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The survival rate of patients with severe burn is positively associated with increasing the incidence of the Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI). The surviving rate of severe burn patients now has an improved but the incidence of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) has been continues increasing during recent two decades. This study assessed the molecular typing and phenotypic characterization isolates of C. difficile in burn patients with diarrhea, as well as environmental and skin infections with C. difficile spores at a referral burn hospital in Isfahan, Iran. It mainly aimed to evaluate the dominant bacterial structure in the gut microbiome of burned subjects with and without CDI.In general, 309 samples were collected from 189 burned patients with hospital-acquired diarrhea and 120 swabs were collected from the healthcare workers' dominant hands, different sites of patients' skin, and medical tools. In addition, C. difficile isolates were characterized considering the existence of antibiotic resistance and toxin genes. Clinical cultures with identification of organisms and antibiotic susceptibility were done. C. difficle isolates were then genotyped and compared to clinical outcomes. Finally, the clinical characteristics of the participants were gathered through their records, and the bacterial targets of the gut microbiome were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Based on the findings, 51 C. difficile isolates were detected from 189 severe burn patients hospitalized in the hospital. Further, PCR amplification tcdB and tcdA showed 23 isolates (12.2%) as toxigenic. Overall, 18.3% (22/120) of skin and environment samples demonstrated a positive result for C. difficile colonization. A low concentration of metronidazole and vancomycin (MIC90, 0.5, and 1.2 mg/L) inhibited all toxigenic C. difficile strains. Moreover, these isolates represented the highest rates of resistance to moxifloxacin and clindamycin (MIC90, 0.5, and 1.6 mg/L). A significantly reduced abundance of Clostridium spp., Bacteroidetes, and Bifidobacterium and an increase in the quantity of Firmicutes was observed in the gastrointestinal microbiome of burn patients (P 0.01). Burn patients with CDI showed a significant decrease in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) while higher Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) loads in comparison with healthy controls (P 0.001 and P 0.05). Contrarily, burned cases displayed increased levels of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria including the members of Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli (P 0.05).Despite appropriate infection control strategies in the burn intensive care unit, CDI remains prevalent in severe burn patients. Eventually, the overgrowth of A. muciniphila and the decreased abundance of F. prausnitzii in burn cases with CDI could be potential predictive microbiome biomarkers in burned patients.

Introduction: Pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing plays a critical role in determining the appropriate treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. We conducted a systematic revie...

A novel inverter-based digital floating-gate MOSFET sensor design for commercial X-ray dosimetry is presented. The biomedical healthcare industry sterilizes blood products for storage purposes using Gamma and X-ray radiations. This requires an ultra-low-power dosimeter that ensures irradiation does not exceed the maximum allowable 50 Gy while providing the required minimum levels of 25 Gy. In this work, minimum-sized MOS transistor devices are employed in an inverter configuration, eliminating the continuous flow of current and reducing power consumption significantly. Maximum measured currents, which flow only during the transition period, are in the nA range, compared to continuous currents of conventional sensor designs in the μA range. Final measured results show the viability of the proposed design for radiation dosimetry applications.

Whole-wheat can have positive effect on blood parameters, such as blood sugar and fat profiles, in patients with diabetic. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of whole-wheat breads on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study population included men and women with T2D aged 30 years old and over in Arak, Iran. Using random sampling method, 60 patients with T2D were selected and randomly divided into control and intervention groups. After taking blood samples from the patients, the intervention group was administered 180 g of wholegrain wheat for 12 weeks. The participants were asked not to change their diets and amounts of physical activity during the study period. After 12 weeks, blood samples were taken and insulin resistance indexes, blood glucose levels, and lipid profiles were examined. The results indicated that consumption of whole-wheat bread for 12 weeks can significantly reduce body weight, and HbA1c, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels (P0.05). As consumption of whole-wheat bread has positive effects on control of various physical and biochemical indictors in patients with diabetes, its consumption should be included in educational programs at health centers across the country.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) makes the heart vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Angiotensin (Ang) (1-7) is recognized as a cardioprotective peptide. We investigated the effect of polyphenol resveratrol on myocardial IR injury after hypertrophy and examined cardiac content of Ang (1-7) and transcription of its receptor (MasR). Rats were divided into sham-operated, LVH, IR, LVH + IR, and resveratrol + LVH + IR groups. Myocardial hypertrophy and IR models were created by abdominal aortic banding and left coronary artery occlusion, respectively. To evaluate the electrocardiogram parameters and incidence of arrhythmias, electrocardiogram was recorded by subcutaneous leads (lead II). Blood pressure was measured through the left carotid artery. Infarct size was determined by the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The Ang (1-7) level was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The Mas receptor mRNA level was assessed by the real-time real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. QT-interval duration, infarct size, and incidence of ischemia-induced arrhythmia were significantly higher in the LVH + IR group. However, in the resveratrol-treated group, these parameters were decreased significantly. The cardiac level of Ang (1-7) was decreased in untreated hypertrophied hearts (LVH and LVH + IR groups). Pretreatment with resveratrol normalized the cardiac level of Ang (1-7). The mRNA level of Mas receptor was increased in all of hypertrophied hearts in the presence or absence of resveratrol. Resveratrol can decrease IR injury in rats with LVH. The anti-ischemic effect of resveratrol may be related to the enhancement of Ang (1-7)/MasR axis.

PGC‐1α/FNDC5/BDNF has found to be a critical pathway in neurodegeneration. MicroRNAs (miR(NA)s) are non‐coding regulatory RNAs whose dysregulation has been observed in multiple neurological disorders, and miRNA‐mediated gene deregulation plays a decisive role in PD. Here, candidate miRNA was chosen based on the literature survey and in silico studies. Chronic and acute models of PD were created using MPP+‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells. Twenty PD patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited. RT‐qPCR was performed to assess the expression of miRNA and genes. Severe mitochondrial dysfunction induced by acute MPP+ treatment instigated compensatory mechanisms through enhancing expression of PGC‐1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway genes, while chronic MPP+ toxicity led to down‐regulated levels of the genes in SH‐SY5Y cells. PD peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) also showed decreased expression of target genes. There were significant changes in the level of miR‐193b in both models, as well as PD PBMCs. Moreover, miR‐193b overexpression significantly affected PGC‐1α, FNDC5 and TFAM levels. Interestingly, down‐regulations of PGC‐1α, FNDC5, BDNF and TFAM were inversely correlated with miR‐193b up‐regulation in PD PBMCs. This study showed the deregulation of PGC‐1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway in PD models and PBMCs, verifying its importance in neurodegeneration. Our findings also revealed that miR‐193b functions in PD development, possibly through regulating PGC‐1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway, suggesting miR‐193b as a potential biomarker for PD diagnosis.

