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Despite the great appeal of two-dimensional semiconductors for electronics and optoelectronics, to achieve the required charge carrier concentrations by means of chemical doping remains a challenge due to large defect ionization energies (IEs). Here, by decomposing the defect IEs into three parts based on ionization process, we propose a conceptual picture that the large defect IEs are caused by two effects of reduced dimensionality. While the quantum confinement effect makes the neutral single-electron point defect levels deep, the reduced screening effect leads to high energy cost for the electronic relaxation. The first-principles calculations for black phosphorus and MoS2 do demonstrate the general trend. Using BP monolayer either embedded into dielectric continuum or encapsulated between two hBN layers, we demonstrate the feasibility of increasing the screening to reduce the defect IEs. Our analysis is expected to help achieve effective carrier doping and open ways toward more extensive applications of 2D semiconductors.

To analyze the overall survival (OS) of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with oral arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder (青黄散, QHP) or low-intensity chemotherapy (LIC). Forty-two elderly AML patients treated with intravenous or subcutaneous LIC (1 month for each course, at least 3 courses) or oral QHP (3 months for each course, at least 2 courses) were retrospectively analyzed from January 2015 to December 2017. The main endpoints of analysis were OS and 1-, 2-, 3-year OS rates of patients, respectively. And the adverse reactions induding bone marrow suppression, digestive tract discomfort and myocardia injury were observed. Out of 42 elderly AML patients, 22 received LIC treatment and 20 received QHP treatment, according to patients’ preference. There was no significant difference on OS between LIC and QHP patients (13.0 months vs. 13.5 months, >0.05). There was no significant difference on OS rates between LIC and QHP groups at 1 year (59.1% vs. 70.0%), 2 years (13.6% vs. 15%), and 3 years (4.6% vs. 5.0%, all >0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference of OS on prognosis stratification of performance status > 2 (12 months vs. 12 months), age> 75 year-old (12.0 months vs. 12.5 months), hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index >2 (12 months vs. 13 months), poor cytogenetics (12 months vs. 8 months), and diagnosis of secondary AML (10 months vs. 14 months) between LIC and QHP patients (>0.05). QHP may be an alternative treatment for elderly AML patients refusing LIC therapy.

To investigate the relation of blood arsenic concentration (BAC) with clinical effect and safety of arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder (青黄散, QHP) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Totally 163 patients with MDS were orally treated with QHP for 2 courses of treatment, 3 months as 1 course. The BACs of patients were detected by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry at 1, 3, and 6 months during the treatment, and the effective rate, hematological improvement and safety in patients after treatment with QHP were analyzed. After 2 courses of treatment, the total effective rate was 89.6% (146/163), with 31.3% (51/163) of hematological improvement and 58.3% (95/163) of stable disease. The hemoglobin increased from 73.48 ± 19.30 g/L to 80.39 ± 26.56 g/L (P 0.05). Among 46 patients previously depended on blood transfusion, 28.3% (13/46) completely got rid of blood transfusion and 21.7% (10/46) reduced the volume of blood transfusion by more than 50% after treatment. The BACs were significantly increased in patients treated for 1 month with 32.17 ± 18.04 μ g/L (P 0.05). The adverse reactions of digestive tract during the treatment were mild abdominal pain and diarrhea in 14 cases (8.6%), and no patients discontinued the treatment. The BACs of patients with gastrointestinal adverse reactions were significantly lower than those without gastrointestinal adverse reactions (22.39 ± 10.38 vs. 37.89 ± 11.84, μ g/L, P

The karyotype is highly important for diagnosis and prognosis in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The objective of the present study was to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of patients with MDS in China. The karyotypes of 665 Chinese patients with MDS were analyzed, and it was identified that 298 cases (298/665, 44.8%) had abnormal karyotypes. Among the 298 patients with abnormal karyotypes, the 75 patients with trisomy 8 (+8) constituted the most common subset (75/298, 25.2%). The incidence of abnormal karyotypes was significantly higher in patients who were ≥51 years old compared with those

