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Spectrum has now become a scarce resource due to the continuous development of wireless communication technology. Cognitive radio technology is considered to be a new method to solve the shortage of spectrum resources. The spectrum allocation model of cognitive radio can effectively avoid the waste of spectrum resources. A novel binary version of slime mould algorithm is proposed for the spectrum allocation model to solve the spectrum allocation scheme. In addition, adding unselected factors strategy can make the approach find a better solution. Compared with other algorithms, the novel binary slime mould algorithm and the strategy of adding unselected factors proposed in this paper have a good performance in spectrum allocation. The resulting spectrum allocation scheme can achieve efficient use of network resources.

Objective To observe the differences in analgesic effect of moxibustion at different intervention times on dysmenorrhea rats and explore its effect mechanism. Methods Forty-five female Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group (group A), model group (group B), pre-moxibustion group (group C), instant moxibustion group (group D) and pre-instant moxibustion group (group E), with 9 rats in each group. Cold-damp coagulation and stagnation type dysmenorrhea models were established. In group C, mild moxibustion on “Shenque (神阙 CV 8) ” and “Guānyuan (关元 CV 4)” was carried out from the time after modeling on the 8th day for 3 consecutive days. In group D, mild moxibustion was given as the same methods with group C after injection with oxytocin on the 11th day. In group E, mild moxibustion was given as the same methods from the time after modeling on the 8th day to that after injection with oxytocin on the 11th day for 4 consecutive days. The writhing behavior and the changes in levels of ET-1 and NO in uterine tissues of rats with dysmenorrhea in each group were observed. Results Comparison of the latent period: compared with (4.38 ± 1.06) min in group B, the latent period of rats in group C (9.67 ± 1.32) min, group D (11.78 ± 1.30) min and group E (15.00 ± 1.22) min obviously prolonged (all p Conclusion The analgesic effect of mild moxibustion at different intervention times on cold-damp coagulation and stagnation type dysmenorrhea rats was different, which was the most significant in pre-instant moxibustion group. One of the mechanisms of action may be related with the adjustment of abnormal levels of ET-1 and NO.

To observe the difference of the effect of low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) on blood lipids between male and female patients with simple obesity due to damp induced by spleen deficiency. Eighty patients with simple obesity were recruited, including 37 males and 43 females, to receive low-frequency EA by selecting Yinlingquan (SP 10), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40), Quchi (LI 11), Tianshu (ST 25), Zhongwan (CV 12), Shuifen (CV 9), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4), with needles retained for 30 min. The treatment was given once a day, 10 sessions as a treatment course, for 2 courses in total. The contents of body fat percentage (F%), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood glucose (Glu) and adiponectin (ADPN) in serum were observed to see the changes, and the two groups were compared and analyzed. After the treatment, F%, and serum contents of TC, TG, LDL, Glu and ADPN dropped significantly in the two groups (P

To observe the effects of moxibustion at different times on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), in the uterine tissues of rats with dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness retention, and to explore the differences and possible mechanisms of moxibustion at different times in easing pain in dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness retention. Forty-three female Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank control group (n=7), a model group (n=9), a pre-moxibustion group (n=9), an immediate-moxibustion group (n=9) and a pre-moxibustion plus immediatemoxibustion group (n=9). Rat models of primary dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness retention were established using (0±1) °C ice water immersion method combined with injection of estradiol benzoate for 10 d, followed by injection of oxytocin on the 11th day. Rats in the 3 intervention groups received moxibustion to Shenque (CV 8) and Guanyuan (CV 4), 10 min for each acupoint, once a day. Rats in pre-moxibustion group were given mild moxibustion, beginning on the 8th day during modeling, for 3 continuous days; rats in immediate-moxibustion group were given one time mild moxibustion, immediately after injection of oxytocin on the 11th day during modeling; rats in pre-moxibustion plus immediate-moxibustion group were given mild moxibustion, beginning on the 8th day during modeling till immediately after injection of oxytocin on the 11th day during modeling, for 4 continuous days. The level of PGF2α in the rat uterine tissues was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the levels of PGE2 and AVP in rat uterine tissues were measured by radioimmunoassay. Compared with the blank control group, the levels of PGF2α and AVP, the PGF2α/PGE2 ratio in the model group were significantly increased (P

