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Studies reveal that emotional labor is a key feature of caring professions. The present study explored emotional labor as an occupational requirement for employees of not-for-profit human services ...

Background China's elderly population is growing rapidly. As the primary provider of geriatric care services, the expertise and care competencies of nursing staff directly affect the quality of services provided by elderly care institutions. To develop a geriatric care capacity needs questionnaire to provide an assessment tool for the implementation of geriatric care quality improvement and staff capacity building programs in elderly care institutions. Methods Based on the literature review, a questionnaire item pool was established. The initial questionnaire was formed by interviewing senior nursing staff and a pilot survey. The formal questionnaire was formed by testing the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Results The Elderly Care Capacity Needs Questionnaire (ECCNQ) was composed of 12 dimensions. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.860. The Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.832, Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.83. The correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total questionnaire was 0.472–0.737. Conclusions The reliability and validity of the ECCNQ are acceptable, with good stability and effectiveness, which can be used as an evaluation tool for elderly care capacity needs.

Military deployments can place stress on family members that can affect their physiological and psychological health. Although there has been much research on online social support in health-related groups, there is limited research on online social support in a deployment context. The researchers of this study conducted a content analysis of 151 discussion threads related to military deployments in an online forum for the significant others (SOs) of service members to examine the types of social support messages enacted between SOs. These enacted social support messages were further analyzed for each phase of the deployment cycle. Results showed that information and emotional support were the most frequent types of social support enacted by SOs during a deployment cycle. Information support was the most commonly requested type of social support during the pre-deployment and post-deployment phases, while emotional support was requested most often during the deployment phase. In response to the requests for social support, information support was the most commonly provided type of social support during the pre-deployment phase, while emotional support was the most commonly provided type of social support during the deployment and post-deployment phases.

Background Long non-coding RNA heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2-antisense RNA 1 (HAND2-AS1) was found to be elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs). However, whether HAND2-AS1 functions as an exosomal lncRNA related to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in RA progression is unknown. Methods The expression of HAND2-AS1, microRNA (miR)-143-3p, and tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducible protein 3 (TNFAIP3) was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were detected using cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and wound healing and transwell assays. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL)-6 were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of phosphorylated-p65 was examined by Western blot. The binding interaction between miR-143-3p and HAND2-AS1 or TNFAIP3 was confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays. Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and qualified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot. Results HAND2-AS1 was lowly expressed in RA synovial tissues, and HAND2-AS1 re-expression suppressed the proliferation, motility, and inflammation and triggered the apoptosis in RA-FLSs via the inactivation of NF-κB pathway. Mechanistically, HAND2-AS1 directly sponged miR-143-3p and positively regulated TNFAIP3 expression, the target of miR-143-3p. Moreover, the effects of HAND2-AS1 on RA-FLSs were partially attenuated by miR-143-3p upregulation or TNFAIP3 knockdown. HAND2-AS1 could be packaged into hMSC-derived exosomes and absorbed by RA-FLSs, and human MSC-derived exosomal HAND2-AS1 also repressed above malignant biological behavior of RA-FLSs. Conclusion MSC-derived exosomes participated in the intercellular transfer of HAND2-AS1 and suppressed the activation of RA-FLSs via miR-143-3p/TNFAIP3/NF-κB pathway, which provided a novel insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of RA.

Neutron resonance absorption imaging, being used to visualize a spatial distribution of elements and/or temperature within a sample, is one of the important applications of an intense short-pulse neutron source. Two-dimensional time-analyzer neutron detectors are indispensable to perform neutron energy dependent imaging by means of the time-of-flight technique. Some state-of-the-art time-analyzer neutron detectors have been developed for thermal or cold neutrons. However the detection efficiencies of such neutron detectors are not sufficient for neutron resonance absorption imaging which utilizes neutrons in the energy region from eV to keV. The 2012 model lithium-6 time-analyzer neutron detector (LiTA12) system, based on a lithium glass scintillator and multi-anode photomultiplier tube, has the highest neutron efficiency among the detectors for pulsed neutron imaging together with the flexibility to tune the efficiency by changing the thickness of the lithium glass. The authors estimated performances of the detector at resonance neutron energies finding that 0.7 mm width line pairs made by 3 μm thick gold could be resolved at 4.9 eV and the maximum count rate of 8 Mcps was achieved at 1 keV.

