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Background Depression is a common and serious complication in new mothers. We investigated the hypothesis that neuraxial labor analgesia is associated with a decreased risk of postpartum depression. Methods In this multicenter prospective cohort study with propensity score matching, 599 nulliparous women with single term cephalic pregnancy who planned vaginal delivery were enrolled and self-selected neuraxial analgesia or not. The primary outcome was 6-week postpartum depression assessed with the Chinese version Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; a score of ≥10 was set as the threshold of postpartum depression. Logistic regression models were established to assess the association between neuraxial labor analgesia and postpartum depression. Results Of the 577 parturients who completed the study, 417 (72.3%) received neuraxial analgesia and 160 (27.7%) did not. After propensity score matching, 433 parturients were included in the analysis; of whom, 279 (64.4%) received neuraxial analgesia and 154 (35.6%) did not. The incidence of postpartum depression was lower in parturients with neuraxial analgesia than in those without (14.9% [62/417] vs. 23.8% [38/160], P=0.012 before matching; 13.3% [37/279] vs. 23.4% [36/154], P=0.007 after matching). After adjustment for confounding factors, neuraxial analgesia was associated with decreased odds of postpartum depression (odds ratio [OR] 0.50, 95% CI 0.28-0.88, P=0.015 before matching; OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.21-0.77, P=0.006 after matching). Limitations As an observational study, unidentified confounders might influence the results. Conclusions In nulliparae with single term cephalic pregnancy preparing to give vaginal delivery neuraxial analgesia during labor was associated with a decreased risk of 6-week postpartum depression.

Background: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related compulsory measures have triggered a wide range of psychological issues. However, the effect of COVID-19 on mental health in late-middle-aged adults remains unclear.Methods: This cross-sectional, web-based survey recruited 3,730 participants (≥ 50 years old) between February 28 and March 11 of 2020. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Insomnia Severity Index, and Acute Stress Disorder Scale were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, insomnia, and acute stress symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was fitted to explore risk factors that were associated with the selected outcomes.Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.44 ± 5.99 years, and 2,026 (54.3%) of the participants were female. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and acute stress symptoms among late-middle-aged adults in China during the COVID-19 pandemic was 20.4, 27.1, 27.5, and 21.2%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that participants who were quarantined had increased odds ratios for the four mental health symptoms, and those with a good understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic displayed a decreased risk for all mental health symptoms among late-middle-aged adults. In addition, participants with a low income and with a risk of COVID-19 exposure at work had a remarkably high risk of depression, anxiety, and acute stress symptoms.Conclusions: Mental health symptoms in late-middle-aged adults in China during the COVID-19 pandemic are prevalent. Population-specific mental health interventions should be developed to improve mental health outcomes in late-middle-aged adults during this public health emergency.

Background Accurate diagnosis of delirium is very important for prevention and treatment. Present study was designed to validate the 3-Minute Diagnostic Interview for CAM-defined Delirium Chinese version (3D-CAM-CN) in surgical ICU patients. Methods In this prospective diagnostic study, the 3D-CAM was translated into Chinese with culture adaption. Two interviewers (Roles A and B) independently administrated 3D-CAM-CN assessment in adult patients from postoperative days 1 to day 3. At the meantime, a panel of psychiatrists diagnosed delirium according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition as the reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to analyze the diagnostic character of the 3D-CAM-CN. Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate interrater reliability. Results Two hundred forty-five adult patients were assessed for at least 2 days, resulting a total of 647 paired-assessments. When compared with the reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the 3D-CAM-CN assessment were 87.2 and 96.7%, respectively, by Role A and 84.6 and 97.4%, respectively, by Role B, with good interrater reliability (Kappa coefficient = 0.82, P Conclusion Our results showed that the 3D-CAM-CN can be used as a reliable and accurate instrument for delirium assessment in surgical patients. Trial registration This trail was approved by the Clinical Research Ethic Committee of Peking University First Hospital (No. 2017–1321) and registered on Chinese clinical trial registry on July 6, 2017 (ChiCTR-OOC-17011887).

