Author: "William Thomas" / Topic: business - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

377 results on '"William Thomas"'

1. Survival of the Aequalis total shoulder replacement at a minimum 20-year follow-up: a clinical and radiographic study

Author: Christopher D. Smith, Jeff Kitson, Joshua Bird, Timothy Batten, Jonathan P Evans, and William Thomas
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual analogue scale, medicine.medical_treatment, Radiography, Prosthesis, Cohort Studies, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Rotator cuff, Range of Motion, Articular, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Shoulder Joint, business.industry, Shoulder Prosthesis, General Medicine, Arthroplasty, Confidence interval, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder, Humeral Head, Female, business, Shoulder replacement, Follow-Up Studies, Cohort study
Abstract: Aims Shoulder replacement is increasingly performed for end-stage arthritis. Information on the long-term survival and patient outcomes is very limited. This study aimed to quantify the survival and clinical outcome at a minimum of 20-yr follow-up. Methods A single-center, single-surgeon, consecutive cohort study was performed. Forty-four shoulder replacements in 40 patients (age at surgery 68.5 years, 82.5% female, preoperative visual analog scale [VAS] pain score 5.1/10, standard deviation [SD] 2.7) implanted between 1996 and 2000 were assessed. All-cause construct survival, radiographic glenoid and humeral stem loosening, radiographic humeral head migration, and patient-reported outcome measures were assessed. Results Survival with all-cause revision as an endpoint was 84.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60.7, 94.1) at 20 years, glenoid loosening was seen in all patients who survived to the 20-year follow-up. Survival of rotator cuff integrity was 16.8% (95% CI 3.5, 38.5) at 20 years. VAS pain scores demonstrated improvement at 10 years (mean change –4/10) but not at 20 years (effect size –0.15, mean change 0.4/10, SD 2.7). At 20 years, 72% of patients had died with the prosthesis in situ. Conclusion Older patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty are unlikely to require revision in their lifetime. However, beyond 10 years, a large proportion of implants demonstrate glenoid loosening, humeral head migration, and declining patient outcomes. This information will be of use to patients and clinicians when discussing the potential outcomes of surgery.
Published: 2021
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2. Observational study of thrombosis and bleeding in COVID-19 VV ECMO patients

Author: Stephen T. Webb, Alain Vuylsteke, Bobby Agrawal, Karen K. K. Sheares, Brianda Ripoll, Chinmay Patvardhan, William Thomas, Martin Besser, Antonio Rubino, and Hilary Shanahan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine (miscellaneous), Hemorrhage, Bioengineering, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, 0302 clinical medicine, Intensive care, medicine, Coagulopathy, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Humans, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Anticoagulants, COVID-19, Thrombosis, General Medicine, Heparin, medicine.disease, Pulmonary embolism, Emergency medicine, Observational study, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Introduction: COVID-19 has been associated with increased risk of thrombosis, heparin resistance and coagulopathy in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care. We report the incidence of thrombotic and bleeding events in a single center cohort of 30 consecutive patients with COVID-19 supported by veno-venous extracorporeal oxygenation (ECMO) and who had a whole body Computed Tomography Scanner (CT) on admission. Methodology: All patients were initially admitted to other hospitals and later assessed and retrieved by our ECMO team. ECMO was initiated in the referral center and all patients admitted through our CT scan before settling in our intensive care unit. Clinical management was guided by our institutional ECMO guidelines, established since 2011 and applied to at least 40 patients every year. Results: We diagnosed a thrombotic event in 13 patients on the initial CT scan. Two of these 13 patients subsequently developed further thrombotic complications. Five of those 13 patients had a subsequent clinically significant major bleeding. In addition, two patients presented with isolated intracranial bleeds. Of the 11 patients who did not have baseline thrombotic events, one had a subsequent oropharyngeal hemorrhage. When analyzed by ROC analysis, the area under the curve for % time in intended anticoagulation range did not predict thrombosis or bleeding during the ECMO run (0.36 (95% CI 0.10–0.62); and 0.51 (95% CI 0.25–0.78); respectively). Conclusion: We observed a high prevalence of VTE and a significant number of hemorrhages in these severely ill patients with COVID-19 requiring veno-venous ECMO support.
Published: 2021
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3. The parable of the railway agent: stories of progress and winter legumes in the twentieth-century South

Author: William Thomas Okie
Subjects: History, Agriculture, business.industry, Economic history, Historiography, Narrative, business
Abstract: This essay examines the abbreviated fiction-writing career of an unlikely author, Central of Georgia Railway agricultural agent Jesse Frisbie Jackson. In the process, the essay explores the central...
Published: 2020
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4. Differences in lumbar spine measures as a function of MRI posture in low back pain patients and its clinical implications

Author: Jonathan S. Dufour, William Thomas, Sue A. Ferguson, Ehud Mendel, Riley E. Splittstoesser, William S. Marras, Tarush Rustagi, and Abhinandan Reddy Mallepally
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Supine position, Posture, Sitting, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Orthodontics, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Reproducibility of Results, Flexed posture, General Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Low back pain, Sagittal plane, Neutral spine, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Lumbar spine, Thecal sac, medicine.symptom, business, Low Back Pain, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Study design Observational Study. Objective The primary objective was to determine if there were differences in spine structure measures between experimental postures and standard supine posture MRIs. Methods Thirty-four low back pain patients were included. MRI was taken in 6 experimental postures. The dependent measures includes sagittal view anterior (ADH), middle and posterior disc heights, thecal sac width, left/right foraminal height (FH). In the axial view: disc width, left and right foraminal height. Measures were done L3/L4, L4/L5 and L5/S1. Each subject served as their own control. Spine measurements in the experimental posture were compared to the same measures in the standard supine posture. Results 94% inter-observer reliability was seen. In the sagittal and axial view, 55 of the 108 and 11 of the 18 measures were significantly different. In sagittal view: a) ADH was significantly smaller in the sitting flexed posture by 2.50 mm ± 0.63 compared to the supine posture; b) ADH in sitting neutral posture was significantly smaller than the standard posture by 1.97 mm ± 0.86; c) sitting flexed posture showed that bilateral FH measures were significantly different; d) Bilateral FH was larger in the sitting neutral posture compared to the standard supine posture by 0.87 mm ± 0.17. Conclusions This research quantifies the differences in spine structure measures that occur in various experimental postures. The additional information gathered from an upright MRI may correlate with symptoms leading to an accurate diagnosis and assist in future spine research.
Published: 2020
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5. Direct Oral Anticoagulant Concentrations in Obese and High Body Weight Patients: A Cohort Study

Author: Beverley J. Hunt, William Thomas, Zahra Mahir, Stephen MacDonald, Anne Celine Martin, Victoria Collings, Alexander T. Cohen, Gary W. Moore, Terry Dowling, Maeve P. Crowley, and Karen Breen
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Percentile, Administration, Oral, Renal function, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gastroenterology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, medicine, Humans, Trough Concentration, Obesity, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Rivaroxaban, business.industry, Atrial fibrillation, Venous Thromboembolism, Hematology, Middle Aged, Overweight, medicine.disease, Female, Apixaban, Drug Monitoring, business, Body mass index, Factor Xa Inhibitors, medicine.drug, Cohort study
Abstract: Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are prescribed for atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) and both occur more frequently in obese patients. Outcomes from DOAC trials included few individuals ≥ 120 kg leading to uncertainty whether high body weight (BW) reduces DOAC concentrations. Objectives This article investigates the relationship between factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor concentrations, BW, and renal function, and compares them in high BW patients with unselected populations. Methods Consecutive patients in two United Kingdom centers, weighing ≥ 120 kg receiving 5 mg twice daily apixaban or 20 mg once daily rivaroxaban for AF or VTE were prospectively included. Peak or trough concentrations were measured using specific chromogenic assays, expressed in mean or median (5th–95th percentiles). On-therapy range was the interval from the 5th percentile trough concentration to the 95th percentile peak concentration. Results One hundred patients were included; age range: 23 to 78 years, 31% were women, 58% had AF, creatinine clearance range: 67 to 474 mL/min. Median BW was 139 kg, and 84% had body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m2. DOAC peak and trough concentrations varied from 44 to 727 and 14 to 299 ng/mL, respectively. There was no linear relationship between FXa inhibitor concentrations at peak or trough and BW or BMI, and creatinine clearance. Apixaban troughs in AF and rivaroxaban peaks in VTE were lower than in unselected populations. However, only two trough concentrations were below the expected range, and 109/116 were within the on-therapy range. Conclusion These data indicated that obese or high BW patients generally achieve therapeutic FXa inhibitor concentrations. However, further investigations assessing clinical outcomes are required.
Published: 2020
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6. Can CSF spectrophotometry for 'Xanthochromia' be used to detect leaking subarachnoid aneurysms in patients with sickle cell anemia with negative MRI or CT angiogram despite hyperbilirubinemia?

Author: William Thomas, Wan Yung Siu, Martin Besser, Alexandra M. Hogan, Rikin A. Trivedi, Umbareen Siddiqi, and Anita Sarker
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, spectroscopy, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Ct angiogram, lcsh:Medicine, Case Report, Context (language use), Case Reports, Cerebrospinal fluid, Xanthochromia, medicine, Polycystic kidney disease, In patient, lcsh:R5-920, polycystic kidney disease, CSF xanthochromia, business.industry, lcsh:R, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Sickle cell anemia, Radiology, business, lcsh:Medicine (General)
Abstract: CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid) xanthochromia by spectroscopy should not be dismissed in the context of hyperbilirubinemia in a patient with sickle cell anemia. Xanthochromia detected by spectrophotometry offers a vital clue that further invasive diagnosis is required., CSF xanthochromia by spectroscopy should not be dismissed in the context of hyperbilirubinemia in a patient with sickle cell anemia. Xanthochromia detected by spectrophotometry offers a vital clue that further invasive diagnosis is required.
Published: 2020

7. Modern Food as Distributed Food: The Thin Ripe Line: Watermelons, Pushcarts, Distribution, and Decay

Author: William Thomas Okie
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Line (text file), business
Published: 2021
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8. Characterization and treatment of congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Author: Sarah Davis, William Thomas, Marie Scully, Mari Thomas, Rachel Rayment, Amanda Clark, Marianna David, Tanya Cranfield, Neha Bhatnagar, Jayanthi Alamelu, Hamish Lyall, Ri Liesner, Henry G. Watson, Quentin A. Hill, Ferras Alwan, Nicole Priddee, Richard Gooding, Maeve P. Crowley, William Lester, Tina Biss, Tina Dutt, Joost J. van Veen, Nichola Cooper, Jayashree Motwani, John-Paul Westwood, and Chiara Vendramin
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Abdominal pain, Premedication, Immunology, ADAMTS13 Protein, Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biochemistry, Plasma, 03 medical and health sciences, Lethargy, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Factor VIII, Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic, business.industry, Cell Biology, Hematology, medicine.disease, ADAMTS13, Stroke, Child, Preschool, Mutation, Female, Fresh frozen plasma, medicine.symptom, Headaches, Age of onset, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) is an ultra-rare thrombomicroangiopathy caused by an inherited deficiency of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13). There are limited data on genotype-phenotype correlation; there is no consensus on treatment. We reviewed the largest cohort of cTTP cases, diagnosed in the United Kingdom, over the past 15 years. Seventy-three cases of cTTP were diagnosed, confirmed by genetic analysis. Ninety-three percent were alive at the time of review. Thirty-six percent had homozygous mutations; 64% had compound heterozygous mutations. Two presentation peaks were seen: childhood (median diagnosis age, 3.5 years) and adulthood, typically related to pregnancy (median diagnosis age, 31 years). Genetic mutations differed by age of onset with prespacer mutations more likely to be associated with childhood onset (P = .0011). Sixty-nine percent of adult presentations were associated with pregnancy. Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and intermediate purity factor VIII concentrate were used as treatment. Eighty-eight percent of patients with normal blood counts, but with headaches, lethargy, or abdominal pain, reported symptom resolution with prophylactic therapy. The most common currently used regimen of 3-weekly FFP proved insufficient for 70% of patients and weekly or fortnightly infusions were required. Stroke incidence was significantly reduced in patients receiving prophylactic therapy (2% vs 17%; P = .04). Long-term, there is a risk of end-organ damage, seen in 75% of patients with late diagnosis of cTTP. In conclusion, prespacer mutations are associated with earlier development of cTTP symptoms. Prophylactic ADAMTS13 replacement decreases the risk of end-organ damage such as ischemic stroke and resolved previously unrecognized symptoms in patients with nonovert disease.
Published: 2019
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9. Airbnb during COVID-19 and what this tells us about Airbnb’s Impact on Rental Prices

