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T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) are small circularized DNA elements produced during rearrangement of T cell receptor (TCR) genes. Because TRECs are fairly stable, do not replicate during mitosis, and are not diluted during division of naïve T cells (Dion et al. [1]), they are suitable for assessing the number of newly formed T cells (Ping and Denise [2]). In this study, we detected TRECs in 521 healthy Chinese children aged 0-18 years in different clinical settings. The TRECs decrease with aging and show lower levels in preterm and low birth weight (BW) babies compared to those in full-term infants, while the preterm babies can also show comparable levels of TRECs when they have a gestation age (GA)-matched BW. We found a strong correlation between TRECs and peripheral CD4 naïve T cell numbers, which was age-related. We also analyzed the TRECs in different PIDs. Since T cell defects vary in PIDs, TREC levels change inconsistently. For example, in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), combining the level of TREC with lymphocyte subsets can help to distinguish subtypes of disease.Conclusion: We established the reference value range for TRECs by evaluating children below 18 years old in China, which could be used to screen for PIDs during early life. What is Known: • The TREC levels are decreased with age, and there is a positive correlation between TRECs and the numbers of naïve T cells. What is New: • This is the largest study to determine TREC reference levels in healthy Chinese pediatric, we provide solid data showing a correlation between CD4 naïve T cell counts and TREC levels according to age. We point out the GA matched BW is need to be considered during the SCID newborn screening. We are the first group showed that TREC levels can help clinician distinguish different WAS phenotype.

In an 8B/10B mode giga-bit-per-second serial data transactions, the de-serialized data is sent to a comma detection and word alignment (CDWA) module to identify the word boundaries, which is a prerequisite in the high-speed transceivers such as PCIe, USB and JESD204B/C. In order to ensure that the comma code (/K/-code) can be correctly detected. Ten 10-bit comma detector cells are adopted in a typical CDWA module, which require a complex circuitry and an enormous power consumption. To overcome these limitations, a low-area and low-power CDWA circuit for JESD204B/C transceiver chip in 8B/10B mode has been proposed in this paper. The bit width of the detector cells can be truncated from 10 to 6 under the condition, that CDWA module can detect a complete comma code correctly. On one hand, the proposed CDWA module is verified with a FPGA development platform with the reduction of the hardware resources and power consumption to 31.72% and 20.11% respectively as compared to the typical structure available. On the other hand, a 10-Gbps transceiver chip with the proposed CDWA module is fabricated with a 55-nm CMOS process and the word alignment function of the proposed module is proved by the measurement results. The area of this transceiver chip including $2\times $ transmitting links and $2\times $ receiving links is 2.89 mm2, and the power consumption is 467.8 mW, under a maximum data transmission rate of 10 Gbps.

This paper presents a monolithic low power and fast tracking light-to-frequency converter for blood SpO $_2$ sensing. Normally, the tracking speed and the power consumption are two contradictory characteristics. However, different gain-bandwidth specifications for various ambient light intensities allow the dynamic optimization of the power consumption according to the light intensity. In this paper, the amplifier power consumption is adaptively scaled by the generated light-intensity-positively-correlated control voltage. Thus, the chip total power consumption at low light intensity is significantly decreased. Moreover, the proposed adaptive power scaling is achieved with a continuous analog domain, which does not introduce extra switching noise. The proposed light-to-frequency sensor chip is fabricated by using 0.35 ${\rm {\mu m}}$ CMOS technology with a die area of 1 × 0.9 mm $^2$ . The measurement results show that the pulse light response for any light intensity is no longer than two new output square-wave cycles. The maximum total current consumption is 1.9 mA from a 3.3 V supply voltage, which can be adaptively scaled down to only 0.7 mA if the output frequency is about 25 KHz or lower. The minimum operational supply voltage of the proposed sensor chip is 2.5 V in the temperature range of –25 to 80 $^\circ$ C with 4 KV ESD level (human-body model).

