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Background Anterior cruciate ligament transection surgery (ACLT)-induced OA model was often used to investigate the molecular mechanism of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Researches have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) played an important role in OA. The present study aimed to investigate the pathological changes after ACLT surgery and reveal the expression characteristics of the VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling pathway in this model. Methods Moderate KOA model was established by ACLT, and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Safranin-O(S-O) staining were used to detect the pathological changes in mouse knee cartilage, and the matrix biomarkers A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs 5(ADAMTS5), Collagen II (COL-II) were detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC), CD31 was detected by immunofluorescence (IF) to show the vascular invasion in cartilage, and proteins expression of VEGF-A pathway were detected by Western blot (WB). Meanwhile, the inflammatory biomarkers cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cartilage were detected by WB. Results ACLT surgery can lead to degeneration of cartilage in mice, and the characteristics of the lesion were time-dependent. The ADAMTS5-positive cells increased while COL-II decreased in OA cartilage with time, and new blood vessels labeled by CD31 can be seen from 1 week in OA cartilage, and increased in 8 and 12 weeks. The expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR2, COX-2, and iNOS were higher than control groups, which were basically consistent with the degree of osteoarthritis. Conclusions The degenerative degree of articular cartilage was time-dependent; angiogenesis and inflammation were important pathological changes of cartilage in KOA. The expression of the VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling pathway was basically correlated with the degree of KOA.

Background Although increased accumulation of neutrophils has been noted in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the function and regulation of neutrophils in CRS are largely unknown. IL-36 family cytokines may play an important role in neutrophilic inflammation. Objective This study sought to investigate the expression and function of IL-36 cytokines in CRS. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and ELISA were used to investigate the expression of IL-36 cytokines and IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) in sinonasal mucosa. The expression of IL-36R on neutrophils in polyps and blood was measured by flow cytometry. Purified blood neutrophils were cultured to investigate the regulation of IL-36R expression. The cleavage of IL-36γ was detected by Western blotting. Dispersed nasal polyp cells were treated with IL-36γ with or without elastase inhibitor and dexamethasone. Results Neutrophil infiltration and expression of IL-36 cytokines and IL-36R were upregulated in both CRS with and without nasal polyps. IL-36γ was the most abundant isoform and mainly expressed by epithelial cells in CRS. Neutrophils were the principal IL-36R + cell type in polyps. IL-36R expression was almost absent in blood neutrophils and upregulated by IL-6, IL-1β, and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 1. Elastase activity was increased in polyps and degraded full-length IL-36γ. Consistently, the levels of cleaved IL-36γ were increased in polyps. Full-length IL-36γ promoted the production of matrix metalloproteinase 9; IL-17A; and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligands 1, 2, and 8 from dispersed nasal polyp cells, which was abolished by elastase inhibitor. The proinflammatory effect of IL-36γ was not suppressed by dexamethasone. Conclusions Increased production and activation of IL-36γ may act on neutrophils and further exaggerate neutrophilic inflammation in CRS.

With the continuous development of internet technology, its application scope has been widely. In the field of education, it is becoming more and more mature and forming a complementary relationship with traditional education. In this paper, through t computer.NET platform architecture, we analyze the composition and running mechanism of.NET structure. Based on this we construct the exact image recognition method with block matching, which matches the martial arts action image. We use VB.NET internet technology to construct the martial arts teaching action design system, and use simulation technology to test. The results show that the system can meet the needs of martial arts teaching, and has strong practicability.

The harm of bridge deformation is serious, real time monitoring of bridge deformation is important to ensure the safe use. Over the years, the routine measuring method is unable to complete the multiple, dynamic monitoring. This paper discusses the method of multi-points instantaneous monitoring by using GPS technology, makes a great contribution to improve the technology of bridge detection, and has achieved good results.

Overhead cranes are essentially a kind of complex underactuated nonlinear mechanical systems, and it is a challenge to design an anti-swing controller for overhead cranes, hence, many people design controllers of overhead cranes ignoring the changing of the rope length and other parameters. In this study, we propose a multi-sliding mode controller to solve the problem of anti-swing and positioning controller for an overhead crane with rope length variations. This controller can provide a simultaneous trolley-position regulation, sway suppression, and load hoisting control. Also, this paper adopts a new method to decrease the chattering of the control input. Stability analysis of the proposed controller is given in the paper. The proposed controller does not rely on the accurate knowledge of overhead crane system model, and it is simple and easy to apply, and robust to disturbances. The simulation results show the good performance of the proposed controller.

