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Objective The deficit of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). The decline of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) has been verified to relate with the severity of PD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of [18F]fluoropropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine ([18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ) to detect dopaminergic neuron dysfunction in a standard rat model of PD using PET imaging. Specifically, two different doses of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) were injected unilaterally into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) to create the models with two different severities. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intracranially injected with 8 μg 6-OHDA (partial lesion group), 16 μg 6-OHDA (full lesion group) and vehicle (sham group) into MFB, respectively. Thirty minutes static [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ microPET scanning was performed to determine the dopaminergic neuron integrity on the 28th day post-injection and the behavioral tests were carried out in the next two days. Then, the rats were decapitated, and the brains were collected for biogenic amines content analysis or dissected for autoradiography and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The correlations of PET results to the behavioral, biological, histological, autoradiography results were analyzed, respectively. Results The standardized uptake value ratio (ST to CB) of [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ in the ipsilateral striata decreased significantly in partial lesion group and full lesion group. Compared with the sham group, the ratio of the standardized uptake value in ipsilateral striatum to that in contralateral striatum decreased by 57.09 ± 2.30% (full lesion group) and 25.31 ± 5.70% (partial lesion group), respectively. The dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction was corroborated by in vitro autoradiography, IHC, and quantitative analysis of DA as well as its metabolites concentration tests. The motor function impairments of 6-OHDA-treated animals were manifested by a series of behavioral tests. The results of microPET imaging were linearly correlated with behavioral, biological, histological, and autoradiography results, respectively. Conclusion Our data suggest that [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ may be useful for detecting different degrees of dopaminergic neuronal lesions by PET imaging in PD models induced by 6-OHDA.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is one of the most common acquired immune-mediated bleeding disorders found in children. Prednisone is usually considered a first-line therapeutic agent for ITP in children. Yet, prolonged exposure to prednisone has been associated with certain side effects. This prospective randomized study comparatively assessed the efficacy and safety of short-course high-dose dexamethasone (HDD) and standard prednisone (PDN) as a first-line treatment for children with previously untreated primary ITP. Two hundred eleven children were randomized into the HDD (n = 110) and PDN (n = 101) groups. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups (p > 0.05). Early response rates were 92.7% and 93% (p = 0.923); initial response rates were 93.6% and 95% (p = 0.658) and durable response rates were 90% and 91% (p = 0.787) in the HDD and PDN groups, respectively. More remission patients in the HDD group compared with the PDN group (86.3% vs. 80.1%) at 12th month after treatment, yet no statistical difference was observed (p = 0.703). Bleeding events were 10.9% and 14.8% (p = 0.105), and bleeding score improvement rates were 78.2% and 76.2% (p = 0.284) in the HDD and PDN groups, respectively. Cushing’s disease, weight gain and infection rates were higher in the PDN group compared to the HDD group (80% vs. 10%, p = 0.001; 74.2% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.001; and 26% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.012) 1 month after treatment. HDD showed non-inferior efficacy and fewer glucocorticoid-related adverse effects compared with PDN. These findings indicated that HDD could be considered as a first-line treatment in children with previously untreated primary ITP, thus replacing standard PDN.

To study the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and injection doses of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 in healthy adults. Thirty healthy individuals comprising 15 females and 15 males were randomly divided into three groups and the injection doses of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 of group 1, 2, and 3 were 370 MBq, 740 MBq, and 1110 MBq, respectively. Assessments of subjective symptoms and tests were performed before and after injection. Blood and urine collections and whole-body planar imaging were analyzed at various time points. Bilateral brain striatal SPECT images obtained at 3.5 h PI were assessed visually and semiquantitatively. No serious adverse events or deaths were observed in our study. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed that 99mTc-TRODAT-1 was eliminated rapidly from the circulation, with just about 4% of the injected dose remaining in blood at 1 h post-injection. The mean cumulative urinary excretion over 24 h was just 2.96 ± 0.96%ID. The time-activity curve demonstrated that the radioactivity was mainly in liver and abdomen. The highest absorbed dose was in the dose-limiting organ, liver (20.88 ± 4.45 × 10−3 mSv/MBq). The average effective dose was 5.22 ± 1.05 × 10−3 mSv/MBq. The clarity of striatal images assessed visually in group 1 was worse than that in group 2 and 3. The semiquantitative analysis showed that there were no differences in striatum/cerebellum between the three groups (group 1: 1.77 ± 0.11, group 2: 1.62 ± 0.14, and group 3: 1.75 ± 0.20; P = 0.088). 99mTc-TRODAT-1 was safe to use in humans and showed the status of dopaminergic neurons specifically and clearly. The injection dose we suggested was 740 MBq.