To explore the effect of Qinghuang Powder (QHP,(青黄散)combined with Bupi Yishen Decoction (BPYS, 补脾益肾方) on myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) and determine the change of DNA methylation in MDS-RCMD patients after the treatment of Chinese medicine formula. All 308 MDS-RCMD patients were treated with QHP combined with BPYS for 2 months at least, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (PLT), primitive bone marrow cells and chromosome karyotype were chosen as the main evaluation indexes to analyze the treatment effect according to criteria from the MDS International Working Group. Then 43 bone marrow samples from 15 MDS-RCMD patients and 28 healthy donors were obtained for the examination of DNA methylation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Pathway analysis were applied to analyze the methylation data. The overall MDS response rate to QHP was 61.68% (190/360) including hematologic improvement-neutrophil (HI-N) or hematologic improvement-erythroid (HI-E) or hematologic improvement-platelet (HI-P). Patients with anemia had a better response rate than patients with neutropenia or thrombocypenia (55.88% vs 31.54% or 55.88% vs. 36.9%). The DNA methylation microarray analysis disclosed that 4,257 hypermethylated genes were demethylated upon the treatment with QHP and BPYS. GO analysis and Pathway analysis showed that these demethylated genes were involved in a lot of tumor-related pathways and functions. QHP combined with BPYS could effectively treat MDS-RCMD patients through hematologic improvement (HI-N, HI-P or HI-E) and PLT and RBC transfusion independence due to the demethylation, thereby providing another choice for the treatment of patients with MDS-RCMD.

Qinghuang Powder (, QHP), an oral arsenic, has become an effective drug in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences for many years, and the action mechanism of the compound or active ingredient As2S2 of QHP has been elucidated. Considering the relatively safety, chemotherapy-free and convenient oral profile, QHP is widely used in the clinical treatment for MDS patients, especially for elderly patients. In this review, the authors document the efficacy and safety of oral arsenic-containing compound QHP in the treatment of MDS, with a special focus on the association of efficacy of QHP with the cytogenetics, prognostic risk, DNA methylation, gene mutation, blood arsenic concentration, mechanism of action of As2S2 and the countermeasures against adverse reactions of gastrointestinal tract.

The aim of this study was to develop a model that could be used to forecast the bleeding risk of ITP based on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. One hundred ITP patients were recruited to build a new predictive nomogram, another eighty-eight ITP patients were enrolled as validation cohort, and data were collected from January 2016 to January 2019. Four demographic characteristics and fifteen clinical characteristics were taken into account. Eleven cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, TNF-α and TGF-β) were used to study and the levels of them were detected by using a cytometric bead array (CBA) human inflammation kit. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to optimize feature selection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to build a new predictive nomogram based on the results of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regress ion model. The application of C-index, ROC curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analyses were used to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical practicability of the predictive model. Bootstrapping validation was used for testing and verifying the predictive model. After feature selection, cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-23 and TGF-β were excluded, cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, TGF-β, the count of PLT and the length of time of ITP were used as predictive factors in the predictive nomogram. The model showed good discrimination with a C-index of 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.73376–0.90 624) in training cohortn and 0.89 (95% CI 0.868, 0.902) in validation cohort, an AUC of 0.795 in training cohort, 0.94 in validation cohort and good calibration. A high C-index value of 0.66 was reached in the interval validation assessment. Decision curve analysis showed that the bleeding risk nomogram was clinically useful when intervention was decided at the possibility threshold of 16–84%. The bleeding risk model based on IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, TGF-β, the count of PLT and the length of time of ITP could be conveniently used to predict the bleeding risk of ITP.

Objective To measure the proportions of blood T cell subsets, Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, and Treg cells, and other parameters in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (CITP) before and after treatment with Yiqi Tongyang Decoction (益气通阳方, YTD) to explore T cell status of patients with CITP, and to define the mechanism of action of YTD.

In this paper, a new fault diagnosis method is proposed based on CFD technology in order to research the fault mechanism of mine axial fan. The method combined RANS equation and Realizable k-turbulence model realizes the three dimensional aerodynamic performance analysis of the fan impeller. Three-dimensional impeller model of axial fan was set up in three conditions which including normal, crack and blade loose, and comparing the turbulence characteristic of the three models. The research provides the theoretical basis for the fault mechanism of blade failure, and it has important reference value for fault diagnosis method based on CFD of mine axial fan.

Resuscitation with the early administration of plasma can improve the survival of patients undergoing surgery or trauma patients who require massive transfusion. To ascertain the optimal ratio of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to packed red blood cells (pRBCs) in massive transfusions, the records of 1,048 patients who received a massive transfusion at 20 hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were stratified into three groups according to the ratio of FFP to pRBCs. These were the low (

For mill gearbox fault detection problems, and puts forward combining support vector machine (SVM) and genetic algorithm, is applied to rolling mill gear box fault intelligent diagnosis methods. The choice of parameters of support vector machine (SVM) is a very important for the SVM performance evaluation factors. For the selection of structural parameters of support vector machine (SVM) with no theoretical support, select and difficult cases, in order to reduce the SVM in this respect, puts forward the genetic algorithm to optimize parameters, and the algorithm of the model is applied to rolling mill gear box in intelligent diagnosis, using the global searching property of genetic algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) of the optimal parameter values. Results showed that the suitable avoided into local solution optimization, the method to improve the diagnostic accuracy and is a very effective method of parameter optimization, and intelligent diagnosis for rolling mill gear box provides an effective method.