Background The study aimed at evaluating steroid biomarker genes (ERα, PGR, ERβ) and determining the expression level of estrogen-regulated genes (SCUB2 and BCL2) and growth factors receptors (HER2 and IGFR1) in cancer tissue samples obtained from Iranian patients with breast cancer. Moreover, relationships with clinicopathologic aspects of tumor and response to treatment were studied. Methods The current study was conducted on 246 breast tissue samples. The expression levels of these genes and their relationships with clinicopathologic aspects and treatment response were evaluated. Results Based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, 12% of the ER negative patients expressed ERα. Comparing the effects of ERα and coexpression of BCL2 and SCUBE2 on the survival of the patients demonstrated remarkably poorer survival in ERα positive, SCUBE2, and BCL2 negative groups in comparison with other patients, which was statistically significant in the log-rank analysis (P = 0.01). Evaluation of the effects of coexpression of HER2 and IGFR1 on patients' survival demonstrated a worse survival rate in patients with positive expression of both receptors, which was insignificant. Conclusion Many studies suggest that PGR alone is not enough for the functional evaluation of ERα. Evaluation of the progesterone receptor expression as well as other genes such as BLC2, SCUBE2, and IGFR1, seems necessary to evaluate functionality.

Introduction: Recently, toothpastes containing herbal antimicrobial ingredients have gained popularity due to their reduced side effects. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of two herbal toothpastes and a nonherbal type on pathogens responsible for caries and periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: Full and 1:3 concentrations of two herbal toothpastes (Himalaya® and Herbex®) and a nonherbal type as the positive control (Crest® cavity protection) were prepared. Sterile distilled water was considered as the negative control. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) were cultivated on agar plates and incubated after adding toothpaste preparations. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured in millimeters. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey Post-hoc tests were applied at P < 0.05. Results: The mean margin diameter was higher in full concentration than the diluted 1:3 formula for all examined toothpastes (P < 0.001). All three toothpaste types exerted a significant antimicrobial effect compared to the negative control (P < 0.05). The antimicrobial effect of Herbex® on S. sobrinus was significantly lower than the positive control, and it was significantly less effective against S. mutans compared to Himalaya (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the efficacy of Himalaya® on L. casei and A.a was significantly lower than the positive control (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in other pair comparisons. Conclusion: Considering the observed efficacy of herbal toothpastes against cariogenic bacteria and periopathogens, they potentially qualify as complementary agents for self-care oral hygiene procedures.

This study aims to investigate the frequency and severity of vocal tract discomfort (VTD) symptoms and to determine the relationship between VTD and type of thyroidectomy, voice problem history, vocal abuse, and misuse behaviors, and the voice handicap index (VHI) in the thyroidectomy patients undergoing thyroidectomy, pre- and post-operatively pre- and post-thyroidectomy.The sample comprised 21 thyroidectomy patients undergoing thyroidectomy, including 10 patients with total thyroidectomy and 11 patients with partial thyroidectomy. The participants underwent videolaryngoscopy examination and completed the voice history questionnaire, the VTD scale, and the VHI, before and after the surgery.Dryness was the most frequently occurring symptom, pre- and post-thyroidectomy. Participants with total thyroidectomy reported significantly higher frequency and severity of tickling than those in the preoperative status (An increment in the frequency and severity of tickling was reported by total thyroidectomy patients, post-thyroidectomy post-operatively. The type of thyroidectomy, voice problem history, and vocal abuse and misuse behaviors seem to influence the frequency and severity of VTD. Considering the correlation between VTD and VHI, the VTD scale provides important clinical information and can be used for evaluation and consultation purposes.

Background and Aim: Root canal preparation with systems with the least chance of dentin cracking can increase the success of endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare the One-Shape and XP-endo Shaper rotary files in the dentin crack incidence in the mesiobuccal canals of mandibular first molars. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 60 eligible extracted mandibular first molars were randomly divided into three groups. The roots were prepared to #30 and 4% taper in the XP-endo Shaper group and #25 and 6% taper in the One-Shape group. The control samples were left intact. All groups were sectioned at 2, 4, and 6mm from the apex and examined under a stereomicroscope at 20× magnification. The incidence, location, and type of cracks were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: There were no cracks in the controls. The crack percentage was 23.33% (n=14) and 11.66% (n=7) in the One-Shape and XP-endo Shaper groups, respectively, with a significant difference with crack-fee samples. There was no significant difference between One-Shape and XP-endo Shaper systems in the three sections (P>0.05). In the 2mm section, cracks were observed in six sections (10%) with One-Shape and four sections (20%) with XP-endo Shaper. In the 4mm section, cracks were observed in one section (5%) with One-Shape and five sections (25%) with XP-endo Shaper. In the 6mm section, cracks were observed in seven sections (35%) with One-Shape and one section (5%) with XP-endo Shaper. Conclusion: The One-Shape and XP-endo Shaper systems were similar in crack incidence in the mesiobuccal canal of mandibular first molars.

Objectives Melatonin induces human stem cells, converts pre-osteoblasts to mature osteoblasts, and reduces the duration of this transition. However, melatonin itself prevents activation of osteoclasts. Here, we evaluate the role of melatonin in prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Materials and methods In this experimental-interventional study, 30 rats were evaluated in 3 groups. The first and second groups received saline and zoledronic acid, respectively, for 4 weeks and the third group received 4 weeks of zoledronic acid and 3 weeks of melatonin simultaneously. Firstright- maxillary-molar extraction was performed for all animals, which were sacrificed after 4 weeks of recovery. The extraction sockets were examined histologically for the presence of osteonecrosis, number of osteoclasts and fibroblasts, severity of inflammation, and vascularization. Data were analyzed by chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's exact statistical tests (α=0.05). Results Osteonecrosis was observed in 20%, 90%, and 70% of the first, second and third groups, respectively (P=0.008). The lowest number of osteoclasts and fibroblasts was seen in the third group. Conclusion Melatonin may effectively prevent some undesirable side effects of bisphosphonates. However, further studies are required to confirm the results of this study.