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules are essential in power electronic application. Due to the improvement in chips and packaging, the maximum operation junction temperature T vj,op of the latest IGBT module has been increased up to 175°C, comparing to 150°C of the previous generation. With the enhancement of power density, its application at high temperature gives rise to more concerns of the reliability. Nevertheless, few literatures exist concerning the thermal design of the advanced IGBT module. External cooling system such as forced air cooling and liquid cooling is commonly utilized to make sure that the junction temperature T j is not larger than 175°C. But the employment of such cooling components consequently increases the variance in T j among chips within one single module during its usage. The heat dissipated by chips, transferred by packaging and carried by coolant leads to higher T j of chips in the downstream area and lower T j in the upstream. Nonetheless, this phenomenon has not been adequately evaluated. The present paper describes a thermo-fluid simulation model of the advanced IGBT modules in a power stack, by employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Volume Method (FVM). Through grid independent study, the numerical error of model in T j is found less than 1°C. The ambient temperature is set at 55°C for simulating the extreme environment condition in the cabinet. Furthermore, the variance in T j among chips of IGBT components within one single module is inspected. Its correlations with power loss and air flow velocity are examined.

The latest trend in solar inverter application is to increase DC link voltage to 1500VDC for high power output. This paper describes a design concept of NPC1 power stack for 1500VDC megawatt level solar inverter. This stack uses three latest half-bridge IGBT modules with highest power density and operation junction temperature, which enable realization of power level beyond 1MW without paralleling. Critical design concept on loop inductance is explained. Dynamic characteristics are verified by double-pulse test. Thermal characteristics and output power limits are verified by thermal test. Temperature-sensitive component on PCB as output power constraint is identified. Different PCB repositioning solutions are tested to give the overall output power thermal derating curves, which enable output power of 1.15MW at T A =55°C with 15°C thermal margin. The power stack characteristic and performance change under different thermal environment is further analyzed.

Highlights • LLD patients present lower functional connectivity in the right FPN. • LLD patients present impaired white matter integrity in tracts to the right FPN. • FPN alterations were negatively correlated with anxiety severity in LLD patients. • The right IFG might be a crucial hub underlying the neuropathology of LLD., The present study investigated functional connectivity and white matter integrity of the fronto-parietal network (FPN) to reveal the neural mechanisms that underlie late-life depression (LLD). Fifty patients with LLD and 40 non-depressed controls were included in the study. A multi-parametric approach was used by applying independent component analysis (ICA) to estimate functional connectivity of the FPN and by applying tract­based spatial statistics to examine white-matter integrity in tracts to the FPN. Patients with LLD exhibited functional abnormalities in the right inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal gyrus and lower white matter fractional anisotropy in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, and uncinate fasciculus. Alterations of functional connectivity and white matter fractional anisotropy in these regions were negatively correlated with the severity of symptomatic anxiety in LLD patients. The right inferior frontal gyrus might be a crucial hub in transferring information between these abnormal regions. Significant correlations were found between anxiety symptoms and brain alterations, suggesting that impairments in the FPN network might be involved in symptomatic anxiety in elderly individuals with depression.

China's current traction net unilateral power supply mode and the existing traction substation connection and phase change connection determine the existence of stationary phase of traction network. Therefore, the application of modern power electronics and microprocessor control technology and the development of cophase power supply technology with independent intellectual property rights are the way to realize the innovation of traction power supply technology, which will achieve a win-win situation for cophase power and electric power development, it has the vital significance.

Recently, with the rapid agricultural application progress in China, greenhouse control issues have been better addressed. The greenhouse control technology, as an emerging technology, is increasingly being widespread attended, and is gradually walking in the direction of constructing good quality, high output efficiency agricultural systems. In this new situation, we need to carry out market research, carefully research the greenhouse automatic control theory based on SCM technology, and design automation control system with best effect. The performance test result shows: This new system has a good usable performance, while related technology can provide a scientific basis for further research in the future. Keywords.Microcontroller; greenhouse automatic control.

Seismic performance of RC beam-column joints under low cyclic loading with different cycle numbers was analyzed by FEA software, to study duration effect of long period ground motion. The loading with different cycle numbers was used to simulate the duration of the ground motion. Hysteretic curves and skeleton curves of the joints were obtained. The results indicate that as the cycle number increases, the capacity and ductility of the joint declines, and the stiffness of the joint attenuates faster.

The method of CFRP plate reinforcement for the rigid joints with complete welding was studied using finite-element analysis. Three models were adopted in analyzed software ANSYS and they are Solid45, Combin14 and Shell181, which used to simulate steel, glue and CFRP plate respectively. The results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of rigid joints improves significantly after using CFRP reinforcement for joints. And the results also show that the level of improvement is relative to the length, width and thickness of CFRP plates.

