching and personalized information on the risk of developing RA. Seventy individuals, with a mean age of 48 years (SD 15) and 86% females, were included in the program. Twenty (29%) individuals developed arthritis during a medium follow up time of 7 months (range 1–25 months). Number of ACPA reactivities at baseline was significant higher among those developing (in mean 6 reactivities) as compared to those not developing arthritis (in mean 4 reactivities). A increased proportion of individuals were showing reactivity towards citrullinated (cit) vimentin (vim) 60–75, fibrinogen (fib) 573 and enolase (eno) (CEP-1) among those developing arthritis (80% for anti-cit-vim 45% for anti-cit-fib and 60% for anti-cit eno) as compared to those not developing arthritis (41% for anti-cit-vim, 30% for anti-cit-fib and 52% for anti-cit-eno). Increased level of anti-cit-vim and anti-cit-eno antibodies was also observed at inclusion for those individuals developing arthritis as compared to those not developing arthritis. Conclusions We describe here the pattern of ACPA reactivities in anti-CCP positive individuals with non-specific musculoskeletal symptoms at risk of developing RA and without clinical and ultrasonograph signs of synovitis and report that 30% of these patients will develop arthritis during a short follow-up. Number, frequency and titers of specific ACPA reactivities appear to be enriched already at inclusion among those patients that developed arthritis during follow-up. References Hansson et al Arthritis Res Ther 2012. Disclosure of Interest None declared

In this paper, a compact and low wavelength-dependence loss (WDL) 1×64 optical power splitter is fabricated using silica-based PLC technology on quartz substrate. The cascaded Y-branch structures are optimized in detail, and a compact 1×64 optical power splitter layout is obtained. The measured results show that the insertion loss (IL), the uniformity and WDL of the best results of all splitters are less than 19.2 dB, 1.0 dB and 0.5 dB, respectively, in the wavelength range from 1.26 μm to 1.65 μm, and the total product ratio of Standard grade in a whole 6 in. wafer is more than 80%. The results imply that our technology completely satisfies the need of mass manufacture.

We design and fabricate compact, low loss, and high port-count optical power splitters of 1 × 128 and2 × 128 using silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology on 6 inch quartz substrate. PLC tech­nology is mainly based on plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, photolithography, and etching. The measured results show that the insertion loss, uniformity, and wavelength-dependent loss of 1 × 128 and 2 × 128 optical power splitters are less than 23, 1.43, and 0.92 dB and 23.3, 1.8, and 1.3 dB, respectively, in the wavelength range from 1.26 to 1.65 mm. The polarization-dependent losses are less than 0.16 and 0.2 dB, respectively, in the wavelengths of 1.31, 1.49, and 1.55 mm.

In this paper, a low-loss and wavelength-insensitive asymmetric 1×5 arbitrary optical power splitter is designed and optimized, which is composed of a three-branch and two Y-branch elements. A low-loss and wavelength-independent arbitrary 1×5 optical power splitter can be obtained. Asymmetric 1×5 optical power splitters of different output ratios are fabricated using silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology on a 6-inch quartz substrate. The measured results show that the ILoutput1, ILoutput2∼5, UNIFoutput2∼5, PDL, and WDL of the output ratio 33%:67%, 50%:50%, and 95%:5% are less than (5.302 dB, 8.483 dB, 0.422 dB, 0.191 dB, 0.345 dB), (3.46 dB, 9.71 dB, 0.28 dB, 0.119 dB, 0.231 dB), and (1.52 dB, 14.15 dB, 0.44 dB, 0.366 dB, 0.561 dB), respectively, in the wavelength of 1.27 μm, 1.31 μm, 1.49 μm, 1.55 μm, and 1.625 μm.

The cover is one of the key components of carding machine and its structural parameters play an important role for the carding quality and yield. In this paper, the force of the designed cover is analyzed when the cover into the carding zone, to obtain the stress and strain distribution of the cover in the whole carding process, based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench. The research not only examines the stiffness and strength properties of the cover, but also provides a theoretical guidance for the future structure design and parameter optimization.

In this paper, a cured door structure of mine rescue capsule is proposed, and compared with ordinary flat panel doors. Firstly two kind of three-dimensional solid models of mine removable protective airtight doors are established by the Pro/e software. And then take the advantage of the strength analysis of ANSYS finite element software to draw the stress and strain diagrams. The analysis results show that the strength and stiffness of the curved door is better than ordinary flat panel doors, which provide important theoretical basis and reference value on the design, research and dynamic analysis of the life-saving door.