Background: Previous studies have provided conflicting evidence implicating the IL-13 polymorphism and pediatric asthma. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to combine and analyze the available studies to provide more accurate conclusions. Methods: A comprehensive retrieval in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI was performed up to February 05, 2020. Results: A total of 39 case-control studies including 15 studies with 4,968 cases and 7,091 controls were on +1923 C > T, ten studies with 3,175 cases and 2,983 controls on -1112 C > T, and 14 studies with 4,476 cases and 5,121 controls on +2044 A > G were selected. Pooled data showed that the IL-13 + 1923 C > T, -1112 C > T and +2044 A > G polymorphisms were significantly associated with risk of pediatric asthma. The IL-13 + 1923 C > T (Asians and Africans), -1112 C > T (Caucasians) and +2044 A > G (Asians) polymorphisms were more frequently associated in these ethnic groups. Conclusions: Our pooled data indicated that IL-13 + 1923 C > T, -1112 C > T and +2044 A > G polymorphisms were correlated with risk of pediatric asthma.

Background Systemic inflammation is emerging as an important factor in the etiology of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, the inflammatory potential of the diet may also be an etiological factor for these conditions, and this may be estimated by calculating the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) score. We aimed to investigate the association between DII score and incidence of depression and anxiety among a representative sample in northeastern Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study undertook in a sub-sample of 7083 adults aged 35 to 65 years recruited as part of Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study population, and after excluding subjects with incomplete data. All participants completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and a validated 65-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between DII score and depression/anxiety score. Results Of the study participants, 37.1% (n = 2631) were found to have mild to severe depression, and 50.5% (n = 3580) were affected by mild to severe anxiety. After adjusting for confounding factors, in women, the third (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06–1.88, p-valuesp-values Conclusion There was a significant association between DII score and severe depression among women but not men in this Iranian population. In order to confirm the association between DII food score, depression, and anxiety, further research is required in different populations, and perhaps an intervention study.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Impaired mitochondrial function is a major feature of sporadic PD. Some susceptibility or causative genes detected in PD are strongly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction including PGC1α, TFAM and GSK3β. microRNAs (miRNAs) are non‐coding RNAs whose altered levels are proven in disparate PD models and human brains. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect modulations of miRs upstream of PGC1α, TFAM and GSK3β in association with PD onset and progress. In this study, a total of 33 PD subjects and 25 healthy volunteers were recruited. Candidate miRNA (miR‐376a) was selected through target prediction tools and literature survey. Chronic and acute in vitro PD models were created by MPP+‐intoxicated SHSY5Y cells. The levels of miR‐376a and aforementioned genes were assessed by RT‐qPCR. The expression of target genes was decreased in chronic model while there were dramatically up‐regulated levels of those genes in acute model of PD. miR‐376a was strongly altered in both acute and chronic PD models as well as PBMCs of PD patients. Our results also showed overexpression of PGC1α, and TFAM in PBMCs is inversely correlated with down‐regulation of miR‐376a, suggesting that miR‐376a possibly has an impact on PD pathogenesis through regulation of these genes which are involved in mitochondrial function. miR‐376a expression in PD‐derived PBMCs was also correlated with disease severity and may serve as a potential biomarker for PD diagnosis. This is the first study showing altered levels of miR‐376a in PD models and PBMCs, suggesting the probable role of this miRNA in PD pathogenesis. The present study also proposed TFAM and PGC1α as target genes of miR‐376a for the first time, through which it possibly can exert its impact on PD pathogenesis.

Urban architects and designers have been trying to create life in the public space for many years. One way to make space dynamic is to consider socialization. Public space requires socialization and require people to be present in the environment. This study identifies the way to socialization by creating a sense of belonging in space, by exploring a sense of belonging in space; he improve the quality of public space. It expresses a sense of belonging to individual needs such as introverted and extroverted traits. This research starts its work by basic question that they are looking in public space. The purpose of this study is to investigate the concepts of introversion and extroversion as factors affecting the quality of public space. After reviewing these studies, criteria and principles for the socialization of public spaces are outlined. The results of the authors' studies showed that to create a space for personality needs, one should have space with approaches such as: Space for energy depletion, space, diversity in the environment and high quality of space for long-term use. Space tranquility for group activities are also essential. And for designers who value the perpetuation of identity and, these components offer design solutions.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency may accelerate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The association of vitamin D with hyperglycemia may be influenced by lifestyle. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D status and hyperglycemia among the workers’ population. METHODS: This was a medical records review of 7054 Iranian factory workers participating in an annual health check-up for employees. Of those, potential participants were included in this analysis if data for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels were also available. RESULTS: Data of 429 male participants were used for this analysis. Of those, 61.07% had serum 25(OH)D concentrations lower than the sufficient level [≥20 ng/ml]. Hyperglycemic participants had significantly lower 25(OH)D than those with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG). Regression analyses highlighted serum 25(OH)D as a significant determinant of hyperglycemia [OR: 0.943(0.901, 988); p = 0.01]. The association between 25(OH)D and FBG remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders (p = 0.008). Using the ROC analysis, the serum 25(OH)D value of 14.7 ng/ml was the optimal cut-off point to predict hyperglycemia in this population (sensitivity: 63.6%, specificity: 62.3%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results revealed a considerable proportion of participants with serum 25(OH)D below the optimal level as well as a significant inverse association between vitamin D status and hyperglycemia among the factory workers. These findings highlight the importance of including the evaluation of vitamin D status as a part of annual health examinations for employees, and may help health policy- makers prevent or delay type 2 diabetes mellitus among the workers’ population.

Study objective We sought to determine the ability of lung point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) to predict mechanical ventilation and in‐hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Methods This was a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of patients with confirmed COVID‐19 presenting to 2 tertiary hospital emergency departments (EDs) in Iran between March and April 2020. An emergency physician attending sonographer performed a 12‐zone bilateral lung ultrasound in all patients. Research associates followed the patients on their clinical course. We determined the frequency of positive POCUS findings, the geographic distribution of lung involvement, and lung severity scores. We used multivariable logistic regression to associate lung POCUS findings with clinical outcomes. Results A total of 125 patients with COVID‐like symptoms were included, including 109 with confirmed COVID‐19. Among the included patients, 33 (30.3%) patients were intubated, and in‐hospital mortality was reported in 19 (17.4%). Lung POCUS findings included pleural thickening 95.4%, B‐lines 90.8%, subpleural consolidation 86.2%, consolidation 46.8%, effusions 19.3%, and atelectasis 18.3%. Multivariable logistic regression incorporating binary and scored POCUS findings were able to identify those at highest risk for need of mechanical ventilation (area under the curve 0.80) and in‐hospital mortality (area under the curve 0.87). In the binary model ultrasound (US) findings in the anterior lung fields were significantly associated with a need for intubation and mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR] 3.67; 0.62–21.6). There was an inverse relationship between mortality and posterior lung field involvement (OR 0.05; 0.01–0.23; and scored OR of 0.57; 0.40–0.82). Anterior lung field involvement was not associated with mortality. Conclusions In patients with COVID‐19, the anatomic distribution of findings on lung ultrasound is associated with outcomes. Lung POCUS‐based models may help clinicians to identify those patients with COVID‐19 at risk for clinical deterioration. Key Words: COVID‐19; Lung Ultrasound; Mechanical ventilation; Prediction; ICU admission; Mortality; Clinical outcome; Risk stratification; Diagnostic accuracy

