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This paper describes the implementation of four-dimensional building information modelling and its associated visualisation benefits during construction of the £1 billion Tottenham Court Road station redevelopment project in central London. It explains how a construction model was developed from design models and then linked to the construction programme; and how the model was subsequently maintained during the construction stage and shared within the project team for coordination, planning, logistics, phasing and studies for specific areas.

A general numerical approach is developed to simulate the failure process of structure or heterogeneous material, in which different local failure models are defined for different structures and materials to describe the failure of structure joint or material element. A two-parameter Weibull distribution is employed to produce the initial heterogeneity of material, i.e., the Young modulus and the failure strain. An appropriate elastic-plastic constitutive relation with failure strain value is used to describe the material behavior and failure in elements.