Wave plates based on metasurfaces have attracted intensive attention over the past decade owing to their compactness and design flexibility. Although various wave plates have been designed, their working wavelengths are fixed once they are made. Here we present a study on tunable wave plates based on phase-change metasurfaces made of Ge2Sb2Te5 nanopillar structures. The Ge2Sb2Te5 nanopillars can work as a high-efficiency transmissive half- or quarter-wave plate depending on their structural parameters. The working wavelength of wave plate can be tuned via the phase transition of Ge2Sb2Te5. Moreover, the polarization state of the transmitted light at a fixed wavelength can be modified by changing the crystallinity of Ge2Sb2Te5. The features suggest that tunable wave plates may have applications in optical modulators, molecular detection, and polarimetric imaging.

In view of the fact that the accuracy of texture image classification is easily affected by changes in illumination and rotation, based on the analysis of geometric curvatures information of the image microscopic geometric surface and the completed local binary pattern (CLBP), this paper proposed a new descriptor, named as Geometry-based Completed Local Binary Pattern (GCLBP). Inspired by the continuous rotation invariance and illumination robustness of the geometric curvature information, principal curvatures (PCs) of all pixels are first calculated and then used to represent the gradient magnitude information of the image, which are further exploited to replace the original gradient magnitude information in CLBP. To further improve the accuracy of texture classification, a cross-scale joint coding strategy is exploited to form the final GCLBP. The experimental results on two standard texture databases demonstrate that the GCLBP algorithm proposed in this paper is not only far superior to the original CLBP in terms of classification recognition accuracy and dimensionality of feature vector, but also better than most existing advanced texture classification methods.

β-Ga2O3-based deep-ultraviolet photodetector (PD) has versatile civil and military applications especially due to its inherent solar-blindness. In this work, pristine and N-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films are prepared on c-plane sapphire substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The influences of N impurity on the micromorphology, structural and optical properties of β-Ga2O3 film are investigated in detail by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectra. The introduction of N impurities not only degrades the crystal quality of β-Ga2O3 films, but also affects the surface roughness. The β-Ga2O3 films doped with N undergoes a transition from a direct optical band gap to an indirect optical band gap. Then, the resulting metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) PD is constructed. Comparing with the pure β-Ga2O3-based photodetector, the introduction of N impurities can effectively depress dark current and improve response speed of the β-Ga2O3 device. The N-doped β-Ga2O3-based photodetector achieves a dark current of 1.08 × 10–11 A and a fast response speed (rise time of 40 ms and decay time of 8 ms), which can be attributed to the decrease of oxygen vacancy related defects. This study demonstrates that the acceptor doping provides a new opportunity for producing ultraviolet photodetectors with fast response for further practical applications.

This paper presents a high linear dynamic range light-to-frequency converter (LFC) with integrated photodiodes (PDs). The high dynamic range with linear response is achieved by two techniques. At first, the NWell/PSubstrate PD is regulated to almost zero voltage drop, in order to minimize the bias-dependent leakage current under a low light irradiance. Secondly, a replica amplifier is implemented to monitor the offset voltage of the regulator against process-voltage-temperature variation. As the result, the systematic and layout-dependent input offset voltage of the regulator can be reduced. The proposed LFC chip is fabricated using 0.35- $\mu \text{m}$ 2-poly-3-metal nonepitaxy CMOS technology with a die size of $1.02\times 0.83$ mm2. According to the measurement results, the proposed LFC is much less sensitive to temperature variation and it exhibits more than six orders of magnitude linear response under the light irradiance as low as 0.5 nW/cm2 with a temperature range from −25 °C to 125 °C.

Manipulating the polarization state of light is important in numerous applications in photonics and electromagnetism. Among many possible approaches, plasmonic polarizers have attracted widespread attention, due to their flexibility in structural design and convenience in on-chip integration. The authors demonstrate a VO${}_{2}$-based composite plasmonic nanostructure that can dynamically modulate the polarization of reflected light, via the thermally induced insulator-metal transition of the oxide. The composite structure can also be applied to realize switchable infrared imaging.