Author: William Thomas Thackway and Christopher Pettit
Subjects: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, General Engineering, HT101-395, Monetary economics, Disruptive technology, Renting, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, Sharing economy, business, Transportation and communications, Stock (geology), Tourism, HE1-9990
Abstract: This study assesses how an overall decline in Airbnb activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic has affected rental supply and prices in Sydney. Using a comprehensive record of Airbnb listings and rental sales data, we study how Airbnb activity and the rental market has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that in active Airbnb neighbourhoods, the supply of long-term rental stock has increased in response to reduced Airbnb activity, whereas rental supply has fallen in inactive Airbnb neighbourhoods. Our results indicate that rental prices have fallen proportionately with Airbnb activity, up to 7.1% in the most active Airbnb neighbourhoods.
Published: 2021

10. Therapeutic Hypothermia Inhibits the Classical Complement Pathway in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Author: Tushar A. Shah, Haree K. Pallera, Cortney L. Kaszowski, William Thomas Bass, and Frank A. Lattanzio
Subjects: Microglia, business.industry, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, General Neuroscience, microglia, therapeutic hypothermia, Pharmacology, Hypothermia, complement – immunological term, Neuroprotection, Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy, Complement system, neuroinflammation, lcsh:RC321-571, Classical complement pathway, Immune system, medicine.anatomical_structure, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Neuroinflammation, Neuroscience, Original Research, c1q
Abstract: ObjectiveComplement activation is instrumental in the pathogenesis of Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a significant cause of neonatal mortality and disability worldwide. Therapeutic hypothermia (HT), the only available treatment for HIE, only modestly improves outcomes. Complement modulation as a therapeutic adjunct to HT has been considered, but is challenging due to the wide-ranging role of the complement system in neuroinflammation, homeostasis and neurogenesis in the developing brain. We sought to identify potential therapeutic targets by measuring the impact of treatment with HT on complement effector expression in neurons and glia in neonatal HIE, with particular emphasis on the interactions between microglia and C1q.MethodsThe Vannucci model was used to induce HIE in term-equivalent rat pups. At P10-12, pups were randomly assigned to three different treatment groups: Sham (control), normothermia (NT), and hypothermia (HT) treatment. Local and systemic complement expression and neuronal apoptosis were measured by ELISA, TUNEL and immunofluorescence labeling, and differences compared between groups.ResultsTreatment with HT is associated with decreased systemic and microglial expression of C1q, decreased systemic C5a levels, and decreased microglial and neuronal deposition of C3 and C9. The effect of HT on cytokines was variable with decreased expression of pro and anti-inflammatory effectors. HT treatment was associated with decreased C1q binding on cells undergoing apoptosis.ConclusionOur data demonstrate the extreme complexity of the immune response in neonatal HIE. We propose modulation of downstream effectors C3a and C5a as a therapeutic adjunct to HT to enhance neuroprotection in the developing brain.
Published: 2021
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11. Agriculture and Rural Life in the South, 1900–1945

Author: William Thomas Okie
Subjects: New Deal, Sharecropping, Agrarian society, Geography, Agriculture, business.industry, Rural area, business, Agricultural economics
Abstract: The period from 1900 to 1945 was characterized by both surprising continuity and dramatic change in southern agriculture. Unlike the rest of the nation, which urbanized and industrialized at a rapid pace in the late nineteenth century, the South remained overwhelmingly rural and poor, from the 1880s through the 1930s. But by 1945, the region was beginning to urbanize and industrialize into a recognizably modern South, with a population concentrated in urban centers, industries taking hold, and agriculture following the larger-scale, mechanized trend common in other farming regions of the country. Three overlapping factors explain this long lag followed by rapid transformation. First, the cumulative effects of two centuries of land-extensive, staple crop agriculture and white supremacy had sapped the region of much of its fertility and limited its options for prosperity. Second, in response to this “problem South,” generations of reformers sought to modernize the South, along with other rural areas around the world. These piecemeal efforts became the foundation for the South’s dramatic transformation by federal policy known as the New Deal. Third, poor rural southerners, both black and white, left the countryside in increasing numbers. Coupled with the labor demands created by two major military conflicts, World War I and World War II, this movement aided and abetted the mechanization of agriculture and the depopulation of the rural South.
Published: 2020
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12. Does size of tendon gap affect patient-reported outcome following Achilles tendon rupture treated with functional rehabilitation?

Author: Richard Myatt, Mohamed Yassin, William Thomas, Vatsal Gupta, Devendra Mahadevan, and Tagrit Hoque
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Affect (psychology), Achilles Tendon, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tendon Injuries, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Prospective Studies, Physical Therapy Modalities, Functional rehabilitation, Aged, Ultrasonography, Aged, 80 and over, Rupture, 030222 orthopedics, Rehabilitation, business.industry, 030229 sport sciences, Recovery of Function, Middle Aged, Tendon, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Patient-reported outcome, Female, Achilles tendon rupture, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Aims Functional rehabilitation has become an increasingly popular treatment for Achilles tendon rupture (ATR), providing comparably low re-rupture rates to surgery, while avoiding risks of surgical complications. Limited evidence exists on whether gap size should affect patient selection for this treatment option. The aim of this study was to assess if size of gap between ruptured tendon ends affects patient-reported outcome following ATR treated with functional rehabilitation. Methods Analysis of prospectively collected data on all 131 patients diagnosed with ATR at Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK, from August 2016 to January 2019 and managed non-operatively was performed. Diagnosis was confirmed on all patients by dynamic ultrasound scanning and gap size measured with ankle in full plantarflexion. Functional rehabilitation using an established protocol was the preferred treatment. All non-operatively treated patients with completed Achilles Tendon Rupture Scores (ATRS) at a minimum of 12 months following injury were included. Results In all, 82 patients with completed ATRS were included in the analysis. Their mean age was 51 years (standard deviation (SD) 14). The mean ATRS was 76 (SD 19) at a mean follow-up of 20 months (SD 11) following injury. Gap inversely affected ATRS with a Pearson’s correlation of -0.30 (p = 0.008). Mean ATRS was lower with gaps > 5 mm compared with ≤ 5 mm (73 (SD 21) vs 82 (SD 16); p = 0.031). Mean ATRS was lowest (70 (SD 23)) with gaps > 10 mm, with significant differences in perceived strength and pain. The overall re-rupture rate was two out of 131 (1.5%). Conclusion Increasing gap size predicts lower patient-reported outcome, as measured by ATRS. Tendon gap > 5 mm may be a useful predictor in physically demanding individuals, and tendon gap > 10 mm for those with low physical demand. Further studies that control for gap size when comparing non-operative and operative treatment are required to assess if these patients may benefit from surgery, particularly when balanced against the surgical risks. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(11):1535–1541.
Published: 2020

13. An Australian Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Implications on the Practice of Neurosurgery

Author: William Thomas James, Joyce Antony, Teresa Withers, Dwarkesh Dharmendra Barot, and Anna Jolly Neriamparambil
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, Pneumonia, Viral, Population, Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurology, Disease, Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology, Neurosurgical Procedures, Article, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pandemic, Subarachnoid Haemorrhage, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, education, Pandemics, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Public health, Australia, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Emergency medicine, Female, Observational study, Surgery, Public Health, Neurology (clinical), Coronavirus Infections, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective This study was designed to assess the impact of public health policy in Australia in response to the coronavirus disease identified in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the delivery of neurosurgical services. Being essential services, we postulated that there would not be a decrease in elective and emergency neurosurgical presentations and surgeries. Methods This is a prospective, observational, epidemiologic study in strict adherence to the “STROBE” (Strengthening The Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. It is a cross-sectional, multicentric study involving 5 tertiary neurosurgical centers to capture all public neurosurgical admissions in Queensland during the past 3 months (February−April, 2020) of significant public health policy changes to combat COVID-19. Results An analysis of the 1298 admissions for the Queensland population of 5.07 million Australians demonstrated a decrease in the number of elective and emergency admissions. The decline in elective admissions, particularly degenerative spine, benign neoplasms, and vascular pathologies, was a direct response of government strategy to curb activity to urgent surgical interventions only. Moreover, a trend toward fewer emergency admissions was also noted, partly explained by less trauma and also a decline in vascular pathologies including subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conclusions In comparison with Europe and North America, this study demonstrates the impact of proactive public health measures in Australia that successfully flattened the COVID-19 curve while facilitating ongoing care of acutely unwell neurosurgical patients.
Published: 2020
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14. Real-world experience with caplacizumab in the management of acute TTP

Author: Jun Yong, Hamish Lyall, Oliver Tomkins, Rebecca J Shaw, Louise Humphrey, Tina Dutt, Phillip L R Nicolson, William Thomas, Rachel Rayment, Matthew J Stubbs, Alexandros Rampotas, Gillian C. Lowe, Michael J R Desborough, Quentin A. Hill, Richard Gooding, Toby A. Eyre, Joost J. van Veen, John R. Grainger, Joanna Haughton, Maeve P. Crowley, Susan Rhodes, John Hanley, Cheng Hock Toh, Alice Taylor, Benjamin Bailiff, Muhammad Mohsin, Steven Lane, Nicole Priddee, Tanya Cranfield, Marie Scully, and Joannes Hermans
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biochemistry, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Fibrinolytic Agents, law, Internal medicine, von Willebrand Factor, medicine, Intubation, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, European union, Young adult, Child, media_common, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic, business.industry, Disease Management, Cell Biology, Hematology, Middle Aged, Single-Domain Antibodies, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Rituximab, Female, Caplacizumab, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: The cornerstone of life-saving therapy in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) has been plasma exchange (PEX) combined with immunomodulatory strategies. Caplacizumab, a novel anti–von Willebrand factor nanobody trialed in 2 multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCTs) leading to European Union and US Food and Drug Administration approval, has been available in the United Kingdom (UK) through a patient access scheme. Data were collected retrospectively from 2018 to 2020 for 85 patients (4 children) receiving caplacizumab from 22 UK hospitals. Patient characteristics and outcomes in the real-world clinical setting were compared with caplacizumab trial end points and historical outcomes in the precaplacizumab era. Eighty-four of 85 patients received steroid and rituximab alongside PEX; 26% required intubation. Median time to platelet count normalization (3 days), duration of PEX (7 days), and hospital stay (12 days) were comparable with RCT data. Median duration of PEX and time from PEX initiation to platelet count normalization were favorable compared with historical outcomes (P < .05). Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) recurred in 5 of 85 patients; all had persistent ADAMTS13 activity < 5 IU/dL. Of 31 adverse events in 26 patients, 17 of 31 (55%) were bleeding episodes, and 5 of 31 (16%) were thrombotic events (2 unrelated to caplacizumab); mortality was 6% (5/85), with no deaths attributed to caplacizumab. In 4 of 5 deaths, caplacizumab was introduced >48 hours after PEX initiation (3-21 days). This real-world evidence represents the first and largest series of TTP patients, including pediatric patients, receiving caplacizumab outside of clinical trials. Representative of true clinical practice, the findings provide valuable information for clinicians treating TTP globally.
Published: 2020

15. The March of Intellect, A Comic Poem (1830)

Author: William Thomas Moncrieff
Subjects: Literature, Poetry, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Intellect, Art, Comics, business, media_common
Published: 2020
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16. Intrathecal Viral Vector Delivery of Trastuzumab Prevents or Inhibits Tumor Growth of Human HER2-Positive Xenografts in Mice

Author: William Thomas Rothwell, Anna Tretiakova, Laura K. Richman, Maria P. Limberis, Peter Bell, Mingyao Li, and James M. Wilson
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Receptor, ErbB-2, medicine.drug_class, Genetic Vectors, Brain tumor, Breast Neoplasms, Monoclonal antibody, Viral vector, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Delivery Systems, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Mice, Inbred NOD, Trastuzumab, In vivo, Neoplasms, medicine, Adjuvant therapy, Animals, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, skin and connective tissue diseases, neoplasms, Injections, Spinal, Homeodomain Proteins, Brain Neoplasms, business.industry, Macrophages, Cancer, Dependovirus, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Macaca, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Breast cancer brain metastases are a deadly sequela of primary breast tumors that overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2); median survival for patients with these tumors is 10 to 13 months from the time of diagnosis. Current treatments for HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases are invasive, toxic, and largely ineffective. Here, we have developed an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector to express the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) in vivo. A single prophylactic intrathecal administration of AAV9.trastuzumab vector in a novel orthotopic Rag1−/− murine xenograft model of HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases significantly increased median survival, attenuated brain tumor growth, and preserved both the HER2 antigen specificity and the natural killer cell–associated mechanism of action of trastuzumab. When administered as a tumor treatment, AAV9.trastuzumab increased median survival. Dose-escalation studies revealed that higher doses of AAV9.trastuzumab resulted in smaller tumor volumes. Our results indicate that intrathecal AAV9.trastuzumab may provide significant antitumor activity in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases. Significance: Intrathecal delivery of trastuzumab via adeno-associated virus has the potential to become a novel, integral part of adjuvant therapy for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6171–82. ©2018 AACR.
Published: 2018
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17. The spread of Injectate after ultrasound-guided lateral elbow injection – a cadaveric study