A new wide viewing angle liquid crystal device was developed using PET technology.The liquid crystal molecule was twisted by double electric field.The rising time of the design with negative liquid crystal is slightly greater than the positive's,and the falling time is accordance with the positive liquid crystal.Compared with positive liquid crystal,the transmittance is increased about 10%.The relationship of transmittance with response time and voltage,was analyzed in the effect of three electrodes.The wide viewing angle technology monopoly of FFS and IPS was effectively solved.

In order to estimate and optimize the static and dynamic characteristics of machine tool, the full parameterized FEM model of it is established and studied in the paper. After the FEM analysis of bed, this paper takes a machine bed as example, presents a method of combination of BP Neural-Network(NN) and Genetic-Algorithm(GA) to optimize dynamic characteristics and realizes the structural optimization of the bed. It proved that this method takes less time, and more precision compared to traditional method.

In order to reduce the concentration of explosive gas, experimental research was carried out on the high pressure secondary rotating water jet ventilation characteristic, and the principle of high pressure secondary rotating water jet ventilation was analyzed. Experiments of the relationship between pressure and the suction air flow characteristics were carried out with different structure of jet pipe, different structure of nozzles, different throat in high pressure single rotating water jet ventilation, and the secondary rotating ventilation characteristic were tested with different guide vane angle. The results show that the air-sucking quantity approximatively increased with water pressure in accordance with parabola in the high press secondary rotating water jet ventilator, the air-sucking quantity of different structure of jet pipe was not same, the air-sucking quantity was significantly greater than that of swirl nozzle, the secondary rotary ventilation acts on the larger range.

We present a design of balanced configuration frequency tripler based on planar schottky varactor diodes and mounted on a 0.03mm thickness quartz_glass substrate. The Zero-Biased balanced configuration is adopted to simplify the circuit structure and easy assembly, The simulated results shows that the best conversion loss is 11.527dB at 338.4GHz when the input power is 15dBm, the conversion loss are better than 12dB from 330GHz to 349GHz.

A rapid casting method for complex parts is presented. In this method, casting moulds with complex cavity are manufactured by self-created rapid prototyping approach which called Selected Laser Partitioning for Prototyping. After surface coating treatment for moulds, complex parts are obtained by centrifugal casting. As application cases, metal impeller was casted by this method. A self-developed five-axis coordinate measurement machine was used to process the surface measuring of impeller. The Dimension accuracy grade of impeller is CT-3 and the surface roughness is Ra 6.3µm through making comparisons directly between CAD model and point cloud data of impeller surface. The result shows that this rapid casting method which has the characters of simple technology and low production cost reaches the level of precision casting.

Boundary separation Approaching Rapid Casting is present. In this method, the 3-D CAD model of casting mould is sliced with certain thickness, and the 2-D profile of every slice is converted into the NC code automatically by computer. For case study, taking coated sand as material, casting moulds of propeller was made rapidly by self-developed laser rapid prototyping system. The casting test showed that this method can produce good quality parts. Boundary separation Approaching Rapid Casting with the characteristics of high production efficiency can cast products with complex cured surfaces in multi-variety and small batch, and it is a great significance in reducing the cost and shortening the cycle of new products development.

A series of phosphors with the composition of Y2.95-xCaxAl5-xSixO12: Ce3+0.05 (x=0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75) were synthesized with conventional solid state reactions. The results of XRD patterns show that in a certain extent, the co-substitution of Ca2+ and Si4+ does not change the garnet structure of samples, while results in the shrink of crystal lattice(The cell parameter of phosphors decreases with the increment of co-substitution content monotonically. The former is in linear with the latter). The measurement of the excitation and emission spectra shows that the co-substitution of Ca2+ and Si4+ make the emission peak move to short wavelength. The amount of blue shift is also in linear with the co-substitution content.

An integrated digital routine is applied in the near net shape manufacturing of marine propeller. Firstly, the 3D CAD file of propeller is created by parametric modeling. Secondly, the propeller casting process is simulated using CAE software, through which an optimized casting scheme is obtained. Thirdly, fabricates the mold using laser rapid prototyping and cast the metal propeller. Finally, evaluate the casting precision performance. CAD, CAE and CAM are integrated in this process. The dimensional accuracy of the final piece is controlled within 1mm and its surface roughness achieves Ra 6.3μm. The result shows that the pattern-less casting of propeller can be achieved by this method, reducing cost and performing high accuracy.