Introduction: This study assessed the effect of apical size and taper on the efficacy of root canal disinfection with LED photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to irrigation with sodium hypochlorite. Methods: A total of 126 extracted human mandibular molars were divided into 4 groups. The mesiobuccal canal was prepared to size 25/4% in group 1, 25/6% in group 2, 30/4% in group 3, and 30/6% in group 4 using the iRaCe rotary system. A 21-day Enterococcus faecalis biofilm was prepared and used for inoculation of the canals. Each group was randomly divided into 3 subgroups for canal disinfection with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite plus LED PDT and saline (positive control). Samples from the root canals were obtained with rotary files and cultured. Microbiologic data were analyzed using the Poisson regression test. Results: The bacterial count significantly decreased following disinfection with sodium hypochlorite with/without PDT in all sizes and tapers of preparation compared with the control group (P0.05). However, the apical size and PDT had a significant effect on the number of residual bacteria (P

In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the genetic variant of rs696217-ghrelin and fasted lipid profile, indices of obesity, and environmental parameters. Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMs-PCR) was used for genotyping 1118 individuals recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) cohort study. The interaction between the presence of the genetic variant of rs696217-ghrelin and nutritional intake and other major determinants of obesity and lipid profile was examined in the MASHAD study population. Individuals with the TT genotype at the locus had the lowest prevalence of obesity compared to other genotypes among the individuals. No significant relationship was found between the two groups regarding the lipid profile and TT genotype. Furthermore, no significant association was found between dietary intake and the genetic variant of rs696217-ghrelin in the population under study. Individuals with a TT or GT genotype appear to be at a higher risk of obesity, compared to those with a GG genotype. The results of the current study revealed a significant association between the genetic variant of rs696217-ghrelin and obesity; however, this gene did not correlate with the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia in the Iranian population.

Disorders of sex development (DSD) are a wide-ranging group of complex conditions that influence chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic sex. The prevalence of DSD is very low, but affected patients deserve individualized management to improve psychological, sexual, and reproductive outcomes. This review aims to clarify the fertility potential of DSD patients who can be reared as females and their chance of becoming pregnant, especially using assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Due to the effects of DSD on internal and external genital organs, these conditions result in varying degrees of fertility potential. Fertility rate depends on the phenotype and is inversely related to the severity of the disorder. Reproductive endocrinologists and infertility specialists must be considered active partners of the interdisciplinary treatment team. With current advances in ART, pregnancy is more achievable in patients who were considered infertile at first glance. Due to the complexity of the medical management in DSD patients, more studies should be conducted to conclusively suggest the best choice for improving their fertility potential.Abbreviations: AIS: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome; AMH: Anti-Mullerian Hormone; ART: Assisted Reproductive Technology; ASRM: American Society for Reproductive Medicine; CAH: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia; CAIS: Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome; DHT: Dihydrotestosterone; DSD: Disorders of Sexual Development; FSH: Follicle Stimulating Hormone; GD: Gonadal Dysgenesis; ICSI: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection; IUGR: Intrauterine Growth Restriction; IVF: In Vitro Fertilization; IVF-ET: IVF and Embryo Transfer; LH: Luteinizing Hormone; MGD: Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis; MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; MRKH: Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser; US: Ultrasonography; HSG: Hysterosalpingography; PAIS: Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome; PGD: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis; POR: P450 Oxidoreductase; PROM: Premature Rupture of Membranes; TS: Turner Syndrome; 17β-HSD III: 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase III; 21-OHD: 21-hydroxylase deficiency; 5α-RD-2: 5α-reductase-2.

OBJECTIVE Different studies on normal children and children with a sensory or intellectual disability indicate a strong correlation between the child's vocabulary domain and his cognitive abilities. Based on this, the main focus of the present study was to investigate the cognitive performance of cochlear-implanted children after a cognition-based language intervention program. METHODS In this experimental study, 60 cochlear-implanted children were selected and randomly allocated into case and control groups. The control group received auditory verbal therapy (AVT), while the intervention group was trained by using both AVT and a language intervention protocol that was recently developed by the authors. Finally, the participants' communication abilities were assessed through the adapted version of the language subtest of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - Third Edition (BSID 3). Five months later, the cognitive subtest was carried out. The data gathered were then analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS The study was performed on 2 groups of 20- to 24-month-old cochlear implant users, and our results confirmed a high correlation between language acquisition and cognitive development (r = 0.76). In addition, the cognitive and language performance of the participants who were trained by the new and specifically designed language intervention protocol as well as AVT was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSION The new and specifically designed language intervention protocol that was mainly established based on cognitive factors such as attention and semantic memory enhancement in cochlear-implanted children improved not only their language acquisition but also their cognitive development.

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease is a common gastrointestinal autoimmune disorder. Studies have shown that the prevalence of tooth decay is high in patients with celiac disease. This study was performed to evaluate the serology of celiac disease in children with dental caries. METHODS: Children aged 3 to 12 years who referred to the dental clinic with enamel caries were included in the study. Celiac disease was assessed by measuring serum IgA levels and anti-TTG (Anti TTG (IgA)) antibodies. Then, by analyzing the collected data, the prevalence of celiac disease in children with dental caries and its relationship with various variables were investigated. RESULTS: 120 children, 56 girls (46.7%) and 64 boys (53.3%) with dental caries were involved in this study. The positive celiac serology rate of studied population was 14 (11.6%). Based on the results of this study, a significant relationship was obtained between maternal education, sex and place of residence and celiac disease (p< 0.05). There were no significant relationships between celiac positive serology in children with dental caries, the number of decayed teeth, and breastfeeding (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that dental caries, might be a red flag indicating possible celiac disease and prevent its complications. On the other hand, pediatricians and dentists should be aware of the oral symptoms of celiac disease. Further studies are needed to plan screening for children with celiac disease.