Author: Jeremy Metz, Christopher D. Smith, Rahul Anaspure, Andrew D. King, Vicki Goodwin, William Thomas, and Jonathan P Evans
Subjects: 030222 orthopedics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Common extensor tendon, business.industry, Research, Elbow, Arthroscopy, 030229 sport sciences, Dissection (medical), medicine.disease, Ultrasound guided, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:RD701-811, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, lcsh:Orthopedic surgery, Cadaver, Orthopedic surgery, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Cadaveric spasm, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: Background Injections into the tendinous portion of the common extensor origin are a common intervention in the treatment of Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy (LET). Clinical trials report a heterogeneous selection of injectate volumes and delivery techniques, with systematic reviews finding no clear consensus. The aim of this study was to assess the intratendinous distribution and surrounding tissue contamination of ultrasound-guided injections into the Common Extensor Tendon (CET) of the elbow. Methods Twenty cadaveric elbows were injected by a Consultant Radiologist under Ultrasound guidance. Elbows were randomised to equal groups of 1 or 3 mls of methylene blue injection, delivered using single shot or fenestrated techniques. Following injection, each cadaver underwent a dry arthroscopy and dissection of superficial tissues. The CET was excised, set and divided into 1 mm sections using microtome. Each slice was photographed and analysed to assess spread and pixel density of injectate in four colour graduations. The cross-sectional area of distribution was calculated and compared between groups. Results In all 20 cadaveric samples, contamination of the joint was noted on arthroscopy and dissection. Injectate spread through over 97% of the cross-sectional area. No differences were found in intratendinous spread of injectate between differing volumes or techniques. Conclusion This study found that commonly used injection volumes and techniques distribute widely throughout cadaveric CETs. There was no improvement when the volume was increased from 1 to 3 mls or between single shot of fenestrated injection techniques. It should be noted that joint contamination using these techniques and volumes may be inevitable. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40634-018-0142-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018
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18. Physicochemical property guidelines for modern agrochemicals

Author: Carla J.R. Klittich, Thomas C. Sparks, Yu Zhang, Joshua Roth, Lambert William Thomas, Nick X. Wang, Mike R Loso, Jeremy Kister, Scott Castetter, and Beth A. Lorsbach
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Property (philosophy), business.industry, Agrochemical, General Medicine, Chemical industry, 01 natural sciences, 010602 entomology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Agriculture, Insect Science, Business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Environmental planning
Abstract: The relentless need for the discovery and development of new agrochemicals continues as a result of driving forces such as loss of existing products through the development of resistance, the necessity for products with more favorable environmental and toxicological profiles, shifting pest spectra, and the changing agricultural needs and practices of the farming community. These new challenges underscore the demand for novel, high-quality starting points to accelerate the discovery of new agrochemicals that address market challenges. This article discusses the efforts to identify the optimum ranges of physicochemical properties of agrochemicals through analysis of modern commercial products. Specifically, we reviewed literature studies examining physicochemical property effects and analyzed the properties typical of successful fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides (chewing and sap-feeding pests). From the analysis, a new set of physicochemical property guidelines for each discipline, as well as building block class, are proposed. These new guidelines should significantly aid in the discovery of next-generation agrochemicals. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Published: 2018
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19. Does the triceps-on approach affect alignment in total elbow arthroplasty? A cadaveric study

Author: Andrew D. King, Christopher M. Smith, James C. Beazley, Robin J S Jones, Simon Booker, William Thomas, and Jonathan P Evans
Subjects: 030222 orthopedics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Extensor mechanism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 030229 sport sciences, Affect (psychology), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Total elbow arthroplasty, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, Cadaveric spasm, business
Abstract: Background The triceps-on approach for total elbow arthroplasty has gained popularity due to the theoretical benefit of preserving the extensor mechanism. However, there is concern that the exposure may be reduced in comparison to a triceps-off approach and may affect the implant alignment achieved. Method Total elbow arthroplasties were implanted in 18 randomised, paired cadaveric elbows using the triceps-on or triceps-off approach. The bones were dissected out and the position of the implants measured relative to anatomical landmarks. The flexion/extension and varus/valgus angles, and the distance of centre of rotation from the anatomic centre of rotation in the sagittal plane for both components were obtained as well as the humeral component rotation relative to the transepicondylar axis. Results All humeral components were positioned in external rotation and all ulna components were placed in flexion. Seven components were positioned greater than 5° away from the ideal in one measurement, with no significant difference between the two approach groups. Discussion This unique study showed no significant difference in the alignment of the implants between the two approaches. These results support the theory that the triceps-on approach does not result in larger alignment errors in component positioning when performing total elbow arthroplasty.
Published: 2018
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20. A case-control study comparing the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) ratings of patients undergoing leprosy treatment, people cured of leprosy, and controls in Vietnam

Author: Ngô Duy Đăng Khoa, Nguyễn Nhụ’t Tru’Ò’Ng, William Thomas Nicholas Hunt, Vasilis Nikolaou, Nguyễn Thanh Hùng, and Trần Hồng Ly
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Case-control study, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicine, Leprosy, Dermatology Life Quality Index, business, medicine.disease, Dermatology, General Environmental Science
Published: 2018
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21. The colonisation of the glenohumeral joint by Propionibacterium acnes is not associated with frozen shoulder but is more likely to occur after an injection into the joint

Author: William Thomas, M Boyd, Jonathan P Evans, Cressida Auckland, Sian Gallacher, Christopher D. Smith, Jeff Kitson, and Simon Booker
Subjects: 030222 orthopedics, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Shoulder surgery, business.industry, Propionibacterium, medicine.medical_treatment, Frozen shoulder, Capsule, 030229 sport sciences, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Surgery, Colonisation, 03 medical and health sciences, Propionibacterium acnes, Exact test, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Arthroscopic Capsular Release, business
Abstract: Aims Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of Propionibacterium (P.) acnes in the subcutaneous fat and capsule of patients undergoing shoulder surgery for frozen shoulder or instability. Patients and Methods A total of 46 patients undergoing either an arthroscopic capsular release or stabilisation had biopsies taken from the subcutaneous fat and capsule of the shoulder at the time of surgery. These samples were sent for culture in enrichment, and also for Nucleic Acid Amplification testing. The prevalence of P. acnes and other microbes was recorded. Fisher's exact test of binary variables was used to calculate the association with significance set at p < 0.05. Assessment of influence of independent variables including a pre-operative glenohumeral injection, fat colonisation and gender, was undertaken using binary linear regression. Results A total of 25 patients (53%) had P. acnes in one or more tissue samples and 35 (74%) had other bacterial species. The same microbe was found in the subcutaneous fat and the capsule in 13 patients (28%). There was no statistically significant association between the surgical pathology and capsular colonisation with P. acnes (p = 0.18) or mixed identified bacterial species (p = 0.77). Male gender was significantly associated with an increased capsular colonisation of P. acnes (odds ratio (OR) 12.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43 to 106.77, p = 0.02). A pre-operative glenohumeral injection was significantly associated with capsular P. acnes colonisation (OR 5.63, 95% CI 1.07 to 29.61, p = 0.04. Positive fat colonisation with P. acnes was significantly associated with capsular P. acnes (OR 363, 95% CI 20.90 to 6304.19, p < 0.01). Regression models pseudo R2 found fat colonisation with P. acnes to explain 70% of the variance of the model. Patients who had a pre-operative glenohumeral injection who were found intra-operatively to have fat colonisation with P. acnes had a statistically significant association with colonisation of their capsule with P. acnes (OR 165, 95% CI 13.51 to 2015.24, p < 0.01). Conclusion These results show a statistically significant association between subcutaneous skin P. acnes culture and P. acnes capsular culture, especially when the patient has undergone a previous injection. The results refute the hypothesis that P. acnes causes frozen shoulder. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1067–72.
Published: 2017
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22. Presenting ADAMTS13 antibody and antigen levels predict prognosis in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Author: Oliver Chapman, William Lester, Debra Ellis, K. Douglas, John-Paul Westwood, Sylvia Benjamin, Tanya Cranfield, Chiara Vendramin, Katy Langley, Tina T. Biss, J. J. van Veen, Karen Vanhoorelbeke, Lynn Manson, Ferras Alwan, Mari Thomas, Nichola Cooper, Quentin A. Hill, Steve Austin, Tina Dutt, Richard Gooding, Amanda Clark, Marie Scully, Vickie McDonald, Henry G. Watson, William Thomas, and Keith Sibson
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Immunology, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, ADAMTS13 Protein, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biochemistry, Disease-Free Survival, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Humans, Child, Prospective cohort study, Survival rate, Aged, Autoantibodies, Aged, 80 and over, Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic, biology, business.industry, Cell Biology, Hematology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, ADAMTS13, Survival Rate, Quartile, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening disorder caused by antibodies against ADAMTS13. From the United Kingdom TTP registry, we undertook a prospective study investigating the impact of the presenting anti-ADAMTS13 IgG antibody and ADAMTS13 antigen on mortality. A total of 312 episodes involving 292 patients over 87 months were included; 68% were female, median age 46 (range, 11-88 years), and median presenting ADAMTS13 of 77%) had a mortality of 16.9% compared with 5.0% for the lowest quartile (antibody 11%) (P = .005). The synergistic effect of anti-ADAMTS13 IgG antibody in the upper quartile and ADAMTS13 antigen in the lowest quartile had the highest mortality of 27.3%. We conclude that both anti-ADAMTS13 IgG antibody and ADAMTS13 antigen levels correlate with outcome in TTP with increased cardiac and neurological involvement and increased mortality.
Published: 2017
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23. The solar-C (EUVST) mission: The latest status

Author: Paul Boerner, Toshifumi Shimizu, Andrzej Fludra, Frédéric Auchère, Shinsuke Imada, Sarah A. Matthews, Tomoko Kawate, Louise K. Harra, Takahiro Hasegawa, Hirohisa Hara, Harry P. Warren, Luca Poletto, Takaaki Yokoyama, Shin’ichi Nagata, Kyoko Watanabe, Kiyoshi Ichimoto, Masahito Kubo, Tetsuya Watanabe, Clarence M. Korendyke, Udo H. Schuehle, William Thomas, Shin Toriumi, Luca Teriaca, Giampiero Naletto, Yoshinori Suematsu, Sami K. Solanki, Katsuhiko Tsuno, Toshihiro Tsuzuki, Bart De Pontieu, Hamish A. S. Reid, Yukio Katsukawa, Ryoko Ishikawa, Vincenzo Andretta, B. Hancock, and David Long
Subjects: Astronautics, Engineering, Payload, business.industry, Imaging spectrometer, Solar Physics, EUV, Heliophysics, Spectroscopy, Solar physics, law.invention, Telescope, Aeronautics, law, Planet, Aerospace, business
Abstract: Solar-C (EUVST) is the next Japanese solar physics mission to be developed with significant contributions from US and European countries. The mission carries an EUV imaging spectrometer with slit-jaw imaging system called EUVST (EUV High-Throughput Spectroscopic Telescope) as the mission payload, to take a fundamental step towards answering how the plasma universe is created and evolves and how the Sun influences the Earth and other planets in our solar system. In April 2020, ISAS (Institute of Space and Astronautical Science) of JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) has made the final down-selection for this mission as the 4th in the series of competitively chosen M-class mission to be launched with an Epsilon launch vehicle in mid 2020s. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) has selected this mission concept for Phase A concept study in September 2019 and is in the process leading to final selection. For European countries, the team has (or is in the process of confirming) confirmed endorsement for hardware contributions to the EUVST from the national agencies. A recent update to the mission instrumentation is to add a UV spectral irradiance monitor capability for EUVST calibration and scientific purpose. This presentation provides the latest status of the mission with an overall description of the mission concept emphasizing on key roles of the mission in heliophysics research from mid 2020s.
Published: 2020

24. Systematic review of the prospective association of daily step counts with risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease, and dysglycemia