A new mapping procedure for polycrystals using neutron Bragg-dip transmission is presented. This is expected to be useful as a new materials characterization tool which can simultaneously map the crystallographic direction of grains parallel to the incident beam. The method potentially has a higher spatial resolution than neutron diffraction imaging. As a demonstration, a Bragg-dip neutron transmission experiment was conducted at J-PARC on beamline MLF BL10 NOBORU. A large-grained Si–steel plate was used. Since this specimen included multiple grains along the neutron beam transmission path, it was a challenging task for existing methods to analyse the direction of the crystal lattice of each grain. A new data-analysis method for Bragg-dip transmission measurements was developed based on database matching. As a result, the number of grains and their crystallographic direction along the neutron transmission path have been determined.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also referred to as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome is a rare, potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction characterized by rash with fever, lymphadenopathy, hematologic abnormalities such as eosinophilia or atypical lymphocytes, and internal organ involvement. DRESS occurs within 2 to 6 weeks after the beginning of the pharmacologic treatment.1 Treatment of DRESS consists of stopping the offending medication and providing supportive care. The use of systemic steroids remains controversial because the etiology of the rash is unknown and the use of systemic corticosteroids has associated risks.2 Recently, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as a pro-inflammatory mediator has attracted the clinician's attention. Over the last decade, TNF-α inhibitors, such as infliximab and etanercept, have been used to treat toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS), with anecdotal success.3, 4 However, to our knowledge, there is no report yet on whether a TNF-α inhibitor is effective to treat DRESS. Here we present a case of DRESS associated with lithium carbonate successfully treated with a TNF-α inhibitor (Recombinant Human TNF Receptor-IgG Fusion Protein; Qiangke, Celgen Biopharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Shanghai, China).

Objectives To report major postoperative complications in 1613 dogs with tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA). Study design Retrospective case series. Sample population Dogs (n = 1613) with cranial cruciate ligament deficiency treated with TTA. Methods Medical records of TTAs performed between December 2007-2013 were reviewed for age, sex, weight, contralateral stifle surgery, surgical approach, duration of preoperative lameness, presence of meniscal damage, concurrent patellar luxation and simultaneous bilateral TTA. Major postoperative complications were defined as surgical site infection (SSI) (superficial, deep, or organ/space), implant failure, fracture, patellar luxation, and meniscal tear. Results Major complications were recorded in 13.4% of cases. Superficial SSI (incisional irritation) was diagnosed in 6.9% cases, requiring only antimicrobial therapy. Other complications included postliminary medial meniscal tear (2% incidence), deep SSI (incisional dehiscence, 1.1%), implant failure (1%), patellar luxation (1.2%), fracture (0.9%), and organ/space SSI (septic arthritis, 0.4%). Dogs with normal menisci were less likely to develop postliminary meniscal tears if the medial meniscus was released at the time of TTA (P 8 years old approached significance (P = .05) in terms of predisposition to major complications. Conclusions Major complications after TTA are uncommon, even in dogs with concurrent patellar luxation or bilateral simultaneous procedures. In spite of its morbidity, medial meniscal release may prevent postliminary meniscal tears.

To realize courses recommendation of agricultural majors is essential for China Open University system who has undertaken the project of one college student in one village” granted by China Ministry of Education, which provides the whole country agricultural major courses through network. This research designs a knowledge discovery method based on FP-growth algorithm about student courses selection behaviors in agriculture major, and gives information system architecture for recommending agricultural major courses. Ultimately professional courses recommendation of one agricultural major in China Open University system is realized, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. Besides, this research also compares FP-growth algorithm and Aprioi algorithm, find out that FP-growth algorithm has fast processing speed, but high implementation complexity.