Aims: To investigate the incidence of depression at different time points within the first year after stroke in mainland China and to identify risk factors related to a poor 1‐year prognosis in stroke patients. Methods: Subjects with acute cerebrovascular diseases were recruited and enrolled from 56 hospitals in mainland China between April 2008 and April 2010. Demographic data, previous disease history, and clinical data were collected. Four follow‐up visits were occurred within the first year after stroke. The modified Rankin Scale ≥2 represents an unfavorable prognosis. Depression was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition and was divided into persistent, recurrent and transient types. Results: The 1‐year cumulative incidence of depression in stroke patients was 41.8%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the 1‐year prognosis level was associated with age, disability before onset, neurological functional deficit level at admission, and a range of depression types. The odds ratio for persistent depression is the highest (OR = 7.615, P 40% of patients within the first year after stroke. Persistent depression is the first independent determinant of prognosis during the first year after stroke.

The macro-synthetic fiber is widely used to prevent the cracking at concrete members. By the way of experiment that macro-synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete ductile columns comparing with the usual fiber-reinforced columns under the action of low-frequency cyclic loading, seismic performance of the columns in different form of bars were obtained. Meanwhile, the damage pattern, hysteresis curve, ductile coefficient and equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the columns could be also obtained. The results show that the macro-synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete ductile column has the better ductility and the higher post-crack energy absorption ability.

In order to study the seismic performance, of macro-synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete ductile columns, specific used as the concrete energy absorption system placed in the structure, three concrete ductile columns were constructed and tested using low-frequency cyclic loading. The damage pattern, hysteresis curve, ductile factor and equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the columns were obtained. The results show that the macro-synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete ductile column has the good ductility and the high post-crack energy absorption ability.

Summary Background Familial benign chronic pemphigus or Hailey–Hailey disease (HHD; OMIM 169600) is an autosomal dominant blistering disease. Pathogenic mutations in ATP2C1 encoding a novel Ca2+ pump have recently been identified. Objectives To identify mutations in ATP2C1 in Chinese patients with HHD. Methods Eleven unrelated Chinese patients with HHD were subjected to mutation detection in ATP2C1. Eight of them had a family history of HHD. The 27 coding exons and their flanking sequences were amplified and sequenced. Results Five of the 11 patients were identified to have heterozygous mutations including three nonsense mutations and two splicing mutations in ATP2C1. Conclusions Four novel mutations, nonsense mutations S887X and W795X and splicing mutations 118−1 ga and 1890+1del(gtgag)ins53, were found in this series of Chinese patients with HHD.

Background Studies show that poststroke depression (PSD) increases mortality risk at 1 year. However, whether PSD increases the risk of recurrent stroke at 1 year remains unclear. This study was to investigate whether PSD at 2 weeks following a stroke could increase risk of recurrent stroke at 1 year. Methods and Results This was a multi-centered prospective cohort study. A total of 2306 patients with acute stroke were enrolled in our study. PSD was diagnosed according to the criteria set by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). The outcomes of recurrent stroke were followed up via face-to-face or phone interview. A total of 1713 patients had complete follow-up data, with 481 (28.1%) cases of PSD and 158 (9.2%) cases of cumulative recurrent stroke at 1 year. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a 49% increase of OR of recurrent stroke at 1 year in patients with PSD, compared to patients without PSD following a stroke (OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.03–2.15). There was no significant correlation between anti-depressant drugs and the risk of recurrent stroke at 1 year following a stroke (OR = 1.96, 95%: CI 0.95–4.04). Conclusions Based on the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, nearly 3 out of 10 hospitalized stroke patients in China were diagnosed with PSD at 2 weeks following a stroke. PSD is associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke at 1 year. Our study did not find benefit of anti-depressant drugs in reducing such risk.

The chaos is a seemingly random irregular movement, It reflects the inherent characteristics of the nonlinear science, It is a common phenomenon, The chaos is in recent years the very issue of concern, chaos theory for practical application in engineering has become a hotspot at home and abroad, including in the design of the power control system is one aspect of the application. In this paper, we study Chaos theory, first, an overview of the chaos theory, chaos theory and then in the power control system design and optimization focuses on the practical application of elaborated.

Current P2P applications use various obfuscation techniques to avoid detection, the technique of deep packet inspection (DPI) can detect the characteriscs string in P2P protocols, which is regarded as a promising method for future peer-to-peer traffic identification. one prototype system of P2P traffic detection is implemented. This system adopts off-line detection method, and it can identify P2P traffic when analyzing the captured files by Sniffer software. The test result shows that the system can accurately detect the P2P traffic.