Author: Amanda E. Paluch, William Thomas, Susan A. Carlson, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Janet E. Fulton, Kelly R. Evenson, John D. Omura, Deborah A. Galuska, David R. Bassett, Katherine S. Hall, Ulf Ekelund, Eric T. Hyde, Charles E. Matthews, I-Min Lee, and William E. Kraus
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, Physical fitness, Medicine (miscellaneous), Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Disease, Fitness Trackers, Walking, Cochrane Library, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical activity guidelines, Risk of mortality, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, lcsh:RC620-627, Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Public health, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Physical activity, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Incidence (epidemiology), Research, Prevention, Diabetes, lcsh:RA1-1270, 030229 sport sciences, Accelerometer, lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases, Pedometer, Emergency medicine, business
Abstract: Background Daily step counts is an intuitive metric that has demonstrated success in motivating physical activity in adults and may hold potential for future public health physical activity recommendations. This review seeks to clarify the pattern of the associations between daily steps and subsequent all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality, and dysglycemia, as well as the number of daily steps needed for health outcomes. Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify prospective studies assessing daily step count measured by pedometer or accelerometer and their associations with all-cause mortality, CVD morbidity or mortality, and dysglycemia (dysglycemia or diabetes incidence, insulin sensitivity, fasting glucose, HbA1c). The search was performed across the Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to August 1, 2019. Eligibility criteria included longitudinal design with health outcomes assessed at baseline and subsequent timepoints; defining steps per day as the exposure; reporting all-cause mortality, CVD morbidity or mortality, and/or dysglycemia outcomes; adults ≥18 years old; and non-patient populations. Results Seventeen prospective studies involving over 30,000 adults were identified. Five studies reported on all-cause mortality (follow-up time 4–10 years), four on cardiovascular risk or events (6 months to 6 years), and eight on dysglycemia outcomes (3 months to 5 years). For each 1000 daily step count increase at baseline, risk reductions in all-cause mortality (6–36%) and CVD (5–21%) at follow-up were estimated across a subsample of included studies. There was no evidence of significant interaction by age, sex, health conditions or behaviors (e.g., alcohol use, smoking status, diet) among studies that tested for interactions. Studies examining dysglycemia outcomes report inconsistent findings, partially due to heterogeneity across studies of glycemia-related biomarker outcomes, analytic approaches, and sample characteristics. Conclusions Evidence from longitudinal data consistently demonstrated that walking an additional 1000 steps per day can help lower the risk of all-cause mortality, and CVD morbidity and mortality in adults, and that health benefits are present below 10,000 steps per day. However, the shape of the dose-response relation is not yet clear. Data are currently lacking to identify a specific minimum threshold of daily step counts needed to obtain overall health benefit.
Published: 2020

25. A single centre experience of low dose direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) after unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE)

Author: Karen Sheares, Emily Symington, Martin Besser, and William Thomas
Subjects: Rivaroxaban, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Low dose, medicine.disease, Single centre, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Internal medicine, medicine, Apixaban, cardiovascular diseases, Inherited thrombophilia, business, Venous thromboembolism, Major bleeding, medicine.drug
Abstract: 2 trials report effective secondary prevention with low dose apixaban or rivaroxaban after the initial treatment period for VTE (Agnelli 2013 & Weitz 2017). This is a retrospective service evaluation of low dose DOAC over 1 year in patients with unprovoked VTE. Methods: At 3 months post PE or proximal DVT, patients are assessed for VTE and bleeding risk factors. Patients with unprovoked VTE (without chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, high risk inherited thrombophilia or antiphospholipid syndrome & Results: 212 patients continued DOAC as extended thromboprophylaxis; 79 (37%) with standard dose and 133 (63%) with low dose. Of the patients that continued with low dose DOAC, there was 1 VTE recurrence in 137.4 patient years follow-up; a recurrence rate of 0.7/100 patient years (95% CI 0.0 – 4.0). There were no major bleeds or deaths (95% CI 0.0 – 2.7/100 patient years). Conclusion: At our centre, 63% of patients are treated with low dose DOAC and an average follow-up of more than a year showed low VTE recurrence and major bleeding rates. Larger trials are awaited
Published: 2019
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26. Vacuum phenomenon in the shoulder of a child

Author: Philip Stephen William Thomas, Ian Cc King, and Partha Ray
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Free gas, Vacuum phenomenon, Left glenohumeral joint, Knee Injuries, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Full recovery, medicine, Deformity, Humans, Child, Unusual Presentation of More Common Disease/Injury, business.industry, Shoulder Dislocation, Accidents, Traffic, General Medicine, Surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Plain radiographs, medicine.symptom, Shoulder Injuries, Range of motion, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: A 10-year-old boy struck a car bonnet following which his left shoulder got pinned under the wheel. No life-threatening injuries were identified. However, the patient sustained extensive abrasions to the back and the left shoulder, a closed deformity of the left clavicle and a swollen, but stable right knee. The patient was neurovascularly intact globally and all joints had a full range of motion. Plain radiographs suggested a possible greenstick fracture of the left clavicle, but also free gas within the left glenohumeral joint. Concern was raised of an unidentified open injury to the joint. CT was supportive of the finding of gas within the left glenohumeral joint, but ruled out the possible greenstick fracture as a spurious finding. There were no other injuries. The gas was within the left glenohumeral joint and was consistent with vacuum phenomenon. The injury was treated expectantly and the child made a full recovery.
Published: 2019

27. Area melting with multi-laser arrays to increase build rate for metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

Author: William Thomas Carter, David Charles Bogdan, Brian Mccarthy, Jason Harris Karp, Michael Graham, and Victor Petrovich Ostroverkhov
Subjects: Optical fiber, Materials science, Laser diode, business.industry, Laser, law.invention, Power (physics), law, Fiber laser, Metal powder, Optoelectronics, business, Communication channel, Diode
Abstract: Printing functional, metal parts for mass production using powder bed fusion additive manufacturing requires the ability to deposit more energy at the working plane to increase build rate. Conventional approaches serially add fiber lasers and scanners to create dual and quad laser machines, but scaling this strategy is limited by the size of powder bed while current scan parameters do not utilize the full output potential of available laser sources. Instead, a processing head containing an array of lower power laser sources can melt wider regions of a powder bed simultaneously to increase build rate. A 16 channel processing head comprised of fiber-coupled direct diodes capable of outputting up to 960W of combined power is presented. Fiber arrays arranged to melt widened tracks of CoCr powder demonstrated builds with >99% density at 2x the build rate of conventional, single laser systems. Details of the array layout, optical system and controls are presented along with scan strategies for melt tracks of varying widths. Most importantly, the array configuration can be scaled to multi-kW outputs spread over larger areas without requiring new parameter development as the energy per unit area remains unchanged with channel count.
Published: 2019
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28. Bortezomib for treatment-refractory autoimmune haemolytic anaemia following multivisceral transplantation

Author: Lisa Sharkey, William Thomas, Andrew J. Butler, and Darren Wong
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Case Report, Gastroenterology, Bortezomib, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Refractory, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, business.industry, General Medicine, Haemolysis, Transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Proteasome inhibitor, Alemtuzumab, Rituximab, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune, Bone marrow, business, 030215 immunology, medicine.drug
Abstract: A 25-year-old man who received alemtuzumab as induction therapy for a multivisceral transplant experienced delayed onset of warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and neutropaenia. Serological testing and bone marrow biopsy excluded alternative causes. Haemolysis was refractory to standard therapies including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and rituximab. The patient was successfully treated with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, and has remained well as an outpatient without evidence of ongoing haemolysis.
Published: 2021
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29. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: an elusive syndrome

Author: Mars van’t Veer, William Thomas, and Martin Besser
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, General physician, Reviews, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, Presentation, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Macrophage activation syndrome, Humans, Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, 030215 immunology, media_common
Abstract: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare inflammatory condition. It can present in adult general medical patients and is a challenging diagnostic conundrum. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of the syndrome for the general physician who will be rarely confronted with this problem but will have to act promptly when the situation arises. Treatment is also briefly discussed, although this usually occurs in a specialist setting after the diagnosis has been established.
Published: 2016
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30. Aspirin use and the incidence of breast, colon, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers in elderly women in the Iowa Women’s Health Study

Author: Kristin E. Anderson, William Thomas, Lisa E. Vaughan, Anna E. Prizment, and Cindy K. Blair
Subjects: Risk, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Breast Neoplasms, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Anticarcinogenic Agents, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ovarian Neoplasms, Aspirin, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Hazard ratio, Cancer, Protective Factors, medicine.disease, Iowa, Pancreatic Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Colonic Neoplasms, Cohort, Women's Health, Female, Ovarian cancer, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Few studies have evaluated the chemopreventive effect of aspirin on the cancer risk in elderly women. We examined associations between frequency, dose, and duration of aspirin use with incidence of 719 aspirin-sensitive cancers (cancers of colon, pancreas, breast, and ovaries) in the Iowa Women’s Health Study (IWHS), a prospective cohort of women over 70 years old. Aspirin frequency, dose, and duration were self-reported in the 2004 IWHS questionnaire. Women were followed-up to 2011. Cancer cases were ascertained by linkage to the Iowa State Health Registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Among the 14,386 women, 30 % were nonusers of aspirin; 34 % used low-dose aspirin, and 36 % used regular- or high-dose aspirin. Compared with nonuse of aspirin, the HRs (95 % CI) for incidence of aspirin-sensitive cancers were 0.87 (0.72–1.06) for regular to high doses of aspirin use, 0.95 (0.80–1.13) for aspirin use 6+ times per week, and 0.93 (0.74–1.17) for aspirin use for 10+ years. For cumulative aspirin use, HR (95 % CI) was 0.87 (0.70–1.09) for >60,000 mg of aspirin per year and 0.95 (0.75–1.21) for >280,000 mg of aspirin in their lifetime, versus nonuse of aspirin. Results were similar for the all-cause cancer death as an endpoint, with a significant inverse association observed between lifetime aspirin dose and cancer mortality [
Published: 2016
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31. High Protein Pasta is Not More Satiating than High Fiber Pasta at a Lunch Meal, Nor Does it Decrease Mid-Afternoon Snacking in Healthy Men and Women

Author: Rylee T. Ahnen, Renata Korczak, Joanne L. Slavin, Derek A. Timm, and William Thomas
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Meal, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Calorie, Snacking, business.industry, food and beverages, Crossover study, 03 medical and health sciences, Satiety Response, Medicine, Food science, Fiber, Palatability, business, Aftertaste, Food Science
Abstract: This study compared satiety after high protein pasta (16 g protein, 6 g fiber), high fiber pasta (11 g protein, 8 g fiber) or control pasta (11 g protein, 6 g fiber) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial. Participants were 36 healthy and men and women from the University of Minnesota campus. Fasted men and women ate calorie controlled, but macronutrient different pastas at 12:00 pm along with 500 mL of water. The primary outcome was satiety assessed by Visual Analogue Scales at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min daily after consuming the pastas. Secondary outcomes were calories consumed at an ad libitum snack at 3:00 pm, calories from food intake, gastrointestinal tolerance, and palatability. No differences were found among the pasta treatments for satiety, snacking, or gastrointestinal tolerance. Men ate significantly more calories for the rest of the (P = 0.007) after the high protein pasta versus the high fiber pasta (1701 ± 154 compared with 1083 ± 154) with control pasta being intermediate to the other treatments. No significant differences were found for gastrointestinal tolerance, but the palatability ratings showed the high protein pasta was less tasty (P = 0.03) and less pleasant (P = 0.01) than the other 2 pastas. Satisfaction was positively associated with pleasantness and negatively associated with aftertaste. Our results do not support the idea that high protein or high fiber pasta produces a greater satiety response compared to pasta with lower amounts of either nutrient. It is likely that since pasta is already a very satiating food, the subjects were unable to differentiate between the 3 conditions.
Published: 2016
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32. Hypertension in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Author: Nadia Maccabee-Ryaboy, Jennifer Kyllo, Kyriakie Sarafoglou, Anna Petryk, William Thomas, Maria Teresa Gonzalez-Bolanos, Aida N. Lteif, and Peter C. Hindmarsh
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fludrocortisone, Diastole, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Retrospective Studies, Hydrocortisone, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital, business.industry, 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, Incidence (epidemiology), Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Child, Preschool, Hypertension, Female, business, Body mass index, medicine.drug
Abstract: SummaryObjectives Estimates of high blood pressure (BP) incidence in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) vary widely; risk factors are poorly understood. We estimated incidence of hypertension by CAH subtype and sex, and assessed its association with body mass index, hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. Design Longitudinal. Patients Chart review of 180 paediatric CAH patients (120 salt wasting; 60 simple virilizing; 93 females) seen from 1970 to 2013. Measurements High BP was diagnosed by diastolic or systolic blood pressure measurement ≥95th percentile for age, sex and height; hypertension was diagnosed with high BP on at least three clinic visits. Results Children with classic CAH who received fludrocortisone had a significantly higher rate of hypertension (55% vs 31%) than those who did not. Hypertension incidence was higher in salt-wasting CAH (58%) than in simple-virilizing CAH (35%). Hypertension first occurred before age 5 years in 91% of salt-wasting males and 50% of cases in salt-wasting females; most simple-virilizing cases occurred during ages 10–18 years. Rates of hypertension were higher in children who had three or more measurements with 17-OHP < 400 ng/dl (12·12 nmol/l), and this difference was significant in salt-wasting males. Children on fludrocortisone who had three or more readings of 17-OHP < 400 ng/dl (12·12 nmol/l) had a significantly higher rate of hypertension than those who did not. Hydrocortisone dose was not associated with hypertension. Conclusion Children with CAH are at higher risk for hypertension than the general paediatric population, and incidence differs by sex and CAH subtype. Hypertension was higher in children on fludrocortisone and who were oversuppressed.
Published: 2016
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33. Autoimmune pancytopenia occurring late after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation

Author: William Thomas, Tom Bull, Pedro Martin-Cabrera, and Ruth Jolley
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Pancytopenia, medicine.medical_treatment, Gastroenterology, Autoimmune Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Kidney transplantation, Romiplostim, business.industry, Immunosuppression, General Medicine, Petechial rash, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Tacrolimus, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Absolute neutrophil count, Female, Rituximab, Pancreas Transplantation, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, New Disease, medicine.drug
Abstract: A 35-year-old woman presented with a widespread petechial rash and pancytopenia. She underwent simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation for type 1 diabetes 8 years previously followed by a renal transplant 1 year prior to presentation, and was taking tacrolimus as long-term immunosuppression. The full blood count showed haemoglobin 97 g/L, platelet count 2×109/L and neutrophil count 0.22×109/L. Peripheral blood film examination confirmed genuine thrombocytopenia in the absence of any haemolytic or malignant features. Serological testing identified autoantibodies against all three blood lineages, consistent with a diagnosis of autoimmune pancytopenia. Treatment with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, romiplostim and mycophenolate mofetil achieved only fleeting remissions. Blood counts eventually normalised following the administration of rituximab and a change from tacrolimus to ciclosporin immunosuppression. Cytopenias are a well-recognised complication of post-transplantation care but we believe this to be the first reported case of autoimmune pancytopenia following solid organ transplantation. In this case report, we discuss the approach to investigation of haematological abnormalities post-transplant and the rationale for, and outcome of, the management of this rare case.
Published: 2020
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34. Questioning US Immigration Law Compliance with Treaties for Trade and Investment

Author: William Thomas Worster
Subjects: History, Polymers and Plastics, media_common.quotation_subject, Bilateral investment treaty, Immigration, Investment (macroeconomics), Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, State (polity), Complaint, Business, Business and International Management, Treaty, Immigration law, Enforcement, Law and economics, media_common
Abstract: Current US immigration law appears to be in widespread violation of bilateral international agreements on trade and investment. The US is party to a number of treaties for investment or trade that include terms on issuing temporary immigration visas, "treaty trader" visas (E-1 visa) or "treaty investor" visas (E-2 visa). These treaties include the older Friendship, Commerce and Navigation treaties (FCNs); Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and the more modern Free-Trade Agreements (FTAs). Rather than apply the immigration terms under each treaty, US immigration law imposes its own requirements, which in many cases are at odds with the terms under the treaties. This paper compares the various treaties to which the US is party and identifies their differences. It then contrasts the practice that the treaties require with US immigration law, further identifying where US immigration law may not be in compliance with the treaties. This practice is particularly problematic because some of the treaties for investment or trade include complaint mechanisms. Certainly a state would have grounds for complaining that the US is not living up to its treaty obligations, but there may be many reasons why a state party would not want to disturb its bilateral relationship by making such a complaint. However, many of these treaties also include a right for individuals or coporations to bring their own complaints directly against the US under mandatory investment dispute settlement. Thus, current US immigration law on treaty traders and investors is not only in violation of the underlying treaties, but the violations present a real risk of enforcement.
Published: 2019
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35. Distributed Ledger Technology to Support Digital Evidence Integrity Verification Processes

Author: William Thomas Weilbach and Yusuf Moosa Motara
Subjects: Service (systems architecture), business.industry, Computer science, Digital forensics, Timestamping, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Digital evidence, Scalability, Distributed ledger, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Software engineering, business, Chain of custody
Abstract: This paper examines the way in which blockchain technology can be used to improve the integrity of the chain of evidence in digital forensics. A particular scalable method of verifying point-in-time existence of a piece of digital evidence, using the OpenTimestamps (OTS) service, is described, and tests are carried out to independently validate the claims made by the service. The results demonstrate that the OTS service is highly reliable, but not suitable for time-sensitive digital timestamping.
Published: 2019
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36. Resolution of the ATLAS muon spectrometer monitored drift tubes in LHC Run 2