Background Mutations within the ELANE gene, which encodes human neutrophil elastase, are the most common genetic causes of severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). No cases of SCN have been previously described from a Chinese population. Herein, we describe the clinical, hematologic and molecular characteristics of 7 Chinese SCN cases with novel ELANE mutations. Methods Seven Chinese pediatric patients (4 males and 3 females) with suspected SCN were enrolled in this study. Clinical data, peripheral blood, bone marrow and immune function were evaluated for SCN. ELANE genomic DNA and cDNA sequences from patients and potential carriers were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Results All the7 patients experienced recurrent infection (soft tissue, lung, oral cavity) during a period of 120 days. Noninfectious conditions such as anemia and osteopenia were found in most patients, and absolute peripheral neutrophil counts varied. DNA and cDNA sequencing demonstrated that the patients harbored a range of heterozygous ELANE gene mutations, including substitution, deletion, insertion and frame shift alterations. All the mutations had not been reported previously; however, no mutation carriers were identified among the parents or siblings, even in a family with 2 affected offspring. Conclusion SCN cases were identified for the first time in China, and all patients carried novel ELANE mutations. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was an effective treatment for most of the SCN patients and prevented life-threatening bacterial infections.

Aims The aims of this study were to compare ventricular repolarisation parameters in patients who underwent cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) at Sun Yat-sen University Memorial Hospital under different ventricular pacing modes and to understand effects of epicardial pacing on ventricular repolarisation. Methods The study included 55 patients who underwent CRT. During follow-up outpatient visits three months after CRT implantation, the CRT devices were programmed to deliver no pacing (with the exception of patients with third-degree atrioventricular block), biventricular pacing (BivP), right ventricular endocardial pacing (RV-EndoP), and left ventricular epicardial pacing (LV-EpiP). Signals from the standard 12-lead ECG were recorded simultaneously to measure the QT interval, JT interval, and Tp-e interval, from which the heart rate-corrected QTc interval, JTc interval, and Tp-ec interval were determined. Results The JTc interval and Tp-ec interval were prolonged during LV-EpiP and BivP compared with those during spontaneous cardiac rhythm and RV-EndoP. The JTc dispersion and Tp-ec dispersion were not significantly different among the four pacing modes. Conclusion Epicardial pacing prolongs myocardial repolarisation time and increases transmural dispersion of repolarisation. Epicardial pacing has no significant effect on the dispersion of regional ventricular repolarisation.

The plasmonic nanoantenna has attracted intensive attention over the last decades owing to its unique optical response. Although various nanoantennas have been designed, so far very few efforts have been devoted to their dynamic tunability. Here we present a study on dynamically tunable bowtie nanoantennas integrated on a vanadium dioxide thin film with a thermal phase transition. The insulator–metal transition of vanadium dioxide changes its electric feature and permittivity; hence, the resonance of the bowtie nanoantennas is actively tuned by varying the temperature of the device. Further, by adjusting the gap of the bowtie and the edge size of the nanotriangle at a different temperature, the shift of the resonant wavelength of the nanoantenna has been found to increase for a larger triangle edge size, but less dependent on the gap width. The features suggest that VO2-integrated nanoantennas may have applications in dynamically tunable high-harmonic generation, single-molecule fluorescence enhancement, and nanolasers.

It is the most effective resource use practices for coal slurry to be used as fuel for fluidized bed boiler. The dry desulfurization of slurry fluidized bed boiler is a large time delay system, and the load disturbance of this system changes frequently. In order to achieve stable control of SO2 emission and meet environmental requirements, a fuzzy control technology combined with the optimal feed-forward was designed. Combined with field experience, a fuzzy controller system was designed by fuzzy control technology, and then the integral process was added to achieve non-error track. To reduce the impact of desulfurizer and other factors, based on the principle of feed-forward, an objective to minimize disturbance impact was obtained, and then a nonlinear programming problem for solving the optimal feed-forward parameters was established, from which the best feed-forward form can be obtained. Results of 440T/H fluidized bed boiler show that the proposed method has satisfactory control effect. SO2 concentration can fully meet environmental emission requirements, and its fluctuation is relatively small.

White mud is a kind of solid waste from the papermaking process, because of the high pH value and desulfurization material, it can be used as a desulfurization agent. Coal slury is the waste from the coal washing process and generally be used as fuel. This paper studies the hybrid method for white mud and coal slurry to be transported by pipeline, and the furnace desulfurization effect with the mixture. Rheological properties of coal slury and white mud was analyzed, and then based on the rheological data the coal slurry, white mud and water mixed strategy was obtained. By altering calcium sulfur ratio and operation parameters of boiler, fluidizing bed boiler desulphurization effect was tested with the mixture, the economic analysis was also performed through comparision of operational cost. The result shows that the proposed hybrid method is not only relatively simple, but also has the characteristics of good desulfurization effect, high desulfurization efficiency, and good economy. The study has important guiding meaning for desulphurization of coal slurry fluidized bed boiler.