In this paper, we explore the use of iterative curvelet thresholding for seismic random noise attenuation. A new method for combining the curvelet transform with iterative thresholding to suppress random noise is demonstrated and the issue is described as a linear inverse optimal problem using the L1 norm. Random noise suppression in seismic data is transformed into an L1 norm optimization problem based on the curvelet sparsity transform. Compared to the conventional methods such as median filter algorithm, FX deconvolution, and wavelet thresholding, the results of synthetic and field data processing show that the iterative curvelet thresholding proposed in this paper can sufficiently improve signal to noise radio (SNR) and give higher signal fidelity at the same time. Furthermore, to make better use of the curvelet transform such as multiple scales and multiple directions, we control the curvelet direction of the result after iterative curvelet thresholding to further improve the SNR.

A novel orthogonal 5-DOF parallel manipulator was proposed, and the statics equations of the 5-DOF parallel manipulator were derived in closed forms based on its layout feature, then the statics transmission indices wer defined, and discussed in detail. It can provide theoretical base for the applications of the 5-DOF parallel machine tool. The novel 5-DOF parallel manipulator can be used as the precision platform in which the requirements for high stiffness, high accuracy and good technological efficiency.

Ghost imaging (GI) is an important technique in the fields of quantum imaging and classical optical imaging, and it can solve the problems which are difficult to solve by the traditional imaging techniques in the optically harsh environments. In this paper, we present the iterative denoising of GI based on an adaptive threshold method. This method is abbreviated as IDGI-AT, which takes the advantages of adaptive threshold, differential, binarization and iterative operation method, and can enhance image quality in GI. In addition, this method can reduce the number of measurements. As is well known, the enormous number of measurements and poor reconstruction quality are obstacles to the engineering application of GI. The correlation noise leads to low signal-to-noise ratio and low imaging efficiency in GI as well. Therefore, we establish a denoising model, which can reduce correlation noise and improve reconstruction quality. We first analyze the iterative denoising of ghost imaging (IDGI) theory, and use the adaptive threshold technique to calculate the ideal threshold associated with the correlation noise. It should be noted that the threshold can be obtained by this method under the condition without requiring prior knowledge of the object. Afterwards, we can construct the correlation noise in this denoising model. In the IDGI, the differential ghost imaging (DGI) image is taken as the initial iteration value. We use the adaptive threshold method, which is different from IDGI, to binarize the initial value of each iteration to make it closer to the original object's transmission coefficient. After three iterations, we can obtain a higher-quality reconstruction image. In order to demonstrate that the IDGI-AT is available, a GI experimental system with a pseudo-thermal light source is set up. The considerable simulation and experimental results show the advantage of our scheme in terms of removing reconstruction image background noise. Especially, the visual effects and peak signal-to-noise ratio values are improved in comparison with those from the traditional GI, DGI and IDGI. Besides, we demonstrate the role of binarization in our scheme. For a binary object, the iterative value binarization can achieve better image quality than that in the case without binarizing the iterative initial value. Therefore, this novel method is likely to provide an alternative mean for GI and further pave the way for the application fields of GI, such as lidar, biomedical engineering, etc.

This paper reports that the GaN thin films with Ga-polarity and high quality were grown by radio-frequency molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire (0001) substrate with a double AlN buffer layer. The buffer layer consists of a high-temperature (HT) AlN layer and a low-temperature (LT) AlN layer grown at 800°C and 600°C, respectively. It is demonstrated that the HT-AlN layer can result in the growth of GaN epilayer in Ga-polarity and the LT-AlN layer is helpful for the improvement of the epilayer quality. It is observed that the carrier mobility of the GaN epilayer increases from 458 to 858cm2/Vs at room temperature when the thickness of LT-AlN layer varies from 0 to 20 nm. The full width at half maximum of x-ray rocking curves also demonstrates a substantial improvement in the quality of GaN epilayers by the utilization of LT-AlN layer.

Background Previous studies found a range of prognostic factors but no consensus about the proper staging system for multiple myeloma has been achieved. This study explored the prognostic factors to find a staging system for multiple myeloma most suitable for Chinese patients. Methods Between February 1990 to August 2004, 206 patients (138 men and 68 women, mean aged (59 +/- 11) years) who were initially diagnosed as multiple myeloma in Changzheng Hospital (Shanghai, China) and had followup records were enrolled in this study. Potential prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Four staging systems were applied to compare their suitability for the patients. Results The median survival time of the patients was 33 months. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 80.18%, 48.08% and 33.7% respectively. Factors identified as adversely affecting survival were older age, severe bone lesions, low haemoglobin, low platelet, low serum calcium, low serum albumin, high proportion of plasma cells in marrow, high serum creatinine, high serum beta(2) microglobulin and high C-reactive protein. Among these, only C-reactive protein, beta(2) microglobulin, albumin and age were the independent prognostic factors. There were statistically significant survival differences among the three groups in Durie Salmon staging system and Bataille staging system, but not in British Medical Research Council staging system or International Staging System. Conclusions High beta(2) microglobulin, high C-reactive protein, low albumin and old age are independent prognostic factors of multiple myeloma. Bataille staging system appears to be optimal for Chinese multiple myeloma patients.