Author: Otilia Anamaria Ducu, Katharina Behr, R. 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Mochizuki, Michele Renda, Yicheng Guo, Andrea Matic, Liang Li, Saleh Sultanov, Ellis Fawn Kay, Dewen Zhong, James Bensinger, Tomas Dado, Francois Vazeille, Roman Lysak, Swagato Banerjee, Didier Ferrere, Alessandro Lapertosa, Marcus Morgenstern, Alessandro La Rosa, Aleksey Buzykaev, Helmut Wolters, Arno Straessner, Tancredi Carli, Roberto Cardarelli, Jaroslav Guenther, Kun Liu, Monica D'Onofrio, Trygve Buanes, Claire Antel, Thomas James Stevenson, Jorge Andres Lopez Lopez, Jozsef Toth, Elena Korolkova, Nicholas Adam Styles, Federico Meloni, Marco Costa, Trisha Farooque, Jun Gao, Saverio D'Auria, Yanping Huang, Oliver Stelzer-Chilton, Harald Joerg Stelzer, MarioPaolo Giordani, Jørgen Beck Hansen, Elias Sideras Haddad, Charles Leggett, Fabian Huegging, Marc Cano Bret, M. Franklin, Sophie Trincaz-Duvoid, Kazuhiko Hara, Binish Batool, Javier Montejo Berlingen, Andrea Catinaccio, Oliver James Winston, Yongsun Kim, Olga Igonkina, Wojciech Fedorko, James Walder, Rute Pedro, Roger Jones, Irina Antonela Cioara, Giordon Holtsberg Stark, Carla Sbarra, Atsuhiko Ochi, John Parsons, Philippe Calfayan, Ioannis Manthos, Martin Sykora, Jan Schaeffer, Alan Watson, Petar Bokan, Samuel Webb, Andrzej Olszewski, Ilaria Luise, Hassnae El Jarrari, Jason Lea Oliver, MB Epland, Margherita Primavera, Renat Sadykov, Pawel Malecki, Tomoe Kishimoto, Eram Rizvi, Silvia Resconi, Tim Adye, Luis Pascual Dominguez, Martin Errenst, Stephen Haywood, Walter Lampl, Elisabeth Schopf, Tak Shun Lau, Sarah Kate Boutle, Masahiro Ikeno, Paolo Francavilla, Edward Moyse, Carlos Moreno Martinez, Verena Maria Walbrecht, Florencia Luciana Castillo, R. D. 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J. Chen, Simon Henry Connell, Hanna Maria Borecka-Bielska, Carlo Varni, Li Zhi, Peter Loch, Sten Hellman, Torsten Harenberg, Cheuk Yee Lo, Arunika Sahu, Georgios Iakovidis, Alexey Ezhilov, Stephen Kam-wah Chan, Athina Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi, Charles William Kalderon, Pascal Pralavorio, Vakhtang Kartvelishvili, Lamberto Luminari, Giulia Gonella, Andrea Messina, Tim Jones, Giuseppe Mornacchi, Emmanuel Sauvan, Roger Felipe Naranjo Garcia, Maiken Pedersen, Nedaa Asbah, Daniela Boerner, Mariya Shiyakova, Albert Olariu, Javier Alberto Aparisi Pozo, Laurelle Maria Veloce, Mikhail Demichev, Ryuichi Takashima, Ettore Zaffaroni, Akanksha Vishwakarma, Philippe Schune, Brian Cole, Arka Santra, Samuel Dysch, Valerio D'Amico, Jan Kretzschmar, Victoria Castillo Gimenez, Tatsumi Nitta, Andrei Alexandru Geanta, Albert Francis Casha, J. Huston, Souad Batlamous, Alexander Armstrong, Simon Schmitz, Stuart Derek Walker, Gabriella Sciolla, Joao Saraiva, Jose Luis Munoz Martinez, Matthew John Baca, Tulay Cuhadar Donszelmann, Aidan Robson, Robert Francis Hunter, Louis Fayard, Grazia Cabras, Alfred Goshaw, Chrysostomos Valderanis, Chenliang Wang, Marcello Bindi, Matteo Scornajenghi, Ryan Christopher Edgar, Elham E Khoda, Sebastian Heer, Per Johansson, Thomas Meideck, Stephen Albert Weber, Yohei Yamaguchi, Verena Martinez Outschoorn, Ivan Lopez Paz, Ariella Cattai, Nikolina Ilic, Andreas Petridis, Rupert Leitner, Zhaoxu Xi, Vakhtang Tsulaia, James Monk, Pavel Podberezko, Siegfried Bethke, Caterina Doglioni, Stanislav Tokár, J. Ocariz, Jan Stark, Hajime Nanjo, Ingo Bloch, Daniel Turgeman, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Marija Marjanovic, Alexey Myagkov, Luc Poggioli, Mohamad Kassem Ayoub, Victoria Jane Martin, A. 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Moreno Llácer, Guennadi Borissov, Ashutosh Kotwal, Aliaksei Hrynevich, Kazuki Motohashi, Francesco Lacava, Paul Fraser Harrison, Piotr Andrzej Janus, Ivan Yeletskikh, Vincent Kitali, Laura Franconi, Antinea Guerguichon, Ryu Sawada, Evgueni Ladygin, Christine Kourkoumelis, Pedro Jorge, Anna Ivina, Yakov Petrovich Kulinich, Sarah Heim, Eleni Skorda, Francesca Pastore, Ruggero Turra, Stephen Lloyd, Andres Pacheco Pages, Maia Mosidze, Yoshinobu Unno, Francesco Conventi, Maximilian Goblirsch-Kolb, Mengran Li, Gerardo Alexis Vasquez Arenas, Nicholas Stuart Dann, Alexandra Tudorache, Janusz Chwastowski, Sandro De Cecco, Peter Onyisi, Alexander Zaitsev, Liaoshan Shi, Hella Leonie Snoek, Jean-Francois Grivaz, Kotaro Wakamiya, Trine Poulsen, Christopher Samuel Pollard, Claudio Luci, Patrawan Pasuwan, Kunihiro Nagano, Marco Rimoldi, John Rutherfoord, Ye Chen, Dwayne Patrick Spiteri, Xiaohu Sun, Diane Cinca, David William Thomas, Nikola Makovec, Andreas Redelbach, Farid Ould-Saada, Elodie Deborah Resseguie, Douglas Schaefer, Alex Martyniuk, Shohei Shirabe, Marie-Hélène Genest, Ivan Pogrebnyak, Matteo Franchini, Shu Li, Ralph Soeren Peter Mueller, Benjamin John Rosser, Eitan Gozani, Fabrizio Miano, Xuan Zhang, Yuta Sano, Antonio Zoccoli, Zineb Idrissi, Kunlin Ran, John Hill, Jahred Adelman, Alain Bellerive, Julia Mariana Iturbe Ponce, Anna Lipniacka, Christian Ohm, Maria Ines Abreu Juliao Ochoa De Castro, Xiaoguang Yue, Gregor Kramberger, Christina Potter, Despoina Sampsonidou, Peter Steinberg, Anatoli Romaniouk, Horst Severini, Stephen Jacob Sekula, Susumu Terada, Vladimir Smakhtin, Andreas Kugel, Jeannine Wagner-kuhr, Geoffrey Gilles, Arturo Rodolfo Sanchez Pineda, Junjie Zhu, Gabriel Alexandru Popeneciu, Marcel Vos, Andrew Washbrook, Ruth Magdalena Jacobs, Leonid Serkin, Hubert Kroha, Hong Ma, Lara Katharina Schildgen, Cheng Guang Zhu, Calliope Louisa Sotiropoulou, Riccardo Di Sipio, Vincent Garonne, Sandro Palestini, Didier Alexandre, Giulio Tiziano Forcolin, Pamela Ferrari, Zvi Hirsh Citron, Vasiliki A Mitsou, Leonid Gladilin, Walter Hopkins, Branislav Ristic, Luka Kanjir, Deepak Kar, Davide Boscherini, Alvaro Lopez Solis, Douglas Raymond Davis, Damir Duvnjak, Stefania Xella, João Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, Jeanette Lorenz, Jia Jian Teoh, Kevin Einsweiler, Ambrosius Thomas Vermeulen, Merve Nazlim Agaras, Denys Denysiuk, Michael A. Strauss, Wai Yuen Chan, Steffen Maeland, Joel Hengwei Foo, Alexander David Sherman, Maximiliano Sioli, Marco Delmastro, Marco Aurelio Lisboa Leite, Shogo Kido, Fabian Thiele, Tomas Davidek, Heng Li, Sandrine Laplace, Oana Elena Vickey Boeriu, Jie Yu, Melissa Yexley, Tobias Klingl, Jose Guillermo Panduro Vazquez, Tobias Golling, Adam Bailey, T. Scanlon, Callum Robert Kilby, Eleni Myrto Asimakopoulou, Xiaotong Chu, Peter Sherwood, Pavel Starovoitov, Savanna Marie Shaw, Bernhard Meirose, Cristiano David Sebastiani, Thorben Swirski, Knut Oddvar Hoie Vadla, Andrea Sansoni, Martine Bosman, Sergio Gonzalez-Sevilla, Jakub Andrzej Kremer, Jovan Mitrevski, Murrough Landon, Sergi Rodriguez Bosca, Rainer Roehrig, Simone Francescato, Eduardo Valdes Santurio, Gonzalo Enrique Orellana, Konrad Kleinknecht, Teresa Barillari, Andrew Lankford, Stefan Schmitt, Daniel Lawrence Briglin, Dave Charlton, Rachel Hyneman, Philipp Jonathan Lösel, Hulin Wang, Marine Kuna, Javier Jimenez Pena, Victor Kukhtin, Marcela Mikestikova, Stefan Richter, Corinne Goy, Victor Maleev, J. Boudreau, Karl Jakobs, Todd Seiss, Max Maerker, Lei Zhang, Pasquale Fabrizio Salvatore, Denis Oliveira Damazio, James Boyd, Carlo Enrico Pandini, Francesco Costanza, Ludovic Michel Scyboz, Lukas Adamek, Shoji Asai, Claire Malone, Hannah Arnold, Thomas Lohse, Yanyun Duan, Antonio Sidoti, Ian Hinchliffe, Sergei Malyukov, Michele Michetti, Waleed Syed Ahmed, Juerg Beringer, Qipeng Hu, Eva Hansen, Akihiro Higashida, Daniel Lellouch, Natalia Korotkova, Luigi Longo, Jannik Geisen, Peter Maettig, Nikolaos Konstantinidis, Sebastian Mergelmeyer, Matteo Beretta, Paul Glaysher, Markus Schumacher, Simon Holm Stark, Shuwei Ye, Per Edvin Sidebo, Alberto Aloisio, Huiwen Ji, Hector De la Torre, Claudia Merlassino, Markus Cristinziani, Matthew Henry Klein, Nadav Michael Tamir, Elizaveta Shabalina, Harry James Moss, Douglas Gingrich, Timothy Andeen, Adam Maxwell Azoulay, Andrey Minaenko, Edith Knoops, Christophe Clement, Andrey Soukharev, Vanja Morisbak, Michael David Werner, Ioannis Nomidis, Anjishnu Bandyopadhyay, Koki Maekawa, Anjali Krishnan, Michael Huebner, Helena Santos, Charles Young, Sana Ketabchi Haghighat, Timon Heim, Bertrand Laforge, Yan Wing Ng, Qun Ouyang, Samuel David Jones, Jesse Kar Kee Liu, Balazs Konya, Domizia Orestano, Thomas Philippe Calvet, Sebastian Andreas Merkt, Cinzia Da Via, Gideon Bella, Luigi Vigani, Semen Turchikhin, Christopher Anelli, Kristian Gregersen, Ian Connelly, Richard Bates, Christian Grefe, Marcos Vinicius Silva Oliveira, Konstantin Toms, Yuri Kulchitsky, Babar Ali, Ossama AbouZeid, Birgit Sylvia Stapf, Ilkay Turk Cakir, Marco Montella, Martin Rybar, Marko Mikuz, Kerstin Tackmann, Pawel Bruckman de Renstrom, Natasha Lee Woods, D. Su, Agostino Lanza, Vincent Hedberg, Yang Yang, Hans Peter Beck, Apostolos Tsirigotis, Francesca Ungaro, Julien Caudron, Jing Chen, Volker Buescher, John Kamal Rizk Meshreki, Pienpen Seema, Bengt Lund-Jensen, Siqi Yang, Susana Cabrera Urbán, Rachik Soualah, Susumu Oda, J. S. Keller, Aaron Foley Webb, Alison Elliot, Alexi Gongadze, Markus Nordberg, Vakhtang Tsiskaridze, J. N. Butler, Anyes Taffard, Brian Le, Rachid Mazini, Joyful Elma Mdhluli, You Zhou, Heather Lynn Russell, Giovanni Darbo, Marianna Testa, Holly Ann Pacey, Graeme Stewart, Ludovica Aperio Bella, Mattias Ellert, Roberto Di Nardo, Filippo Maria Giorgi, Simone Amoroso, Benjamin Paul Jaeger, Bartosz Sebastian Dziedzic, Y. K. Heng, Nicolas Ellis, David Paul Yallup, Xinchou Lou, Lene Bryngemark, Gianluca Alimonti, Rainer Stamen, Sergey Barsov, Jacob Julian Kempster, Gavin Pownall, Christos Anastopoulos, Tiago Dias Do Vale, Francesco Cirotto, Mats Joakim Robert Olsson, Nicola Semprini-Cesari, Andrew Ferrante, Konstantin Beloborodov, Dominik Derendarz, Alexey Anisenkov, Ann Miao Wang, Georges Aad, Peter Tornambe, Vaclav Vacek, Jana Faltova, Federica Legger, Stanislav Pospisil, Clara Troncon, Vojtech Pleskot, David DeMarco, Will Davey, Aranzazu Ruiz-Martinez, Uli Schaefer, Javier Llorente Merino, Royer Edson Ticse Torres, D. Di Valentino, Tony Liss, Nguyen Phuong Dang, Xuanhong Lou, Kathryn Grimm, Nikolai Marcel Hartmann, M. Morii, Antonio Ferrer, Alexandre Laurier, Jonathan Shlomi, Ana Maria Rodriguez Vera, Sergey Kuleshov, Yang Gao, Carmen Maidantchik, Elliott Cheu, Yasiel Delabat Diaz, Fabrizio Parodi, John Huth, Yasuyuki Horii, Stefan Simion, Alexander Melzer, Zihao Jiang, Alan James Taylor, Philip Phillips, Samuel Silverstein, E. Celebi, Chav Chhiv Chau, Stephane Willocq, Philipp Thomas Koenig, Giada Mancini, Robin Middleton, Corentin Allaire, Ludovico Pontecorvo, Harish Potti, Edson Carquin, Yee Chinn Yap, Antoine Laudrain, Christopher Grud, Savannah Jennifer Thais, Josh Moss, Enrique Kajomovitz, Rodrigo Araujo Pereira, Ingrid-Maria Gregor, Evgenii Baldin, Louis Helary, Anna Mastroberardino, Robert Kehoe, Oleg Kuprash, Bruno Lenzi, Nathan Peter Readioff, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, Nora Emilia Pettersson, William Keaton Balunas, Miha Zgubic, Cherifa Sabrina Amrouche, Antonio Ereditato, Colleen Jennifer Treado, Harinder Singh Bawa, Nathan Allen Grieser, Oliver Kortner, Sinan Kuday, Margaret Susan Lutz, Jason Tylor Colt Barkeloo, Oliver Majersky, Robert Hankache, Michael William Phipps, Joseph William Carter, Katharina Bierwagen, Zhengguo Zhao, Georg Viehhauser, Brigitte Vachon, Arthur Eugen Bolz, Archil Durglishvili, Kristian Bjoerke, Huajie Cheng, Vincent Wai Sum Wong, Sune Jakobsen, Giacomo Artoni, Jessica Metcalfe, Thomas Dennis Powell, Reinhard Schwienhorst, Marcin Stolarski, Pierfrancesco Butti, Salvatore Bruno, Bingxuan Liu, Huacheng Cai, Denis Pudzha, Ben Waugh, Sai-Juan Chen, Laura Perini, Paul Philipp Gadow, Claire Alexandra Lee, Yanchu Wang, William Dale Heidorn, Chris Malena Delitzsch, Qing Wang, Ian Michael Snyder, Henri Bachacou, Daniel Fournier, Leonardo Carminati, Jessica Levêque, S. Passaggio, Luiz Caloba, Henric George Wilkens, Xingguo Li, Vadim Gratchev, Tatiana Lyubushkina, Xuai Zhuang, Samira Hassani, Are Sivertsen Traeet, Współautorami artykułu są członkowie ATLAS Collaboration w liczbie 2931, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Fakülteler, Fen - Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre de Calcul de l'IN2P3 (CC-IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ATLAS, ARAG - AREA FINANZA E PARTECIPATE, DIP. DI FISICA, DIPARTIMENTO DI FISICA E ASTRONOMIA 'AUGUSTO RIGHI', Facolta' di INGEGNERIA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), ATLAS (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), XENON (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universidade do Minho, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB ETÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Malzeme Bilimi ve Nanoteknoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Sultansoy, Saleh F., Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abbott, D. 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A., Timoshenko, S., Tipton, P., Tisserant, S., Todome, K., Todorova-Nova, S., Todt, S., Tojo, J., Tokar, S., Tokushuku, K., Tolley, E., Tomiwa, K. G., Tomoto, M., Tompkins, L., Toms, K., Tong, B., Tornambe, P., Torrence, E., Torres, H., Pastor, E. T., Tosciri, C., Toth, J., Tovey, D. R., Traeet, A., Treado, C. J., Trefzger, T., Tresoldi, F., Tricoli, A., Trigger, I. M., Trincaz-Duvoid, S., Trischuk, W., Trocme, B., Trofymov, A., Troncon, C., Trovatelli, M., Trovato, F., Truong, L., Trzebinski, M., Trzupek, A., Tsai, F., Tseng, J. C. -L., Tsiareshka, P. V., Tsirigotis, A., Tsirintanis, N., Tsiskaridze, V., Tskhadadze, E. G., Tsopoulou, M., Tsukerman, I. I., Tsulaia, V., Tsuno, S., Tsybychev, D., Tu, Y., Tudorache, A., Tudorache, V., Tulbure, T. T., Tuna, A. N., Turchikhin, S., Turgeman, D., Cakir, I. T., Turner, R. J., Turra, R. T., Tuts, P. M., Tzamarias, S., Tzovara, E., Ucchielli, G., Uchida, K., Ueda, I., Ughetto, M., Ukegawa, F., Unal, G., Undrus, A., Unel, G., Ungaro, F. C., Unno, Y., Uno, K., Urban, J., Urquijo, P., Usai, G., Usui, J., Uysal, Z., Vacavant, L., Vacek, V., Vachon, B., Vadla, K. O. H., Vaidya, A., Valderanis, C., Santurio, E. V., Valente, M., Valentinetti, S., Valero, A., Valery, L., Vallance, R. A., Vallier, A., Ferrer, J. A. V., Van Daalen, T. R., Van Gemmeren, P., Van Vulpen, I., Vanadia, M., Vandelli, W., Vaniachine, A., Vannicola, D., Vari, R., Varnes, E. W., Varni, C., Varol, T., Varouchas, D., Varvell, K. E., Vasile, M. E., Vasquez, G. A., Vasquez, J. G., Vazeille, F., Furelos, D. V., Schroeder, T. V., Veatch, J., Vecchio, V., Veen, M. J., Veloce, L. M., Veloso, F., Veneziano, S., Ventura, A., Venturi, N., Verbytskyi, A., Vercesi, V., Verducci, M., Infante, C. M. V., Vergis, C., Verkerke, W., Vermeulen, A. T., Vermeulen, J. C., Vetterli, M. C., Maira, N. V., Pinto, M. V. B., Vickey, T., Boeriu, O. E. V., Viehhauser, G. H. A., Vigani, L., Villa, M., Perez, M. V., Vilucchi, E., Vincter, M. G., Vinogradov, V. B., Vishwakarma, A., Vittori, C., Vivarelli, I., Vogel, M., Vokac, P., Von Buddenbrock, S. E., Von Toerne, E., Vorobel, V., Vorobev, K., Vos, M., Vossebeld, J. H., Vozak, M., Vranjes, N., Milosavljevic, M. V., Vrba, V., Vreeswijk, M., Sfiligoj, T., Vuillermet, R., Vukotic, I., Zenis, T., Zivkovic, L., Wagner, P., Wagner, W., Wagner-Kuhr, J., Wahdan, S., Wahlberg, H., Wakamiya, K., Walbrecht, V. M., Walder, J., Walker, R., Walker, S. D., Walkowiak, W., Wallangen, V., Wang, A. M., Wang, C., Wang, F., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, P., Wang, Q., Wang, R. -J., Wang, R., Wang, S. M., Wang, W. T., Wang, W., Wang, W. X., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wanotayaroj, C., Warburton, A., Ward, C. P., Wardrope, D. R., Warrack, N., Washbrook, A., Watson, A. T., Watson, M. F., Watts, G., Waugh, B. M., Webb, A. F., Webb, S., Weber, C., Weber, M. S., Weber, S. A., Weber, S. M., Weidberg, A. R., Weingarten, J., Weirich, M., Weiser, C., Wells, P. S., Wenaus, T., Wengler, T., Wenig, S., Wermes, N., Werner, M. D., Wessels, M., Weston, T. D., Whalen, K., Whallon, N. L., Wharton, A. M., White, A. S., White, A., White, M. J., Whiteson, D., Whitmore, B. W., Wiedenmann, W., Wielers, M., Wieseotte, N., Wiglesworth, C., Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M., Wilk, F., Wilkens, H. G., Wilkins, L. J., Williams, H. H., Williams, S., Willis, C., Willocq, S., Wilson, J. A., Wingerter-Seez, I., Winkels, E., Winklmeier, F., Winston, O. J., Winter, B. T., Wittgen, M., Wobisch, M., Wolf, A., Wolf, T. M. H., Wolff, R., Wolker, R. W., Wollrath, J., Wolter, M. W., Wolters, H., Wong, V. W. S., Woods, N. L., Worm, S. D., Wosiek, B. K., Wozniak, K. W., Wraight, K., Wu, S. L., Wu, X., Wu, Y., Wyatt, T. R., Wynne, B. M., Xella, S., Xi, Z., Xia, L., Xu, D., Xu, H., Xu, L., Xu, T., Xu, W., Xu, Z., Yabsley, B., Yacoob, S., Yajima, K., Yallup, D. P., Yamaguchi, D., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamamoto, A., Yamane, F., Yamatani, M., Yamazaki, T., Yamazaki, Y., Yan, Z., Yang, H. J., Yang, H. T., Yang, S., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Yao, W. -M., Yap, Y. C., Yasu, Y., Yatsenko, E., Ye, J., Ye, S., Yeletskikh, I., Yexley, M. R., Yigitbasi, E., Yorita, K., Yoshihara, K., Young, C. J. S., Young, C., Yu, J., Yuan, R., Yue, X., Yuen, S. P. Y., Zabinski, B., Zacharis, G., Zaffaroni, E., Zahreddine, J., Zaitsev, A. M., Zakareishvili, T., Zakharchuk, N., Zambito, S., Zanzi, D., Zaripovas, D. R., Zeissner, S. V., Zeitnitz, C., Zemaityte, G., Zeng, J. C., Zenin, O., Zerwas, D., Zgubic, M., Zhang, D. F., Zhang, F., Zhang, G., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, M., Zhang, R., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, P., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhemchugov, A., Zheng, Z., Zhong, D., Zhou, B., Zhou, C., Zhou, M. S., Zhou, M., Zhou, N., Zhou, Y., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, H. L., Zhu, H., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, X., Zhukov, K., Zhulanov, V., Zieminska, D., Zimine, N. I., Zimmermann, S., Zinonos, Z., Ziolkowski, M., Zobernig, G., Zoccoli, A., Zoch, K., Zorbas, T. G., Zou, R., Zwalinski, L., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Aloisio, Alberto, Grazia Alviggi, Maria, Canale, Vincenzo, Cirotto, Francesco, DELLA PIETRA, Massimo, Massarotti, Paolo, Merola, Leonardo, Rossi, Elvira, Aaboud, M, Bachas, K, Chiodini, G, Gorini, E, Gravili, F, Longo, L, Mirto, A, Primavera, M, Reale, M, Schioppa, E, Spagnolo, S, Ventura, A, and ATLAS Collaboration, And
Subjects: Wire chambers (MWPC, drift tube, 13000 GeV-cms, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, muons, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Subatomär fysik, MWPC, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Gaseous detectors, 0302 clinical medicine, Wire chambers, Drift tubes, Subatomic Physics, scattering [p p], [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], tracking detector, Proportional chambers, momentum resolution, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Mathematical Physics, drift tubes, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Drift chambers, track data analysis, Muon spectrometers, Resolution (electron density), Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, ATLAS, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP], Wire chambers (MWPC, Thin-gap chambers, drift chambers, drift tubes, proportional chambers etc), medicine.anatomical_structure, CERN LHC Coll, proportional chambers etc), Particle tracking detectors (gaseous detectors), Wire chambers (MWPC, thin-gap chambers, drift chambers, drift tubes, proportional chambers etc), MDT chambers, Wire chambers (MWPC), LHC, colliding beams [p p], Particle Physics - Experiment, p p: scattering, spectrometer [muon], Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas, 530 Physics, Particle tracking detectors (Gaseous detectors), Ciências Físicas [Ciências Naturais], FOS: Physical sciences, drift chamber [muon], gas [monitoring], programming, 03 medical and health sciences, Optics, Atlas (anatomy), Muon spectrometer, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, medicine, muon: drift chamber, Gaseous detector, ddc:610, drift chambers, High Energy Physics, spatial resolution, Muon, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, hep-ex, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430::Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP], Thin-gap chambers, calibration, monitoring: gas, Experimental High Energy Physics, business, p p: colliding beams, muon: spectrometer, experimental results
Abstract: The momentum measurement capability of the ATLAS muon spectrometer relies fundamentally on the intrinsic single-hit spatial resolution of the monitored drift tube precision tracking chambers. Optimal resolution is achieved with a dedicated calibration program that addresses the specific operating conditions of the 354 000 high-pressure drift tubes in the spectrometer. The calibrations consist of a set of timing offsets and drift time to drift distance transfer relations, and result in chamber resolution functions. This paper describes novel algorithms to obtain precision calibrations from data collected by ATLAS in LHC Run 2 and from a gas monitoring chamber, deployed in a dedicated gas facility. The algorithm output consists of a pair of correction constants per chamber which are applied to baseline calibrations, and determined to be valid for the entire ATLAS Run 2. The final single-hit spatial resolution, averaged over 1172 monitored drift tube chambers, is 81.7 ± 2.2 μm., We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d' Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2019
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37. Hereditarian ideas and eugenic ideals at the National Deaf-Mute College