Background: Despite the traditional use of the Adiantum capillus-veneris plant, there is little evidence of its clinical effects. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the Adiantum capillus-veneris extract on Immunohistochemical expression of Lung heat-Shock Proteins in rats exposed to hypoxia. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats (control: 8, training-hypoxia: 8, training-hypoxia-supplement: 8) without clinically evident disease were used. The rats were exposed to hypoxia environment for 3 week following 6 weeks interval training. Tweleve of the experimental samples were taken 500 ml Adiantum capillus-veneris extract per body weight (kg) in during exposure to hypoxia environment. Finally lung tissue was removed for immunohistochemistry tests of HSP70 and HSP90. To analyze of data, ANOVA test was used (α≤0.05). Results: Expression of HSP70 and HSP90 increased significantly in hypoxia group comparison with the control group (P≤0.05). Expression of HSP70 and HSP90 protein decreased significantly in the Supplement hypoxia group comparison with the hypoxia group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Reduction effects of Adiantum capillus-veneris extract on expression of the parenchyma lung heat- shock protein in hypoxia conditions was observed that probably indicate decreased oxidative stress in the lung.

INTRODUCTION Type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD), a severe autosomal recessive hereditary bleeding disorder, is described by the virtual absence of von Willebrand factor (VWF). In consanguineous populations, for example Pakistan, the disease is reported with a higher incidence rate than the worldwide prevalence. AIMS This study aims to characterize molecular pathology and clinical profile of type 3 VWD cohort of Pakistani origin. METHODS In total, 48 patients were enrolled in the current study. Initially, the index patients (IPs) were evaluated by a standardized questionnaire for recording bleeding manifestations and by performing conventional coagulation tests. The diagnosis of VWD type 3 was confirmed by VWF antigens less than 5 IU/dL. Direct sequencing of VWF gene (VWF) was carried out to identify causative gene variations. We evaluated the potential consequence of novel splice site and missense variations by predictive computational programs and in silico structural analysis. RESULTS VWF mutations were detected in 46 out of 48 IPs (95.8%), predominantly as homozygous variants. In total, twenty-nine different gene defects were characterized in this cohort from which 10 (34.5%) are novel. The majority of the mutations were null alleles (66%; including gene conversions, nonsense, splice site variations, small deletions and insertions), and 34% of them were missense substitutions. CONCLUSION Herein, we reported for the first time, the pattern of gene defects in Pakistani type 3 VWD cohort. We identified a wide heterogeneous mutation spectrum along with variability in the type of bleeding episodes.

In the setting of a pale optic disc, distinguishing a previous episode of optic neuritis (ON) from that of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) may be difficult on clinical examination. Differences in peripapillary vascular network structures, if present, might be of diagnostic utility.Thirty-five eyes with demyelinating ON, 33 eyes with NAION, and 81 eyes of normal subjects were imaged with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) to assess peripapillary vascular density (VD). In addition, OCT was used to measure peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were used to differentiate ON vs NAION.NAION eyes had significantly thinner RNFL thickness than ON eyes. Age-adjusted analysis showed that the peripapillary VD values were significantly reduced in NAION (48.3 ± 7.4%) and ON eyes (54.7 ± 6.1%) compared with healthy controls (62.1 ± 4.6%); pairwise comparisons showed statistically significant differences among all 3 groups. After adjustment for severity of optic nerve injury according to mean RNFL thickness, all VD parameters were not significantly different between ON and NAION eyes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for differentiating NAION from ON eyes was similar for VD (0.75) and RNFL thickness (0.74).Peripapillary VD measurement performs as well as RNFL thickness for distinguishing previous episodes ON and NAION. VD decline might be secondary to RNFL damage and, therefore, VD data have a limited role differentiating these 2 disorders.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that hypoxia and high-intensity exercise training can increase apoptosis of lung cells and Adiantum capillus-veneris (Ac-v) extract can have anti-apoptotic effects. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chronic hypoxia and the (Ac-v) extraction as a supplement on TNF-a and P53 protein expression as well as the respiratory surface. Material and methods: 24 healthy Wistar rats (age = 4 weeks, weight = 72 = 9 gr) were trained using interval training for 6 weeks followed by a 3-week stay in hypoxia conditions. Half of the hypoxia samples received 500 ml/gr/per body weight daily (Ac-v) within 3 weeks of hypoxia. At the end, the lung tissue was removed for histological and immunohistological analysis. Results: After 3 weeks of hypoxia exposure following 6 weeks of exercise, expression of P53 and TNF-a increased and the respiratory surface decreased (p ≤ 0.05). After 3 weeks of taking the Ac-v extract during hypoxia exposure, reduced P53 and TNF-a expression and the increased respiratory surface were observed (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Chronic hypoxia may be considered as a strong stimulus leading to the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and tissue disruption. However, our findings suggest that the antioxidative properties of Ac-v extract could decrease the destructive structural and molecular events that happen along with hypoxia exposure or intense exercise training.

Objective Given the increase in the birth and survival rate of the premature infants, a need for supportive health care services becomes more evident. The goal of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of the Premature Infant Oral Motor Intervention (PIOMI) in the feeding progression and early intervention. This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Methods This clinical trial included premature infants in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of two hospitals in Tehran, who were randomly assigned into intervention and control group, each containing 15 infants. The PIOMI was administered to the intervention group in the course of 10 days. The infants in the control group received routine nursing services. Repeated measures ANOVA (RMA) were analyzed. The postmenstrual age and weight of the participants were examined at the time points of accomplishing one, four, and eight oral feedings a day and at the time of hospital discharge. Results The intervention group reached the first oral feeding (with a mean of 7.2 days) and eight oral feeding (with a mean of 13.47 days) earlier than the control group. The length of hospital stay in intervention group was significantly shorter (P = 0.03). RMA wasn't statistically significant between groups for weight (F: 0.76, P: 0.39, ŋ: 0.03); but within-subjects test showed that change of the weight over time and for interaction of time and group was significant (F: 74.437, P Conclusion the results revealed that PIOMI is a fruitful method for premature infants. We suggest that PIOMI can be integrated in feeding rehabilitation programs of the premature infants born with gestational age of as young as 26-29 weeks, and applied at 29 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The clinical trial registration number IRCT20180410039260N1.

Considerable advances have been made in identification of the involvement of immune modulators in diseases. There is growing evidence on the role of complement pathway in pathogenesis and course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, it has been recognized that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in modulation and development of immune response in the central nervous system. We aimed to investigate the expression profile of complement factor H (CFH) and miR-146a genes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS to detect the possible roles of CFH and miR-146a as biomarkers of MS disease stats. Expression of CFH and miR-146a genes in liver and brain tissues of EAE mice was measured in acute and chronic phases of disease compared to matched controls using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the liver, increased expression of CFH gene was observed in the chronic phase compared to the acute phase. However, no significant difference was observed between acute and chronic phase mice with normal mice, while miR-146a expression was significantly decreased in livers of EAE mice in chronic group compared to acute and control groups. The expression of CFH gene in brain had a significant decrease in acute and chronic phases compared to healthy mice. Taken together, these observations indicate probable implication of complement system and miR-146a in course of immune-related diseases and reveal more facts about the pathogenesis of MS. However, further work is needed to determine protein levels of CFH and other possible targets of miR-146a in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients.

Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) covalently crosslinks pre-formed fibrin clots preventing their premature fibrinolysis. In plasma, FXIII circulates as a zymogenic heterotetramer composed of catalytic FXIII-A subunits, and carrier/regulatory FXIII-B subunits. FXIII-A is a well characterized component of this complex, and has been associated with several pleiotropic roles outside coagulation as well. In comparison only protective/regulatory roles towards the FXIII-A subunit have been identified for FXIII-B. Strong homology between FXIII-B and complement regulator Complement factor H suggests a putative role of FXIII-B in complement activation. In the current study we have analyzed the similarities and yet functional divergence of these two proteins using in silico sequence alignment and structural analysis. We have evaluated complement activation post reconstitution of FXIII components into FXIII deficient and CFH deficient plasma. We have also transiently expressed FXIII-B in SH-SY5Y cell lines and evaluated its effect on the endogenous complement activation. Our investigations show no effect of FXIII-B subunit on the rate of complement activation. Therefore we conclude that at a physiological level, FXIII-B subunit plays no role in the complement system, although a vestigial function in altered pathological states might still exist.

This study aimed to assess the viability, distribution and penetration of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) into three types of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) membranes. HGFs (HGF1-PT1 cell line) were seeded and cultured onto three types of ADM membranes, namely medium-thickness and thick Regen, SureDerm and one collagen matrix (Mucoderm). Viability and proliferation of HGFs on membranes were assessed at 24, 48 and 72 h and seven days using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Distribution and morphology of cells were assessed qualitatively at 24 h and seven days using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Penetration of HGFs on day seven was assessed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Viability of HGFs was not significantly different on the four types of membranes at 24 or 48 h (P > 0.05). At seven days, viability on SureDerm was higher than that in other groups and cell viability on thick Regen was less than that in other groups (P

Population growth and climate change will impact food security and potentially exacerbate the environmental toll that agriculture has taken on our planet. These existential concerns demand that a passionate, interdisciplinary, and diverse community of plant science professionals is trained during the 21st century. Furthermore, societal trends that question the importance of science and expert knowledge highlight the need to better communicate the value of rigorous fundamental scientific exploration. Engaging students and the general public in the wonder of plants, and science in general, requires renewed efforts that take advantage of advances in technology and new models of funding and knowledge dissemination. In November 2018, funded by the National Science Foundation through the Arabidopsis Research and Training for the 21st century (ART 21) research coordination network, a symposium and workshop were held that included a diverse panel of students, scientists, educators, and administrators from across the US. The purpose of the workshop was to re‐envision how outreach programs are funded, evaluated, acknowledged, and shared within the plant science community. One key objective was to generate a roadmap for future efforts. We hope that this document will serve as such, by providing a comprehensive resource for students and young faculty interested in developing effective outreach programs. We also anticipate that this document will guide the formation of community partnerships to scale up currently successful outreach programs, and lead to the design of future programs that effectively engage with a more diverse student body and citizenry.

Today, manufacturers of sports products, due to the variety and mass production of products in the market and competitive conditions, are forced to use advertising as one of the most effective marketing strategies. However, the realization of this important condition depends on the perceived usefulness of consumers and their intention to buy. Therefore, the present study aims to design and explain the factors affecting the transmission of advertising teaser concepts to consumers of sports products using the data approach. Therefore, by using theoretical and purposeful sampling method, the required data are obtained through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 21 senior managers and executives in the field of advertising and academic experts in the field of marketing management and sports marketing. The study has appropriate information, collected and analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding in the form of 5 main categories including causal factors (factors related to the message, factors related to the media), contextual factors (factors related to Message audience and advertising-related factors), interfering factors (messaging disorders), strategies (advertising strategies in the field of branding, information advertising strategies and transfer advertising strategies) and consequences (Advertising effectiveness and sales promotion) were presented.

The kidneys have important and vital functions and provide maintenance of overall body health. Many kidney diseases are caused by single gene defects. Kidney disease is categorized in a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the kidney, both in structure and function. The end stage of kidney disease is known as kidney failure. Kidney disease is divided into two forms: AKI and CKD (1). Among kidney diseases, polycystic kidney disease (PKD; also known as polycystic kidney syndrome) is revealed to have a genetic background (2). PKD is characterized by the presence of cysts in kidneys. The development and growth of cysts causes abnormalities in the renal tubules. PKD is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease (2,3). Clinical characteristics of autosomal dominant and recessive forms of PKD are variable in their penetrance. A range from neonatal death to incidence in old age was reported for PKD (2,4). Disease causing variants in three genes including PKD1 , PKD2, and PKDH1 can cause PKD. The pathogenic variations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes can cause an autosomal dominant (ADPKD) pattern of inheritance. The pathogenic variations in PKDH1 can cause an autosomal recessive (ARPKD) pattern of inheritance (2). There are more than 500 monogenic causes of CKD (5) and numerous genes are listed in next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels for PKD, including ALG9 , ANKS6 , ATP6V0A4 , BICC1 , GANAB , GLIS3 , HNF1B , INVS , LRP5 , MUC1 , NOTCH2 , NPHP3 , OFD1 , PKD1 , PKD2 , PKHD1 , SEC61A1 , TMEM231 , TSC1 , TSC2 , UMOD , and ZNF423 , etc. (2). For classification, preprognosis, monitoring and treatment, and identification of the etiology of the disease is necessary. It helps us understand the scenario of the disorder’s causes and select the best approach for drug …

Lead (Pb) is an environmental toxin that has the ability to alter biological processes by inducing oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) are two transcriptional factors that participate in the regulation of cellular responses against OS and inflammation. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 (VD) on the prevention of testicular damages of Pb and its association with Nrf2 and NF-κB gene expression levels and their downstream molecules. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and treatments were performed as following for four weeks: control group received no treatment, VD group were injected intramuscularly with 1000 IU of VD/Kg every other day, Pb group received 1000 mg of Pb/L of drinking water, and Pb + VD group were exposed to Pb and VD simultaneously. The results demonstrated significant decrease in the levels of tissue antioxidants, and increase in inflammatory cytokines in the Pb-intoxicated group, with increased Nrf2 and NF-κB mRNA levels. A remarkable reduction in sperm criteria and a significant disruption in serum hormones were also observed. Anyhow, VD supplementation during exposure to Pb showed a significant protective effect against all pathophysiologic alterations caused by Pb. Furthermore, VD affected the expression of Nrf2 and NF-κB and mitigated the harsh effects of Pb. In conclusion, our findings indicate that VD attenuated the toxic impacts of Pb on testis through modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB gene expression levels which further regulated the OS and inflammatory responses.