Neutron Bragg-edge transmission imaging makes it possible to quantitatively visualize the two-dimensional distribution of microstructure within a sample. In order to examine its application to engineering products, time-of-flight Bragg-edge transmission imaging experiments using a pulsed neutron source were performed for plastically bent plates composed of a ferritic steel and a duplex stainless steel. The non-homogeneous microstructure distributions, such as texture, crystalline size, phase volume fraction and residual elastic strain, were evaluated for the cross sections of the bent plates. The obtained results were compared with those by neutron diffraction and electron back scatter diffraction, showing that the Bragg-edge transmission imaging is powerful for engineering use.

Objectives: To document temporospatial variables and gait symmetry measured by the GAITRite® system for normal, healthy dogs at the walk and trot with the leash side recorded.Study Design: Observational, prospective, cohort study.Sample Population: 66 healthy dogs of various common breeds with no evidence of lameness that were small (< 10 kg), medium (10- < 25 kg), large (25- < 40 kg), or giant (≥40 kg).Methods: Dogs walked and trotted at their preferred velocity on a pressure sensing walkway system. Video observation confirmed inclusion criteria were met for three valid trials at each gait for each dog. Coefficients of variance were used to summarize the data for analysis. Fore and hindlimb ratios were compared. Gait symmetry was assessed with the leash on the left and right side.Results: Coefficients of variation for gait parameters ranged from 20 to 28% for all except velocity and hind reach. There was no statistically significant difference in differences in fore and hindlimb ratios for stance %, GLS, TPI, or step:stride ratio, across weight categories or between walk and trot. Less than 8% of normal dogs had a GLS score < 90 (indicating lameness). Leash side did influence gait symmetry, since GLS, TPI, and step:stride all had statistically significant differences in means between leash side, irrelevant of the weight category or gait.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: This system allowed simple, reliable gait assessment and values reported may be considered normal reference ranges for temporospatial variables collected with this system within the weight ranges and gaits reported. Controlling leash side and patient size is recommended for therapeutic intervention studies.

Energy-resolved neutron imaging at a pulsed source utilizes the energy-dependent neutron transmission measured via time-of-flight to extract quantitative information about the internal microstructure of an object. At the RADEN instrument at J-PARC in Japan, we use cutting-edge detectors employing micro-pattern detectors or fast Li-glass scintillators and fast, all-digital data acquisition to perform such measurements, while continuing their development toward better utilization of the intense neutron source. In particular, for the Micro-Pixel Chamber based Neutron Imaging Detector ({\mu}NID), a micro-pattern detector with a 400 {\mu}m pitch and employing 3He for neutron conversion, we have successfully improved the spatial resolution from 200 to 100 {\mu}m, increased the detection efficiency from 18 to 26% for thermal neutrons, and increased the maximum count rate from 0.4 to 1 Mcps. We are also testing a new readout element with a 215 {\mu}m pitch for further improved spatial resolution, and a {\mu}NID with boron-based neutron converter for increased rate performance., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures; accepted to Proceedings of International Conference on Neutron Optics 2017, Nara, Japan (JPS Conference Proceedings)

Objectives: Testing for NRAS mutation at codon Q61 is of therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostic importance for metastatic melanoma, thyroid carcinoma, and colorectal carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry for NRAS Q61R, the most common NRAS mutation, offers several practical advantages over current molecular diagnostic techniques. Methods: We investigated the sensitivity and specificity of NRAS Q61R in a series of 149 tumors with known NRAS genotype (72 malignant melanomas, 13 melanocytic nevi, 28 thyroid carcinomas, 25 gastrointestinal carcinomas, and 11 other malignancies). Results: Thirty-five cases harbored the NRAS Q61R mutation (19 malignant melanomas, one melanocytic nevus, 10 thyroid carcinomas, two gastrointestinal carcinomas, and three other malignancies). In this series, the concordance rate between immunohistochemistry and mutational analyses was 100%. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 100%, respectively. However, lower staining intensity was observed for thyroid carcinomas in comparison to melanomas and other tumors. Conclusions: Our studies confirmed that immunohistochemistry provides excellent sensitivity and specificity for detecting the NRAS Q61R mutation in a variety of tumor types in a clinical setting.