The corresponding author of the article would like to remove "Jian Wang" in the author group.

Objective To analyze the effects of escalating treatment strategy in children with severe chronic immune thrombocytopenia (SCITP). Methods This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study. Data from children with SCITP who received escalating treatment strategy in our center were collected between June 2017 and August 2019. The escalating strategy included three steps: Step I (six courses of high-dose dexamethasone [HDD]), Step II (HDD combined with low-dose rituximab), and Step III (eltrombopag). Results A total of 30 cases (18 males and 12 females) were included, with duration of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) of 20.5 (12.0-96.0) months. After treatment, the remission rate was 36.7% (11/30) and the sustained response (SR) rate was 68.2% (15/22). The distribution (remission rates) from Step I to III was as follows: nine of 30 (33.3%, 3/9); four of 30 (50%, 2/4); 17/30 (29.4%, 5/17), respectively. In eltrombopag (Step III) cases, 47.5% (8/17) maintained a platelet count of ≥50 × 109 /L, 37.5% (3/8) had dose tapering, and 25% (2/8) have successfully discontinued the medication. The number of patients at 12, 24, and 36 months were 30, seven, and two, with a total response and remission rates of 80% (36.7%), 57.1% (28.6%), and 50% (50%), respectively. The total relapse rate was 26.7% (8/30), and three cases from Step II and five cases from Step III. Conclusion The escalating strategy for children SCITP showed an effective improvement rate with 36.7% remission and 68.2% SR, and 30% could benefit and retain SR from HDD treatment. Combined treatment with eltrombopag can reduce the relapse rate of low-dose rituximab.

In the integrated mode of power grid dispatching and control centralized monitoring, the dispatchers need to prioritize events, determine fault types and propose solutions timely and accurately, which puts forward the high requirements on the operational ability and the response level of the dispatchers. To relieve the working pressure of the dispatchers, a grid dispatching ontology knowledge base based on the ontology theory and the dispatching rules is built in this paper, which realizes information search and query with conciseness, preciseness, and rapidity. The instantiation of the power grid dispatching knowledge ontology can provide decision-making assistance, information query and verification, emergency handling and other functions.

With the rise of counterfeiting, and counterfeit electronic components are widely used in various field. Although the components used in the military equipment are through the layers of quality checks before installed, there are still a lot of counterfeit components do not be checked out. In this paper, an identification method for counterfeit components based on physical analysis test techniques, such as visual inspection, scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination, was proposed. And a case was applied and analyzed, which indicated that the proposed method can identify counterfeit devices effectively.

2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)nortropane ([18F]-FECNT) is a potential dopamine transporter PET imaging agent. However, its current radio-synthesis is tedious and time consuming. In this article, we reported a fully automatic method for the synthesis of [18F] FECNT through only one step, using a TRACERlab FXN module, with decay corrected radiochemical yield of 25 ± 5 % (n = 5). The total synthesis time was 50–55 min. The synthesized [18F]FECNT was evaluated in vivo in Parkinson’s disease model rats.

Based on the part of DTS in smart grid dispatch control system, we have a research on steady-state simulation model of multi-terminal VSC-HVDC (Voltage Source Conveter-High Voltage Direct Current) and hybrid solution algorithm of AC/DC system, and propose the alternating solution algorithm based on the Newton-Raphson method in this paper. Finally, a simulation example is given, and the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm in this paper are verified by the results of example.