Aiming at the strong background noise involved in the signals of rolling bearing and the difficulty to extract fault feature in practice, a new fault diagnosis method is proposed based on Dual-tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) and AR power spectrum. Firstly, the non-stationary and complex vibration signal is decomposed into several different frequency band components through dual-tree complex wavelet decomposition; Secondly, Hilbert envelope is formed from the components which contains the fault information. Finally, the auto-power spectrum can be obtained by auto-regressive (AR) spectrum. The noise interference was eliminated effectively, and the effective signal information was retained at the same time. Thus, the fault feature information was extracted. In this paper, the fault test and the engineering practical fault data of rolling bearing were analyzed by dual-tree complex wavelet transform and AR power spectrum. The results show that the noise of the vibration signal was eliminated effectively, and the fault feature were extracted. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method were verified.

Magnetic memory test technology is a new nondestructive testing technique, which is able to detect of the stress concentration area and potential fault of low speed and heavy load gear. Because the magnetic memory signals are easy to be disturbed by various sources of noises, a new method based on the intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD) is proposed to achieve the extraction of magnetic memory signal. Firstly, the magnetic memory signals are decomposed into several proper rotation components (PRC) and a trend component by ITD. Then reconstruct the first four order PRCs to eliminate the low frequency cyclic composition of magnetic memory signal and magnetic noise. Finally, the magnetic signal strengths of each gear tooth root are extracted using cycle average and local statistic method. The results of Experiments show that the method is suitable to pick up effective ingredients of signal to extract signal feature and has important application value in potential fault diagnosis of low speed and heavy load gearbox.

Experimental study was made to raise the eligibility percentage of the fuel WTD valve flow test of X engine, thus advancing the reliability of fuel distribution of the WTD valve. The spring--valve housing matching test of this paper demonstrates that the eligibility percentage is dependent not only on the spring height, but also intimately on the geometrical regularity of gain slots and return holes. The height-variable spring--valve housing matching test of this paper testifies that the eligibility percentage of spring matching vs. height has the characteristic of normal distribution, with the pre-calculated height at the normal peak. Therefore, the spring design calculation method referenced in this paper is practicable and reliable. The valve flow test shows it is improper to decide whether a spring can be used or not just on one spring--one valve housing basis. A suitable way is to match one spring to at least two to three valve housings in order to raise productivity and application of reliable springs.

Objective To observe the clinical effectiveness of Qinghuang Powder (青黄散, QHP) combined with Bupi Yishen Decoction (补脾益肾汤, BPYS) in treating myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and its relationship with France, America, and Britain (FAB) type, international prognosis scaling system (IPSS) risk, and chromosome karyotype.

Construction of a real estate project is close to one side of the metro station which has finished main structure building. The diagram of the metro station is used as supporting during the excavation of the pit of the real estate project, which will result in the one side unloading of the metro station. Bearing the unbalanced soil pressure, the metro station will have additional deformation and internal force. During the pit design, the additional deformation and internal force is analyzed for every step of the excavation. And the additional force is superimposed with the original force of the metro station to calculate the final internal force of the metro station. By adjusting the design parameters of the pit, the safety of the metro station is evaluated.

As the energy distribution in each frequency band of rolling bearing acoustic emission (AE) signal is related to its fault type, so we can use the harmonic wavelet packet to decompose the rolling bearing AE signal of different fault into different frequency band, combine energy in each frequency band together to be a feature vector of the Support Vector Machines (SVM), then being applied to identify the fault through SVM. This paper also compared the Harmonic wavelet packet and Daubechies wavelet packet as well as the SVM and neural networks. The experimental result shows that for the fault pattern identification, the method that combines harmonic wavelet packet decomposition and SVM together can be effective.