To observe different efficacies of low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) on pancreatic endocrine system in male and female patients with simple obesity due to spleen deficiency-related dampness. A total of 80 simple obesity patients were assigned to a male group (n=37) and a female group (n=43). Both groups received a 30-minute low-frequency EA at Yinlingquan (SP 9), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40), Quchi (LI 11), Tianshu (ST 25), Zhongwan (CV 12), Shuifen (CV 9), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4). The treatment was done once a day, and 10 times made up a course of treatment. Patients in both groups were treated for 2 courses. Then the changes in body mass index (BMI), serum insulin, insulin antibodies and leptin level in the two groups were observed and analyzed. After treatment, the BMI, serum insulin, insulin antibodies and leptin levels were significantly reduced in both groups (P

Objective To observe the effect of instant moxibustion on the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2α (PGE2α) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the uterine tissues of dismenorrhea rats with cold-damp congealing and stagnation type and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, herble medicine group, pre-moxibustion group and instant moxibustion group, with 9 rats in each group. Cold-damp congealing and stagnation type primary dismenorrhea models were established by adopting (0±1)°C ice water-extraction method combined with estradiol benzoate injection method. After modeling on the 8th day, in herble medicine group, Tongjingbao granules was given to the rats by intragastric administration. In pre-moxibustion group, mild moxibustion was carried out at “Shenque” ( CV 8) and “Guānyuan” ( CV 4) of the rats for 10 min at each acupoint. In instant moxibustion group, moxibustion as that in pre-moxibustion group was conducted for once after injection with oxytocin on the 11th day. ELISA was adopted to detect the levels of PGE2 and PGE2α in the uterine tissues of rats, and radioimmunoassay was used for detection of AVP level in the uterine tissues of rats. Results Compared with the model group, the latent period of rats in herbal medicine group, pre-moxibustion group and instant moxibustion group obviously prolonged, the number of times of torsion reduced, and the total score of torsion decreased (P Conclusion Both pre-moxibustion and instant moxibustion can obviously inhibit spasmodic uterine smooth muscle contraction of rats with dismenorrhea, regulate imbalanced levels of PGE2α and PGE2, reduce the AVP level, so as to improve the uterine hypoxia-ischemia, and play a role in alleviating pain. The efficacy of instant moxibustion was superior to that of pre-moxibustion.

Objective To explore the difference of low-frequency electroacupuncture in regulating serum leptin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) of male and female patients with simple obesity due to spleen deficiency and damp exuberance. Methods Eighty patients with simple obesity, including 37 males and 43 females, were included in this study. In both groups (male group and female group), Yīnlingquan ( SP 9), Sānyīnjiāo ( SP 6), Zusānl ( ST 36), Fēnglong ( ST 40), Qūchi ( LI 11), Tiānshū ( ST 25), Zhōngwan ( CV 12), Shuľfěn ( CV 9), Qihai ( CV 6), and Guānyuan ( cv 4). were selected, and low-frequency electroacupuncture treatment was applied. Needles were retained for 30 min. The treatment was conducted once a day, and 10 times were considered as one course of treatment. Two courses were needed. The changes of weight, BMI (body mass index), F% (fat percentage) and serum leptin and NPY contents of patients in the two groups before and after treatment were observed and analyzed comparatively. Results After treatment, in male group, the weight lost (9.24±2.55) kg, BMI reduced by 4.19±2.30, F% reduced by 3.98±2.13, serum leptin level reduced by (0.66±0.23) ng/mL, and serum NPY level reduced by (18.56±2.89) pg/mL; in female group, the weight lost (6.77±2.31) kg, BMI reduced by 2.65±0.93, F% reduced by 4.98±2.30, serum leptin level reduced by (3.49±1.09) ng/mL, and serum NPY level reduced by (11.21±1.97) pg/mL. The results reduced significantly when compared with the level before treatment ( P P P P Conclusion Low-frequency electroacupuncture can significantly regulate the weight, BMI, F% and serum leptin and NPY contents of male and female patients with simple obesity, and there are gender differences. In terms of reducing weight, BMI and serum NPY content, the efficacy of low-frequency electroacupuncture in males is superior to that in females, while in terms of reducing F% and serum leptin content, the efficacy in females is superior to that in males.

Particle Filter (PF) method is an efficient tool for non-rigidity objects tracking. The paper presents a Bayesian-based PF method for objects tracking in dynamic scenes. The paper discusses the Bayesian estimation algorithm and the PF process. The color histograms are used as the measurement to obtain the optimized posteriori probabilities by comparing the histogram of the particles’ rectangles in the sequence images with the reference histogram. The robust mean technique is applied to ascertain the objects’ positions. The author performed single object and multi-objects tracking in the experiments. In this paper, I compared the PF method with the meanshift algorithm, and the result shows that the PF method is more efficient.