Objective To evaluate whether there is an association between an intervention to reduce medical bed occupancy and performance on the 4-hour target and hospital mortality. Methods This before-and-after study was undertaken in a large UK District General Hospital over a 32 month period. A range of interventions were undertaken to reduce medical bed occupancy within the Trust. Performance on the 4-hour target and hospital mortality (hospital standardised mortality ratio (HSMR), summary hospital-level mortality indicator (SHMI) and crude mortality) were compared before, and after, intervention. Daily data on medical bed occupancy and percentage of patients meeting the 4-hour target was collected from hospital records. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time-series method was used to estimate the changes in levels and trends in average medical bed occupancy, monthly performance on the target and monthly mortality measures (HSMR, SHMI and crude mortality) that followed the intervention. Results Mean medical bed occupancy decreased significantly from 93.7% to 90.2% (p=0.02). The trend change in target performance, when comparing preintervention and postintervention, revealed a significant improvement (p=0.019). The intervention was associated with a mean reduction in all markers of mortality (range 4.5–4.8%). SHMI (p=0.02) and crude mortality (p=0.018) showed significant trend changes after intervention. Conclusions Lowering medical bed occupancy is associated with reduced patient mortality and improved ability of the acute Trust to achieve the 95% 4-hour target. Whole system transformation is required to create lower average medical bed occupancy.

Energy-resolved neutron imaging at a pulsed source utilizes the energy-dependent neutron transmission, measured via time-of-flight, to extract quantitative information on the internal microstructure of an object in situ. These techniques, however, are currently limited by the count-rate capability of available imaging detector systems, resulting in long measurement times and reduced spatial resolution. At RADEN, we are building on our previous detector development work to provide nearly three times improvement in rate performance of our micro-pixel chamber based neutron imaging detector $(_{\mu }$ NID) by changing from 3 He to a boron-based neutron converter and optimizing the shape for a much reduced event size and maximized detection efficiency. We are also designing a new micro-pattern readout element with an additional readout axis to facilitate clean event separation under high-rate conditions. Proof-of-principle testing at RADEN of the $_{\mu }$ NID with a flat, $1.2{\mu }m$ thick $^{10}B$ conversion layer confirmed a spatial resolution of 0.45 to 0.5 mm and indicated an improvement in rate capacity up to 22 Mcps or more. Once the boron converter is optimized for detection efficiency, this detector will help to unlock the full potential of these energyresolved neutron imaging techniques at pulsed sources.

The Energy-Resolved Neutron Imaging System RADEN, located at the J-PARC Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility in Japan, is the world's first dedicated high-intensity, short-pulsed neutron imaging beam line. To carry out energy-resolved neutron imging at RADEN, we use cutting-edge detector systems employing micropattern detectors and data acquisition systems based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays to provide the necessary sub-μs time resolution, high counting rates, and event-by-event background rejection. One such detector, the Micro Pixel Chamber-based Neutron Imaging Detector (μNID), provides a spatial resolution of 120 μm (s), time resolution of 0.6 μs, 18% detection efficiency for thermal neutrons, and effective gamma sensitivity of less than 10−12. We have recently increased the rate capacity of the μNID from 600 kcps to more than 8 Mcps via an upgrade of the readout electronics and the introduction of a new gas mixture optimized for higher count rate, better spatial resolution, and higher detection efficiency. We are also developing new detection elements with strip pitches of 280 μm and 215 μm, down from 400 μm, with a corresponding improvement in the spatial resolution expected. Here, we present the progress of the ongoing development of the μNID, including the results of recent on-beam tests performed at RADEN.