The increasing prevalence of obesity and the associated morbidity and mortality are important public health problems globally. There is an important relationship between an unhealthy lifestyle and increased serum inflammatory cytokines. Adipocytes secrete several pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the recruitment and activation of macrophages resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Increased cytokines in obese individual are related to the progression of several disorders including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and insulin resistance. In present review we have summarized the crucial roles of cytokines and their inflammatory functions in obesity-related immune disorders.

Congenital abnormalities of the uterus result primarily from embryological maldevelopment of the paramesonephric ducts and have been associated with pregnancy complications, reduced fertility, and other adverse fetal outcomes. While such abnormalities are rare, affected patients should be correctly managed to improve psychological, sexual, and reproductive outcomes. This review intends to elucidate the impact of congenital uterine abnormalities on fertility and pregnancy outcomes. We also present the available management methods and discuss the role of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to benefit affected women. This review clearly shows that although these disorders are generally not lethal, they critically impact the patient’s reproductive health. The fertility rate of patients with uterine congenital abnormalities depends on the severity of the condition. Reproductive endocrinologists and infertility specialists must be considered as active parts of the interdisciplinary treatment team for such patients. ART practices are reasonably successful at managing fertility problems of women with these abnormalities.

With growing populations and pressing environmental problems, future economies will be increasingly plant-based. Now is the time to reimagine plant science as a critical component of fundamental science, agriculture, environmental stewardship, energy, technology and healthcare. This effort requires a conceptual and technological framework to identify and map all cell types, and to comprehensively annotate the localization and organization of molecules at cellular and tissue levels. This framework, called the Plant Cell Atlas (PCA), will be critical for understanding and engineering plant development, physiology and environmental responses. A workshop was convened to discuss the purpose and utility of such an initiative, resulting in a roadmap that acknowledges the current knowledge gaps and technical challenges, and underscores how the PCA initiative can help to overcome them., National Science Foundation 1916797 David W Ehrhardt, Kenneth D Birnbaum, Seung Yon Rhee; National Science Foundation 2052590 Seung Yon Rhee

Several methods are employed to remove the moisture from organic or non-organic materials, in a variety of industrial applications. Among all, dehydration of fruits is an alternative to decline post-harvest loss of fruits and also a process to produce dried fruits, which can be directly consumed or become part of foodstuffs like cakes, and many others. In particular, drying provokes a series of changes in materials, such as oxidation, browning, or loss of nutritional-functional properties. Ultrasound is famous to have a significant effect on the rate of various processes. Quince is a fruit which is rich in polyphenols, organic acids, and amino acids with important health benefits. The present study examined the effect of ultrasound and blanching pre- treatments prior to convective drying on quality properties of dehydrated quince slices. A completely randomized design was used to address the effect of time of sonication (10−30 min), temperature (40−60°C), and anti-browning agents including acetic, citric, and ascorbic acids as well as distilled water on quality properties of dehydrated quince slices. The obtained results revealed that the shortest drying time (270.33±35.59 min) and the highest total phenolic content (57.29±12.72 mg GAE/ml) were recorded for samples exposed to the ascorbic acid solution. Comparison of the pre-treated and control samples indicated that the highest rehydration ratio (2.75±0.29 %) was achieved by blanched samples in acetic acid solution. The use of citric acid solution led to the highest score in the taste (3.45±1.1), color (3.84±0.9), and texture (3.47±1.02) of quince slices on the basis of a 5- point hedonic scale. The obtained results depended on both ultrasound and the type of blanching solution. Citric and acetic acid samples indicated the highest values of the sensory evaluation and water loss, respectively.

Study Objectives: Chest CT scan (CT) is often considered the gold-standard imaging modality to evaluate pulmonary pathology, and thus is used to assess patients with COVID-19 While CT offers higher resolution images, Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has the advantages of being rapid, low cost, low radiation exposure, and offers the ability for monitoring real-time disease progression As such, POCUS has also been used to assess patients with COVID-19, and characteristic POCUS findings of COVID-19 are described In the present study, we compare chest CT to lung ultrasound findings in patients with COVID-19 and examine consistency in pathological findings between the two imaging modalities Methods: 125 patients presenting to an urban emergency department in Tehran, Iran with symptoms concerning for COVID-19 were prospectively enrolled Participants underwent lung POCUS following a 12-zone protocol assessing each zone for pleural line irregularities, alveolar interstitial syndrome (eg, B-lines), and presence of consolidations including subpleural consolidations (SCs) Patients also received chest CT read by a radiologist evaluating for ground glass opacity, crazy paving patterns, or consolidations For POCUS and CT, each zone was scored using a 4-point measure, then aggregated total lung involvement scores were calculated for each patient and imaging modality Descriptive statistics were performed to asses consistently between POCUS and CT findings Results: POCUS findings overall corresponded well with abnormalities seen on CT, without a significant difference in lung involvement scores between the modalities On CT, COVID-19 patients showed greater incidence of crazy paving in the AI, PS, PI, AX, PLAPS, CS, and CI distributions (p adj= 00293, 0, 000600, 000533, 00272, 0004) and effusion in CI (p adj= 0216), and on POCUS patients had increased B-lines in the AS, AX, and PLAPS distributions (p adj= 0086, 0012, 0024 respectively), increased pleural thickening in all lung regions (AS, AI, PS, PI, AX, PLAPS;p adj= 0182, 0014, 0375, 0328, 0003, 0), and SCs in AS, AX, and PLAPS (p adj= 0312, 0398, 0324) Both CT and POCUS demonstrated more right-sided findings as a whole, though sidedness of findings was not statistically significant Both CT and POCUS demonstrated differences in finding densities between lung regions (for CT- ARDS: p adj= 1 00e+ 0;consolidation: p adj= 1 04e- 1;Crazy Paving: p adj= 1 92e-16;effusion: p adj= 8 4 94e- 8;GGO: p adj= 8 73e- 2;interstitial: p ajd= 68e- 6;POCUS- atelectasis: p adj= 1 92e- 7;B-lines: p adj= 6 77e -7;consolidation: p adj= 0 00119;effusion: p adj= 7 20e- 9;pleural thickening: p adj= 7 20e -9;SCs: p adj= 4 39e -5) with the highest concentration of positive findings in the PLAPS region on both modalities Conclusion: Given comparable findings in the presence and distribution of abnormalities between POCUS and chest CT, POCUS may be a viable alternative to chest CT for diagnosis and risk stratification in patients with suspected COVID-19 [Formula presented]