As a constant-column power generating machine, the combustion turbine has a direct proportion of its output to the quantity of input air. Therefore, when the ambient air temperature rises higher in summer, the effect of combustion turbine is decreasing. In order to enhance the efficiency of combustion turbine in summer, two sets of inlet air cooling system (IACS) were installed in PG6551(B) combustion turbines in Jinhua, Zhejiang, China. Two low-pressure evaporators were installed in the caudal flue of the waste heat boiler, therefore, the produced saturation steam drives a single-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller to cool the input air of combustion turbines to raise the output power of combustion turbine in summer; or supplies the low-pressure heater to heat the condensated water from the deaerator of the steam turbine in winter. A measurement and control system (MCS) of the new-added inlet air cooling equipments was developed. Based on the framework of DCS (Distributed Computer System), the M&C system has the IACS work correctly and easily. The structure and functions of the M&C is described in detail.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs Programme identifies chemicals, drugs, mixtures, occupational exposures, lifestyles and personal habits, and physical and biological agents that cause cancer in humans and has evaluated about 1000 agents since 1971. Monographs are written by ad hoc Working Groups (WGs) of international scientific experts over a period of about 12 months ending in an eight-day meeting. The WG evaluates all of the publicly available scientific information on each substance and, through a transparent and rigorous process,1 decides on the degree to which the scientific evidence supports that substance’s potential to cause or not cause cancer in humans. For Monograph 112,2 17 expert scientists evaluated the carcinogenic hazard for four insecticides and the herbicide glyphosate.3 The WG concluded that the data for glyphosate meet the criteria for classification as a probable human carcinogen. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the primary agency of the European Union for risk assessments regarding food safety. In October 2015, EFSA reported4 on their evaluation of the Renewal Assessment Report5 (RAR) for glyphosate that was prepared by the Rapporteur Member State, the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). EFSA concluded that ‘glyphosate is unlikely to pose a carcinogenic hazard to humans and the evidence does not support classification with regard to its carcinogenic potential’. Addendum 1 (the BfR Addendum) of the RAR5 discusses the scientific rationale for differing from the IARC WG conclusion. Serious flaws in the scientific evaluation in the RAR incorrectly characterise the potential for a carcinogenic hazard from exposure to glyphosate. Since the RAR is the basis for the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) conclusion,4 it is critical that these shortcomings are corrected., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Multi-instance multi-label learning, an extension of multi-instance learning in multi-label classification, has been successfully used in image classification. In existing algorithms, the distribution of instances in bags is generally assumed to be independent of each other, which is difficult to be guaranteed in image classification. Considering instance correlations in a bag, in this paper a novel method of scene classification based on multi-kernel fusion and multi-instance multi-label learning is proposed. First, instance correlations are introduced by means of building graph. Then, different kernel matrices can be derived from kernel functions based on graphs in different scales. Finally, the multi-label can be predicted by the multi-kernel SVM classifier based on multiple-kernel fusion. Experimental results on scene data set and MSRC v2 data set show that the proposed method greatly improves the accuracy of the image scene classification compared with other methods.

An elevator fault diagnosis method based on Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) is proposed in this paper. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, this paper designed the fault diagnosis experiment for elevator mechanical system. Firstly, the wavelet transformation is used to filter the noise of the vibration signal collected in the experiment. Then the kurtosis value of the filtered signal is extracted as the index to represent the practical status of the elevator. Finally, the SPRT algorithm is used to diagnose the faults of the elevator mechanical system. Experimental results show that this method has high accuracy in practical applications. It is important to improve the performance of the fault diagnosis for the elevator mechanical system.

We analyze a two-firm scenario where each company sells two products with their competition focused primarily on price. If firms are given the option to bundle their products, we wish to determine whether both or one of them choose to bundle, how they set prices, and whether or not they are better off. Also, product bundling has the dual benefits of reduced search costs for the consumer and lower production costs for the manufacturer. We characterize the impact of these effects on the profitability of bundling strategies.