Purpose/objectives To examine the experiences of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses in the United States and Canada. . Design Quantitative, descriptive, nonexperimental. . Setting Online survey with members from the Canadian Association of Nursing Oncology and the Oncology Nursing Society. . Sample 486 American and 63 Canadian practicing oncology nurses. . Methods The Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale, version 5, and modified Abendroth Demographic Questionnaire were administered through FluidSurveys™, an online data collection instrument. Chi-square tests of independence were used to investigate associations between demographic characteristics, health, personal stressors, and work-related characteristics to experiences of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. Compassion fatigue was measured using the subscales of secondary traumatic stress and burnout. . Main research variables Compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. . Findings Demographic characteristics were similar in American and Canadian participants, and both cohorts reported comparable levels of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. Perception of team cohesiveness within the workplace environment was found to be significant for both groups, as indicated by significant relationships in all three subscales of secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in the ProQOL. . Conclusions Healthy and supportive work environments are imperative to nurses' health, well-being, and satisfaction. Improvements in the workplace can help prevent negative sequelae, as well as improve health outcomes for patients and nurses, decrease nurse turnover, and reduce healthcare expenditures. . Implications for nursing Findings can be used to implement institutional changes, such as creating policies and guidelines for the development of preventive interventions and psychosocial support for nurses.

A new experimental technique to measure spatial distribution of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is proposed. Since SANS reflects the nanostructures of samples, high-efficiency mapping of the ...

The neutron imaging and diffraction instruments at Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at J-PARC are expected to play an important role in the microstructure characteristic evaluation of steel materials further for industry application. Neutron transmission spectrum measured at a neutron imaging detector coupled with time-of-flight (TOF) method at a pulsed source, can quantitatively and non-destructively visualize the spatial distributions of the wider area by 2D mapping of textures and the microstructures information inside a relatively thicker material than the traditional electron, X-ray and neutron experiments. In this study, neutron imaging experiment was performed using NOBORU, BL10 of MLF at J-PARC. Four kinds of cast duplex stainless steel with ferrite and austenite microstructure were studied here, which were produced by different casting method at different temperature. Firstly, a two-dimensional scintillation detector using wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers [1] with pixel size of 0.52mm × 0.52mm and illuminated area 55mm × 55mm was used for data collection. Then, measurement by Micro Pixel Chamber (μPIC)-based neutron imaging detector [2] having higher spatial resolution about 0.2mm was conducted. Data analysis code RITS (Rietveld Imaging of Transmission Spectra) [3] will be used for microstructure including crystalline phase, lattice strain, crystallite size, texture evaluation. This work was supported by Photon and Quantum Basic Research Coordinated Development Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

With the continuous development of China's economy, the society needs a large number of high-level skilled personnel, while the majority of normal college graduates currently unable to meet the market or industry requirements for highly skilled personnel. To achieve the "demographic dividend" to" talent dividend "conversion, training objectives and training model is bound to change. There are some problems in normal college students' teaching skills training in most of our colleges and universities. The article points out skills training should be an integral training with theory penetration, and points out that it needs to reform from the training concept, training content system, improve the regulatory frame work and provide opportunities to practice and other aspects.

Polarized neutron imaging is an attractive method for visualizing magnetic fields in a bulk object or in free space. In this technique polarization of neutrons transmitted through a sample is analyzed position by position to produce an image of the polarization distribution. In particular, the combination of three-dimensional spin analysis and the use of a pulsed neutron beam is very effective for the quantitative evaluation of both field strength and direction by means of the analysis of the wavelength dependent polarization vector. Recently a new imaging instrument "RADEN" has been constructed at the beam line of BL22 of the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at J-PARC, which is dedicated to energy-resolved neutron imaging experiments. We have designed a polarization analysis apparatus for magnetic field imaging at the RADEN instrument and have evaluated its performance.