To test the role of the Beclin 1-dependent autophagy pathway in brain damage during cerebral ischemia.Focal cerebral ischemia was established in rats using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. A lentiviral vector-associated RNA interference (RNAi) system was stereotaxically injected into the ipsilateral lateral ventricle to reduce Beclin1 expression. We measured the ipsilateral infarct volume, autophagosome formation, neurogenesis and apoptosis, all of which could be modulated by Beclin1 RNAi.On the 14th day after MCAO, Beclin1 downregulation by RNAi increased the population of neural progenitor cells (BrdU(+)-DCX(+)), newborn immature cells (BrdU(+)-Tuj-1(+)) and mature neurons (BrdU(+)-MAP-2(+)), and reduced the apoptosis of immature neurons (caspase-3(+)-DCX(+) and caspase-3(+)-Tuj-1(+)) surrounding the ischemic core of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated downregulation of Beclin1 decreased infarct volume and inhibited histological injury and neurological deficits.RNAi-mediated downregulation of Beclin1 improves outcomes after transient MCAO.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2009) 30: 919-927; doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.79.

To observe the clinical efficacy of Chinese drugs combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to investigate the prognostic relevance of the main parameters in AML treated with integrative medicine.Forty AML patients hospitalized at the authors hospital were treated with Chinese drugs and chemotherapy. The routine examination, immunophenotype and karyotype analyses were carried out. The clinical efficacy was observed and the prognostic factors were analyzed.(1) Clinical efficacy: Twenty patients had complete remission (CR), with the CR rate being 50.0%. Among these patients, the CR rate was 73.9% (17/23) in de novo AML and 17.6% (3/17) in secondary or refractory AML, respectively. The median disease free survival (DFS) was 6 months (2-32 months) and median overall survival (OS) was 7 months (1-36 months). (2) Analysis of prognostic factors: Aging (60 years) and hepatosplenomegaly or extramedullary leukemia did not affect the treatment outcome. Patients with lower white blood cell (WBC) counts (4.0x10(9)/L) had a significantly higher CR rate (P0.01). Secondary or refractory AML was associated with a lower CR rate and shorter OS (P0.01,P0.05). Expression of CD34 was an adverse factor for obtaining CR (P0.05) and survival in both DFS and OS (P0.05,P0.01). The expression of CD56 was significantly associated with a lower CR rate (P0.05), but did not affect DFS and OS. Twenty-three (57.5%) out of 40 cases had chromosomal abnormalities. The CR rate was decreased and both DFS and OS shortened stepwise from the cases with favorable cytogenetics to those with intermediate and unfavorable cytogenetics (P0.01).The combined treatment of Chinese drugs with chemotherapy has a predominant effect in de novo AML. Secondary or refractory AML, expression of CD34 and CD56, and unfavorable cytogenetics were the main factors of poor prognosis in AML.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Panax quinquefolium saponin (PQS) is the active component extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Panax quinquefolius L. and has been widely used as a supplement to dual antiplatelet drugs (DA) for treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) for two decades; however, the efficacy of PQS combined with DA against platelet adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs), an essential step in thrombosis, remains unclear. Aim of the study To compare PQS combined with DA and DA alone in inhibiting platelet adhesion to injured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to explore the possible mechanisms focusing on PI3K/AKT, COX-2/6-keto-PGF 1α , and COX-1/TXB 2 pathways. Methods HUVECs injured by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were randomly allocated into control, model, DA, PQS+DA (P+DA), LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor)+DA (L+DA), and LY294002+PQS+DA (LP+DA) groups. HUVEC apoptosis, platelet adhesion to injured HUVECs, and platelet CD62p expression were assayed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The concentrations of 6-keto-PGF 1α and TXB 2 in the supernatant were measured by radioimmunoassay. Protein expression of phosphorylated-PI3K, PI3K, phosphorylated-AKT, AKT, COX-1, and COX-2 in both platelets and HUVECs was evaluated by western blot. Results Compared to DA alone, PQS combined with DA reduced platelet adhesion to HUVECs and HUVEC apoptosis more potently, increased the concentration of supernatant 6-keto-PGF 1α and up-regulated phospho-AKT protein in HUVECs. LY294002 mitigated the effects of PQS on HUVEC apoptosis and platelet adhesion. Conclusions These findings show that PQS as a powerful supplement to DA, attenuated HUVEC apoptosis and improved the DA-mediated reduction of platelet adhesion to injured HUVECs and the underlying mechanisms may be associated with PI3K/AKT and COX pathways in HUVECs and platelets. PQS might provide a new complementary approach to improve the prognosis of thrombotic diseases in future.

