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Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential to proliferate, undergo multi‐directional differentiation, and exert immunoregulatory effects. There is already much enthusiasm for their therapeutic potentials for respiratory inflammatory diseases. Although the mechanism of MSCs‐based therapy has been well explored, only a few articles have summarized the key advances in this field. We hereby provide a review over the latest progresses made on the MSCs‐based therapies for four types of inflammatory respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, and the uncovery of their underlying mechanisms from the perspective of biological characteristics and functions. Furthermore, we have also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the MSCs‐based therapies and prospects for their optimization., The dominant functions of MSCs in IPF, ARDS, COPD and Asthma.

The research on gyroscopes has lasted for a long time, but there is not a thorough analysis of them. In this paper, a detailed theoretical analysis of fiber ring gyroscope and its gyroscope effect are presented, the performance characteristics of optical resonator gyroscope ranging from transmission function Tfrr, Finesse, Q -factor, the gyro sensitivity, signal noise ratio, random walk to dynamic range are all deduced in detail. In addition, a large number of experiments have been done to verify the deduced theoretical results. The sensitivity of the fiber optic gyroscope is analyzed by simulating the relationship between dQ and turn number of fiber ring, make the conclusion that with the increase of turn number of ring, the resonance depth increased while the dQ value decreased, obtain a high sensitivity of 0.21°/h, random walk of 0.0035°/√h, and Q factor of 8 × 10 6 . Moreover, in the digital frequency locked dual rotation gyro experiments, obvious step effect is observed. And the experimental line of frequency difference is very agreement with the theoretical line. The research provides a good theoretical and experimental basis for the study of gyroscopes.

In nanometer scale, the defects in a liquid crystal film with geometric grooves exhibit two forms, namely, surface-induced (−1/2 and +1/2) and −1/2 body defects. When the geometric condition is changed, surface-induced and body defects compete with each other in the liquid crystal film. The order reconstruction of the body and surface-induced defects occurs when the gap is smaller than the threshold value. The effects of the free and periodic boundaries as the boundary conditions for left and right walls on the defects structures are compared in our paper.

Liquid-crystal display technology is ubiquitous, but these materials can also be used to make electrically tunable components for optics and photonics. The authors demonstrate voltage control of the wavelength of flexoelectric domains in a transmissive diffraction grating, which enables dynamic light steering. They prove that the mechanism of pattern onset differs from that of switching between flexodomain states, and they explain the surprising finding that the response to increasing voltage is much slower than that to decreasing voltage.

In this paper, a new clustering method is designed to solve the problem that control object model of a small aerial vehicle (SAV) will be changing accompany the changing magnetic field. The method is based on the establishment of fuzzy clustering approach. In this method, the variation of object model is used to establish the membership function to reflect the changing speed of the targets, and use experimental data to determine the parameters of the function which can ensure the authenticity of the membership function; using the robustness of the control system as the criteria for determining the cut-off matrix in order to ensure the reliability of the classification results. According to the test, the method can be classify the objects, according to prior experiment data, simulation data and the criteria of classification.

For a certain type of small unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAV), using the vortex lattice method (VLM) estimated the aerodynamic derivatives, establishing linear small-perturbation equations based on level and non-sideslipping flight. Analyzed the static stability and mode characteristics based on the dimensionless derivative and matlab simulation. Early in the design, by mechanism modeling and performance analysis for the UAV through pneumatic calculations could get a lot of valuable reference data of the UAV. This has some practical significance for system performance analysis and flight control system design.

A nematic liquid crystal slab composed of N molecular layers is investigated using a simple cubic lattice model, based upon the molecular pair potential which is spatially anisotropic and dependent on elastic constants of liquid crystals. A perfect nematic order is assumed in the theoretical treatment, which means the orientation of the molecular long axis coincides with the director of liquid crystal and the total free energy equals to the total interaction energy. We present a modified Gruhn–Hess model, which is relative to the splay-bend elastic constant K 13 . Furthermore, we have studied the free nematic interfacial behavior (intrinsic anchoring) by this model in the assumption of the perfect nematic order. We find that the preferred orientation at the free interface and the intrinsic anchoring strength change with the value of modification, and that the director profile can be determined by the competition of the intrinsic anchoring with external forces present in the system. Also we simulate the intrinsic anchoring at different temperatures using Monte Carlo method and the simulation results show that the intrinsic anchoring favors planar alignment and the free interface is more disordered than the bulk.