The objective was to investigate the effects of valsartan on the electrophysiological characteristics of left ventricular hypertrophic myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A total of 24 10-week-old male SHR were divided into two groups: valsartan and non-valsartan groups (n=12 in each). Twelve 10-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats were served as the control group. Kv4.2 expression was measured in left ventricular myocardium using western blots. In addition, the systolic blood pressure, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), ventricular effective refractory period and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were also measured after eight weeks. INa, ICaL, Ito and membrane capacitance were measured in left ventricular myocytes after 8 weeks by whole-cell patch clamp. Valsartan decreased LVMI compared with the non-Valsartan group (Valsartan vs. non-Valsartan: 3.2±0.03 mg g(-1) vs. 3.7±0.02 mg g(-1), P0.01). Valsartan also enhanced the VFT compared with the non-Valsartan group (Valsartan vs. non-Valsartan: 18.6±0.3 mA vs. 15.4±0.4 mA, P0.01). The expression of Kv4.2 was significantly lower in the non-Valsartan and Valsartan groups compared with the control group (P0.01). The expression of Kv4.2 was significantly higher in the Valsartan group compared with the non-Valsartan group (P0.01). Valsartan decreased the density of ICaL compared with non-Valsartan group (Valsartan vs. non-Valsartan: -5.5±0.6 pA/pF vs. -7.2±0.9 pA/pF, P0.05). Valsartan improved the density of Ito compared with non-Valsartan group(Valsartan vs. non-Valsartan: 13.93±0.8 pA/pF vs. 11.22±1.0 pA/pF, P0.05). Valsartan improves the electrophysiological characteristics of left ventricular hypertrophic myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive rat.

This paper designs the disclosure of internal control information quality evaluation system, to analyze the disclosure of internal control information situations in Public-Listed Company, and we examines its influencing factors based on the perspective of corporate governance. The results show that the disclosure level of internal control information not only very low, but also have comparatively great differences among Public-Listed companies in China; the factors having significantly positive correlations to director board size, proportion of independent directors, State-Owned Holder and set up internal control department, factors having negative correlation is the chairman of board of director who is general manager, but there is no statistical significance between the disclosure of internal control information and supervisory board size, the proportion of top one shareholder. We conclude that corporate governance has significant effect on the disclosure of internal control information.

A new image fusion algorithm based on wavelet transform is proposed, according to the directional characteristics of the high-frequency. Using wavelet transform decomposes an image into low-frequency sub-bands and high-frequency sub-bands in different scale, low-frequency sub-band using the correlation coefficients based on spatial frequency to determine the fusion rule; for each high-frequency sub-bands under their directional characteristic, using the local energy to determine the high-frequency coefficients. Experimental results and evaluation parameters show that this algorithm is effective and provide a performance better than that of other methods.

A loading and testing system was developed by utilizing the technology of computer and hydraulic, which was employed to test the performance and quality of the maintained shearer haulage part. This paper was focused on the introducing on this system's theory of testing and loading, basic structure, and key devices. This system achieved the all experiments for the performance of the shearer haulage part, and had a good ability of data analysis and performance evaluation. Moreover, this system had a high degree of automation, and could be controlled remotely.

We studied the calcium content and mechanical strength of cortical bone from rats and dogs after different periods of demineralisation, showing that the rate of demineralisation differed considerably between the species. Specimens from the rat were further treated by chemical extraction and autolysis and tested for osteoinductive properties. We showed that partially demineralised cortical bone retained adequate mechanical strength, while retaining the biological effects of completely demineralised bone. This shows that it is possible to prepare allografts which have adequate mechanical strength and still retain osteo-inductive properties.

The embedded gateway make it possible for the data from different traditional network transparent transmitted with IP network. But most embedded gateway application limited to LAN and can not support the node communication between different WAN. In order to realize the instant communication of network node in different LAN, an embedded gateway based on P2P protocol is proposed in the paper. The protocol packet format is redefined and work flow between server and client is introduced.