Author: William Thomas Ennis
Subjects: American history, Higher education, business.industry, Eugenics, Heredity, medicine, Mathematics education, Hereditarianism, Gender studies, Disability discrimination, Psychology, business, medicine.disease_cause
Published: 2018
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38. Triceps on, alignment off? A comparison of total elbow arthroplasty component positioning with a triceps-on and a triceps-off approach

Author: Andrew King, Christopher D. Smith, Simon Booker, and William Thomas
Subjects: Orthodontics, Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Upper Limb (Shoulder And Elbow), 030222 orthopedics, Correlation coefficient, business.industry, Radiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Ulna, Elbow, General Medicine, Arthroplasty, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Total elbow arthroplasty, Surgery, Component (group theory), Component alignment, 030212 general & internal medicine, business
Abstract: Introduction This retrospective review investigates whether the triceps-on approach obtains alignment of total elbow arthroplasty implants equivalent to a triceps-off approach. Methods The last 30 consecutive total elbow arthroplasties performed by the senior author were reviewed to identify the approach used and pathology treated. Initially, a triceps split and reflection approach was used, then a triceps-preserving approach. Two blinded reviewers measured the component alignment in standardised radiographs. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to investigate inter/intra-observer and error. The two groups were compared using an unpaired Student t-test. Results There were 13 elbows in the triceps-off group and 17 in the triceps-on group. Pearson’s coefficient was 0.75 for interobserver error, 0.89 for intra-observer error. There was no statistical difference between the achieved alignment. All ulna components were flexed with a mean angle deviation of 4.5 degrees in the triceps-off group and 5.7 degrees in the triceps on. Two (15%) ulna components in the triceps-off group were placed in over 5 degrees of flexion, compared with seven (44%) in the triceps-on group. Conclusion These results demonstrate no statistical difference in the achieved alignment between the two groups. Surgeons should beware of the tendency to place the ulna component in a flexed position, especially in the triceps-on approach.
Published: 2018

39. How to Glean Culture from an Evolving Internet: Richard Rogers, Digital Methods

Author: William Thomas
Subjects: History, business.industry, Media studies, The Internet, Sociology, business, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Published: 2016
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40. Biometric security system over finite field for mobile applications

Author: K. Muneeswaran, Soosai Antony Maria Celestin Vigila, and William Thomas Berkin Albert Antony
Subjects: Mobile banking, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, business.industry, Transaction processing, Mutual authentication, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Public-key cryptography, Secure communication, Key (cryptography), Elliptic curve cryptography, business, computer, Software, Information Systems, Key size
Abstract: Recently, number of mobile users and mobile banking applications are increased dramatically. The current mobile banking system unable to provide face-to-face transaction, that is, anyone can perform transaction by using proper secret code. This study proposes a new triangular based indexing method to authenticate the original account holder in mobile banking environment. A Delaunay triangulation indexing scheme has been designed for protecting biometric template and Voronoi vertex is calculated for verifying the authorised person. A novel algorithm has been developed for mutual authentication. To reduce key size, elliptic curve cryptography technique is adapted. Biometric key is generated for secure communication and also discusses the security aspects of the proposed method.
Published: 2015
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41. Serum creatinine concentration in very-low-birth-weight infants from birth to 34–36 wk postmenstrual age

Author: Elena Polesana, Chiara Locatelli, Elvira Parravicini, John M. Lorenz, William Thomas, and David Bateman
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Time Factors, Birth weight, Gestational Age, Body Temperature, Electrolytes, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reference Values, Risk Factors, Birth Weight, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Medicine, Clinical Investigation, Retrospective Studies, Creatinine, business.industry, Obstetrics, Infant, Newborn, Parturition, Postmenstrual Age, Gestational age, Infant newborn, Nomograms, Low birth weight, chemistry, Reference values, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Gentamicins, medicine.symptom, Creatinine blood, business, Infant, Premature
Abstract: Background: Serum creatinine (s[Cr]) reference ranges for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants must account for physiologic changes in the first months of life. Methods: We retrospectively identified a sample of 218 appropriate-for-gestational age (GA) VLBW infants without risk factors for renal impairment, and classified into one of three GA groups: 25–27, 28–29, and 30–33 wk. We observed three phases of s[Cr] change (initial, decline, and equilibrium), whose characteristics varied by GA group. We used mixed-effects regression models to estimate mean and upper 95th prediction interval of s[Cr] for each GA group from birth to 34–36 wk post menstrual age (PMA). Results: In phase I, s[Cr] increased after birth, then returned slowly to baseline. The duration of phase I and the magnitude of s[Cr] rise decreased with increasing GA. In phase II, s[Cr] declined abruptly at a rate that increased with GA. A gradual transition to phase III, a steady-state equilibrium with similar s[Cr] among GA groups, began at approximately 34–36 wk PMA. We constructed GA group-specific nomograms depicting s[Cr] behaviour across the three phases. Conclusion: The reference ranges derived from a sample of infants without risk factors for renal impairment provide a context for quantitative interpretation of s[Cr] trends in VLBW infants.
Published: 2015
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42. Waste minimization at the drill site reduces environmental costs

Author: Ballantine, William Thomas
Subjects: Oil wells -- Waste management, Business, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract: Operators of multiple pit oil well systems can reduce environmental cleanup costs and liability by minimizing wastes. A managed pit system permits the processing of wastes as they are produced and their isolation, and costs are consequently lower than in a non-managed zero discharge system. Operators should audit processes at receiving and transfer stations and at disposal facilities to ensure that waste is properly handled. Storm water also needs to be properly handled., In drilling operations, an environmentally managed, multiple pit system can reduce the costs ot waste cleanup and disposal and ultimately limit the operator's liability. For a new drilling location, the [...]
Published: 1994