Microgrid is an effective means to integrate distributed generations and manage their power flows. Since the high penetration rate of DGs in microgrid and its capability to operate in grid-connected mode or islanded mode, the fault patterns of microgrid are not that obvious as those shown in the traditional low voltage distributed networks. Thus an extensive knowledge of fault transient characteristics is beneficial to design effective protection schemes for microgrid. Since conventional methods have difficulties in analyzing transient signals, discrete wavelet transform is employed in this paper to identify fault patterns from fault current/voltage signals. Aiming to provide a solution to the problems arise from applying wavelet in microgrid with short line segments, this paper proposed an improved wavelet transform method that using Daubechies complex wavelet with cubic spline interpolation. A modified benchmark microgrid network is modeled in Matlab/Simulink to verify the proposed method. Four types of fault cases in bus-bar and feeder are investigated respectively, and the simulation results indicate the unique fault patterns in the form of modulus maxima and wavelet energy.

To explore the significance of platelet activation (PA) in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UA) and the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu pill (XZP, a Chinese composite recipe) on it, by way of determining platelet membrane glycoprotein CD62P, CD41/CD45 expressions in whole blood of healthy persons and UA patients. XZP was given orally to 45 UA patients for 2 weeks. Their expressions of CD62P and CD41/CD45 in peripheral blood were determined before and after treatment by whole blood flow cytometry with special marked antibody, and compared with those in 10 healthy persons of the same age as a normal control group. Amount of expressions of CD62P and CD41/CD45 (FC%) in UA patients before treatment were 24. 22±7. 92 and 25. 89±8.10 respectively, all higher than those in the control group (P 0.05) . Platelet adhesion rate reduced significantly (P

This study aimed to explore the correlation between red blood cell (RBC) transfusion volume and patient mortality in massive blood transfusion. A multicenter retrospective study was carried out on 1,601 surgical inpatients who received massive blood transfusion in 20 large comprehensive hospitals in China. According to RBC transfusion volume and duration, the patients were divided into groups as follows: 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–39 and ≥40 units within 24 or 72 h. Mortality in patients with different RBC transfusion volumes was analyzed. It was found that patient mortality increased with the increase in the volume of RBC transfusion when the total RBC transfusion volume was ≥10 units within 24 or 72 h. Survival analysis revealed significant differences in mortality according to the RBC transfusion volume (χ2=72.857, P

To compare PQS combined with DA and DA alone in inhibiting platelet adhesion to injured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to explore the possible mechanisms focusing on PI3K/AKT, COX-2/6-keto-PGF1α, and COX-1/TXB2 pathways. HUVECs injured by oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox

Aim of the study Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM, also known as DanShen) is one of the well-known widely-used Chinese herbal medicines in clinical practice. In this study we aimed to demonstrate the pro-angiogenic effects of Salvianolic acids (SAs) to treat illnesses such as ischemic cardiovascular diseases, the main active components of aqueous extract of SM. Materials and methods To do this, new-born rat spleen mononuclear cells were isolated and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were expanded (not more than 24 h) SD. Then the pro-angiogenic activities of SAs were evaluated on in vitro cultured EPCs and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. And the adherent cells were stained with DiI complexed acetylated low-density lipoprotein (DiI-acLDL) and fluorescein Ulex Europaeus agglutinin-1 (FITC-UEA-1), and then viewed by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) to confirm EPCs lineage. EPCs identification was also tested by ultrastructural analyses. EPCs proliferation, migration and in vitro vasculogenesis activity were assayed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, transwell chamber assay and in vitro vasculogenesis kit, respectively. EPCs adhesion assay was performed by replating those on fibronectin-coated dishes, and then counting adherent cells. Results EPCs phenotype was confirmed by the presence of double positive cells for DiI-acLDL uptake and lectin binding and identification of Weibel–Palade body in cytoplasm by ultrastructural analyses. Incubation of EPCs with SAs increased the number of EPCs and promoted EPCs migratory, adhesive and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity. SAs also promoted angiogenesis as evidenced by CAM model. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that SAs may have utility for therapeutic postnatal vasculogenesis of ischemic tissue, contributing to the clinical benefit of SM therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.

Based on the influence of road operation safety under atrocious weather, a risk assessment research is presented from four aspects (i.e. climate environment, road condition, traffic environment, road maintenance and repair) to analyze the risk grade of road facilities operation environment. According to the operation environment analysis, the paper establishes a set of evaluation indexes and evaluation criterion for risk assessment of road operation environment. At the end, the lowest evaluative criterion of road operation environment is given to improve the design of road facilities and intensify operation environment safety of basic road facilities.