In the treatment of 32 cases of bile reflux gastritis by embedding catgut in the acupoints of Danshu (BL 19), Weishu (BL 21), Liangmen (ST 21), Zhongwan (CV 12), Shangwan (CV 13), Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6), Taichong (LR 3) and Yanglingquan (GB 34), taken off one day later, embedded once every 15–20 days, the results showed cure in 20 cases and improvement in 12 cases after four treatments.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of olmesartan (OLM) and olmesartan plus hydrochlorothiazide (fixed-dose combination of OLM/HCTZ 20 mg/12.5 mg) combined with amlodipine (AML) in Chinese patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension who had insufficient response for AML mono-therapy. Methods This was an open label, non-comparative, multicenter clinical trial. The patients who had not achieved targeted BP (defined as DBP 20 mmHg. Results In the intent-to-treat analysis (n = 409), the rate of the responders at the end of week 4, 8, 12, 16 was 76.3%, 86.3%, 95.4%, 97.1%, respectively. In terms of DM subjects (n = 54), the rate was 88.9% at the end of treatment. The mean changes of blood pressure from baseline in all subjects at week 4, 8, 12 and 16 were as below. Only one SAE (no drug related) was reported during the study period. Conclusions In Chinese hypertensive patients with insufficient response for AML mono-therapy, OLM and OLM plus HCTZ combined with AML are efficacious in lowering BP and have an acceptable safety and tolerability profile.

We demonstrate continuous imaging of a single 87Rb atom confined in a steep magneto-optical trap with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera and realize a one-dimensional micro-optical trap array with a Dammann grating. We adopt several methods to reduce the noise in the fluorescence signal we obtain with the EMCCD. Step jumping characteristics of the fluorescence demonstrate capturing and losing of individual atoms.

We employ a sample of cold 87Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap to study the impulse responses and spatial characters of backward conjugate waves in a four-wave mixing process. We measure the slow and superluminal group velocities of backward conjugate waves, and find the sensitive variation of the spatial mode of backward waves with the probe-pump detuning and the dependence of the reflectance on the magnetic field, while the trapping magnetic field exists.

A virtual network is defined as a logical network, in which users exhibit their access behaviors. Virtual networks rely on physical computer networks like the Internet, but have different topologies, and cause significant influence on the physical networks. In this paper, a novel two-tier model is proposed to study influences of virtual networks to Internet collective behavior. It is shown that the queue lengths of the node data packets present phase transition characteristics. Moreover, the phase transition critical point moves to the left and network performance is deteriorated. In a free flow, the nodes are independent of each other or short-range correlative. In the critical state, the nodes are long-range correlative, and there exists a higher power exponent H which means stronger long-range correlation. When the system state is on the right of critical point, virtual network behaviors make the network to present consistent long-range correlative characteristic.

Hybrid power filter is effective equipment for preventing harmonic pollution and enhancing power quality. The design of passive power filters is one of the important parts of hybrid power filter. Conventional approaches for the design of passive power filters depend on the experiences and single technology criterions, which are difficult to achieve the optimal solution. An optimal design method based on genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper. Two objectives including minimum total harmonics distortion of current and minimum cost for equipments are constructed, and reactive power compensation is used as constraint condition. The objective functions for an asymmetrical powers system are deduced, thus the fitness functions are determined. And the parameters of passive power filters are achieved by adopting genetic algorithm. Passive power filters applied in practical system are designed and the simulation model is given. Simulation results show that the filter designed by the proposed algorithm has better harmonics suppression effect and lower initial investment for equipments than conventional approaches.

The principle and method are presented for computation of two dimensional wave fields in the focal region of a chirped and curved grating lens on optical waveguides. The phase and amplitude of the wave at the exit boundary of the lens are calculated by using the generalized coupled mode theory and the focal pattern has been calculated by means of Kirch-hoff’s integral. A numerical example and its computer algorithm are discussed.

Objective: To explore the application of comfortable nursing in the preparation of colonoscopy in oral magnesium sulfate, and to provide scientific reference direction for nursing staff. Methods: 68 patients with colonoscopy were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (n = 34). In the control group, the routine nursing intervention was used, and the intervention group was treated with comfortable nursing intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The total satisfaction score of the experimental group was (96.88 ± 1.26), the total satisfaction score of the control group was (80.65 ± 3.32), the test group (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The incidence of adverse reactions was 5.88% in the experimental group and 23.53% in the control group. Conclusion: The effect of comfortable nursing on the preparation of colonic gut in the oral magnesium sulfate method is relatively large.