43. Application of Run-time Assurance Architecture to Robust Geofencing of SUAS

Author: Alec J. Bateman, Neha Gandhi, and William Thomas Gressick
Subjects: 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, 0209 industrial biotechnology, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0203 mechanical engineering, Computer science, business.industry, Embedded system, 02 engineering and technology, Architecture, business
Published: 2018
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44. A randomized controlled trial of arthroscopic capsular release versus hydrodilatation in the treatment of primary frozen shoulder

Author: William Thomas, Andrew Redfern, Sian Gallacher, Jon Evans, Christopher D. Smith, Jeff Kitson, James C. Beazley, Rahul Anaspure, and David Silver
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual Analog Scale, Visual analogue scale, medicine.medical_treatment, Hydrodilatation, Sodium Chloride, Radiography, Interventional, Triamcinolone, law.invention, Injections, Intra-Articular, 03 medical and health sciences, Arthroscopy, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Refractory, law, Bursitis, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Oxford shoulder score, Prospective Studies, Anesthetics, Local, Glucocorticoids, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Shoulder Joint, Frozen shoulder, Lidocaine, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Dilatation, Surgery, Joint Capsule Release, Patient Outcome Assessment, Fluoroscopy, Cohort, Arthroscopic Capsular Release, Female, business
Abstract: Background Arthroscopic capsular release (ACR) and hydrodilatation (HD) have been developed for the management of frozen shoulder refractory to conservative treatment. To date no randomized trial has directly compared the efficacy of both interventions. The aim of this trial was to determine whether the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) differs between patients with frozen shoulder randomized to treatment with ACR or HD. Methods Patients presenting with severe idiopathic frozen shoulder deemed suitable for surgical intervention by a consultant shoulder surgeon were randomized to ACR or HD. The primary outcome measure was OSS at 6 months, with secondary outcomes measures of the EuroQol-5D visual analog scale, external rotation, complications, and crossover rate also recorded. Results Between June 2013 and December 2016, 50 patients were randomized to HD or ACR. The average age of the HD and ACR cohorts was 55.2 and 52.6 years, respectively (P = .36). At 6 months after the intervention, 20 patients were available for follow-up in the HD cohort and 19 in the ACR cohort. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in OSS from baseline, but the OSS was significantly higher in the ACR cohort than the HD cohort (43.8 vs. 38.5, P = .023). The OSS was noted to improve rapidly after the intervention, with 75% of improvement in OSS noted at 6 weeks after surgery in both groups. Conclusions Patients randomized to ACR reported a significantly higher OSS at 6 months than those randomized to HD. Both groups, however, showed a significant improvement.
Published: 2018

45. Hollywood Accounting: Technologies of Surveillance, Knowledge and Power in Paramount Budget Documents, 1927–58

Author: William Thomas McClain
Subjects: Power (social and political), Hollywood accounting, business.industry, Accounting, Business
Abstract: Film production at Paramount Pictures during the so-called classical era required the mobilisation of massive material and human capital that depended on institutional systems of surveillance, knowledge creation and control ranging from departmental affiliations to the pre-printed budget forms. This article focuses on those pre-printed budget forms as technologies of knowledge and power, revealing that the necessities of creating and managing coalitions of expert labourers created alternative power centres and spaces where being the object of surveillance was itself a source of power. It concludes by discussing the implications of this ecology for the historiography of Hollywood.
Published: 2015
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46. Higher daily physical activity is associated with higher osteocalcin levels in adolescents

Author: Saydi E. Chahla, Brigitte I. Frohnert, Aaron S. Kelly, William Thomas, Lynda E. Polgreen, and Brandon M. Nathan
Subjects: obesity, medicine.medical_specialty, Osteocalcin, Si, insulin sensitivity, Physical activity, lcsh:Medicine, osteocalcin, physical activity, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Health Informatics, Cardiovascular, Adolescents, Bioinformatics, Oral and gastrointestinal, Bone remodeling, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, FSIGT, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, Weight loss, Internal medicine, medicine, Obesity, adolescents, 030212 general & internal medicine, HOMA-IR, HOMA-Insulin Resistance, Metabolic and endocrine, Nutrition, Cancer, biology, business.industry, Prevention, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Insulin sensitivity, Regular Article, BAP, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, medicine.disease, OCN, osteocalcin, Endocrinology, PAQsum, physical activity score, Public Health and Health Services, biology.protein, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background Exercise stimulates bone remodeling and improves insulin sensitivity (Si), even without associated weight loss. Osteocalcin (OCN), a bone-derived protein, is associated with improved Si. Purpose We examined how daily physical activity is associated with OCN and Si. Methods Physical activity was measured through questionnaires completed in Minneapolis from 2010 to 2012. A physical activity score (PAQsum) was calculated to quantify physical activity (range 1–5). OCN and bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were measured by ELISA. Si was measured by the insulin modified frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance test. Results The mean PAQsum value was 2.4 ± 0.8 in 47 participants (12–17.9 years old). PAQsum was positively associated with OCN (p = 0.006). Participants with PAQsum < 2 had significantly lower OCN levels compared to participants with PAQsum > 2 (p, Highlights • We examined the influence of physical activity on OCN. • Moderate physical activity is associated with higher levels of OCN. • Obesity did not impact the positive association between physical activity and OCN. • OCN may play a role in the insulin sensitizing effects of physical activity.
Published: 2015
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47. Consumption of a high glycemic load but not a high glycemic index diet is marginally associated with oxidative stress in young women

Author: Holly E. Jakits, Mindy S. Kurzer, William Thomas, Myron D. Gross, Andrea Y. Arikawa, Kathryn H. Schmitz, and Andrew Flood
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Overweight, medicine.disease_cause, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Article, Body Mass Index, Young Adult, Endocrinology, High glycemic index, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal medicine, Glycemic load, Dietary Carbohydrates, medicine, Humans, Exercise, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Healthy Volunteers, Diet, Oxidative Stress, Cross-Sectional Studies, Nutrition Assessment, Glycemic index, Quartile, Glycemic Index, Body Composition, Linear Models, Research studies, Female, medicine.symptom, Energy Intake, business, Body mass index, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Research studies have suggested that chronic consumption of high glycemic index foods may lead to chronically high oxidative stress. This is important because oxidative stress is suspected to be an early event in the etiology of many disease processes. We hypothesized that dietary glycemic index and glycemic load were positively associated with oxidative stress assessed by plasma F 2 -isoprostanes in healthy, premenopausal women (body mass index [BMI] = 24.7 ± 4.8 kg/m 2 and age 25.3 ± 3.5 years, mean ± SD). We measured plasma F 2 -isoprostanes in 306 healthy premenopausal women at the baseline visit for the Women In Steady Exercise Research study, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Dietary glycemic index and load were calculated from the National Cancer Institute Diet History Questionnaire, and participants were divided into quartiles of dietary glycemic index and of glycemic load. Plasma F 2 -isoprostanes were compared across quartile groups of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load using linear regression models. Plasma F 2 -isoprostanes (pg/mL) increased with quartile of glycemic load (test for linear trend, P = .033), and also increased with quartile of glycemic index in participants with BMI ≥25 ( P = .035) but not in those with BMI P = .924). After adjustment for BMI, alcohol consumption and total energy intake, both these positive trends remained marginally significant ( P = .123 for quartiles of glycemic index and P = .065 for quartiles of glycemic load).
Published: 2015
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48. Solid pseudopapillary tumour (Frantz's tumour) of the pancreas in childhood: successful management of late liver metastases with sunitinib and chemoembolisation

Author: William Thomas, John M. McClellan, and Mauricio A. Escobar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Indoles, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Antineoplastic Agents, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Metastasis, Pancreaticoduodenectomy, Whipple Procedure, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pancreatic cancer, Sunitinib, Medicine, Humans, Solid pseudopapillary tumour, Pyrroles, Pancreas, Novel Treatment (New Drug/Intervention, Established Drug/Procedure in New Situation), Chemotherapy, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Embolization, Therapeutic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Carcinoma, Papillary, Pancreatic Neoplasms, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Radiology, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, medicine.drug
Abstract: The patient is a girl aged 17 years who originally presented at age 11 years with a solid pseudopapillary tumour (SPT) in the head of the pancreas treated by an R0 pylorus-preserving Whipple procedure. The patient underwent surveillance CT every 3 months for the first year followed by MRI every 6 months. She was noted to have a new liver lesion in Couinaud segment VI highly suspicious for metastasis at 30 months. Liver wedge biopsy confirmed metastatic SPT. Two months later two new lesions were noted in Couinaud segment VII. The family preferred medical management to surgery resulting in a treatment combination of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib and hepatic artery embolisation. The patient developed a hepatic abscess following embolisation but recovered with antibiotics. The patient has subsequently been followed with serial MRIs every 3 months, and 20 months following chemoembolisation, she has no evidence of recurrence of the metastases.
Published: 2017

49. Obesity in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the Minnesota cohort: importance of adjusting body mass index for height-age

Author: Peter C. Hindmarsh, Anna Petryk, Bradley S. Miller, O. Yaw Addo, Kyriakie Sarafoglou, Jennifer Kyllo, William Thomas, Maria Teresa Gonzalez-Bolanos, Aida N. Lteif, and Gregory P. Forlenza
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Percentile, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Fludrocortisone, Minnesota, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Overweight, Article, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Longitudinal Studies, Obesity, Child, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital, business.industry, Age Factors, Bone age, medicine.disease, Body Height, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Body mass index, Weight gain, medicine.drug
Abstract: SummaryObjectives To evaluate obesity and overweight in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and associations with glucocorticoids, fludrocortisone and disease control. Adjusting body mass index-for-height-age (BMIHA) percentile is proposed to correct misclassification of obese/overweight status in CAH children with advanced bone age and tall-for-age stature. Design Longitudinal. Patients One hundred and ninety-four children with CAH seen from 1970 to 2013: 124 salt wasting (SW); 70 simple virilizing (SV); 102 females. Measurements Body mass index (BMI) end-points were overweight (85–94 percentile) and obese (≥95 percentile). Results Approximately 50% of the children had at least one BMI measurement ≥95 percentile and about 70% had at least one ≥85 percentile. Using BMIHA percentiles, obesity incidence decreased slightly in SW children (47–43%) and markedly in SV children (50–33%); however, overweight status was not reduced. Only 6% of SW and 1% of SV children were persistently obese (≥3 clinic visits) when BMIHA was applied, whereas overweight status persisted in 35% of SW and 33% of SV children. Most obesity or overweight when using BMIHA occurred before age 10 and there was no association with hydrocortisone (HC) or fludrocortisone dosing. Adiposity rebound for SW children occurred by 3·3 years and in SV females by age 3·8 years, over a year earlier than the adiposity rebound for healthy children. Conclusion Children with CAH are at higher risk for early onset obesity and overweight with or without using BMIHA but rates of persistent obesity were lower than previously reported. Careful HC dosing during early childhood is needed to prevent increased weight gain and an early adiposity rebound.
Published: 2017

50. Selection of Reliable and Valid Surgeon Performance Measures

Author: William Thomas Cecil
Subjects: Data collection, business.industry, Confounding, General Medicine, Surgical procedures, medicine.disease, Case review, surgical procedures, operative, Medicine, Extraction methods, Sampling (medicine), Medical emergency, business, Reliability (statistics), Selection (genetic algorithm)
Abstract: Objective- To identify measures of surgeon performance that are valid, reliable, and capable of classifying the risk of surgeon performance. Data Sources- A surgical quality improvement program, dataset unique to selected hospitals and surgeons containing abstracted surgical case records. Study Design- Six criteria were employed to assess the validity of 24 candidate measures of surgeon performance: 1) the presence of a surgeon random intercept; 2) a surgeon signal that is greater than zero; 3) surgeon majority control; 4) reliability of the surgeon random intercept of at least 0.7; 5) the capacity to identify both low- and high-risk surgeons and 6) the presence of a learning/improvement effect. Data collection/Extraction methods- Surgical case review nurses abstracted cases for each surgeon using a structured sampling and abstraction methodology. Principal findings- Comparing outcomes requires risk adjustment and the use of the "true score" approach but is limited by case volume constraints and a confounding factor, i.e., the hospital, if used to judge surgeons' performance. Assessing surgeon performance requires a measure of the surgeon's effects on the consequences (postoperative occurrences) of surgical procedures, i.e., the surgeon-specific random intercept, which is a product of a multilevel risk adjustment model. Conclusion- Morbidities and mortality lack the characteristics necessary to be used as measures of surgeon performance. However, the process (task-time) measures LOS and OT both have high event rates, high reliability, and are capable of classifying surgeon risk.
Published: 2020
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