Background: Children and adolescents are potentially at risk of different psychiatric disorders, and it is important to consider their health, especially their mental health. Objectives: We aimed to design a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between lifestyle-related components with the psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province (Iran) and to determine its association with different lifestyle-related variables. Methods: In this study, about 1000 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province were selected using stratified cluster random sampling. The reliable Persian version of Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and the Life Style Questionnaire (LSQ) were instructed using interviewing with participants by our clinical psychologists or, if they were under 14 years, with their parents. Besides, demographic data (i.e., gender, age, location, race, nation, and religion) of participants were also collected. Results: The results showed that, except for the physical activity and well-being, other remaining factors have a significant correlation with psychiatric disorders (P < 0.05). The exact p-value for each factor was as follow: physical health (P = 0.007), sports and well-being (P = 0.057), weight control and nutrition (P = 0.001), prevention of diseases (P = 0.04), mental health-cognitive (P = 0.05), spiritual health (P = 0.008), social health (P = 0.05), drug avoidance (P = 0.001), accident prevention (P = 0.02), and environmental health (P = 0.001). Also, we found that the overall effect of lifestyle was significantly associated with children and adolescent mental disorders (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings show a significant role for lifestyle in the children and adolescents psychiatric disorders. So it should be considered in more detail in future studies.

Introduction. Pemphigus is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease which can cause blisters and mucocutaneous erosions. ABO secretor refers to those who secrete ABO blood group antigens based on their blood type in body fluids such as saliva, sweat, tears, semen, and serum. Previous studies showed that nonsecretor people are more prone to certain autoimmune diseases. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the ABO secretor status in the saliva of patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Materials and Methods. This case-control study was conducted on 35 patients with pemphigus vulgaris and 35 healthy controls. The two groups were matched for age and gender. Pemphigus vulgaris diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence microscopy. ABO blood grouping was done, and 5 ml of unstimulated saliva was collected to determine secretor status. Secretors were recognized from nonsecretors by the Wiener agglutination inhibition test. Results were extracted by using statistical chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results. 16 male and 19 female patients aged 49.43 ± .12.37 years were compared with 16 male and 19 female controls aged 46.43 ± 11.88 years. The most frequent blood group among case and control groups was O (54.3% and 60%, respectively). There was no significant difference in blood groups (P=0.73). 90% of the samples were ABO secretors. The patient group included 31 (88.6%) and the control group included 32 (91.4%) ABO secretors; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=1.000). Conclusion. In this study, we observed that the people with nonsecretor status in comparison with the people with secretor status are not more susceptible to develop pemphigus vulgaris.

Since the ducts are important parts of the engineering facilities and entropy generation decreases the performance of such facilities, it is necessary to study the amount of entropy generation in these geometries in order to reach to maximum efficiency. In addition, the study of turbulent boundary layer flow in curved diffuser has significant importance. Therefore, the current work investigates the effects of curvature and adverse pressure gradient parameter on efficiency and entropy generation due to turbulent and viscosity dissipations in three curved diffusers with curvature ratios of 0.0113, 0.0161 and 0.023 for different adverse pressure gradient parameters of 0.48, 0.56, 0.62, 0.86 and 0.994. Results show that in order to design the curved diffusers to reach the maximum efficiency and minimum total entropy generation in air-conditioning systems, the lowest value of adverse pressure gradient parameter and the highest value of curvature radius should be considered, respectively. The total entropy generation on concave and convex walls decreases with increasing the adverse pressure gradient parameter, while by increasing the curvature radius, it decreases on convex wall and increases on concave wall. Moreover, the rate of increasing the total entropy on convex wall is more than concave wall at constant adverse pressure gradient parameter. Finally, it was found that with decreasing the adverse pressure gradient parameter and increasing the curvature radius, the efficiency increases.

Von Willebrand disease (VWD), the most prevalent congenital bleeding disorder, arises from deficiencies in quantity or quality of von Willebrand factor (VWF). The quantitative deficiencies of VWF are considered to be either VWD type 1 (mild/moderate reduction of VWF) or type 3 (virtual absence of VWF). Following cloning of the VWF gene (VWF) in the 1980s, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of VWD. The genetic basis of type 3 VWD is well defined. VWF causative variations comprising predominantly null alleles have been identified in more than 85% of cases. In contrast, the molecular mechanisms in type 1 disease are only partially characterized. The VWF sequence variations, including mostly missense alterations, are found in only approximately 65% of type 1 VWD patients. It appears that genetic elements outside of VWF may contribute to the pathophysiology of type 1 VWD. This review discusses in detail the current understandings of the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms causing quantitative deficiencies of VWF.

Fat reduction and body contouring have become popular procedures in the cosmetic surgery industry over the past decade. There have been studies to replace invasive methods such as liposuction, with safer non-invasive procedures. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a non-invasive combination therapy of ultrasound cavitation and cryolipolysis on abdominal adipose tissue.This pilot interventional study comprised 90 female individuals aged 18-65-years-old who were recruited into one of three groups of 30 participants. Group 1 was treated with diet alone (the control group), group 2 with cryolipolysis and diet, and group 3 with a combination of ultrasound cavitation, cryolipolysis, and diet for 8 weeks. Anthropometric parameters were measured before, during, and after the trial included total body weight, body mass index(BMI), body fat mass, fat-free mass, and abdomen circumference.All three groups demonstrated significant reductions in each parameter at the end of the intervention (P 0.01). Apart from fat-free mass (P = 0.66), the combination therapy significantly reduced body fat mass, weight, BMI, and abdomen circumference compared to the control group (P 0.01). There was no significant difference between the combination therapy and cryolipolysis-alone groups.Treatment using a combination of cryolipolysis and ultrasound cavitation is no more effective in improving the anthropometric indices than cryolipolysis alone.

Background Several lines of research have suggested that the 472G > A (Val158Met) polymorphism at Catechol-O-methyltranferase (COMT) gene is implicated in the pathophysiology of FMS. Here, we have evaluated the association of COMT 472G > A polymorphism with risk of FMS. Methods In this study 250 patients with FMS and 250 healthy controls were evaluated for COMT 472G > A polymorphism by RFLP-PCR assay. Results There were no significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of COMT 472G > A polymorphism between FMS cases and healthy controls. Conclusions Our results suggested that the COMT 472G > A polymorphism may not be risk factor for development of FMS.