We examined the flexodomains (FDs) in chiral bent-core nematics (BCNs), and demonstrated the morphology changed from parallel stripes in pure BCN to oblique ones in chiral BCNs. While the magnitude of obliqueness angle strongly depended on the concentration of chiral dopant, its sign was determined by the polarity of the driving voltage, thus FDs appeared alternately as symmetrical oblique stripes in the positive and negative half a.c. voltage cycles, respectively. Also the HTP value of chiral dopant in BCNs can be determined based on this phenomenon. The polarity-dependent behavior of FDs can be potentially exploited in photonic devices with a bistable function.

We investigated theoretically the dynamics of in-plane switching (IPS) cells with small pretilt angle and found that the liquid crystal director variation causes optical bounce after switching on an applied voltage. We analysed the behaviour of the director by computer simulation and found that the optical bounce occurs during the rising period with the normal twist and tilt angles of the directors in the IPS cell in the absence of the field-induced backflow effect. Pretilt angle is the source of this optical bounce.

To evaluate the synergistic effects of tetrandrine (TET) on the antifungal activity of topical ketoconazole (KCZ) in the treatment of dermatophytoses.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for KCZ and combined KCZ and TET were compared in vitro. A randomized, double-blind trial was conducted among 97 patients with dermatophytoses who were assigned to 3 groups and received: treatment with combination of 2% KZC and 2% TET cream (KCZ + TET group), or only 2% KZC cream (KCZ group), or 2% TET cream (TET group). Patients with tinea corporis and/or tinea cruris were treated for 2 weeks, separately. The patients with tinea pedis and/or tinea manuum were treated for 4 weeks.Compared with KZC alone, combined use of KZC and TET showed lower MICs against clinical isolates of dermatophytes (P0.05 for all). In the patients with tinea corporis and/or tinea cruris, the rates of overall cure (clinical cure plus mycologic clearance) were 81.25% vs. 33.33% for combined treatment and KZC monotherapy, respectively, after 4 weeks. All clinical indices were significantly different between the combination therapy and only KCZ therapy groups (P0.05). Among the patients with tinea pedis and/or tinea manuum after 4 weeks treatment, the overall cure rates in the KCZ + TET group and KCZ group were 75.00% vs. 40.00%, respectively. In the KCZ + TET group, all the clinical indices were significantly better than those in the KCZ group and TET group (P0.05). The rates of overall efficacy in the TET group were all zero. No local skin redness or itching was observed during TET treatment. No clinically significant changes were found in post-treatment routine blood, urine, or stool tests, ECG, or tests for liver and kidney function; no serious adverse events occurred.TET synergistically enhanced the clinical efficacy of topical KZC cream in the treatment of dermatophytoses.

PURPOSE Injected sodium alginate may be a useful perivascular drug delivery vehicle. This study was performed to determine the release rates of heparin from sodium alginate hydrogels cross- linked with varying amounts of calcium gluconate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six hydrogels, composed of 0.16 mEq sodium alginate and 4,000 units unfractionated heparin, were cross-linked with calcium gluconate to yield ion equivalence (IE) ratios (calcium:alginate) of 0.2, 0.4, 0.58, 0.8, 1.0, or 1.2. Two milliliters of normal saline was placed on top of each gel and allowed to remain in contact for up to 10 days. At set time intervals, the amount of heparin in the eluent was determined with use of high- performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Gels with 0.2 and 0.4 IE were partially liquid at 24 hours; the other gels solidified within 10 minutes. The 0.58 IE gel was slowest to solidify but immobilized the most heparin and released heparin slowest over 10 days. At 10 days, between 5.5% and 9.8% of the heparin immobilized was retained in the gel. CONCLUSION This hydrogel shows promise as a vehicle for in vivo perivascular heparin delivery. The 0.58:1 IE ratio hydrogel has slowest release rate and the greatest immobilization despite its longer cross-linking time.