This paper reports on N-, mixed-, and Ga-polarity buffer layers are grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on sapphire (0001) substrates, with the GaN thicker films grown on the buffer layer with different polarity by hydride vapour epitaxy technique (HVPE). The surface morphology, structural and optical properties of these HVPE-GaN epilayers are characterized by wet chemical etching, scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence spectrum respectively. It finds that the N-polarity film is unstable against the higher growth temperature and wet chemical etching, while that of GaN polarity one is stable. The results indicate that the crystalline quality of HVPE-GaN epilayers depends on the polarity of buffer layers.

We investigate the effect of Al/N ratio of the high temperature (HT) AlN buffer layer on polarity selection and electrical quality of GaN films grown by radio frequency molecular beam epitaxy. The results show that low Al/N ratio results in N-polarity GaN films and intermediate Al/N ratio leads to mixed-polarity GaN films with poor electrical quality. GaN films tend to grow with Ga polarity on Al-rich AlN buffer layers. GaN films with different polarities are confirmed by in-situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction during the growth process. Wet chemical etching, together with atomic force microscopy, also proves the polarity assignments. The optimum value for room-temperature Hall mobility of the Ga-polarity GaN film is 703 cm2/V.s, which is superior to the N-polarity and mixed-polarity GaN films.

We report the reduced-strain gallium-nitride (GaN) epitaxial growth on (0001) oriented sapphire by using quasi-porous GaN template. A GaN film in thickness of about 1 μm was initially grown on a (0001) sapphire substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. Then it was dealt by putting into 45% NaOH solution at 100°C for 10 min. By this process a quasi-porous GaN film was formed. An epitaxial GaN layer was grown on the porous GaN layer at 1050°C in the hydride vapour phase epitaxy reactor. The epitaxial layer grown on the porous GaN is found to have no cracks on the surface. That is much improved from many cracks on the surface of the GaN epitaxial layer grown on the sapphire as the same as on GaN buffer directly.

Thalidomide (Thal) has been used for a few years as salvage treatment for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, the response rate in Chinese patients treated with Thal has not been determined and the prognostic factors for response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) not yet well identified. This study enrolled 110 Chinese patients with MM who received either Thal alone, Thal plus dexamethasone (Thal + Dex) or Thal plus conventional chemotherapy (Thal + CC). Their laboratory and clinical parameters were retrospectively analysed. The overall RR was 63.6% (complete response rate 6.4%, partial response rate 57.3%). Patients aged65 years, time from diagnosis to the start of Thal treatment6 months or combined therapy had a significantly higher RR (p0.05). In univariate analysis, age65years predicted a longer PFS (p = 0.008). Age65 years, serum creatinine176.8 micromol L-1 and serum beta 2 microglobulin (beta2M)3.5 mg L-1 were associated with longer OS (p = 0.028, 0.045 and 0.019, respectively). Multi-factor analysis suggested that serum beta2M was the only independent prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.025).

Objective. There is an important inflammatory component to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is therefore interesting that the risk of CVD is high in inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we investigated nontraditional risk factors for the development of CVD in patients with SLE. Methods. Twenty-six women (mean age 52 years) with SLE and a history of CVD were compared with 26 age-matched women with SLE and no clinical manifestations of CVD (SLE controls) and 26 age-matched healthy women (population controls). Serum levels of several novel nontraditional risk and protective factors were determined: heat-shock protein (HSP)–related factors (Hsp60, Hsp70, anti–human Hsp60, anti–human Hsp70, and anti–mycobacterial Hsp65), plateletactivating factor–acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity, secretory phospholipase A2 GIIA (sPLA2), and anti– endothelial cell antibody (AECA). The intima-media thickness and the presence of plaques in the common carotid arteries were determined by B-mode ultrasound as a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis. Results. Levels of PAF-AH, but not HSP-related factors, AECA, or sPLA2, were significantly increased in SLE cases. Only PAF-AH discriminated between SLE cases and SLE controls (P 0.005). PAF-AH was significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol in the SLE cases (r 0.50, P 0.0093 and r 0.54, P 0.0045), but not in either control group. Conclusion. The increased levels of PAF-AH in SLE cases and the association between PAF-AH and LDL cholesterol adds support to the notion that PAF-AH may promote atherothrombosis in SLE. The role of HSPs in CVD is complex, since anti-Hsp65 appears to be associated with the presence of CVD, whereas Hsp70 might protect against it. In this crosssectional study, levels of HSP-related factors, AECA, and sPLA 2 were not associated with CVD in SLE.