With progress making in the art of industrial fields, control methods for synchronized multi-motor systems get more and more extensive applications, and there are increasingly high requirements for synchronous controllers. In this paper, a new control method for multi-axis drive systems is proposed, an adjacent-coupling algorithm based synchronization control strategy is designed, and a CMAC neural network based controller is developed. Simulation results show good performance of synchronization control accuracy, interference immunity, and convergence for the suggested synchronous controller

Compared with a traditional single-container overhead crane, the double-container overhead crane is a type of new efficient container stevedoring machinery, however, it is actually a complicated nonlinear system. In this brief, both the kinematic and dynamic characteristics concerning the double-container crane are investigated, and then an accurate dynamic model of the underactuated double-container overhead crane is established by utilizing Euler-Lagrange's method. Not only is the variation of the rope and payloads, but also some uncertainties such as mechanical frictions and air-resistance in the environment are taken into account in modeling. Simulation results show the validity of the established double-container overhead crane model.

Seventy-three patients have been treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR) for pituitary adenomas. 12 had undergone surgery prior to GKR. Three had had previous radiation therapy. The prescription dose administered to the tumor margin ranged from 9 to 35 Gy. 65 patients were followed up for an average of 29 months. A slight expansion of tumor volume occurred in 3 cases. Otherwise, the tumor volume remained unchanged or decreased in the remainder. Endocrine changes were present in all except 3 cases. GKR was followed by a speedy decrease in raised serum hormone levels in the case of both growth hormone (GH)and adrenocortico-tropic hormone (ACTH). In 3 patients there was some visual deterioration associated with a slight increase in tumor volume. In 2 cases, the tumors were removed surgically. Some preliminary conclusions may be drawn. The dose required to correct an endocrinopathy may be higher than that required for control of tumor growth. The recommended prescription dose for endocrine-active adenomas may be more than 30 Gy. While clinical improvement may be noted in patients with raised serum prolactin levels (PRL), normalization of the endocrinopathy may be less readily achieved than in the case of raised GH and ACTH levels. Gamma Knife radiosurgery as a primary treatment of pituitary adenomas can be safe and effective.

From September 1994 to June 1995, eight patients with intractable parkinsonism underwent gamma thalamotomy in our hospital. All of these patients were male, with an average age of 59.3 years. The duration of the disease from initial diagnosis was 2-10 years (mean 6.8 years). All had failed or had serious side effects with antiparkinsonian medicine. Seven cases had tremor-dominant symptoms, while the other had mainly rigidity. Six cases had bilateral symptoms. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was undertaken prior to treatment in all cases to exclude focal brain lesions. Stereotactic MRI was taken with the Leksell frame in place and both T1- and T2-weighted images were obtained. The targets were located in the area of Vim/Voa/Vop based on the Schaltenbrand atlas. In seven cases, two plugged 4-mm-collimator shots were used. The maximum dose was 160 Gy in six cases and 180 Gy in one case. In another case, a single 4-mm-collimator shot was used, and a maximum dose of 160 Gy was delivered to the target center. The border of the internal capsule was outside the 20-30% isodose line. We intended the 50% isodose line to have an oval-shaped region with the use of two shots and should correspond to the shape of Vim. Follow-up data were available for six patients (mean: 4.5 months, range: 2-9 months). Tremor disappeared in three cases and improved in the other three. In one of these six cases, the tremor disappeared just 3 days after gamma thalamotomy. Rigidity improved in four of these six cases. In only one patient, treated with a maximum dose of 180 Gy, was there any contralateral limb weakness, which developed 3 months after treatment and has been recovering gradually. Follow-up MRI T2-weighted images in this case showed that the diameter of the lesion was larger than intended and there was a region of diffuse edema in the thalamus and upper brain stem. No other complications occurred in this series.

Metorphamide (MET) elicited a potent, dose-dependent analgesia and respiratory depression in mice and rabbits. MET induced-analgesia was naloxone reversible and potentiated by bestatin. Naloxonazine, a relatively selective mu 1 blocker, at certain dosage (50 micrograms per rabbit, icv), could abolish the analgesia but not the respiratory inhibition produced by MET. Our result indicates that mu 1 receptors mediate the MET induced-analgesia but not its respiratory effect. Since MET is a mu- and kappa-ligand with very low delta activity, the MET induced respiratory depression may be mediated by mu 2 or kappa binding sites.