KEYWORD: cloud computing, power system, on-line analysis, parallel computing, distributed com- munication ABSTRACT: In this paper, the online analysis framework based on cloud computing is presented, and the numerical calculation types of the power system is summarized. A collaborative computing model is presented on the basis of the analysis and comparison of parallel computing model and dis- tributed computing model. This model is a parallel numerical model which support distributed com- munication, intermediate data transmission and unified monitoring. It realized the loose integration of the data cloud and the model cloud, achieves the requirements of the integrated computing. Finally, we apply the computing cloud architecture to state estimation and static contingency analysis which have the typical parallel and distributed computing mode. The practical performance can meet the requirements of the future scheduling model for online analysis and calculation.

In this paper a new hybrid channel allocation method is presented, which focuses on both nominal and dynamic channel allocation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Industrial Revolution in particular and industrialization in general paved the way for comprehensive modernization. The coal-mining industry played an irreplaceable role in worldwide industrial...

Improving the teaching quality of fundamental chemistry experiment (FCE) course is one of the important ways to cultivate the creative talents in the universities and colleges. In consideration of the present problems in the teaching of FCE course, several measures are put forward in this paper, which involves: increasing the studentsunderstanding of importance of FCE course and interests in learning FCE course, cultivating the students' study style of combining theory with practice, implementing the mode of open experiment teaching and establishing the scientific experimental assessment system. The implementation of these measures greatly inspires the students' motivation of autonomous learning and improves the teaching quality of FCE course. polymer materials and engineering, environmental engineering and water supply and drainage. At present, there exist several problems in the teaching of FCE course as follows. (ⅰ) The new students lacked the basic knowledge and skills of chemistry experiment operations. Many of the students came from the rural high schools and did not take the chemistry experiment course when they studied in the high schools. They are not familiar with the names and use methods of the basic glassware. (ⅱ) Part of the students are not really interested in the experiment and do not pay attentions to the course. They are not able to do good preview before experiment and carefully do their experiment during the course. (ⅲ) Part of the students could not use the theoretical knowledge learned in the theory teaching to guide their experiments. After the experiments, they could not still completely understand the purpose and principle of the experiment and clearly figure out what they have learnt from the experiment course. (ⅳ) Most of the experiments are verification ones and done based on the textbook.The studentsautonomous learning atmosphere has not been yet established. (ⅴ) Existing evaluation system is not perfect and reasonable. The evaluation is conducted only based on the grade of ordinary times and grade of final experimental examination. These problems seriously affect the teaching quality of FCE course. Several measures are suggested to deal with these problems in order to increase the teaching quality of FCE course in this paper.

Reforming the teaching mode of fundamental chemistry experiment (FCE) course is important to realize the teaching target—cultivating the creative talents in the universities and colleges. For this goal, several measures are suggested in this paper: These measures involve “reforming the teaching contents, standing out the application and innovation; “reforming the teaching method, strengthening the students innovation abilities” and “focusing on the development of comprehensive quality, improving the evaluation system of the FCE course. The practice of these methods achieved significant effects in correcting and changing the student's attitudes to experiment, increasing the student's experiment ability and cultivating the the student's good scientific style. Keywordsreform, fundamental chemistry experiment; teaching mode, basic chemistry experiment; innovation

The reform of fundamental chemistry experiment (FCE) course is one of the important gateway to cultivate creative talents. Establishing a scientific comprehensive evaluation system of FCE course is one of the important contents of the reform of FCE course. In order to scientifically, reasonably, objectively and fairly evaluate the teaching quality of FCE course, an operational evaluation system is built in this paper. This system involves the grade of ordinary times, the grade of theory examination, the grade of operation examination and the grade of open experiment examination.According to the system, the evaluation is carried out throughout the experimental teaching process, which not only promote the students' theoretical study, but also stimulate their enthusiasms of autonomous learning and increase their practical beginning abilities. Keywordsfundamental chemistry experiment; evaluation; establishing; teaching reform

We present a new hybrid channel allocation method which includes both the nominal channel allocation and dynamic channel allocation. More efficient channel usage is achieved through co-channel distance minimization. To further improve the performance, there is no division of fixed and dynamic channel groups. The dynamic channel pool includes all the channels in the system.