Objective To investigate how blood lipid levels are related to disease activity, clinical characteristics, and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and its soluble type 1 and 2 receptors, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Fasting blood samples were obtained from an unselected cohort of SLE patients at Karolinska Hospital (n = 208, mean ± SD age 45.7 ± 14.2 years). Disease activity was estimated using the SLE Disease Activity Measure (SLAM). Levels of circulating TNFα, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood lipid levels obtained after overnight fasting were analyzed by routine chemistry. Results Triglyceride (TG) levels were associated with the SLAM score (r = 0.48, P < 0.0001) and with the activities of TNFα (r = 0.29, P = 0.0001), sTNFR1 (r = 0.38, P < 0.0001), and sTNFR2 (r = 0.40, P < 0.0001). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were negatively associated with the SLAM score (r = −0.27, P = 0.0003) and with the activities of TNFα (r = −0.15, P = 0.04) and sTNFR2 (r = −0.19, P = 0.01). High levels of TGs, total cholesterol, TNFα, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 all showed close correlations with the presence of nephritis and arterial disease (P < 0.05). In multiple logistic regression models, the TNFα activity and TG levels were independent determinants (P = 0.003 for both) of active disease (SLAM score ≥7). Conclusion Dyslipoproteinemia with high TG/low HDL levels correlates with disease activity in SLE, and enhanced activity in the TNFα/sTNFR system seems to be an important underlying factor. Both dyslipoproteinemia and enhanced activity of the TNFα system are closely related to cardiovascular and renal manifestations in SLE, and thus both may serve as markers of more severe disease.

A mono-domain ferroelectric liquid crystal device (FLCD) is fabricated using a novel method. The cell used in this method is an asymmetric cell, typically the combination of a polar self-assembled monolayer (SAM) for one substrate and a rubbed polyimide for the other substrate. A defect-free alignment of ferroelectric liquid crystal is fabricated without applying a dc voltage to remove degeneracy in the layer structure. The contact angles of self-assembled monolayer and PI-2942 are measured and the polarity of SAM is higher than the PI alignment. It is found that the polarity of self-assembled monolayer is a key factor in the formation of mono-domain alignment of FLC.

There exists a current crowding effect in the anode of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction Schottky diodes, causing local overheating when working at high power density, and undermining their performance. The seriousness of this effect is illustrated by theoretical analysis. A method of reducing this effect is proposed by depositing a polysilicon layer on the Schottky barrier metal. The effectiveness of this method is provided through computer simulation. Power consumption of the polysilicon layer is also calculated and compared to that of the Schottky junction to ensure the applicability of this method.

A monolithic integrated variable attenuator multiplexer/demultiplexer is demonstrated. It is composed of a 16-channel 200 GHz silica-based arrayed waveguide grating and an array of Mach—Zehnder interferometer thermo-optic variable optical attenuators. The integrated device is fabricated on a quartz substrate, which eliminates the process of depositing the undercladding layer and reduces the power consumption compared with a device fabricated on a silicon substrate. The insertion loss and crosstalk of the integrated device are −5 dB and less than −22 dB, respectively. The power consumption is only 110 mW at the attenuation of 20 dB per channel.

Objective— The cause of the exceedingly high risk of atherothrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not clear but antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and potentially antithrombotic annexin V have been implicated. Methods and Results— Twenty-six women (52±8.2 years) with SLE and a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (SLE cases) were compared with 26 women with SLE but no CVD (SLE controls) and 26 healthy women (population controls). Common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was determined by B-mode ultrasound as a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis. Annexin V binding to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as determined by flow cytometry after 24-hour culture with plasma was decreased when plasma from SLE cases was used (SLE cases versus population controls: P =0.002; SLE cases versus SLE controls P =0.02). Antibodies against cardiolipin were among IgG antibodies causing decreased binding. There was a positive association between annexin V binding and IMT ( R =0.73; P Conclusions— Decreased annexin V binding to endothelium caused by antibodies may represent a novel mechanism of atherothrombosis. We hypothesize that even though annexin V may promote plaque growth at some disease stages, it may also stabilize plaque.